# translation

lexentry: eng/-aemia__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -aemia
trans_list: -emia
sense:
(British spelling, medicine) Blood; presence in blood (of a substance denoted by an affixed combining form); state or condition of the blood.


lexentry: eng/-an__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -an
trans_list: -iczny
sense:
Of or pertaining to; an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. (Often added to words of Latin origin, but also used with words of other origins. When a word ends in a, -n is used instead.)


lexentry: eng/-ate__Suffix__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: -ate
trans_list: -an
sense:
(chemistry, in nouns) a derivative of a specified element or compound; especially a salt or ester of an acid whose name ends in -ic


lexentry: eng/-drome__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -drome
trans_list: -drom
sense:
(literary) Forms placenames related to racetracks (now especially large covered racetracks) or similar structures.


lexentry: eng/-ed__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ed
trans_list: -ł
sense:
Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.


lexentry: eng/-ed__Suffix__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ed
trans_list: -ny | -y
sense:
Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.


lexentry: eng/-er__Suffix__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: -er
trans_list: -acz | -aczka | -arka | -arz | -ca | -ciel
sense:
(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root.


lexentry: eng/-er__Suffix__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: -er
trans_list: -ak
sense:
(added to numbers, measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets) A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies.


lexentry: eng/-er__Suffix__5
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -er
trans_list: bardziej
sense:
(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative.


lexentry: eng/-ese__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ese
trans_list: -iczny
sense:
Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people.


lexentry: eng/-est__Suffix__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -est
trans_list: -asz | -esz | -isz | -ysz
sense:
(archaic, dialectal) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs. (if thou is the subject; not used with you)


lexentry: eng/-gon__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -gon
trans_list: kąt
sense:
(geometry) Forms the names of plane figures containing a given number of angles, and thus bounded by that number of line segments (polygons). If the number is large enough, it can take the hyphenated suffix directly.


lexentry: eng/-ic__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ic
trans_list: -iczny
sense:
(chemistry) Used to denote certain chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a higher oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ous. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃).


lexentry: eng/-ing__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ing
trans_list: -cie | -nie
sense:
Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.


lexentry: eng/-ing__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ing
trans_list: -cie | -nie
sense:
Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.


lexentry: eng/-ish__Suffix__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: -ish
trans_list: -ski
sense:
(of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions) Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something).


lexentry: eng/-ism__Suffix__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: -ism
trans_list: -izm | -yzm
sense:
Used to form names of a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology, or principle or lack thereof.


lexentry: eng/-ite__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ite
trans_list: -anin | -ita
sense:
Used to form nouns denoting descendants of a specified historical person, especially a biblical figure.


lexentry: eng/-ite__Suffix__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: -ite
trans_list: -in | -it | -yn | -yt
sense:
(chemistry) Used to form names of certain chemical compounds, especially salts or esters of acids whose name ends in -ous.


lexentry: eng/-ity__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ity
trans_list: -ość
sense:
Used to form an uncountable noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.


lexentry: eng/-ive__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ive
trans_list: -czy | -ny
sense:
An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to, or serving to; as: affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.


lexentry: eng/-ization__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ization
trans_list: -izacja | -yzacja
sense:
A suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing something, or of making something.


lexentry: eng/-less__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -less
trans_list: bez-
sense:
Lacking (something); without (something). Added usually to a noun to form an adjective signifying a lack of that noun.


lexentry: eng/-mancy__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -mancy
trans_list: -mancja
sense:
(fantasy) Variety of magic, especially that controlling or related to a specific element, substance, or theme.


lexentry: eng/-ness__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ness
trans_list: -ość | -stwo
sense:
Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)".


lexentry: eng/-nomy__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -nomy
trans_list: -nomia
sense:
a system of rules, laws, or knowledge about a body of a particular field; distribution, arrangement, management


lexentry: eng/-o-__Interfix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -o-
trans_list: -o-
sense:
A linking vowel inserted interconsonantally between two morphemes, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning. It frequently joins words or combining forms of Ancient Greek or Classical Latin origin in the classical compounds of New Latin and international scientific vocabulary, but it can also be used to join modern terms and even abbreviations, either formally or informally.


lexentry: eng/-oid__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -oid
trans_list: -oid
sense:
Resembling; having the likeness of (usually including the concept of not being the same despite the likeness, but counterexamples exist).


lexentry: eng/-ology__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ology
trans_list: -logia
sense:
(often, humorous) added to an ordinary English word to create a name for a (possibly non-existent) field of study.


lexentry: eng/-philia__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -philia
trans_list: -filia
sense:
(pathology) Used to form nouns meaning abnormal liking or tendency (for something), e.g. paraphilia.


lexentry: eng/-phyte__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -phyte
trans_list: -fit
sense:
A member of a taxonomic group of plants or algae, chiefly one whose taxonomic name ends (or ended) in -phyta.


lexentry: eng/-ship__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ship
trans_list: -stwo
sense:
Appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union. In particular, the way a set of social duties associated with a particular role shapes or develop's one's character.


lexentry: eng/-th__Suffix__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -th
trans_list: -ty | -y
sense:
(mathematics) Used to form a term denoting the ordinal numeral corresponding to the value, being a natural number, of a mathematical expression.


lexentry: eng/-tion__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -tion
trans_list: -cja
sense:
(non-productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used.


lexentry: eng/-uria__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -uria
trans_list: -uria
sense:
(pathology) urine; urination; presence in urine (of a substance denoted by a prefixed combining form); state or condition of the urine.


lexentry: eng/-y__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -y
trans_list: -ny | -owy
sense:
Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.


lexentry: eng/15_minutes_of_fame__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 15 minutes of fame
trans_list: piętnaście minut sławy | swoje pięć minut
sense:
(idiomatic) A very short time in the spotlight or brief flurry with fame, after which the person or subject involved is quickly forgotten.


lexentry: eng/1_Chronicles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 1 Chronicles
trans_list: Pierwsza Księga Kronik
sense:
(biblical) The first of the two Books of Chronicles and the thirteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.


lexentry: eng/1_Maccabees__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 1 Maccabees
trans_list: Pierwsza Księga Machabejska
sense:
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/2CV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 2CV
trans_list: kaczka
sense:
deux chevaux (conventional French shortening of deux chevaux-vapeur "two horsepower") (a model of car by French manufacturer, Citroën)


lexentry: eng/2_Chronicles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 2 Chronicles
trans_list: Druga Księga Kronik
sense:
(biblical) The second of the two Books of Chronicles and the fourteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.


lexentry: eng/610_Office__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 610 Office
trans_list: biuro 610
sense:
(informal) The Public Security Anti-Xie-Jiao Organization (公安部反邪教组, gong'anbu fanxiejiao zu) in the People's Republic of China


lexentry: eng/A-bomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A-bomb
trans_list: bomba atomowa
sense:
(slang) An atomic bomb; a weapon that derives its energy from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power.


lexentry: eng/ABC__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ABC
trans_list: abecadło
sense:
(obsolete) A primer for teaching the Latin alphabet and first elements of reading. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid-17th century.]


lexentry: eng/ACAB__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ACAB
trans_list: CHWDP | HWDP
sense:
(derogatory) Acronym of all cops are bastards: an anti-police slogan protesting against police behaviour, often used in graffiti, tattoos, and other imagery.


lexentry: eng/AC__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: AC
trans_list: prąd przemienny | prąd zmienny
sense:
(electricity) Initialism of alternating current (often used to indicate an alternating potential rather than a current).


lexentry: eng/A_level__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A level
trans_list: naczynie
sense:
A non-compulsory examination taken in the final two years in British high schools; the qualification obtained by passing such an exam


lexentry: eng/A_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A major
trans_list: A-dur
sense:
(music) The major key with A as its tonic, with the notes A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯, the key signature of which has three sharps.


lexentry: eng/Aar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aar
trans_list: Aara
sense:
A river in Switzerland, flowing 292 km from the glaciers of the Bernese Alps into the Rhine at Koblenz, on the Swiss–German border.


lexentry: eng/Aar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aar
trans_list: Aara
sense:
A river in Germany that flows 50 km from the Taunus in Hesse into the Lahn at Diez, Rhineland-Palatinate.


lexentry: eng/Aarau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aarau
trans_list: Aarau
sense:
A municipality and town, the capital of Aargau canton, in northern Switzerland; capital of the Helvetic Republic between 1798 and 1803.


lexentry: eng/Aaron's_beard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aaron's beard
trans_list: Aronowa broda
sense:
A common name for several plants that have tufts of stamens. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Aaron's_rod__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Aaron's rod
trans_list: obrazki
sense:
(archaic) A rod with one serpent twined around it, as used by Aaron (differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two serpents).


lexentry: eng/Abaza__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abaza
trans_list: abaza | abazyjski | abazyński
sense:
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in the Russian autonomous republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, in the Caucasus Mountains, as well as in Turkey. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Abba__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abba
trans_list: ojciec
sense:
(Christianity) Father, an honorific title given to God in the New Testament, especially used in prayers. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/Abbasid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abbasid
trans_list: abbasyd
sense:
(historical) A member of the dynasty of caliphs that ruled from Baghdad, from about 750 to 1250, claiming ancestry of Abbas.


lexentry: eng/Abecedarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abecedarian
trans_list: abecadlarz
sense:
(historical) A member of a 16th-century Anabaptist sect, follower of the Zwickau prophets (and specially of Thomas Storch), who believed that any kind of knowledge (even basic reading and writing) would keep one from reaching obtaining salvation. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Abiturient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abiturient
trans_list: abiturient
sense:
A pupil / student in the German education system who is taking, or who has taken and passed, the Abitur. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Abkhaz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abkhaz
trans_list: Abchaz | Abchazka
sense:
An Abkhazian; a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, a region just east of the Black Sea. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Abkhazia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abkhazia
trans_list: Abchazja
sense:
A region and de-facto independent but largely unrecognized country on the coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus, which considers itself an independent state called the Republic of Abkhazia; considered part of Georgia's territory by the Georgian government and the vast majority of the international community.


lexentry: eng/Aboriginal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aboriginal
trans_list: aborygeński
sense:
Of or pertaining to Australian Aboriginal peoples, or their languages. [First attested in the 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Aboriginal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aboriginal
trans_list: Aborygen | Aborygenka
sense:
(potentially offensive) An Aboriginal inhabitant of Australia or other land. [First attested in the 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Aborigine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aborigine
trans_list: Aborygen
sense:
(dated, now, offensive) An Aboriginal person from Australia (descending from, or a member of, one of the indigenous people(s) before British colonisation), Aboriginal Australian.


lexentry: eng/Abraham's_bosom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abraham's bosom
trans_list: łono Abrahama
sense:
(Christianity) The waiting place for the faithful dead between the crucifixion and the resurrection of Christ; paradise. [First attested prior to 1150.]


lexentry: eng/Abraham__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abraham
trans_list: Abraham
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i) A prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar. [First attested prior to 1150.]


lexentry: eng/Abrahamite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abrahamite
trans_list: Abrahamita
sense:
(historical) A member of a sect of deists in Bohemia in the 18th century, professing to be followers of the pre-circumcised Abraham.


lexentry: eng/Abuja__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abuja
trans_list: Abudża
sense:
The capital city of Nigeria; lying in the Federal Capital Territory in the North Central geopolitical zone.


lexentry: eng/Abyssinia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abyssinia
trans_list: Abisynia
sense:
(historical) The Ethiopian Empire, a former empire in East Africa, consisting of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea.


lexentry: eng/Abyssinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abyssinian
trans_list: abisyński
sense:
(dated, usually, _, capitalized) Of or pertaining to Ethiopia or its inhabitants; Ethiopian. [First attested in the late 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/Abyssinian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abyssinian
trans_list: abisynka | abisyńczyk | kot abisyński
sense:
A short-haired domestic cat descended from cats of ancient Egypt making it one of the oldest breeds in the world; Abyssinian cat. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Acadia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acadia
trans_list: Akadia
sense:
(history) A colonial territory owned by France in the 17th and early 18th centuries, spanning over what are now the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island) and part of the state of Maine in the USA.


lexentry: eng/Achaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achaea
trans_list: Achaja
sense:
An ancient region in the northern part of the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece, occupying the coastal strip north of Arcadia, contanining mostly mountains.


lexentry: eng/Achaean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achaean
trans_list: Achaj
sense:
An inhabitant or resident of Achaea, especially a member of an ancient Hellenic tribe that inhabited the region of Achaea.


lexentry: eng/Achaemenid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achaemenid
trans_list: achemenidzki
sense:
Relating to the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE (the Achaemenid Empire), founded by Achaemenes.


lexentry: eng/Achilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achilles
trans_list: Achilles | Achil
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.


lexentry: eng/Achilles_tendon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achilles tendon
trans_list: ścięgno Achillesa
sense:
(anatomy) The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, and inserted into the bone of the heel.


lexentry: eng/Acmeism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acmeism
trans_list: akmeizm
sense:
A literary movement in early twentieth-century Russia, reacting against symbolism and concerned with greater immediacy in poetic language.


lexentry: eng/Adam's_apple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adam's apple
trans_list: grdyka | jabłko Adama
sense:
(anatomy) The lump in the throat, usually more noticeable in men than in women; the laryngeal prominence.


lexentry: eng/Adjara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adjara
trans_list: Adżaria
sense:
An autonomous republic of Georgia located in its southwestern corner, bordered by Turkey to the south and by the Black Sea to the west. Predominantly populated by Muslim Georgians. Capital: Batumi.


lexentry: eng/Adriatic_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adriatic Sea
trans_list: Morze Adriatyckie
sense:
A sea and arm of the Mediterranean Sea, stretching north from the Ionian Sea to Venice, separating the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas.


lexentry: eng/Advaita__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advaita
trans_list: adwaita | adwajta
sense:
(Hinduism) A Sanskrit philosophical term that may be literally rendered in English as nonduality: denoting that though differences and variegation appear in the human condition they are unreal or illusory and are not ultimately true.


lexentry: eng/Advent_Sunday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advent Sunday
trans_list: niedziela adwentu
sense:
The fourth Sunday before Christmas Day, the start of Advent: 30 November (Saint Andrew's Day) or the nearest Sunday to it.


lexentry: eng/Advent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Advent
trans_list: adwent
sense:
(Christianity) The period or season of the Christian church year between Advent Sunday and Christmas.


lexentry: eng/Advent_calendar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advent calendar
trans_list: kalendarz adwentowy
sense:
A calendar used to count down the days of Advent, having windows revealing a hidden picture or gift on each day.


lexentry: eng/Advent_wreath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advent wreath
trans_list: wieniec adwentowy
sense:
(Christianity) A usually evergreen wreath adorned with four (or sometimes five) candles, the first of which is lit on Advent Sunday, followed by the lighting of an additional candle on each subsequent Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Adventist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adventist
trans_list: adwentysta | adwentystka
sense:
One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second Coming) of Jesus; an advocate of Adventism.


lexentry: eng/Aeneid__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeneid
trans_list: Eneida
sense:
A classic epic poem, written in Latin by Virgil in the 1st century BCE (between 29 and 19 BCE), that tells the legendary story of Aeneas fleeing Troy and settling in Italy as ancestor of the Romans.


lexentry: eng/Aeolus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeolus
trans_list: Eol
sense:
(Greek god) The name of a number of characters in Greek mythology, including the founder of the Aeolian race, and a god with power over wind.


lexentry: eng/Aeschines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeschines
trans_list: Ajschines
sense:
(Ancient Greece) A celebrated Greek statesman and orator (389–314 B.C.E.; full name Αἰσχίνης Ἀτρομήτου Κοθωκίδης, Aeschines Atrometi f. Cothocides), one the Canon of Ten Attic Orators.


lexentry: eng/Aeschylus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeschylus
trans_list: Ajschylos
sense:
A Greek dramatic poet (525 BCE—456 BCE); Aeschylus was the earliest of the three greatest Greek tragedians.


lexentry: eng/Aesculapian_snake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aesculapian snake
trans_list: wąż Eskulapa
sense:
A European species of nonvenomous snake, Zamenis longissimus, syn. Coluber longissimus, associated with Aesculapius in Ancient Greek mythology.


lexentry: eng/Aether__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aether
trans_list: Ajter | Eter
sense:
(Greek god) One of the Greek primordial deities who was the personification of light, brother-husband of Hemera and grandson of Chaos.


lexentry: eng/Aetna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aetna
trans_list: Ajtne
sense:
(Greek mythology, and, Roman mythology) A nymph in Sicily who, according to legend, gave her name to the volcanic Mount Etna.


lexentry: eng/Aetolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aetolia
trans_list: Etolia
sense:
A mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania.


lexentry: eng/Afghanistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afghanistan
trans_list: Afganistan
sense:
A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia. Official name: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Capital and largest city: Kabul.


lexentry: eng/Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Africa
trans_list: Afryka
sense:
The continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica.


lexentry: eng/African_hunting_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: African hunting dog
trans_list: likaon | likaon pstry
sense:
A wild canid, Lycaon pictus, typically black, white and tan, found in Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa.


lexentry: eng/African_violet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: African violet
trans_list: sępolia
sense:
Any perennial plant of section Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia (formerly genus Saintpaulia), especially Streptocarpus ionantha, with fine haired round leaves and velvety petals.


lexentry: eng/Afrikaans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afrikaans
trans_list: afrikaans | afrykanerski
sense:
A Germanic language descending from Dutch; the primary language of the descendants of Dutch and other European settlers, as well as many mixed-race (e.g. Rehoboth Basters) living in South Africa and in Namibia. Also, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and until 1990 one of three official languages of Namibia.


lexentry: eng/Afrikaner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afrikaner
trans_list: Afrykaner | Afrykanerka
sense:
A member of an ethnic group of northwestern European ancestry and associated with southern Africa and the Afrikaans language.


lexentry: eng/Afroasiatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afroasiatic
trans_list: afroazjatycki
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or being a language family spoken in northern Africa and southwest Asia, and including Semitic, Egyptian, Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, and possibly Omotic languages.


lexentry: eng/Agamemnon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Agamemnon
trans_list: Agamemnon
sense:
(Greek mythology) One of the most distinguished heroes of Greek mythology. He is the son of King Atreus of Mycenae and Queen Aerope and the brother of Menelaus. He is famous for rallying the Greeks in the Trojan War, yet infamous for the sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia at the commencement of the war.


lexentry: eng/Age_of_Enlightenment__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Age of Enlightenment
trans_list: Oświecenie | oświecenie
sense:
(historical period) A period of time ranging from part of the 17th century through much of the 18th century, characterized particularly by the importance of logic and reason.


lexentry: eng/Agnus_Dei__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Agnus Dei
trans_list: Baranek Boży
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, heraldiccharge) A small model, picture, or heraldic representation of a lamb with a cross and sometimes a flag (usually white with a red cross).


lexentry: eng/Ahmadi__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ahmadi
trans_list: Ahmadi
sense:
A follower of the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (a new religious movement based on Twelver Shia Islam).


lexentry: eng/Ainu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ainu
trans_list: ajnuski
sense:
The endangered language spoken by the Ainu ethnic group, generally considered a language isolate with no known relation to other languages.


lexentry: eng/Aion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aion
trans_list: Aion
sense:
(Greek god) A Hellenistic deity associated with time, the orb or circle encompassing the universe, and the zodiac.


lexentry: eng/Akkadian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Akkadian
trans_list: akadyjski
sense:
The now extinct Semitic language of ancient Mesopotamia, formerly used as an international language of diplomacy.


lexentry: eng/Al_Jazeera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Al Jazeera
trans_list: Al-Dżazira
sense:
A group of satellite television channels from Qatar. Two channels broadcast news in English and in Arabic, with other children’s and sport channels in Arabic.


lexentry: eng/Alanic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alanic
trans_list: alański
sense:
of or pertaining to Alans—an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity and middle ages—or their language


lexentry: eng/Alaska__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alaska
trans_list: Alaska
sense:
A state of the United States, formerly a territory. Capital: Juneau. Postal code: AK, largest city: Anchorage.


lexentry: eng/Alaska_pollock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alaska pollock
trans_list: mintaj
sense:
A semipelagic schooling fish, Gadus chalcogrammus (syn. Theragra chalcogramma), widely distributed in the North Pacific with largest concentrations found in the eastern Bering Sea.


lexentry: eng/Alazani__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alazani
trans_list: Alazani
sense:
A river that flows for 351km, from its headwaters to the south of the main ridge of the Greater Caucasus in the north-west of Georgia’s Akhmeta municipality, through the Caucasus, until it feeds into the River Kura at Azerbaijan’s Mingachevir Reservoir.


lexentry: eng/Albania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Albania
trans_list: Albania
sense:
A country in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Albania. Capital and largest city: Tirana.


lexentry: eng/Albanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Albanian
trans_list: albański
sense:
The languages spoken by the Albanian people, primarily spoken in Albania and Kosovo. (ISO 639 language codes: sq/sqi/alb (Albanian), als (Tosk), aln (Gheg), aat (Arvanitika), aae (Arbëresh).)


lexentry: eng/Albany__Proper_noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Albany
trans_list: Albany
sense:
The capital city of the state of New York in the United States, and the county seat of Albany County.


lexentry: eng/Alcaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcaic
trans_list: alcejski
sense:
Pertaining to Alcaeus, a Greek lyric poet of around 600 BC; especially, of a verse meter in a four-line stanza which he supposedly invented.


lexentry: eng/Alcibiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcibiades
trans_list: Alkibiades | Alcybiades
sense:
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Alcibiades (450–404 B.C.), a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general.


lexentry: eng/Alcmene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcmene
trans_list: Alkmena
sense:
(Greek mythology) Descendant of Perseus and Andromeda, the wife of Amphitryon, and mother, by Zeus, of Heracles/Hercules.


lexentry: eng/Alcoholics_Anonymous__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcoholics Anonymous
trans_list: Anonimowi Alkoholicy
sense:
A self-supporting organization of alcoholic people, which proves mutual support to obtain and maintain sobriety.


lexentry: eng/Aldebaran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aldebaran
trans_list: Aldebaran
sense:
(star) One of the brightest stars in the sky, now recognised to be a binary star in the constellation Taurus (alpha (α) Tauri); an orange giant, 68 light years from Earth. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/Alectryon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alectryon
trans_list: Alektryon
sense:
(Greek mythology) A youth charged by Ares to stand guard outside his door while the god indulged in illicit love with Aphrodite. He fell asleep and was transformed into a rooster as punishment.


lexentry: eng/Alemannic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alemannic
trans_list: alemański
sense:
A language or dialect group, belonging to the High German dialects, spoken in certain parts of South Germany, in Alsace (France), Vorarlberg (Austria), Switzerland and Liechtenstein.


lexentry: eng/Aleut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aleut
trans_list: Aleuta | Aleutka
sense:
A member of the indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska in the United States and of Kamchatka Krai in the Russia.


lexentry: eng/Aleutian_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aleutian Islands
trans_list: Aleuty
sense:
An archipelago of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, between Alaska and the Kamchatka Peninsula of Asia; part of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Alexander_the_Great__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alexander the Great
trans_list: Aleksander Wielki | Aleksander Macedoński
sense:
(356–323 BCE) A king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia.


lexentry: eng/Algeria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Algeria
trans_list: Algieria
sense:
A country in North Africa. Official name: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. Capital and largest city: Algiers.


lexentry: eng/Algic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Algic
trans_list: algijski
sense:
An indigenous language family of North America, comprising Wiyot, Yurok, and many Algonquian languages.


lexentry: eng/Ali_Baba__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Ali Baba
trans_list: Ali Baba
sense:
(mostly, attributive) A large container, such as a jar or a basket, with a flat base and usually a rounded body that tapers to a narrower neck.


lexentry: eng/All_Saints'_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: All Saints' Day
trans_list: Wszystkich Świętych
sense:
(Christianity) In Christian tradition, the annual feast day celebrating the life of all saints, taking place on the first day of November, or (in the Greek church) on the first Sunday after Pentecost.


lexentry: eng/All_Souls'_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: All Souls' Day
trans_list: Dzień Zaduszny | Zaduszki
sense:
(Christianity) An annual feast day celebrating the faithful departed on the second day of November, immediately following All Saints' Day.


lexentry: eng/Allahu_akbar__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Allahu akbar
trans_list: Allach akbar | Allachu akbar
sense:
(Islam) "God is most great"; the Muslim takbir, or liturgical proclamation, used to accept sovereignty of God and as a common form of thanksgiving. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Allies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Allies
trans_list: aliant
sense:
The countries allied against the Axis Powers during World War II. The major signatories included the United Kingdom, Soviet Union, United States, and China.


lexentry: eng/Allies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Allies
trans_list: aliant
sense:
The countries allied against the Central Powers during World War I, including especially the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, and France.


lexentry: eng/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
trans_list: Alpy Górnej Prowansji
sense:
One of the départements in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. Capital: Digne-les-Bains (INSEE code 04).


lexentry: eng/Alpha_Centauri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alpha Centauri
trans_list: Alfa Centauri
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is actually a binary star with Proxima Centauri as a third component.


lexentry: eng/Alps__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alps
trans_list: Alpy
sense:
(usually, with "the") A mountain range in Western Europe, running from France to Slovenia, the highest peak of which is Mont Blanc, at 4808 metres.


lexentry: eng/Alsace__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alsace
trans_list: Alzacja
sense:
A region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est. It has changed hands between France and Germany several times throughout history.


lexentry: eng/Altaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Altaic
trans_list: ałtajski
sense:
Of or pertaining to a grouping of languages (formerly proposed to be a language family, now generally considered a sprachbund by linguists) that includes the Turkic languages (e.g. Turkish), the Mongolic (e.g. Mongolian) and Tungusic (e.g. Xibe) languages, and less often the Japonic and Koreanic languages.


lexentry: eng/Altair__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Altair
trans_list: Altair
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Aquila; Alpha (α) Aquilae. It is the twelfth brightest star in the sky, and forms one corner of the Summer Triangle.


lexentry: eng/Alzheimer's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alzheimer's disease
trans_list: alzheimer | choroba Alzheimera
sense:
(neurology, disease) A disorder involving loss of mental functions resulting from brain tissue changes; senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.


lexentry: eng/Amalthea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amalthea
trans_list: Amalteja
sense:
(Greek mythology) The most frequently mentioned foster mother of Zeus, sometimes represented as the goat who suckled the infant-god in a mountain cave, sometimes as a goat-tending nymph.


lexentry: eng/Amaterasu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amaterasu
trans_list: Amaterasu
sense:
(Japanese god, Shinto) The Japanese sun goddess, and most important Shinto deity; she is the daughter of Izanagi and Izanami and the sister of Susanoo, Tsukuyomi, Ōyamatsumi, and Kagutsuchi.


lexentry: eng/Amazon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Amazon
trans_list: Amazonka
sense:
(sometimes, attributive) A region including much of this river; specifically, the region of the Amazon Rainforest, or of the Amazon River Basin.


lexentry: eng/Amazon_lily__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Amazon lily
trans_list: wiktoria królewska
sense:
A giant water lily, Victoria amazonica, with circular leaves of up to 8 feet in diameter having large white female flowers that bloom at night, and change to pink male ones the next night.


lexentry: eng/American_Civil_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American Civil War
trans_list: wojna secesyjna
sense:
A war fought in the United States between 1861 and 1865, between the Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederacy).


lexentry: eng/American_Dream__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: American Dream
trans_list: amerykański sen
sense:
(idiomatic) A philosophy that with perseverance, courage and determination, anyone can prosper and achieve success.


lexentry: eng/American_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American English
trans_list: amerykański | amerykański angielski | amerykańszczyzna
sense:
The form of the English language that is chiefly used in the United States, contrasted with British English or Canadian English and that of other places.


lexentry: eng/American_Samoa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American Samoa
trans_list: Samoa Amerykańskie
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Territory of American Samoa. It is distinct from Samoa (formerly: Western Samoa).


lexentry: eng/American__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: American
trans_list: amerykański
sense:
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian and Native American, of, from, or pertaining to the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas.


lexentry: eng/American__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: American
trans_list: Amerykanin | Amerykanka
sense:
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian or Native American, an indigenous inhabitant of the Americas. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/American_bittern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American bittern
trans_list: bąk amerykański
sense:
A medium-sized bittern most commonly found in North America, Botaurus lentiginosus, known for its resounding calls.


lexentry: eng/American_cocker_spaniel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American cocker spaniel
trans_list: Cocker spaniel amerykański
sense:
A sporting dog of a breed ranging between 18 and 30 lbs., originally bred in Britain as the English cocker spaniel for the sport of cocking, or bird hunting. Breed divided by colors: black, sable, parti, tri, and ASCOB.


lexentry: eng/American_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American football
trans_list: futbol amerykański | futbol
sense:
A game similar to rugby football played on a field of 100 yards long and 53 1/3 yards wide (with two 10 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 11 players attempt to get an ovoid ball into each other's territory.


lexentry: eng/American_foulbrood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American foulbrood
trans_list: zgnilec amerykański
sense:
A highly contagious and destructive disease of bees caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae.


lexentry: eng/American_lion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: American lion
trans_list: puma
sense:
An extinct lion of subspecies †Panthera leo atrox or species †Panthera atrox, endemic to North America and northwestern South America during the Pleistocene epoch.


lexentry: eng/American_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American studies
trans_list: amerykanistyka
sense:
(humanities) an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of the Americas, with a historical emphasis upon the United States, It traditionally incorporating the study of history, literature, and critical theory, but also includes fields as diverse as law, art, the media, film, religious studies, urban studies, women's studies, gender studies, anthropology, sociology, foreign policy and culture of the United States, among others


lexentry: eng/Americana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Americana
trans_list: amerykańszczyzna
sense:
All things peculiar to the United States' culture and people, anything that is a symbol of American life.


lexentry: eng/Americanize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Americanize
trans_list: amerykanizować | zamerykanizować
sense:
(US, Canada) To render American; to adapt to the custom, culture, or style of the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/Americas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Americas
trans_list: Ameryka
sense:
North America and South America taken together; that is, North America, Central America, and South America taken together.


lexentry: eng/Amu_Darya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amu Darya
trans_list: Amu-daria
sense:
A major river in Central Asia flowing across the border of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan parallel to Syr Darya and into the Aral Sea. Known in classical times as Oxus.


lexentry: eng/Amun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amun
trans_list: Amon
sense:
(Egyptian god) An Egyptian wind deity associated with the town of Thebes; later (post-16th century BCE) the creator deity, often depicted with curling ram horns.


lexentry: eng/Amur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amur
trans_list: Amur
sense:
The world's ninth-longest river, forming part of the border between the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin.


lexentry: eng/Anabaptist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anabaptist
trans_list: anabaptysta | anabaptystka
sense:
A member of a radical wing of Christians during the Protestant Reformation, with a tenet of adult baptism.


lexentry: eng/Anansi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anansi
trans_list: Anansi
sense:
A trickster spider (though sometimes taking human form), one of the primary characters in West African and Caribbean folklore.


lexentry: eng/Anatolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anatolia
trans_list: Anatolia
sense:
A peninsula in Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. Bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highland to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west.


lexentry: eng/Ancien_Régime__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancien Régime
trans_list: Ancien Régime
sense:
(historical) The aristocratic social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, overthrown by the French Revolution of 1789.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Greece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ancient Greece
trans_list: Starożytna Grecja
sense:
The civilization that flourished around the Mediterranean Sea from the 3rd millennium to the 1st century BCE (including the first two European civilizations, Minoan and Mycenaean), known as the cradle of Western civilization.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancient Greek
trans_list: starożytna greka | starogrecki
sense:
Any of the various forms of the Greek language of classical antiquity, particularly the classical Attic dialect used in Athenian literature.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Rome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancient Rome
trans_list: Starożytny Rzym
sense:
The civilization associated with Rome from the 9th century BCE to the 5th century C.E. and the Roman Empire centered on it.


lexentry: eng/Andalusia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Andalusia
trans_list: Andaluzja
sense:
The most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain, whose capital is Seville.


lexentry: eng/Andaman_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andaman Sea
trans_list: Morze Andamańskie
sense:
Part of the Indian Ocean, to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Burma (Myanmar), west of Thailand, north-west of the Malay Peninsula, north of Sumatra, and east of the Andaman Islands.


lexentry: eng/Anderson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Anderson
trans_list: Andrzejewicz
sense:
A town, the county seat of Grimes County, Texas; named for Kenneth Lewis Anderson, 4th Vice President of the Republic of Texas.


lexentry: eng/Andorra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andorra
trans_list: Andora
sense:
A microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France. Official name: Principality of Andorra. Capital and largest city: Andorra la Vella.


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromeda
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of Eritrea, rescued from her sacrifice to the sea monster Cetus by Perseus, who married her; mother of Perses, ancient king of Persia.


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromeda
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky representing the "chained woman" Andromeda in Greek mythology, which is surrounded by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Perseus, and Pegasus, among others.


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromeda
sense:
(galaxy) The nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, located within the Andromeda constellation (see Andromeda Galaxy); M31.


lexentry: eng/Andøya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andøya
trans_list: Andøya
sense:
An island in Andøy, Vesterålen district, Nordland, Norway, the largest island of the Vesterålen archipelago


lexentry: eng/Angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Angle
trans_list: Angl
sense:
(historical) A member of a Germanic tribe first mentioned by Tacitus, one of several which invaded Britain and merged to become the Anglo-Saxons; an Anglian.


lexentry: eng/Anglican_Communion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglican Communion
trans_list: Wspólnota Anglikańska
sense:
A worldwide network of Churches that are are in communion with the Church of England as represented by the Archbishop of Canterbury.


lexentry: eng/Anglican__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglican
trans_list: anglikański
sense:
Relating to the Church of England, or one of several related churches, such as those in the Anglican Communion.


lexentry: eng/Anglo-America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglo-America
trans_list: Angloameryka
sense:
A region in the Americas in which English is a main language, including for example the United States and Canada.


lexentry: eng/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
trans_list: Sudan Anglo-Egipski
sense:
Sudan, during the time when it was ruled jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, from 1899 until Sudan became independent in 1956.


lexentry: eng/Anicetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anicetus
trans_list: Anicet
sense:
(Greek god) One of the twin sons of Heracles and Hebe, his twin brother is Alexiares. Along with their father, Anicetus and Alexiares are the guardians and gatekeepers of the gates of Mount Olympus.


lexentry: eng/Annas__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Annas
trans_list: Annasz
sense:
(biblical) A Jewish high priest known for having four sons and a son-in-law (Caiaphas) succeed him in his lifetime; and for cooperating with Caiaphas to have Jesus Christ crucified.


lexentry: eng/Annunciation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Annunciation
trans_list: Zwiastowanie
sense:
(Christianity) The announcement by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would give birth to a son, namely Jesus. Celebrated on 25th March.


lexentry: eng/Anointing_of_the_Sick__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anointing of the Sick
trans_list: namaszczenie chorych | ostatnie namaszczenie
sense:
A Catholic sacrament in which a priest anoints a sick or dying person with oil and prays for his salvation.


lexentry: eng/Anschluss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anschluss
trans_list: Anschluss | anszlus
sense:
(historical) Political annexation, specifically that of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938. [from 1920s]


lexentry: eng/Antarctic_Circle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antarctic Circle
trans_list: koło podbiegunowe południowe
sense:
(geography) The line which marks approximately the northernmost place in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.


lexentry: eng/Antarctic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antarctic
trans_list: Antarktyka
sense:
One of the major ecozones of the world, covering the south polar regions. Especially those south of the Antarctic Convergence or the 60th parallel south (everywhere south of this parallel being administered by the Antarctic Treaty System).


lexentry: eng/Antares__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antares
trans_list: Antares
sense:
(star) Alpha Scorpii (α Sco), the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius. It is a M type red giant, and is a binary with a B type companion visible in greenish.


lexentry: eng/Anthropocene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anthropocene
trans_list: antropocen
sense:
(geology, formal, strictly) A proposed but rejected geological epoch, in which the effect of human activities on the global environment has disrupted the natural variability of the Holocene, ending the Holocene. (It was rejected as formal scientific nomenclature in 2024 owing to not meeting a bar for how a geological epoch is formally defined.) [from 1960s]


lexentry: eng/Antichrist__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antichrist
trans_list: Antychryst
sense:
(Christianity, Islam) A false messiah who, under direct control of the Devil, will usher in the abomination in the end times; a false prophet.


lexentry: eng/Antilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antilles
trans_list: Antyle
sense:
The islands of the West Indies, bounded to the north by (and including) the islands of Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, in the Caribbean Sea.


lexentry: eng/Antlia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antlia
trans_list: Pompa
sense:
(constellation) A faint winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pump. The common English name is "Air pump".


lexentry: eng/Anubis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anubis
trans_list: Anubis
sense:
(Egyptian god) In the mythology of ancient Egypt, the god of the dead and tombs, commonly depicted with the head of a jackal.


lexentry: eng/Anzac_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anzac Day
trans_list: dzień
sense:
April 25, a public holiday in Australia and New Zealand that originally commemorated the sacrifices made by members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli against the Ottoman Empire during World War I, and now honours people from those countries who have served in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations.


lexentry: eng/Apache__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apache
trans_list: Apacze
sense:
Any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e., Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.


lexentry: eng/Apennines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apennines
trans_list: Apeniny
sense:
A mountain range in Italy, stretching 1,200 km from the north to the south of the country, along its east coast, traversing the entire Apennine Peninsula, and often called the "spine of Italy".


lexentry: eng/Aphrodite__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aphrodite
trans_list: Afrodyta
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of beauty and love, born when Cronus castrated his father, Uranus, and threw his genitalia into the sea. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.


lexentry: eng/Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apocalypse
trans_list: apokalipsa | Apokalipsa Świętego Jana
sense:
(countable, biblical) The written account of a revelation of hidden things given by God to a chosen prophet.


lexentry: eng/Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Apocalypse
trans_list: Apokalipsa | Apokalipsa Świętego Jana
sense:
(Christianity) Revelation (last book of the Bible, composed of twenty-two chapters, which narrates the end of times)


lexentry: eng/Apocrypha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apocrypha
trans_list: apokryf
sense:
That group of works which formed part of the Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews, and which is considered by some Christians to form an authentic part of Scripture, but which is rejected by others (namely by Protestants).


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollo
sense:
(astronomy) An asteroid possessing an orbit that crosses the orbit of the Earth and an orbital period of over one year, with semimajor axes greater than 1 AU, and perihelion distances less than 1.017 AU.


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollo
sense:
(Greek god, Roman god) The son of Zeus and Leto (or Jupiter and Latona), and the twin brother of Artemis (or Diana). He was the god of light, music, medicine, and poetry; and prophecy, dance, manly beauty, and more.


lexentry: eng/Apostle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apostle
trans_list: apostoł
sense:
(Christianity) Any of the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach and spread the Gospel.


lexentry: eng/Apostles'_Creed__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apostles' Creed
trans_list: Skład Apostolski | Symbol Apostolski
sense:
(Christianity) A statement of Christian belief, traditionally ascribed to the twelve Apostles of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Appalachians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Appalachians
trans_list: Appalachy
sense:
A range of mountains in eastern North America, running northeast from Alabama in the United States to Newfoundland in Canada, variously including or excluding the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York.


lexentry: eng/April__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: April
trans_list: kwiecień
sense:
The fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, following March and preceding May. Abbreviation: Apr or Apr.


lexentry: eng/Aquarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aquarius
trans_list: Wodnik
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the water carrier, ruled by Uranus covering January 20 – February 18 (tropical astrology) or February 15 – March 14 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Aquila__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aquila
trans_list: Orzeł
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an eagle. It includes the star Altair.


lexentry: eng/Arab_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arab World
trans_list: świat arabski
sense:
(as a minimum) Those Arabic-speaking independent states where Arabic is the main official and spoken language.


lexentry: eng/Arabia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabia
trans_list: Półwysep Arabski
sense:
A peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates.


lexentry: eng/Arabia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arabia
trans_list: Arabia
sense:
(broader sense) The region within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates.


lexentry: eng/Arabian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabian Peninsula
trans_list: Półwysep Arabski
sense:
A peninsula in the Middle East, bordered by Jordan, the Syrian desert and Iraq to the north, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Gulf of Oman to the east, the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean) to the south (southeast), the Gulf of Aden to the south, the Red Sea to the west (southwest) extending north into the Gulf of Aqaba, and north along the Red Sea Rift to the Mediterranean Sea on the west (northwest). It consists mainly of Saudi Arabia, and may be geologically defined as the Arabian plate, also as the Arabian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Arabian_jasmine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabian jasmine
trans_list: dzielżamin wielkolistny | jaśmin sambac | jaśmin sambak | jaśmin wielkolistny
sense:
A shrubby vine with flowers whose fragrance is used for perfume and flavoring (Jasminum sambac), the jasmine used to make jasmine tea.


lexentry: eng/Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arabic
trans_list: arabski | arabszczyzna
sense:
The Aramaic-derived alphabet used to write the Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, and Uyghur languages, among others.


lexentry: eng/Arabist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabist
trans_list: arabista | arabistka
sense:
(anthropology, linguistics) A scholar who studies Arab or Arabic culture, politics, or language. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Aral_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aral Sea
trans_list: Jezioro Aralskie
sense:
A saline lake, straddling the Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan border, that was once large, but shrank to a quarter of its original size after the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, which previously flowed into it, were diverted for irrigation purposes during the Soviet era.


lexentry: eng/Aramaean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aramaean
trans_list: Aramejczyk
sense:
Any member of a West Semitic semi-nomadic and pastoralist people who lived in the Levant and later also in upper Mesopotamia (Biblical Aram) during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke Aramaic.


lexentry: eng/Ararat__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ararat
trans_list: Ararat
sense:
Mount Ararat, the tallest mountain of Turkey and of the entire Armenian Highland. In Armenian antiquity known as Masis, it became associated with the Biblical "Mountains of Ararat" (Genesis 8:4) at some point during the Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Aratus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aratus
trans_list: Aratos
sense:
(Greek god) A healer and a son of Asclepius and his lover, Aristodama, and the paternal halfbrother of Aceso, Aglaea, Hygieia, Iaso, Meditrina, Panacea, Machaon, Podaleirios, Telesphoros.


lexentry: eng/Arc_de_Triomphe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arc de Triomphe
trans_list: Łuk Triumfalny
sense:
A war monument in Paris, France, designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, started in 1808 and inaugurated in 1836.


lexentry: eng/Archimedes'_screw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Archimedes' screw
trans_list: śruba Archimedesa
sense:
(engineering) A screwlike device invented by Greek mathematician Archimedes, ca. 200 B.C.E., which when twisted inside a cylinder, raises water from a lower level to a higher level, allowing irrigation of fields.


lexentry: eng/Arctic_Ocean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arctic Ocean
trans_list: Ocean Arktyczny
sense:
The smallest of the five oceans of the Earth, on and around the North Pole, bordered by the three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.


lexentry: eng/Arctic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arctic
trans_list: arktyczny
sense:
(geography) Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arctic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Arctic
trans_list: arktyczny
sense:
Extremely cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the Arctic. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arctic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arctic
trans_list: Arktyka
sense:
(geography) The region of the Earth above the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arctic_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arctic warbler
trans_list: świstunka północna
sense:
Phylloscopus borealis, a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and northern Asia


lexentry: eng/Arcturus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arcturus
trans_list: Arktur
sense:
(star) A bright yellow-orange star in the constellation Boötes; Alpha (α) Boötis. It is the fourth-brightest star in the night sky.


lexentry: eng/Area_51__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Area 51
trans_list: Strefa 51
sense:
(scifi, or, ufology, informal) A secret military facility, airport, and airbase in Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada, United States. It is the subject of conspiracy theories claiming it is where the US government hides extra-planetary alien visitors.


lexentry: eng/Ares__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ares
trans_list: Ares
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek god of war, considered equivalent to the Roman Mars and usually described as a son of Zeus and Hera, companion of Eris and Enyo, and by Aphrodite father of Deimos and Phobos.


lexentry: eng/Argand_lamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argand lamp
trans_list: kinkiet
sense:
(now, historical) A type of oil lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame.


lexentry: eng/Argo_Navis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argo Navis
trans_list: Okręt Argo
sense:
(constellation) : A former constellation of the southern sky, said to represent the mythical ship Argo. In 1763, it was divided into the three new constellations: Carina (keel), Puppis (stern), and Vela (sail).


lexentry: eng/Argo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argo
trans_list: Argo
sense:
(Greek mythology) The ship in which Jason and the Argonauts sailed on their quest for the Golden Fleece.


lexentry: eng/Argonaut__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argonaut
trans_list: Argonauta
sense:
(Greek mythology) One of the members of the Argo who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece.


lexentry: eng/Argus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argus
trans_list: Argus
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythical being, also called Argos or Argus Panoptes, with many eyes, a watchman who served Hera; his eyes were later transplanted to the peacock's tail.


lexentry: eng/Arian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arian
trans_list: arianin | arianka
sense:
(Christianity) A believer of Arianism, particularly (historical) the official Arian churches lasting to the 7th century.


lexentry: eng/Arianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arianism
trans_list: arianizm | antytrynitaryzm | ariaństwo
sense:
(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, condemned as heretical by the Council of Nicaea, which holds that Jesus was created by God, rather than being God himself.


lexentry: eng/Aries__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aries
trans_list: Baran
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the ram, ruled by Mars and covering March 20 – April 20 (tropical astrology) or April 15 – May 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Aristophanes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aristophanes
trans_list: Arystofanes
sense:
An Ancient Greek male name, most famously borne by a playwright who lived from circa 446 BC to circa 386 BC.


lexentry: eng/Aristotelian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aristotelian
trans_list: arystotelik
sense:
A disciple of Aristotle (for ancient Greek disciples, see peripatetic; for medieval Christian ones, see scholastic).


lexentry: eng/Aristotle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aristotle
trans_list: Arystoteles
sense:
An ancient Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist (382–322 BCE), student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.


lexentry: eng/Arizona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arizona
trans_list: Arizona
sense:
(historical) A territory of the southwest Confederate (1862–1865) and United States of America (1863–1912), with its capitals at Tucson, Prescott, and Phoenix.


lexentry: eng/Ark_of_the_Covenant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ark of the Covenant
trans_list: Arka Przymierza
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) The sacred container, a gold-plated wooden chest, of the two tablets of law (the Ten Commandments) given to Moses by the Hebrew God.


lexentry: eng/Armageddon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armageddon
trans_list: Armagedon
sense:
(Christianity, Islam) Mount Megiddo, the site of a prophesied final battle between the forces of good and evil.


lexentry: eng/Armenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenia
trans_list: Armenia
sense:
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the Armenian Highland southeast of Black Sea and southwest of Caspian Sea; area now divided between Turkey, Republic of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_Highland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian Highland
trans_list: Wyżyna Armeńska
sense:
A plateau in the north of Western Asia, connecting the Lesser Caucasus with the Taurus Mountains. Total area: about 400,000 km². Average elevation: 1500 to 2000 metres, highest point: Mount Ararat. The area lies mostly in eastern Turkey; also includes the whole of modern Armenia, southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran, Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian SSR
trans_list: Armeńska SSR
sense:
One of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics that made up the former Soviet Union (1920-1991, name changed in 1990). Became independent as the Republic of Armenia in 1991, after the collapse of the USSR.


lexentry: eng/Armenian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian
trans_list: ormiański | armeński
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, the Armenian people, the Armenian language, or the Armenian alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Armenian
trans_list: ormiański | armeński
sense:
(uncountable) A branch of Indo-European languages, which includes the various stages of the Armenian language.


lexentry: eng/Arminian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arminian
trans_list: arminianin
sense:
(Protestantism) A person who follows the soteriological doctrine of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius that people are able to choose to resist or accept divine grace and therefore faith and salvation through free will.


lexentry: eng/Arminianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arminianism
trans_list: arminianizm
sense:
(Christianity) A school of thought within Protestantism based on the theological ideas of Jacobus Arminius.


lexentry: eng/Aromanian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aromanian
trans_list: Arumun | Arumunka
sense:
A member of the people living throughout the southern Balkans, especially in northern Greece, southern and central Albania, parts of North Macedonia, southwestern Bulgaria and Serbia; they are a subgroup of Vlachs.


lexentry: eng/Art_Deco__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Art Deco
trans_list: art déco
sense:
A style of decorative art and architecture originating in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by bold geometric forms and simple composition.


lexentry: eng/Art_Nouveau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Art Nouveau
trans_list: secesja
sense:
A decorative style of art and architecture that especially used the sinuous and flowing lines of plants.


lexentry: eng/Artemis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Artemis
trans_list: Artemida
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the hunt, wild animals, and wilderness; the daughter of Leto and Zeus; the sister of Apollo. (Compare Diana.)


lexentry: eng/Aryan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aryan
trans_list: Aryjczyk | Aryjka
sense:
(theosophy, Germanic, _, mysticism, Nazism) A member of a race defined variously as comprising people of Germanic descent, in the narrowest sense, or all non-Jewish Caucasians, in the broadest sense


lexentry: eng/Asa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asa
trans_list: Asa | Aza
sense:
(biblical character) The third king of Judah mentioned in the Books of Kings who succeeded his father Abijah; the father of King Jehoshaphat. (Matthew calls him "Asaph" in Matthew 1:7.)


lexentry: eng/Asclepius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asclepius
trans_list: Asklepios | Eskulap
sense:
(Greek god) A Greek mythological deity, the god of doctors, medicine and healing; a son of Apollo and the Thessalian princess Coronis, husband to the goddess Epione and father of the Asclepiades; identified with the Roman god Aesculapius.


lexentry: eng/Ash_Wednesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ash Wednesday
trans_list: Popielec | Środa Popielcowa
sense:
(Christianity) The Wednesday 46 days before Easter in a given year, (Catholicism) traditionally observed as the beginning of Lent and a day of strict abstention from certain foods and pleasures.


lexentry: eng/Ashkenazi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ashkenazi
trans_list: aszkenazyjski | askenazyjski
sense:
Of or relating to Jews of Central European, particularly of German and Polish origin, and their traditions, customs, and rituals.


lexentry: eng/Ashoka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ashoka
trans_list: Aśoka
sense:
(historical) An ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Ashura__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ashura
trans_list: Aszura
sense:
(Islam) A holy day falling on the 10th day of Muharram, commemorating the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali in 680 AD.


lexentry: eng/Asia-Pacific__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asia-Pacific
trans_list: Azja-Pacyfik
sense:
(business) The part of the world in or near the western Pacific Ocean, typically including much of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.


lexentry: eng/Asia_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asia Minor
trans_list: Azja Mniejsza
sense:
A large peninsula, mostly coterminous with Anatolia, between the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea; it makes up the Asian part of Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asia
trans_list: Azja
sense:
A continent located east of Europe (typically delimited by the Urals), west of the Pacific Ocean, north of Oceania and south of the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Asian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asian
trans_list: Azjata | Azjatka
sense:
(US, Canada, Australia, NZ, also International English on the Internet) A person from or with ancestry in East or Southeast Asia, occasionally South Asia.


lexentry: eng/Asperger's_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asperger's syndrome
trans_list: zespół Aspergera
sense:
(dated, uncountable, neurology) An autism-related developmental disorder characterised by sustained impairment in social interaction and nonverbal communication and by repetitive behaviour as well as restricted interests and routines.


lexentry: eng/Assam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assam
trans_list: herbata
sense:
Ellipsis of Assam tea: tea from or similar to that grown in Assam; any tea made from the broad-leaf Assam variety of tea (C. sinensis var. assamica).


lexentry: eng/Assyria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assyria
trans_list: Asyria
sense:
A Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant from the mid-23rd century BC to 608 BC and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq), which came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: asyryjski
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: asyryjski
sense:
(historical) Of, or characteristic of, or pertaining to the ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: Asyryjczyk | Asyryjka
sense:
(historical) A person who resided in the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: Asyryjka | Asyryjczyk
sense:
(historical) A citizen of an ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.


lexentry: eng/Asterix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asterix
trans_list: Asteriks
sense:
A series of French comic books written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo about an Ancient Gaul named Asterix.


lexentry: eng/Asturias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asturias
trans_list: Asturia
sense:
An autonomous community and province of Spain, on the Spanish north coast facing the Cantabrian Sea. The capital city is Oviedo.


lexentry: eng/Atacama__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atacama
trans_list: Atakama
sense:
The Atacama Desert, a long desert in Chile, and the driest desert on Earth according to various sources.


lexentry: eng/Athena__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Athena
trans_list: Atena
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, the arts, and especially crafts, in particular, weaving; daughter of Zeus and Metis. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.


lexentry: eng/Athenaeum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Athenaeum
trans_list: Ateneum
sense:
(Ancient Greece) A temple primarily dedicated to Athena or her Roman equivalent Minerva, especially that of Athens.


lexentry: eng/Athenian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Athenian
trans_list: ateński
sense:
(Greek mythology) Of or related to Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, technology, and skillful warfare.


lexentry: eng/Atlantic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Atlantic
trans_list: atlantycki
sense:
Pertaining to locations adjacent to or in the vicinity of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the British Isles in Northwestern Europe, or the eastern seaboard of the USA.


lexentry: eng/Atlantic_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atlantic herring
trans_list: śledź pospolity
sense:
Clupea harengus, an abundant species of herring and an important food fish living in the North Atlantic.


lexentry: eng/Atlas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atlas
trans_list: Atlas
sense:
(Greek god) The son of Iapetus and Clymene, war leader of the Titans ordered by the god Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders; father to the Hesperides, the Hyades, and the Pleiades; king of the legendary Atlantis.


lexentry: eng/Atomic_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atomic Age
trans_list: era atomu
sense:
The era, starting in the mid-1940s, during which nuclear energy was developed, and in which it was thought that all energy would be provided by such sources.


lexentry: eng/Atticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Atticism
trans_list: attycyzm
sense:
(countable, by extension) A refined felicity or well-turned phrase, especially one deemed ungrammatical. (In Newcome, aposiopesis, dislocation, and inverse attraction, respectively.)


lexentry: eng/Attila_the_Hun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Attila the Hun
trans_list: Attyla
sense:
(historical) Attila, kingly ruler of the tribe of the Huns and vast Eurasian Hunnic Empire and feared enemy of the Roman Empire, from 434 until his death in 453.


lexentry: eng/Auckland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Auckland
trans_list: Auckland
sense:
A region of New Zealand which includes the city, situated between the Northland region to the north and the Waikato region to the south.


lexentry: eng/Audouin's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Audouin's gull
trans_list: mewa sródziemnomorska
sense:
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Augsburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Augsburg
trans_list: augsburski
sense:
A rural district of Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, partially surrounding but not including the city of Augsburg, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat


lexentry: eng/August__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: August
trans_list: sierpień
sense:
The eighth month of the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, following July and preceding September.


lexentry: eng/Auriga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Auriga
trans_list: Woźnica
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a charioteer. It includes the star Capella.


lexentry: eng/Austerlitz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austerlitz
trans_list: Austerlitz
sense:
Former name of Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic. The site of Napoleon's victory over the combined Russian and Austrian armies in 1805.


lexentry: eng/Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Australia
trans_list: Australia
sense:
A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire. Official name: Commonwealth of Australia. Capital: Canberra.


lexentry: eng/Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Australia
trans_list: Australia
sense:
(geology) A continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands. New Guinea and the intervening islands are also on the Australian tectonic plate and are thus geologically considered part of the continent.


lexentry: eng/Australian_magpie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian magpie
trans_list: dzierzbowron
sense:
A magpie-like black-and-white passerine bird of species Gymnorhina tibicen, native to Australia and southern New Guinea, and introduced to New Zealand, Fiji, and the Solomon Islands.


lexentry: eng/Australian_rules_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian rules football
trans_list: futbol australijski
sense:
A variety of football devised in Australia, played on an oval field with an oval ball that players try to kick between the goalposts or between a central and outer post.


lexentry: eng/Australian_white_ibis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian white ibis
trans_list: ibis czarnopióry
sense:
Threskiornis molucca, a species of wading bird of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae, which is widespread across much of Australia and has a predominantly white plumage with a bare, black head, long downcurved bill and black legs.


lexentry: eng/Austrofascism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austrofascism
trans_list: austrofaszyzm
sense:
(historical) A fascist political movement in Austria between 1933 and 1938 until the country's annexation by Nazi Germany.


lexentry: eng/Auvergne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Auvergne
trans_list: Owernia
sense:
A former administrative region and historical province of France, since 2016 part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.


lexentry: eng/Av__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Av
trans_list: o
sense:
(Judaism) The eleventh month of the civil year and the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tammuz and before Elul.


lexentry: eng/Avar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avar
trans_list: Awar | Awarka
sense:
A person belonging to this people of Caucasus, mainly of Daghestan, in which they are the predominant group.


lexentry: eng/Avar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avar
trans_list: awarski
sense:
A North Caucasian language spoken mainly in Avaria (Republic of Daghestan) as its official language, and in parts of Azerbaijan.


lexentry: eng/Avestan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avestan
trans_list: awestyjski
sense:
An ancient Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta.


lexentry: eng/Avogadro's_number__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avogadro's number
trans_list: stała Avogadra
sense:
(physical chemistry) The number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance, being precisely 6.02214076 × 1023. Formerly defined as the number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12.


lexentry: eng/Axis_power__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Axis power
trans_list: Oś
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) A country in the alliance (in effect before and during World War II) of Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, imperial Japan, and a few other countries, which opposed the Allies.


lexentry: eng/Ayurveda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ayurveda
trans_list: ajurweda
sense:
Traditional Hindu alternative medicine, involving balancing three bodily humours of wind, bile, and phlegm.


lexentry: eng/Azerbaijan_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Azerbaijan SSR
trans_list: Azerbejdżańska SRR
sense:
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Azerbaijan while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1936–1991, name changed in 1990).


lexentry: eng/Azerbaijan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Azerbaijan
trans_list: Azerbejdżan
sense:
A country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe. Official name: Republic of Azerbaijan. Capital: Baku.


lexentry: eng/Azores__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Azores
trans_list: Azory
sense:
An archipelago of nine volcanic islands in the North Atlantic and an autonomous region of Portugal comprising this archipelago, officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores.


lexentry: eng/BCE__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BCE
trans_list: p.Chr. | p.n.e.
sense:
(chronology) Initialism of Before Common Era (Before the Common Era, before Common Era, before the Common Era), Before Current Era (Before the Current Era, before current era, before the current era), or before Christian Era.


lexentry: eng/BDSM__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BDSM
trans_list: BDSM
sense:
Sexual or non-sexual practices or activities involving bondage, discipline, sadism, masochism, or acts of domination and submission.


lexentry: eng/BRICS__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BRICS
trans_list: BRICS
sense:
(geopolitics, economics) Acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa: an international economic organization comprising these fast-growing economies.


lexentry: eng/BRIC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BRIC
trans_list: BRIC
sense:
(politics, economics) Initialism of Brazil, Russia, India and China: a group of countries with similarly fast-growing economies.


lexentry: eng/B_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: B major
trans_list: H-dur
sense:
(music) The major key with B as its tonic, with the notes B, C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, and A♯, the key signature of which has five sharps:


lexentry: eng/Baal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baal
trans_list: Baal
sense:
(mythology, biblical) A storm and fertility god of the Phoenician and Canaanite pantheons, reckoned as chief of the gods by the 1st millennium BC.


lexentry: eng/Baathism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baathism
trans_list: baasizm
sense:
(politics) An Arab nationalist ideology that promotes the development and creation of a unified Arab state through the leadership of a vanguard party over a progressive revolutionary government.


lexentry: eng/Baba_Yaga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baba Yaga
trans_list: Baba Jaga | Baba Jędza | Baba Rogu
sense:
(Slavic mythology) In Russian, Finno-Ugric, Polish and Bulgarian tales, a hag who lives in a hut standing on chicken legs and who flies through the air in a mortar, using the pestle as a rudder. She behaves ambivalently and may be either amiable or hostile.


lexentry: eng/Babel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babel
trans_list: Babel
sense:
(biblical) The city and tower in the land of Shinar where the confusion of languages took place, according to the Bible.


lexentry: eng/Babism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babism
trans_list: babizm
sense:
The doctrine of a pantheistical religious sect, founded in Persia in 1844 by Mirza Ali Mohammed ibn Rabhik (1820-1850), who assumed the title of Bab-ed-Din ("Gate of the Faith"). It combines Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Parsi elements, and forbids concubinage, polygamy, mendicancy, slave-dealing, and the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs. Precursor to the Baháʼí Faith.


lexentry: eng/Babylon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babylon
trans_list: Babilon
sense:
(historical) An ancient city in Mesopotamia, built on the banks of the Euphrates, which was the capital of Babylonia.


lexentry: eng/Bactria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bactria
trans_list: Baktria
sense:
The ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya in the Middle East, encompassing parts of northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and northern Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Bahrain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bahrain
trans_list: Bahrajn
sense:
An archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf. Official name: Kingdom of Bahrain. Capital: Manama.


lexentry: eng/Baháʼí_Faith__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baháʼí Faith
trans_list: bahaizm
sense:
A religious movement founded by Baháʼu'lláh, which draws on the Kitáb-i-Aqdas and other Baháʼí texts.


lexentry: eng/Baikonur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baikonur
trans_list: Bajkonur
sense:
A city in Kazakhstan, rented and administered by Russia, constructed to service Baikonur Cosmodrome, since 1995 also called Baikonur.


lexentry: eng/Bakhchisaray__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bakhchisaray
trans_list: Bakczysaraj
sense:
A city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia; the former capital of the Crimean Khanate.


lexentry: eng/Balaton__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balaton
trans_list: Balaton
sense:
A freshwater lake in Hungary, the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations.


lexentry: eng/Balearic_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balearic Islands
trans_list: Baleary
sense:
A group of Mediterranean islands of the east coast of Spain, formed by Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza, and Formentera.


lexentry: eng/Balkan_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkan Peninsula
trans_list: Półwysep Bałkański
sense:
A large peninsula in southeastern Europe surrounded by water on three sides: the Adriatic Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea (including the Ionian and Aegean Seas) to the south and the Black Sea to the east. Its northern boundary is often given as the Danube, Sava and Kupa rivers.


lexentry: eng/Balkanization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkanization
trans_list: bałkanizacja
sense:
(historical, chiefly, political science) The fragmentation of a geopolitical region into several small states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other.


lexentry: eng/Balkans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkans
trans_list: Bałkany
sense:
A geographical region in southeastern Europe, roughly equivalent to the area covered by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, sometimes including Romania, Slovenia, and European Turkey. [19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Balochistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balochistan
trans_list: Beludżystan
sense:
A region on the Iranian plateau in south-western Asia, northwest of the Arabian Sea, dominated by desert and mountains, composed of southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Iran and a strip of southwestern Afghanistan; inhabited by the Baloch people.


lexentry: eng/Baltic_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baltic herring
trans_list: sałaka
sense:
A subspecies of Atlantic herring, (Clupea harengus membras), living in the Baltic Sea, smaller than Atlantic herring, with leaner flesh.


lexentry: eng/Bambara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bambara
trans_list: bamana | bambara
sense:
A West Sudanic language spoken mainly in Mali by as many as six million people, and by smaller numbers of people in Senegal Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Gambia.


lexentry: eng/Bamboo_Curtain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bamboo Curtain
trans_list: Bambusowa kurtyna
sense:
(historical) The political and ideological barrier between the communist and capitalist states of Asia during the Cold War.


lexentry: eng/Banach_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Banach space
trans_list: przestrzeń Banacha
sense:
(functional analysis) A normed vector space which is complete with respect to the norm, meaning that Cauchy sequences have well-defined limits that are points in the space.


lexentry: eng/Bantu__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Bantu
trans_list: bantu
sense:
(uncountable) The largest African language family of the Niger-Congo group, spoken in much of Sub-Saharan Africa.


lexentry: eng/Baphomet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baphomet
trans_list: Bafomet
sense:
A deity which medieval Christians mistakenly imagined that the Knights Templar worshipped, and which figures into some modern occultist and Satanic religions.


lexentry: eng/Baptist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baptist
trans_list: baptysta | baptystka
sense:
An adherent of a Protestant denomination (or various subdenominations) of Christianity, which believes in the baptism of believers (sometimes only adults), as opposed to the baptism of infants.


lexentry: eng/Barabbas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barabbas
trans_list: Barabasz
sense:
(Christianity) In the accounts of the Passion of Christ, an insurrectionary whom Pontius Pilate freed at the Passover feast in Jerusalem, instead of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Barbary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barbary
trans_list: Berberia
sense:
(historical) The Mediterranean coastal areas of North Africa that were used as a base by pirates in the 16th to 19th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Barbary_macaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barbary macaque
trans_list: magot | makak berberyjski | makak magot
sense:
Macaca sylvanus, an Old World monkey found in Gibraltar and the Atlas Mountains in Algeria and Morocco.


lexentry: eng/Baroque__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baroque
trans_list: barok
sense:
(arts, music) A period in western architecture, art and music from ca. 1600 to ca. 1760 CE, known for its abundance of drama, rich color, and extensive ornamentation.


lexentry: eng/Baroque_guitar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baroque guitar
trans_list: gitara barokowa
sense:
An archaic form of guitar with five strings, originating in the Baroque era, played by either strumming or plucking, and characterized by the use of reentrant tuning.


lexentry: eng/Baruch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baruch
trans_list: Baruch
sense:
(biblical character) Any of a number of Old Testament men, including the scribe and companion of Jeremiah.


lexentry: eng/Bashkir__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bashkir
trans_list: baszkirski
sense:
Of or pertaining to a certain Turkic ethnic group that lives mostly in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan.


lexentry: eng/Basque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Basque
trans_list: Bask | Baskijka
sense:
A member of a cultural and ethnic people living in the western Pyrenees and the Bay of Biscay between France and Spain.


lexentry: eng/Basse-Terre__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Basse-Terre
trans_list: Basse-Terre
sense:
The capital city of the overseas department of the Guadeloupe, France, located in the Lesser Antilles.


lexentry: eng/Batman__Proper_noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Batman
trans_list: Batman
sense:
A fictional hero and the main protagonist of DC Comics, noted for his intellect and stealth, who uses a bat-themed costume and equipment (including a belt with an array of utilities) and is assisted by his sidekick Robin.


lexentry: eng/Battle_of_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Battle of Britain
trans_list: bitwa o Anglię
sense:
(historical) A series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe during World War II for air superiority over southern England and the English Channel prior to any German invasion of the British Isles.


lexentry: eng/Batumi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Batumi
trans_list: Batumi
sense:
A seaside city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia.


lexentry: eng/Baudelairean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baudelairean
trans_list: baudelairowski
sense:
Of or pertaining to Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821–1867), French poet, critic, and translator, or to his works.


lexentry: eng/Bavaria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Bavaria
trans_list: Bawaria
sense:
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation, which includes the historical Bavaria and parts of Swabia and Franconia.


lexentry: eng/Bavarian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bavarian
trans_list: bawarski
sense:
A German dialect spoken in Bavaria (a state of southern West Germany) and Austria, which varies considerably across different regions.


lexentry: eng/Bay_of_Biscay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bay of Biscay
trans_list: Zatoka Biskajska
sense:
a gulf of the North Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain, named for the Spanish province of Biscay


lexentry: eng/Bačka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bačka
trans_list: Baczka
sense:
A historical region presently divided between Vojvodina (autonomous province of Serbia) and Hungary.


lexentry: eng/Beast__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beast
trans_list: zwierz
sense:
(biblical) A figure in the Book of Revelation (Apocalypse), often identified with Satan or the Antichrist.


lexentry: eng/Beatles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beatles
trans_list: Beatlesi
sense:
An extremely successful and influential British rock music quartet that operated primarily in the 1960s.


lexentry: eng/Beaufort_scale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beaufort scale
trans_list: skala Beauforta
sense:
(nautical) An empirical measure for the intensity of the wind based mainly on the state of the sea or wave conditions.


lexentry: eng/Bechuanaland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bechuanaland
trans_list: Beczuana
sense:
(historical) A former colony of the United Kingdom in Africa, which gained its independence in 1966 as Botswana.


lexentry: eng/Beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beetle
trans_list: garbus
sense:
(UK, Australia, NZ) A small car, the Volkswagen Beetle (original version made 1938–2003, similar models made 1997–2010 and since 2011).


lexentry: eng/Beghard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beghard
trans_list: begard
sense:
(historical) One of an association of religious laymen living in semimonastic communities in imitation of the Beguines, and influenced by Albigensian teachings and by the Brethren of the Free Spirit.


lexentry: eng/Belarusian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belarusian
trans_list: Białorusin | białoruski | Białorusinka
sense:
(uncountable) The Slavic language spoken in Belarus (formerly called White Ruthenia or White Russia).


lexentry: eng/Belgian_Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belgian Congo
trans_list: Kongo Belgijskie
sense:
(historical) A Belgian colony in Africa, the successor to King Leopold II of Belgium's Congo Free State and predecessor of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [from 1908 to 1960]


lexentry: eng/Belgium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belgium
trans_list: Belgia
sense:
A country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France. Official name: Kingdom of Belgium. Capital and largest city: Brussels.


lexentry: eng/Belisarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belisarius
trans_list: Belizariusz
sense:
(history) a general of the Byzantine Empire, who was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century previously


lexentry: eng/Belle_Époque__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belle Époque
trans_list: belle époque
sense:
(history) A period of European history, extending over several decades until the start of the First World War, characterized by artistic and cultural refinement.


lexentry: eng/Benedict__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Benedict
trans_list: Benedykt
sense:
(countable) A en given name, particularly of the sixth-century founder of the Benedictine order, and of several popes.


lexentry: eng/Benedictine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Benedictine
trans_list: benedyktyn | benedyktynka
sense:
A type of liqueur originating from the Benedictine cloister of Fécamp in France, made from cognac together with herb and spice extracts.


lexentry: eng/Bengal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bengal
trans_list: Bengal
sense:
A region in the northeast of South Asia, today divided between Bangladesh and India (particularly the state of West Bengal).


lexentry: eng/Bengal_tiger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bengal tiger
trans_list: tygrys bengalski
sense:
Any tiger of a specific, fragmented population of the subspecies Panthera tigris tigris in the Indian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Bengali__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bengali
trans_list: bengali | język bengalski
sense:
(uncountable) A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.


lexentry: eng/Bering_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bering Sea
trans_list: Morze Beringa
sense:
The sea between Siberia and Alaska, north of the Pacific Ocean, that is connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait.


lexentry: eng/Bering_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bering Strait
trans_list: Cieśnina Beringa
sense:
A strait between Chukotka, Russia and Alaska, United States, linking the Arctic Ocean to the Bering Sea.


lexentry: eng/Berkshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Berkshire
trans_list: Berkshire
sense:
An inland county of England, bounded by Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hampshire, Surrey, Greater London and Wiltshire.


lexentry: eng/Berlin_Wall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Berlin Wall
trans_list: Mur Berliński | mur berliński
sense:
(history) A wall that parted the city of Berlin until 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.


lexentry: eng/Berlin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: Berlin
trans_list: berliński
sense:
An unincorporated community and census-designated place in Berlin Township, Holmes County, Ohio, United States.


lexentry: eng/Berlin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: Berlin
trans_list: berliński
sense:
The former name of Genevra, an unincorporated community in Colusa County, California, United States.


lexentry: eng/Bermuda_Triangle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bermuda Triangle
trans_list: Trójkąt Bermudzki
sense:
An area in the Atlantic Ocean where many ships and planes have disappeared under allegedly mysterious circumstances.


lexentry: eng/Bermuda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bermuda
trans_list: Bermudy
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 580 nautical miles (1074 kilometers) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.


lexentry: eng/Beskids__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beskids
trans_list: Beskidy
sense:
A mountain range in Central Europe, running from Czech Republic to Ukraine along the Polish-Slovakia border, with its highest peak Hoverla at 2061 meters.


lexentry: eng/Bessarabia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bessarabia
trans_list: Besarabia
sense:
(historical) A geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west. Now divided between Moldova and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Betelgeuse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Betelgeuse
trans_list: Betelgeza
sense:
(star) A bright-red supergiant intrinsic variable star, the second brightest star in the constellation Orion; Alpha (α) Orionis. It is the tenth brightest star in the nighttime, and one of the largest stars known.


lexentry: eng/Biafra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Biafra
trans_list: Biafra
sense:
(historical) A short-lived secessionist state that declared independence from Nigeria in the late 1960s.


lexentry: eng/Bierwurst__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bierwurst
trans_list: bierwurst | kiełbasa piwna
sense:
A smoked, seasoned Brühwurst sausage originally from Bavaria in Germany, with a garlicky flavor and dark red color.


lexentry: eng/Big_Bang__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Bang
trans_list: Wielki Wybuch
sense:
(cosmology) The cosmic event that marks the beginning of time and the rapid expansion of space for the visible universe. The evolution of the universe since that beginning point is described by the Big Bang Theory.


lexentry: eng/Big_Dipper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Dipper
trans_list: Wielki Wóz
sense:
(constellation, especially, US) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a ladle or cart, and a part of the constellation Ursa Major which includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid. [from 1845] The other stars comprising it are Alioth, Megrez, Merak, and Phecda.


lexentry: eng/Big_Mac__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Mac
trans_list: Big Mac
sense:
A hamburger from the fast food company McDonald's, served on a three-part bun with various condiments.


lexentry: eng/Big_Rip__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Rip
trans_list: Wielkie Rozdarcie
sense:
(cosmology) A hypothetical end of the universe in which its rate of expansion becomes infinite in finite time, resulting in all matter being torn apart.


lexentry: eng/Bigfoot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bigfoot
trans_list: Wielka Stopa
sense:
(US, Canada, cryptozoology, folklore) A very large, hairy, humanoid creature, similar to the yeti, said to live in the wilderness areas of the United States and Canada, especially the Pacific Northwest.


lexentry: eng/Bilbao__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bilbao
trans_list: Bilbao
sense:
The largest city in the Basque Country, in northern Spain, and capital city of the province of Biscay, Spain.


lexentry: eng/Bithynia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bithynia
trans_list: Bitynia
sense:
(historical) A region, ancient kingdom, and historical province of the Roman Empire, in the northwest of Asia Minor in modern Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Black_Death__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Black Death
trans_list: czarna śmierć
sense:
(disease, historical) A pandemic outbreak of bubonic plague throughout Europe and most of Asia in the 14th century that killed nearly half the population of Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/Black_Friday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Black Friday
trans_list: czarny piątek
sense:
(US, Canada, UK, business, retailing) The day after US Thanksgiving Day, generally regarded as the first day of the Christmas season, and the busiest shopping day of the year. Observed in the US, Canada, and more recently to an extent, the UK.


lexentry: eng/Black_Friday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Black Friday
trans_list: czarny piątek
sense:
(by extension) The sales period involving heavy price reductions immediately following US Thanksgiving Day, from Friday (the original Black Friday) through Monday (Cyber Monday).


lexentry: eng/Black_Legend__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Black Legend
trans_list: Czarna Legenda hiszpanii
sense:
The depiction of Spain and Spaniards (or, by extension, all Hispanics and their countries of origin) as bloodthirsty and cruel, greedy and fanatical.


lexentry: eng/Black_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Black Sea
trans_list: Morze Czarne
sense:
An inland sea bound by Southeastern Europe in the west, Eastern Europe in the north and northeast, and Turkey in the south.


lexentry: eng/Bluebeard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bluebeard
trans_list: Sinobrody
sense:
A famous fairy tale written by Charles Perrault in 1697 about a violent nobleman who has the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of his current wife to avoid the same fate.


lexentry: eng/Blyth's_pipit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Blyth's pipit
trans_list: świergotek stepowy
sense:
Anthus godlewskii, medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in Mongolia and neighbouring areas of China, Tibet and India.


lexentry: eng/Bob's_your_uncle__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bob's your uncle
trans_list: gotów
sense:
(UK, Commonwealth, Hong Kong, idiomatic) "No problem", "the solution is simple", "there you have it", "It's that easy", "you have what you want", "all will be well": indicates a desirable conclusion has been reached with ease.


lexentry: eng/Boeotia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boeotia
trans_list: Beocja
sense:
A district of Ancient Greece, formerly renowned for the French proverbially equating the residents with philistinism; now, a district in east Central Greece, situated on the peninsula, west of Euboea, north of Attica and Megaris, and east of Phocis. The present-day capital of the prefecture is Livadeia.


lexentry: eng/Bogomil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bogomil
trans_list: bogomił
sense:
(Christianity, historical) A member of a dualist Christian sect which flourished in the Balkans during the 10th to 15th centuries and was characterized by resistance to the state and church authorities.


lexentry: eng/Bolivia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bolivia
trans_list: Boliwia
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Plurinational State of Bolivia. Capitals: La Paz and Sucre.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bolshevik
trans_list: bolszewik | bolszewiczka
sense:
(historical) A Russian communist revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party in the 1917 Communist Revolution of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bolshevik
trans_list: bolszewik | bolszewiczka
sense:
(historical) A member of the Communist Party that ruled the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bolshevism
trans_list: bolszewizm
sense:
The Communist political ideology adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Marxism-Leninism.


lexentry: eng/Bonaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bonaire
trans_list: Bonaire
sense:
An island in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela, a special municipality of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Bonaparte's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bonaparte's gull
trans_list: mewa kanadyjska
sense:
Chroicocephalus philadelphia, a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America.


lexentry: eng/Bonn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bonn
trans_list: Bonn
sense:
A city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the River Rhine, which was the capital of the former West Germany.


lexentry: eng/Boolean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Boolean
trans_list: boolowski
sense:
(logic, computing) Pertaining to data items that can have “true” and “false” (or, equivalently, 1 and 0 respectively) as their only possible values and to operations on such values.


lexentry: eng/Bordeaux__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bordeaux
trans_list: Bordeaux
sense:
The capital city of the Gironde department, France; capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.


lexentry: eng/Boreas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boreas
trans_list: Boreasz
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the North Wind, Storms, Winter, Ice, Snow, Loneliness, Solitude, Absence, Lack, Sadness,Depression, Calmness, and Serenity .


lexentry: eng/Bose-Einstein_condensate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bose-Einstein condensate
trans_list: kondensat Bosego-Einsteina
sense:
(physics) A gaseous superfluid phase of matter in which all the particles have the same quantum state.


lexentry: eng/Bosnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bosnia
trans_list: Bośnia
sense:
The northern three-fourths of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a geographic and historical entity, not an administrative unit.


lexentry: eng/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bosnia and Herzegovina
trans_list: Bośnia i Hercegowina
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Capital and largest city: Sarajevo. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992.


lexentry: eng/Bosniak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bosniak
trans_list: Boszniaczka | Boszniak
sense:
A person belonging to an autochthonous South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Sandžak region of Serbia and Montenegro.


lexentry: eng/Bosniak__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bosniak
trans_list: Boszniaczka | Boszniak
sense:
A person typically characterized by their ties to the Bosnian historical region, traditional adherence to Islam, and common culture and language.


lexentry: eng/Bosnian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bosnian
trans_list: Bośniak | bośniacki | Bośniaczka
sense:
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


lexentry: eng/Bosphorus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bosphorus
trans_list: Bosfor
sense:
The narrow strait beside Istanbul, Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, the northern end of the Turkish Straits connecting the Black Sea with the Aegean and Mediterranean.


lexentry: eng/Boston_ivy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boston ivy
trans_list: winobluszcz trójklapowy
sense:
A perennial vine related to the grapevine, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, which, like true ivy (Hedera helix), is planted next to masonry buildings to grow on the walls. In spite of the name, Boston ivy is native to Japan, Korea and China.


lexentry: eng/Botox__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Botox
trans_list: botoks
sense:
A toxic compound (generic name botulinum toxin type A) produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, that causes the paralysis of muscles, used in cosmetic surgery to conceal wrinkles and for muscle spasm relief and headache prevention.


lexentry: eng/Bouches-du-Rhône__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bouches-du-Rhône
trans_list: Delta Rodanu
sense:
One of the departments in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; located in the historical region and province of Provence. Capital: Marseille.


lexentry: eng/Boudica__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boudica
trans_list: Boudika | Budyka
sense:
A queen of the British Iceni tribe that led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire, died c. 61 CE


lexentry: eng/Bouvet_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bouvet Island
trans_list: Wyspa Bouveta
sense:
An uninhabited volcanic island and dependent territory of Norway in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the South African Cape of Good Hope.


lexentry: eng/Boötes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boötes
trans_list: Wolarz
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, called the “bear-guard” or the “herdsman”. It includes the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, Arcturus.


lexentry: eng/Brabant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brabant
trans_list: Brabancja
sense:
(historical) Until 1995, a province of central Belgium; since divided into Flemish Brabant, Brussels-Capital Region and Walloon Brabant.


lexentry: eng/Brabant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Brabant
trans_list: Brabancja
sense:
Duchy of Brabant; a historical region, roughly comprising the area of modern Flemish and Walloon Brabant, Brussels, the Belgian province of Antwerp, and the Dutch province of North Brabant.


lexentry: eng/Brahma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brahma
trans_list: Brahma
sense:
(Hinduism, Hindu god) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.


lexentry: eng/Brazil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brazil
trans_list: Brazylia
sense:
A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America. Official name: Federative Republic of Brazil. Capital: Brasília.


lexentry: eng/Bregenz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bregenz
trans_list: Bregencja
sense:
The capital of and third largest city in the state of Vorarlberg, Austria, located on the eastern shore of Lake Constance on a plateau at the foot of the Pfänder; it is best known for hosting numerous festivals throughout the summer months, most notably the Bregenzer Festspiele; the city is the administrative centre of its eponymous district.


lexentry: eng/Brezhnev__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brezhnev
trans_list: Breżniew
sense:
A transliteration of the Russian surname Бре́жнев (Bréžnev); usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Leonid Brezhnev.


lexentry: eng/Brezhnevian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brezhnevian
trans_list: breżniewowski
sense:
Of or pertaining to Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982), General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964.


lexentry: eng/Briseis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Briseis
trans_list: Bryzejda
sense:
(Greek mythology) A legendary figure who features in the Iliad; a princess granted as concubine to Achilles after the sacking of her city, Lyrnessus, before the beginning of the story.


lexentry: eng/Bristol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bristol
trans_list: Bristol
sense:
A city, ceremonial county, and unitary authority in southwest England bordering Gloucestershire, Somerset and The River Severn.


lexentry: eng/British_English__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: British English
trans_list: brytyjski angielski
sense:
The English language as written and spoken in the United Kingdom (in contrast with other places, particularly other countries where English is predominant or at least an important language)


lexentry: eng/British_Isles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: British Isles
trans_list: Wyspy Brytyjskie
sense:
An archipelago in Northern Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, Anglesey, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Hebrides, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, the Isles of Scilly, the Channel Islands and many smaller islands.


lexentry: eng/Britisher__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Britisher
trans_list: Brytyjczyk
sense:
(India) The British colonial authorities; a European member of the British Raj, especially an officer from the colonial authorities.


lexentry: eng/Briton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Briton
trans_list: Brytyjczyk | Brytyjka
sense:
An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.


lexentry: eng/Brno__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brno
trans_list: Brno
sense:
The capital of the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic, and the second-largest city in the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Bronze_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bronze Age
trans_list: epoka brązu
sense:
(archaeology) A period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze.


lexentry: eng/Brooklyn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brooklyn
trans_list: Brooklyn
sense:
A borough of New York City, New York, United States. It is located on the western end of Long Island.


lexentry: eng/Brownshirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brownshirt
trans_list: brunatna koszula
sense:
(historical) A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung.


lexentry: eng/Brumaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brumaire
trans_list: brumaire
sense:
(historical) The second month of the French Republican Calendar, from October 22, 23 or 24 to November 20, 21 or 22.


lexentry: eng/Brussels_sprout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brussels sprout
trans_list: brukselka | kapusta brukselska
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) The green vegetable Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, a cabbage variety native to Belgium.


lexentry: eng/Brutalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brutalism
trans_list: brutalizm
sense:
(architecture) A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process.


lexentry: eng/Buddhahood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Buddhahood
trans_list: oświecenie | stan buddy
sense:
(Buddhism) The state of being a buddha, or being spiritually enlightened by Buddhist or other teachings.


lexentry: eng/Bukovina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bukovina
trans_list: Bukowina
sense:
A historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and adjoining plains, currently split between Romania and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Bulgaria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bulgaria
trans_list: Bułgaria
sense:
A country in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Bulgaria. Capital and largest city: Sofia.


lexentry: eng/Burgundy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Burgundy
trans_list: Burgundia
sense:
A region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.


lexentry: eng/Burma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Burma
trans_list: Birma
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Capital: Naypyidaw. Officially known as Myanmar.


lexentry: eng/Buryatia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Buryatia
trans_list: Buriacja
sense:
A republic of Russia. Capital: Ulan-Ude. The republic borders to Mongolia in the south and the lake of Baikal in the west.


lexentry: eng/Busan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Busan
trans_list: Pusan
sense:
A metropolitan city of South Korea. It is the second largest city and the largest port city in Korea. It is also well known for its beaches and port.


lexentry: eng/Bushism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bushism
trans_list: buszyzm
sense:
The political philosophy associated with former US president George W. Bush or his father, former US president George H. W. Bush.


lexentry: eng/Byelorussian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byelorussian SSR
trans_list: Białoruska SRR
sense:
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Bolshevik Belarus which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1919–1991).


lexentry: eng/Byron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byron
trans_list: Bajron | Byron
sense:
Lord Byron, George Gordon (Noel) Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788–April 19, 1824), a famous English poet and leading figure in romanticism.


lexentry: eng/Byzantine_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byzantine Empire
trans_list: Bizancjum | cesarstwo bizantyjskie
sense:
(historical) The predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages with its capital city being Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally known as Byzantium, which fell in 1453.


lexentry: eng/Byzantium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byzantium
trans_list: Bizancjum
sense:
An ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, named Constantinople in 330 C.E.; modern Istanbul.


lexentry: eng/Büchner_funnel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Büchner funnel
trans_list: lejek Büchnera
sense:
(chemistry) A piece of laboratory equipment used for filtration; it is a ceramic funnel with a flat base on which the filter paper is laid flat; normally used with a vacuum pump.


lexentry: eng/C++__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C++
trans_list: C++
sense:
(computer language) A multi-paradigm high-level compiled programming language, that is a more advanced form of C.


lexentry: eng/C-flat_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C-flat major
trans_list: ces-dur
sense:
(music) a major key with the notes C♭, D♭, E♭, F♭, G♭, A♭, B♭, the key signature of which has seven flats:


lexentry: eng/C-suite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C-suite
trans_list: dyrektor
sense:
(management) The group of officers of a business organization who have the word "chief" in their titles.


lexentry: eng/CD-ROM__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CD-ROM
trans_list: CD-ROM
sense:
compact disk - read only memory: an optical disc containing data that can be read (but not changed) by a computer


lexentry: eng/CD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CD
trans_list: CD
sense:
Initialism of compact disc; a disc once commonly used to store data, and especially for the distribution of music and software.


lexentry: eng/CE__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CE
trans_list: n.e.
sense:
Initialism of Common Era, Current Era or Christian Era. Equivalent of AD. Like other era initialisms, often written in small caps.


lexentry: eng/CJK__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CJK
trans_list: CJK
sense:
Initialism of Chinese, Japanese, Korean (languages typically grouped because they all use writing systems derived from Chinese characters)


lexentry: eng/C_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C major
trans_list: C-dur
sense:
(music) The major key with C as its tonic, and no sharps or flats, having the notes C, D, E, F, G, A, and B.


lexentry: eng/Caelus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caelus
trans_list: Coelus
sense:
(Roman god) The personification of the sky and heavens. Either the brother-husband or son-&-husband of Terra, with whom he fathered the Titans and the Cyclops. He is the Roman counterpart of Uranus.


lexentry: eng/Caesar_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caesar salad
trans_list: Cezar | sałatka Cezar
sense:
(gastronomy, countable, and, uncountable) A type of salad, generally made from romaine lettuce, croutons, parmesan cheese, coddled or hard-boiled eggs, fresh-ground black pepper and Worcestershire sauce.


lexentry: eng/Caesarea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caesarea
trans_list: Cezarea
sense:
Former name of Cherchell, a city in northern Algeria and the former capital of Mauretania and Numidia.


lexentry: eng/Calvary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Calvary
trans_list: Golgota | Kalwaria
sense:
The hill outside Jerusalem which is traditionally held to be the location of the crucifixion of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Calvinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Calvinism
trans_list: kalwinizm
sense:
The Christian religious tradition based upon the doctrines and forms of Christian practice of several Protestant reformers, especially John Calvin, in contrast to Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anabaptism, and Arminianism. One distinctive trait of the system is its Augustinian doctrine of predestination, which teaches that God has elected some for salvation, apart from anything they do or believe.


lexentry: eng/Cambodia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cambodia
trans_list: Kambodża
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Kingdom of Cambodia. Capital: Phnom Penh. Former name: Kampuchea.


lexentry: eng/Cambrian_explosion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cambrian explosion
trans_list: eksplozja kambryjska
sense:
(evolutionary, _, biology) The relatively rapid appearance, during the Cambrian Period around 541 million years ago, of most major animal phyla, as demonstrated in the fossil record.


lexentry: eng/Cameroon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cameroon
trans_list: Kamerun
sense:
A country in Central Africa. Official name: Republic of Cameroon. Capital: Yaoundé. It also claims Ambazonia.


lexentry: eng/Canadian_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canadian football
trans_list: futbol kanadyjski
sense:
A game similar to American football played on a field of 110 yards long and 65 yards wide (with two 20 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 12 players attempt to get an ovoid ball to the end of each other's territory.


lexentry: eng/Canary_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canary Islands
trans_list: Wyspy Kanaryjskie | Kanary
sense:
An archipelago off the coast of northwestern Africa, near Morocco and belonging to Spain as an autonomous community.


lexentry: eng/Cancer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cancer
trans_list: Rak
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22 - July 22 (tropical astrology) or July 16 - August 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Candlemas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Candlemas
trans_list: Ofiarowanie Pańskie
sense:
The festival in the Christian year celebrated on February 2nd. It commemorates the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple.


lexentry: eng/Canes_Venatici__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canes Venatici
trans_list: Psy Gończe
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pair of hunting dogs (Chara and Asterion) held on a leash by Boötes and following the bear Ursa Major.


lexentry: eng/Canis_Major__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canis Major
trans_list: Wielki Pies
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It includes the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (sometimes called the Dog Star).


lexentry: eng/Canis_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canis Minor
trans_list: Mały Pies
sense:
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It is most notable for including the eighth brightest star in the night sky, Procyon.


lexentry: eng/Cannae__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cannae
trans_list: Cannes
sense:
(historical) A village in the Apulia region of south east Italy, known as the site of a battle in 216 B.C. in which the Carthaginians under Hannibal defeated the Romans


lexentry: eng/Canterbury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Canterbury
trans_list: Canterbury
sense:
A local government district of Kent, England, the City of Canterbury, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the city itself.


lexentry: eng/Cantonese__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Cantonese
trans_list: kantoński
sense:
(uncountable) A dialect of the Cantonese language, spoken in Guangzhou (Canton), Hong Kong, Macau, and treated as the standard dialect of the Cantonese language.


lexentry: eng/Cao_Dai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cao Dai
trans_list: kaodaizm
sense:
(religion) A syncretic monotheistic religion founded in the 20th century in Vietnam, which worships a deity of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Capricorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Capricorn
trans_list: Koziorożec
sense:
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the goat, ruled by Saturn and covering December 22 – January 20 (tropical astrology) or January 15 – February 14 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Captain_Obvious__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Captain Obvious
trans_list: Kapitan Oczywisty
sense:
(humorous, usually, pejorative, sarcastic, very often preceded with thank you) Someone who makes superfluous or obvious statements.


lexentry: eng/Carboniferous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carboniferous
trans_list: karboński
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises the lower, middle and upper Mississippian and lower, middle and upper Pennsylvanian epochs from about 345 to 280 million years ago, when coal was laid down.


lexentry: eng/Carcassonne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carcassonne
trans_list: Carcassonne
sense:
An old walled city, capital of Aude department, formerly in Languedoc-Roussillon, now Occitanie, France.


lexentry: eng/Care_Bears__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Care Bears
trans_list: Troskliwe Misie
sense:
A fictional group of multi-colored bear characters, originally painted in 1981 by artist Elena Kucharik to be used on greeting cards from American Greetings but in 1983, the characters were turned into plush teddy bears.


lexentry: eng/Caribbean_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caribbean Sea
trans_list: Morze Karaibskie
sense:
A tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Caribbean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caribbean
trans_list: karaibski
sense:
Pertaining to the sea and region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba and Hispaniola).


lexentry: eng/Caribbean__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caribbean
trans_list: Karaib | Karaibka
sense:
(countable) A member of the Amerindian tribes that inhabited the Caribbean region before the arrival of the Europeans


lexentry: eng/Caribbean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caribbean
trans_list: Karaiby
sense:
The countries that occupy the region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Bahamas)


lexentry: eng/Carina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carina
trans_list: Kil
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the keel of a ship. It contains the star Canopus, the second brightest star in the night sky. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Carmelite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carmelite
trans_list: karmelita | karmelitanka
sense:
A member of the Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, a Catholic religious order focusing on contemplative prayer and the Virgin Mary.


lexentry: eng/Carniola__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carniola
trans_list: Kraina
sense:
(historical) A historical region of the Holy Roman and Austrian empires that comprised parts of what is now Slovenia.


lexentry: eng/Caro-Kann_Defence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caro-Kann Defence
trans_list: obrona Caro-Kann
sense:
(chess) A chess opening characterized by the moves 1.e4 c6, in which the white king's pawn advances two squares and the black king's bishop's pawn advances one square.


lexentry: eng/Carpathians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carpathians
trans_list: Karpaty
sense:
A large mountainous system in Central Europe, mainly in Transylvania (Romania) and the Polish (Silesian)-Slovak border region.


lexentry: eng/Carpatho-Ukraine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carpatho-Ukraine
trans_list: Zakarpacie
sense:
(historical) A former region of Czechoslovakia (September 1938 – March 1939) and self-declared independent state (during March of 1939).


lexentry: eng/Cartesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian
trans_list: kartezjański
sense:
Of, or pertaining to, Descartes, his mathematical methods, or his philosophy, especially with regard to its emphasis on logical analysis and its mechanistic interpretation of physical nature.


lexentry: eng/Cartesian_coordinates__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian coordinates
trans_list: współrzędne kartezjańskie
sense:
(algebraic geometry) The coordinates of a point measured as its perpendicular distance to the right of a vertical axis (the y-axis) and its perpendicular distance above a horizontal axis (the x-axis).


lexentry: eng/Cartesian_product__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian product
trans_list: iloczyn kartezjański | produkt kartezjański
sense:
(set theory, of two sets X and Y) The set of all possible ordered pairs of elements, the being first from X, the second from Y, written X \times Y. Formally, the set \{(x,y)\; |\; x\in X \; \text{and} \; y\in Y\}.


lexentry: eng/Carthusian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carthusian
trans_list: Kartuzi
sense:
A member of a Christian contemplative order of monks founded by Bruno of Cologne (St Bruno) in 1084.


lexentry: eng/Caspian_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caspian Sea
trans_list: Morze Kaspijskie
sense:
A landlocked sea (properly a saline lake) between Eastern Europe and Asia, and the Earth’s largest inland body of water.


lexentry: eng/Cassandra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cassandra
trans_list: kasandra
sense:
A person who makes dire predictions, especially those which are not believed but which turn out to be true.


lexentry: eng/Cassandra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cassandra
trans_list: Kasandra
sense:
(Greek mythology) A prophetess who was daughter of King Priam of Troy and his queen Hecuba. She captured the eye of Apollo and was granted the ability to see the future; however, she was destined never to be believed.


lexentry: eng/Cassia_crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cassia crossbill
trans_list: krzyżodziób wyżynny
sense:
Loxia sinesciuris, a passerine bird in the family Fringillidae, endemic to the South Hills and Albion Mountains in southern Idaho.


lexentry: eng/Cassiopeia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cassiopeia
trans_list: Kasjopeja
sense:
(Greek mythology) Proud wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda, queen of Ethiopia. When she boasted that her beauty was equal to that of the Nereids, she was punished by Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Cassiopeia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cassiopeia
trans_list: Kasjopeja
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky representing Queen Cassiopeia from Greek myth. The constellation lies between Cepheus and Perseus and contains the stars Schedar and Caph.


lexentry: eng/Castilian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Castilian
trans_list: kastylijski
sense:
(inexact, sometimes, _, offensive) Synonym of Spanish, the language of Spain and its former colonies.


lexentry: eng/Catalan_Countries__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catalan Countries
trans_list: Kraje katalońskie
sense:
The territories where Catalan is spoken, and these regions are Catalonia, Valencian Community, the Balearic Islands, the Aragon Strip and the Carxe (in Spain), the Northern Catalonia (in France), the Alghero (in Italy), and Andorra.


lexentry: eng/Catalan_Countries__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Catalan Countries
trans_list: Kraje katalońskie
sense:
A name given to the country that will be formed in a hypothetical and independent political union of all Catalan-speaking regions.


lexentry: eng/Catalan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catalan
trans_list: kataloński
sense:
The Romance language of Catalonia, an autonomous region in the northeast of Spain, also spoken in the Valencian autonomous region (where the language is officially named valencià), the Balearic Islands, Andorra, Roussillon in France, and the Sardinian city of Alghero.


lexentry: eng/Catch-22__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catch-22
trans_list: Paragraf 22 | błędne koło | paradoks literacki
sense:
(idiomatic) A difficult situation from which there is no escape because it involves mutually conflicting or dependent conditions.


lexentry: eng/Cathar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cathar
trans_list: katar
sense:
A member of certain so self-styled Novatian and other medieval Christian sects embracing a form of dualism and extraordinary practices purportedly adhering to Mary Magdalene's teachings, persecuted by Roman Catholics as heretics.


lexentry: eng/Cathay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cathay
trans_list: Kataj
sense:
(archaic) China, specifically medieval northern China as reached by the overland Silk Road to Xi'an or Beijing, not known at the time to be related to southern China as reached by the maritime routes to Guangzhou.


lexentry: eng/Catholic_Church__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catholic Church
trans_list: Kościół katolicki
sense:
The Catholic Church, which consists of 24 particular churches in full communion with the Pope as the Bishop of Rome.


lexentry: eng/Caucasian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caucasian
trans_list: kaukaski
sense:
(anthropology, dated) Of a racial classification pertaining to people having certain phenotypical features such as straight, curly, or wavy hair and very light to brown pigmented skin, and originating from Europe, parts of Northern Africa and Central, South, and Western Asia.


lexentry: eng/Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caucasus
trans_list: Kaukaz
sense:
(geopolitical) A geopolitical region in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, deriving its name from the aforementioned mountains.


lexentry: eng/Celtiberian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtiberian
trans_list: celtyberyjski
sense:
An extinct Indo-European language of the Celtic branch spoken by these people in an area of the Iberian Peninsula lying between the headwaters of the Duero, Tajo, Júcar and Turia rivers and the Ebro river.


lexentry: eng/Celtic_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtic Sea
trans_list: Morze Celtyckie
sense:
A sea in British Isles, Europe, in the Atlantic The area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded by Saint George's Channel, the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay.


lexentry: eng/Celtic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtic
trans_list: celtycki
sense:
A branch of the Indo-European languages that was spread widely over Western and Central Europe in the pre-Christian era.


lexentry: eng/Celtic_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtic studies
trans_list: celtologia
sense:
(humanities) the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to a Celtic people


lexentry: eng/Cenozoic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cenozoic
trans_list: era kenozoiczna | kenozoik
sense:
(geology) A geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon comprising the Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary periods from about 65 million years ago to the present, when the continents moved to their current position and modern plants and animals evolved.


lexentry: eng/Centaurus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Centaurus
trans_list: Centaur
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky (and autumn of the southern sky) with the outline of a centaur. It includes the stars Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman), Proxima Centauri, and Hadar.


lexentry: eng/Central_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Central Asia
trans_list: Azja Środkowa
sense:
A landlocked area of continental Asia comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. In the USSR and the modern Russia, the area is called Middle Asia (Средняя Азия).


lexentry: eng/Central_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Central Europe
trans_list: Europa Środkowa
sense:
A geographic region in the center of Europe, usually including Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Central_European__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A Central European person; one who comes from or lives in Central Europe.
written_rep: Central European
trans_list:
Centralna Europejka | centralny Europejczyk | Środkowa Europejka | Środkowoeuropejczyk | Środkowoeuropejka | Środkowy Europejczyk


lexentry: eng/Cepheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cepheus
trans_list: Cefeusz
sense:
(Greek mythology) Husband of Cassiopeia, king of Eritrea, father of Andromeda. There may be two mythical kings by this name.


lexentry: eng/Cepheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cepheus
trans_list: Cefeusz
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, located between Draco and Cassiopeia and representing the king Cepheus from Greek myth. It contains the star Alderamin.


lexentry: eng/Cerberus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cerberus
trans_list: Cerber
sense:
(Greek mythology) The giant three-headed dog who guards the entrance to Hades; and one of the many offspring of Echidna and Typhon.


lexentry: eng/Ceres__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ceres
trans_list: Ceres
sense:
(astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, the innermost dwarf planet; officially called (1) Ceres. (see usage notes)


lexentry: eng/Cetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cetus
trans_list: Wieloryb
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a whale. It includes the star Mira.


lexentry: eng/Chad__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chad
trans_list: Czad
sense:
Lake Chad (a freshwater lake at the junction of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon in Central Africa).


lexentry: eng/Chagatai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chagatai
trans_list: język czagatajski
sense:
An extinct literary Turkic language used in Central Asia and Bashkortostan between the 15th and the 20th century.


lexentry: eng/Chalcedon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chalcedon
trans_list: Chalkedon
sense:
An ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor in modern Turkey, almost directly opposite Byzantium.


lexentry: eng/Chaldea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chaldea
trans_list: Chaldeja
sense:
A region in the southern portion of Babylonia, Lower Mesopotamia, lying chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates, but commonly used to refer to the whole of the Mesopotamian plain.


lexentry: eng/Chamaeleon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chamaeleon
trans_list: Kameleon
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, imagined to resemble a chameleon, which lies south of the constellations Carina and Musca.


lexentry: eng/Champa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Champa
trans_list: Czampa
sense:
(historical) A collection of Cham polities in what is now Vietnam from the 2nd century through 1832.


lexentry: eng/Channel_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Channel Islands
trans_list: Wyspy Normandzkie
sense:
A group of islands of the Duchy of Normandy in the English Channel: Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm, Brecqhou, Lihou, Jethou and Burhou.


lexentry: eng/Charlemagne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Charlemagne
trans_list: Karol Wielki
sense:
One of the kings of the Franks from 768 to 814, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 until his death in 814.


lexentry: eng/Charles's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Charles's law
trans_list: prawo Charles'a
sense:
(physics) The law stating that the density of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.


lexentry: eng/Chartism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chartism
trans_list: czartyzm
sense:
(historical) A working-class movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century.


lexentry: eng/Chechen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chechen
trans_list: Czeczen | Czeczenka
sense:
A member of a Nakh people of the northern Caucasus and resident in the Russian republic of Chechnya.


lexentry: eng/Chekist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chekist
trans_list: czekista | czekistka
sense:
(historical) An agent of the Cheka, the Soviet Russian secret police from 1917 to 1922, replacing the Okhrana secret police of Tsarist Russia; succeeded by the OGPU and NKVD.


lexentry: eng/Chernihiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chernihiv
trans_list: Czernihów
sense:
A port city, the administrative centre of Chernihiv Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, in northern Ukraine, on the Desna River.


lexentry: eng/Chernivtsi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chernivtsi
trans_list: Czerniowce
sense:
A city, administrative centre, and raion of Chernivtsi Oblast, in the Bukovyna region, Ukraine, on the Prut river.


lexentry: eng/Chernobyl__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chernobyl
trans_list: Czarnobyl
sense:
A partially abandoned city and ghost town in northern Ukraine, known as the site of a nuclear disaster.


lexentry: eng/Cheshire_cat__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cheshire cat
trans_list: Kot z Cheshire | Kot-Dziwak z Cheshire
sense:
A fictional cat with a broad fixed grin, made popular by Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865).


lexentry: eng/Chicago__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chicago
trans_list: Chicago
sense:
A large city, the county seat of Cook County, in northeastern Illinois, United States, located on Lake Michigan.


lexentry: eng/Chiers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chiers
trans_list: muszka
sense:
A river in Europe that flows for about 130 km (81 mi) through Luxembourg, Belgium and France; it joins the Meuse near Sedan.


lexentry: eng/Chimera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chimera
trans_list: Chimera
sense:
(Greek mythology) A supposed fire-breathing monster in Lycia with the head of a lion, body of a goat, and tail of a dragon or snake, killed by the hero Bellerophon.


lexentry: eng/China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: China
trans_list: Chiny | Chińska Republika Ludowa
sense:
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.


lexentry: eng/China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: China
trans_list: Chiny
sense:
The principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/China_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: China syndrome
trans_list: chiński syndrom
sense:
(idiomatic, nuclear physics, uncountable) A hypothetical kind of catastrophic failure in which a nuclear reactor melts through the floor of its containment system and penetrates the Earth's surface, continuing downward as if (from a Western Hemispheric point of view) traveling through the planet toward China.


lexentry: eng/Chinatown__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinatown
trans_list: chińska dzielnica
sense:
A district of a city or town (in a country other than China) in which there is a large concentration of Chinese residents and businesses.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_Crested_Dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese Crested Dog
trans_list: grzywacz chiński
sense:
A toy dog that resembles a long-snouted Chihuahua with tufts of hair about the head and ears, tail and feet.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: chiński
sense:
Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: Chińczycy | pismo chińskie
sense:
(uncountable, collective) The citizens of China, particularly citizens of the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: chiński | mandaryński
sense:
(uncountable) The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Southern Min, and other closely related language varieties and dialects.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_water_torture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese water torture
trans_list: chińska tortura wodna
sense:
A form of torture in which water is repetitively dripped onto the forehead of a victim who is restrained.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_whispers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese whispers
trans_list: głuchy telefon
sense:
(games, mostly, UK) A game for several players in which a phrase, whispered by each person in turn to their neighbour, is often unwittingly misunderstood as it is transferred, to humorous effect by the time it reaches the last person and is compared with the original phrase.


lexentry: eng/Chiron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chiron
trans_list: Chiron
sense:
(astronomy, astrology) A centaur (minor planet) and comet-like/asteroid-like object, orbiting between Saturn and Uranus.


lexentry: eng/Chitral__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chitral
trans_list: Czitral
sense:
The capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Chitral River, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It also served as the capital of the princely state of Chitral until 1969.


lexentry: eng/Chloris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chloris
trans_list: Chloris
sense:
(Greek god) A nymph and the goddess of flowers and spring. She is a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, the wife of Zephyrus, and mother of Karpos. Her Roman counterpart is Flora.


lexentry: eng/Christian_Democracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christian Democracy
trans_list: chadecja | chrześcijańska demokracja
sense:
A political ideology incorporating traditional family and church values alongside progressive values, such as welfare. It is closely linked with Roman Catholicism and its philosophy of economic and social justice.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas Day
trans_list: Boże Narodzenie | pierwszy dzień świąt
sense:
The day on which Christmas is celebrated. It is December 25 in the West, and January 7 in some Eastern Orthodox churches.


lexentry: eng/Christmas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas
trans_list: Boże Narodzenie
sense:
(originally, Christianity) A festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas Day) in most places.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_season__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Christmas season
trans_list: okres bożonarodzeniowy | okres świąteczny
sense:
Christmastide, Yuletide; the Twelve Days of Christmas, starting on Christmas Day and ending on Epiphany, January 6.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas tree
trans_list: choinka
sense:
A conifer used during the Christmas holiday season, typically decorated with lights and ornaments and often a star or angel at its tip.


lexentry: eng/Christology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christology
trans_list: chrystologia
sense:
(uncountable) A field of study within Christian theology which is concerned with the nature of Jesus Christ, particularly with how the divine and human are related in his person.


lexentry: eng/Christology__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Christology
trans_list: chrystologia
sense:
(countable) A particular theory or viewpoint within the field of Christology, e.g. Chalcedonian Christology, Arian Christology, etc.


lexentry: eng/Chronicles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chronicles
trans_list: Księga Kronik
sense:
(book of the bible) A book of the Jewish Tanakh, divided into two Books of Chronicles in the Christian Bible.


lexentry: eng/Chrysostom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chrysostom
trans_list: Chryzostom
sense:
The epithet of John Chrysostom, Dio Chrysostom and several other people, given to them for their eloquence.


lexentry: eng/Chudskoye__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chudskoye
trans_list: Jezioro Czudzkie | Pejpus
sense:
A large freshwater lake on the border between Russia and Estonia, part of the larger Pskovsko-Chudskoye (Russian)/Peipus (Estonian) lake system.


lexentry: eng/Chukchi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chukchi
trans_list: czukocki
sense:
(uncountable) A Paleosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.


lexentry: eng/Church_Father__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church Father
trans_list: Ojciec Kościoła
sense:
(Christianity) One of a number of male Christian writers from Antiquity whose doctrinal work is considered authoritative by the later church.


lexentry: eng/Church_Slavonic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church Slavonic
trans_list: cerkiewno-słowiański
sense:
A liturgical language of various Slavic church traditions, with dialectal basis of Old Church Slavonic mixed with vernacular lexical and phonological developments.


lexentry: eng/Church_of_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church of England
trans_list: Kościół Anglii
sense:
The English branch of the Christian Church; (since the 16th century) specifically the established Protestant church in England which is the mother church of the Anglican Communion.


lexentry: eng/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
trans_list: Kościół Jezusa Chrystusa Świętych w Dniach Ostatnich
sense:
The major denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded in the United States by Joseph Smith; the Mormon Church.


lexentry: eng/Chuukese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chuukese
trans_list: język chuuk
sense:
A member of an ethnic group in Oceania who speak the Chuukese language and constitute 48% of the population of the Federated States of Micronesia.


lexentry: eng/Cilicia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cilicia
trans_list: Cylicja
sense:
(historical) An ancient region in southeastern Asia Minor, famed for cilice — haircloth made from the hair of Cilician goats


lexentry: eng/Cinderella__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cinderella
trans_list: Kopciuszek
sense:
A popular fairy tale embodying a classic folk tale myth-element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward.


lexentry: eng/Circinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Circinus
trans_list: Cyrkiel
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a compass. It lies between the constellations of Centaurus and Triangulum Australe.


lexentry: eng/Cistercian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cistercian
trans_list: cysters
sense:
A member of a monastic order which follows the Benedictine rule and emphasizes silent contemplative prayer.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Arabic
trans_list: klasyczny język arabski
sense:
The form of the Arabic language used in literary texts around the 8th to 10th centuries, standardized from ancient dialects of Arab tribes and the Qur'an.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Latin
trans_list: łacina klasyczna
sense:
The Latin language as spoken and written in formal speeches, literature, the arts, etc., by the ancient Romans.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Nahuatl__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Nahuatl
trans_list: nahuatl
sense:
The variants of the Nahuatl language spoken in central Mexico at the time of the Spanish colonization.


lexentry: eng/Clean_Monday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clean Monday
trans_list: Czysty Poniedziałek
sense:
(Christianity) The seventh Monday before Easter, (Eastern Christianity) traditionally regarded as the beginning of Lent


lexentry: eng/Cleopatra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cleopatra
trans_list: Kleopatra
sense:
A given name of women in the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt; notably Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt (69–30 BCE); last of the Ptolemy line.


lexentry: eng/Clio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clio
trans_list: Klio
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of history and heroic poetry, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne.


lexentry: eng/Clytemnestra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clytemnestra
trans_list: Klitajmestra
sense:
(Greek mythology) wife of Agamemnon, whom she killed after the Trojan War, whereupon was killed herself by their son Orestes


lexentry: eng/Cold_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cold War
trans_list: zimna wojna
sense:
(historical) The period of hostility short of open war between the Soviet Bloc and the Western powers, especially the United States, between 1945 and 1991.


lexentry: eng/Colorado__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colorado
trans_list: Kolorado
sense:
A major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Colorado_beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colorado beetle
trans_list: stonka ziemniaczana
sense:
A beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, formerly Doryphora decemlineata, with black and yellow stripes, that is a serious pest of potatoes.


lexentry: eng/Colossians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colossians
trans_list: List do Kolosan
sense:
(biblical) The twelfth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Colossae which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Columbia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Columbia
trans_list: Kolumbia
sense:
District of Columbia The federal capital region of the United States of America, including Washington, D.C.


lexentry: eng/Coma_Berenices__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coma Berenices
trans_list: Warkocz Bereniki
sense:
(constellation) A small dim summer constellation of the northern sky, said to represent an offering of hair from Queen Berenice II of Egypt. Originally considered to represent the tuft of hair on the end of Leo's tail.


lexentry: eng/Comecon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Comecon
trans_list: RWPG
sense:
(historical) Abbreviation of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, a multinational economic organization that existed in the Eastern Bloc from 1949 to 1991.


lexentry: eng/Comintern__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Comintern
trans_list: Komintern
sense:
(historical) An international association of Communist parties, established in 1919 by Vladimir Lenin and dissolved in 1943.


lexentry: eng/Common_Era__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Common Era
trans_list: naszej ery
sense:
(chronology) The secular equivalent of anno Domini and the Christian Era, the internationally recognized method of numbering years on the Gregorian calendar.


lexentry: eng/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Commonwealth of Independent States
trans_list: Wspólnota Niepodległych Państw | WNP
sense:
An alliance and confederation of nine former Soviet republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed as a successor to the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Commonwealth_of_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Commonwealth of Nations
trans_list: Wspólnota Narodów
sense:
An association of independent, sovereign states most of which formerly constituted the British Empire.


lexentry: eng/Comoros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Comoros
trans_list: Komory
sense:
A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa. Official name: Union of the Comoros.


lexentry: eng/Confederate_States_of_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Confederate States of America
trans_list: Skonfederowane Stany Ameryki
sense:
(historical) An unrecognized nation existing from 1861–1865, consisting of the eleven Southern states who sought independence from the United States of America over the issue of slavery.


lexentry: eng/Confucianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Confucianism
trans_list: konfucjanizm
sense:
The philosophy and teaching of Confucius, which emphasizes self-cultivation, collective harmony, righteousness and the family structure.


lexentry: eng/Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Congo
trans_list: Demokratyczna Republika Konga | Kongo
sense:
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo; official name: Democratic Republic of the Congo; capital: Kinshasa).


lexentry: eng/Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Congo
trans_list: Kongo | Kongo (Brazzaville)
sense:
Congo, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; official name: Republic of the Congo; capital: Brazzaville).


lexentry: eng/Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Congo
trans_list: Kongo
sense:
A large river in Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo.


lexentry: eng/Congress_Poland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Congress Poland
trans_list: Królestwo Kongresowe | Kongresówka | Królestwo Polskie
sense:
(historical) The Kingdom of Poland created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.


lexentry: eng/Conté__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Conté
trans_list: Conté
sense:
(art) A drawing medium, usually square in cross-section, composed of compressed powdered charcoal or graphite mixed with a clay or wax base. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Copernicus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Copernicus
trans_list: Kopernik
sense:
Nicolaus Copernicus, a mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Coptic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coptic
trans_list: język koptyjski
sense:
The Afroasiatic language traditionally spoken by the Copts in Egypt, now extinct and used only as a liturgical language.


lexentry: eng/Corfu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corfu
trans_list: Korfu
sense:
An island in Greece, one of the Ionian Islands. The ancient name is Corcyra (Κόρκυρα), in Modern Greek Kérkira (Κέρκυρα).


lexentry: eng/Corinthians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corinthians
trans_list: List do Koryntian
sense:
(biblical) Either of the two books in the New Testament of the Bible that are written as epistles to the people of Corinth and which are attributed to Paul the Apostle, Sosthenes and Timothy.


lexentry: eng/Cornwall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cornwall
trans_list: Kornwalia
sense:
The country of the Cornish, currently having the status of a royal duchy in England belonging to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch, and consisting at least of the Cornwall County and the Isles of Scilly.


lexentry: eng/Cornwall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Cornwall
trans_list: Kornwalia
sense:
The westernmost of the three historical counties of Jamaica, bordered by the county of Middlesex in the east; named for the English county.


lexentry: eng/Corpus_Christi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corpus Christi
trans_list: Boże Ciało
sense:
(Christianity) A feast day in honor of the Eucharist, observed by Roman Catholics and high-church Anglicans on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Corsica__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corsica
trans_list: Korsyka
sense:
An island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia.


lexentry: eng/Corvus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corvus
trans_list: Kruk
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky south of the constellation Virgo, said to resemble a crow.


lexentry: eng/Cossack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cossack
trans_list: Kozak | kozak | Kozaczka
sense:
A member or descendant of an originally (semi-)nomadic population of Eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia, formed in part of runaways from neighbouring countries, that eventually settled in parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian tsarist Empire and constituted a military caste, particularly in areas now comprising southern Russia and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Council_of_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Council of Europe
trans_list: Rada Europy
sense:
An international organisation focused on protecting human rights, democracy, rule of law in Europe, with headquarters in Strasbourg, France.


lexentry: eng/Coventry__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coventry
trans_list: Coventry
sense:
An industrial city and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, in central England, historically in Warwickshire.


lexentry: eng/Crater__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crater
trans_list: Puchar
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a cup. It lies between the constellations Virgo and Hydra.


lexentry: eng/Cretaceous__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cretaceous
trans_list: kreda
sense:
(geology) The geologic period within the Mesozoic era that comprises lower and upper epochs from about 146 to 66 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
trans_list: choroba Creutzfeldta-Jakoba
sense:
(disease, neurology) A rare, progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system, characterized by dementia and loss of muscle control. It is a prion disease, apparently transmissible from animals to humans by eating infected tissue, as well as from tissue interchanges among humans (e.g. corneal transplants, blood transfusions).


lexentry: eng/Crimea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimea
trans_list: Krym
sense:
Synonym of Crimean peninsula: A peninsula in the Black Sea, Europe, officially part of Ukraine, annexed by Russia. A peninsula which juts southwards out of the Ukrainian mainland (to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop) into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Sea of Azov from the Black Sea.


lexentry: eng/Crimea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Crimea
trans_list: Krym
sense:
(historical) Synonym of Crimean Khanate: A historical country in Crimean Peninsula, Europe. The Crimean Khanate, which for much of its history controlled most of the Crimean peninsula and various adjacent areas of the mainland.


lexentry: eng/Crimean_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimean War
trans_list: wojna krymska
sense:
(historical) A conflict held mostly in the Crimean Peninsula between October 1853 and February 1856, in which Russian troops were defeated to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.


lexentry: eng/Crimean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimean
trans_list: krymski
sense:
Denoting, of, or related to Crimea, a peninsula on the north of the Black Sea, separating it from the Sea of Azov.


lexentry: eng/Croatia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Croatia
trans_list: Chorwacja
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Croatia. Capital and largest city: Zagreb. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.


lexentry: eng/Croatian_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Croatian studies
trans_list: kroatystyka
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Croatian language, Croatian linguistics, and Croatian sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Cronus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cronus
trans_list: Kronos
sense:
(Greek mythology) The youngest of the twelve Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia; father to the first generation of Olympian gods and goddesses.


lexentry: eng/Crown_prosecutor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crown prosecutor
trans_list: prokurator
sense:
(British, Canadian, Australian) The state prosecutor; the legal party responsible for presenting the case against an individual in a criminal trial.


lexentry: eng/Crusade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crusade
trans_list: krucjata
sense:
Any of a series of religious campaigns by Christian forces from the 11th to the 13th century, mostly to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims who occupied it.


lexentry: eng/Crux__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crux
trans_list: Krzyż Południa
sense:
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross. It appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.


lexentry: eng/Ctesiphon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ctesiphon
trans_list: Ktezyfon
sense:
(historical) An ancient capital of Parthia and later of the Sassanid Persian Empire, on the Tigris near Baghdad in present-day Iraq, abandoned in the 7th and 8th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Cthulhu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cthulhu
trans_list: Cthulhu
sense:
A gigantic fictional humanoid alien god being described with a head resembling an octopus and dragon wings and claws, around whom an insane cult developed.


lexentry: eng/Cuba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cuba
trans_list: Kuba
sense:
A country, and the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean. Capital and largest city: Havana.


lexentry: eng/Cuman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cuman
trans_list: Połowiec
sense:
(historical) A member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia who ruled parts of Eurasia and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Cupid__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cupid
trans_list: Amor | Kupidyn | Kupido
sense:
(Roman god) The god of love, son of Venus; sometimes depicted as a cherub (a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow). The Roman counterpart of Eros.


lexentry: eng/Curaçao__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Curaçao
trans_list: Curaçao
sense:
An island in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Cyclades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyclades
trans_list: Cyklady
sense:
An Aegean island chain in southeast-central Greece, surrounding the main island Delos, further including the islands of Andros, Naxos, Paros, Santorini, Syra, Tinos and Zea.


lexentry: eng/Cygnus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cygnus
trans_list: Łabędź
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a swan. It includes the triple star system HD 188753 and the stars Deneb and Albireo.


lexentry: eng/Cynic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cynic
trans_list: cynik
sense:
A member of a sect of Ancient Greek philosophers who believed virtue to be the only good and self-control to be the only means of achieving virtue.


lexentry: eng/Cyprus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyprus
trans_list: Cypr
sense:
An island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia. Official name: Republic of Cyprus. Capital: Nicosia.


lexentry: eng/Cyrillic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyrillic
trans_list: cyrylicki
sense:
Denoting an alphabet devised for writing the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language, and its adaptations used for several languages of Eastern Europe and Asia; of or relating to this writing system.


lexentry: eng/Czech_hedgehog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Czech hedgehog
trans_list: jeż
sense:
(military) A static antitank and anti-landing craft obstacle, widely used during World War II, constructed from three mutually-perpendicular steel rails connected in the form of a tripod.


lexentry: eng/DNA__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: DNA
trans_list: DNA
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).


lexentry: eng/DVD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: DVD
trans_list: DVD
sense:
(countable) Initialism of digital video/versatile disc; an optical disc on which video is recorded in digital format, such as commercially-released movies and other video media.


lexentry: eng/D_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: D major
trans_list: D-dur
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯, the key signature of which has two sharps.


lexentry: eng/Dacia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dacia
trans_list: Dacja
sense:
An ancient region and former kingdom located in the area now known as Romania. The Dacian kingdom was conquered by the Romans and later named Romania after them.


lexentry: eng/Daco-Romanian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daco-Romanian
trans_list: dakorumuński
sense:
The standard Romanian language, distinguished from the Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian), Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian languages.


lexentry: eng/Dada__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dada
trans_list: dadaizm
sense:
A cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland during and as a reaction to World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920, which primarily involved visual arts, literature (mainly poetry), theatre, and graphic design, and was characterized by deliberate irrationality, disillusionment, cynicism, nihilism, randomness, and rejection of the prevailing standards in art.


lexentry: eng/Daffy_Duck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daffy Duck
trans_list: Kaczor Daffy
sense:
A fictional anthropomorphic black duck in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated cartoons by Warner Bros.


lexentry: eng/Dalai_Lama__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dalai Lama
trans_list: dalajlama
sense:
(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.


lexentry: eng/Daltonism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daltonism
trans_list: ślepota barw
sense:
(medicine, pathology) Inability or defective ability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, especially red-green color blindness.


lexentry: eng/Damascus_steel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Damascus steel
trans_list: stal damasceńska
sense:
A kind of steel used in swordmaking from about 300 BC to 1700 AD, characterized by distinctive patterns of banding and mottling reminiscent of flowing water.


lexentry: eng/Danish_pastry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Danish pastry
trans_list: cząstka
sense:
A sweet and flaky yeast-raised roll made from a dough using butter or margarine and filled with remonce (butter and sugar) or custard.


lexentry: eng/Dantesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dantesque
trans_list: dantejski
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of Dante; characterized by a formal, elevated tone and somber focus.


lexentry: eng/Danube__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Danube
trans_list: Dunaj
sense:
A river in Europe; flowing 2850 km from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania.


lexentry: eng/Danzig__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Danzig
trans_list: Gdańsk
sense:
Gdańsk (especially in reference to the times when it was part of a German-speaking state such as Prussia or Germany).


lexentry: eng/Dari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dari
trans_list: dari
sense:
The variety of the Persian language that is chiefly used in Afghanistan, contrasted with varieties spoken elsewhere such as Iranian Persian or Tajik.


lexentry: eng/Dari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Dari
trans_list: dari
sense:
(historical, now less common) A variety of Middle Persian which served as the court language of the late Sasanian Empire.


lexentry: eng/Darwinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Darwinian
trans_list: darwinistyczny | darwinowski
sense:
Of or pertaining to the scientific views advanced by the English biologist, geologist, and naturalist Charles Darwin, especially his theory that living organisms evolve through the natural selection of inherited variations that increase organisms' ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.


lexentry: eng/Darwinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Darwinism
trans_list: darwinizm
sense:
The principles of natural selection set out in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), more strictly defined by August Weismann and developed by other authors into a central part of the modern evolutionary synthesis.


lexentry: eng/Daurian_jackdaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daurian jackdaw
trans_list: kawka srokata
sense:
An Asian bird of the crow family (Coloeus dauuricus) closely related to the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula).


lexentry: eng/David__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: David
trans_list: Dawid
sense:
(biblical character) The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon.


lexentry: eng/Dažbog__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dažbog
trans_list: Dadźbog
sense:
(Slavic god) One of the major gods of Slavic mythology, most likely a solar deity and possibly a cultural hero.


lexentry: eng/Dead_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dead Sea
trans_list: Morze Martwe
sense:
A lake in the Middle East in Israel, Palestine and Jordan, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth.


lexentry: eng/Death__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Death
trans_list: śmierć
sense:
The personification of death, often a skeleton with a scythe, and one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse.


lexentry: eng/Decameron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Decameron
trans_list: Dekameron
sense:
A collection of 100 short stories by Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio, probably begun in 1350 and finished in 1353.


lexentry: eng/December__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: December
trans_list: grudzień
sense:
The twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar, following November and preceding the January of the following year, containing the southern solstice.


lexentry: eng/Dedekind_cut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dedekind cut
trans_list: przekrój Dedekinda
sense:
(mathematics) Any partition of the set of rational numbers into non-empty sets A and B such that all elements of A are less than all elements of B and A contains no greatest element; intended as a construction of a real number.


lexentry: eng/Delphinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Delphinus
trans_list: Delfin
sense:
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dolphin. It lies between the constellations Cygnus and Aquila.


lexentry: eng/Demeter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demeter
trans_list: Demeter
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of the fertility of the Earth and harvests, protector of marriage and social order; daughter of Cronos and Rhea, mother to Persephone.


lexentry: eng/Demiurge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demiurge
trans_list: autor
sense:
(Platonism) The subordinate being that fashions the perceptible world in the light of eternal ideas.


lexentry: eng/Demiurge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Demiurge
trans_list: demiurg
sense:
(gnosticism) A prideful, inferior being that creates the material world; frequently identified with the creator God of the Hebrew Bible.


lexentry: eng/Democrat__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Democrat
trans_list: demokrata
sense:
(US, _, politics, proscribed, pejorative, offensive) Of or belonging to the Democratic Party in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Democritus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Democritus
trans_list: Demokryt
sense:
A Greek philosopher (c.460-c.370 BC). The originator of the atomic theory together with his teacher Leucippus.


lexentry: eng/Demosthenes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demosthenes
trans_list: Demostenes
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, famously borne by Demosthenes, the Athenian statesman and orator of 4th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Denmark-Norway__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Denmark-Norway
trans_list: Królestwo Danii i Norwegii
sense:
(historical) A former political entity consisting of the united kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including overseas Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.


lexentry: eng/Denmark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Denmark
trans_list: Dania
sense:
A town and local government area (Shire of Denmark) in the Great Southern region, Western Australia.


lexentry: eng/Desdemona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Desdemona
trans_list: Desdemona
sense:
Othello's wife in Shakespeare's play The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, noted for being a victim of jealousy.


lexentry: eng/Detroit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Detroit
trans_list: Detroit
sense:
The largest city and former capital of Michigan, United States, a major port on the Detroit River, known as the traditional automotive center of the U.S. It is the county seat of Wayne County.


lexentry: eng/Deutsche_Mark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Deutsche Mark
trans_list: marka
sense:
(historical, numismatics) The former currency unit of Germany (now replaced by the euro), abbreviated as DM or DEM.


lexentry: eng/Devanagari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Devanagari
trans_list: dewanagari
sense:
An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.


lexentry: eng/Diana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Diana
trans_list: Diana
sense:
(Roman god) The daughter of Latona and Jupiter, and twin sister of Apollo; the goddess of the hunt, associated wild animals and the forest or wilderness, and an emblem of chastity; the Roman counterpart of Artemis.


lexentry: eng/Dionysus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dionysus
trans_list: Dionizos
sense:
(Greek god) The god of wine, ivy and grapes, specifically its intoxication and social influence, but also the patron of agriculture and the theater. Also related to the mystery of religion, as in "spiritual intoxication".


lexentry: eng/Discordianism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Discordianism
trans_list: dyskordianizm
sense:
A minor modern religion with absurdist elements, often seen as a parody, based on the worship of Eris, the Greek goddess of discord and confusion.


lexentry: eng/Disneyland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Disneyland
trans_list: Disneyland
sense:
The archetypical theme park, located in Anaheim, California. Other Disneyland theme parks exist in other cities such as Chessy (Seine-et-Marne, France), Tokyo, Shanghai, and Hong Kong.


lexentry: eng/Doctor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Doctor
trans_list: doktor
sense:
The title of an academic or medical doctor (a person who holds a doctorate); used before or instead of the doctor's name.


lexentry: eng/Don_Quixote__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Don Quixote
trans_list: Don Kichot | Donkiszot
sense:
A famous 1605–1615 Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), whose full title is El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha (The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha).


lexentry: eng/Don__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Don
trans_list: Don
sense:
A river, the fifth-longest in Europe, in Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Volgograd and Rostov Oblasts, Russia. It flows 1870 kilometers (1160 miles) to the Sea of Azov.


lexentry: eng/Donald_Duck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donald Duck
trans_list: Kaczor Donald
sense:
One of the Disney cartoon characters, an anthropomorphic white-feathered duck who usually wears a sailor suit and is known for his voice especially in tantrums.


lexentry: eng/Donatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donatism
trans_list: donatyzm
sense:
(Christianity) An early Christian belief which maintained that apostate priests were incapable of administering the sacraments, as opposed to the orthodox view that any sacrament administered by a properly ordained priest or bishop is valid, regardless of how sinful he is or if he has converted to another religion.


lexentry: eng/Donetsk_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donetsk People's Republic
trans_list: Doniecka Republika Ludowa
sense:
A Russian-backed, partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, on 7 April, 2014.


lexentry: eng/Donetsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donetsk
trans_list: Donieck
sense:
(city and raion) A city, administrative centre, and raion of Donetsk Oblast, in the Donbas region, in eastern Ukraine, on the Kalmius river.


lexentry: eng/Donohue_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donohue syndrome
trans_list: krasnoludkowatość | leprechaunizm | zespół Donohue
sense:
(genetic disorder) A rare, severe genetic disorder resulting in elfin facial features and an impaired insulin receptor.


lexentry: eng/Doppler_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Doppler effect
trans_list: efekt Dopplera
sense:
The apparent change in frequency or wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves.


lexentry: eng/Dorado__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dorado
trans_list: Złota Ryba
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a goldfish or swordfish. It lies between the constellations Pictor and Reticulum, and is notable for containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud.


lexentry: eng/Dornfelder__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dornfelder
trans_list: Dornfelder
sense:
(uncountable) A dark-skinned grape variety used for red wine, developed as a hybrid (Helfensteiner × Heroldrebe) by August Herold in 1955 at the Staatliche Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt für Wein- und Obstbau Weinsberg (State Education and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Weinsberg) in Württemberg, Germany.


lexentry: eng/Dorset__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dorset
trans_list: Dorset
sense:
A maritime county of England, bounded by Somerset, Wiltshire, Hampshire, Devon and the English Channel.


lexentry: eng/Down_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Down syndrome
trans_list: zespół Downa
sense:
(neurology, chiefly, US, Australia, New Zealand) A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (a chromosomal excess), whereby the patients typically have a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, as well as a small head and tilted eyelids. [from 1961.]


lexentry: eng/Draco__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Draco
trans_list: Smok
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dragon. It features a line of stars (including Thuban) that winds between Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.


lexentry: eng/Dravidian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dravidian
trans_list: Drawida | Drawidyjka
sense:
A member of any of several aboriginal peoples of India and Sri Lanka thought to have spread in India before Aryan migration.


lexentry: eng/Dravidian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dravidian
trans_list: drawidyjski
sense:
A family of related ethnicities and languages primarily in Southern India, Northeast Sri Lanka, and parts of Pakistan and Bangladesh.


lexentry: eng/Drin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Drin
trans_list: Drin
sense:
The longest river in Albania, flowing about 190 km across the north of the country from the confluence of the rivers Black Drin and White Drin near Kukës, west through the Fierza Reservoir then south through Lake Koman to the town of Vau i Dejës; it then splits into the Large Drin which flows into the river Buna at the Rozafa Castle near Shkodër and the Small Drin which flows into the Gulf of Drin southwest of Lezhë.


lexentry: eng/Drina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Drina
trans_list: Drina
sense:
A river that flows northward 160 miles along the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia to empty into the Sava River.


lexentry: eng/Duckburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Duckburg
trans_list: Kaczogród
sense:
A fictional city, located in the fictional US state of Calisota, that serves as the home of Donald Duck, his surrounding cast, and several other anthropomorphic animals.


lexentry: eng/Dutch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch
trans_list: Holender | Holenderka | Holendrzy | Niderlandczycy | Niderlandczyk | Niderlandka
sense:
(collective) The people of the Netherlands, or one of certain ethnic groups descending from the people of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Dutch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch
trans_list: holenderski | niderlandzki
sense:
The main language of the Netherlands, Flanders (i.e., the northern half of Belgium) and Suriname; Netherlandic.


lexentry: eng/Dutch_auction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Dutch auction
trans_list: aukcja holenderska
sense:
A reverse auction that starts at a high price that is gradually reduced by the auctioneer until someone is willing to buy.


lexentry: eng/Dutch_elm_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch elm disease
trans_list: holenderska choroba wiązu
sense:
(plant disease) A disease of elm trees caused by ascomycete fungi in the genus Ophiostoma and spread by bark beetles.


lexentry: eng/Dönmeh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dönmeh
trans_list: Donmeh | Dönme
sense:
(historical) A group of crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire who, to avoid imprisonment after declaring arrival of the doomsday messiah, converted publicly to Islam, but retained their Jewish beliefs in secret.


lexentry: eng/ECG__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ECG
trans_list: EKG
sense:
(cardiology) Initialism of electrocardiogram; initialism of electrocardiography; initialism of electrocardiograph.


lexentry: eng/EEA__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: EEA
trans_list: EOG
sense:
Initialism of European Economic Area (the area consisting of the European Union plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein).


lexentry: eng/EEC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: EEC
trans_list: EWG
sense:
(historical) Initialism of European Economic Community, forerunner of the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU).


lexentry: eng/E_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: E major
trans_list: E-dur
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D♯, the key signature of which has four sharps.


lexentry: eng/Earthling__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Earthling
trans_list: Ziemianin | Ziemianka
sense:
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of Earth, as opposed to one of another planet; specifically, a sentient member of any species native to Earth. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/East_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Asia
trans_list: Azja Wschodnia
sense:
The eastern part of Asia inclusive of China proper, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan and sometimes inclusive of Mongolia and Tibet and some or all of Southeast Asia and the Philippines.


lexentry: eng/East_China_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East China Sea
trans_list: Morze Wschodniochińskie
sense:
A marginal sea east of China, south of the Korean Peninsula, west of the Ryukyu Islands, and north of Taiwan.


lexentry: eng/East_Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Germany
trans_list: Niemcy Wschodnie
sense:
(historical, 1949–1990) A former Communist country of Central Europe between 1949 and 1990, officially called the German Democratic Republic (GDR), capital East Berlin.


lexentry: eng/East_Malaysia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Malaysia
trans_list: Malezja Wschodnia
sense:
The eastern half of the country of Malaysia on the island of Borneo, consisting of Sarawak, Sabah and Labuan.


lexentry: eng/East_Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Prussia
trans_list: Prusy Wschodnie
sense:
(historical) A historical province of Prussia and Germany, since WWII divided between Poland and Russia. A small part of the territory is part of Lithuania.


lexentry: eng/East_Siberian_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Siberian Sea
trans_list: Morze Wschodniosyberyjskie
sense:
A marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. This sea is bordering on the Laptev Sea in the West and the Chukchi Sea in the East.


lexentry: eng/East_Timor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Timor
trans_list: Timor Wschodni
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor. Official name: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. Capital: Dili.


lexentry: eng/East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: East
trans_list: Orient | Wschód
sense:
The Eastern world; the regions, primarily situated in the Eastern Hemisphere, whose culture is derived from Arabia, India, Persia or China.


lexentry: eng/Easter_Sunday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter Sunday
trans_list: Niedziela Wielkanocna
sense:
(Christianity) Easter Day, a Christian religious moveable holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.


lexentry: eng/Easter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter
trans_list: Wielkanoc | Pascha
sense:
A Christian feast commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, celebrated on the first Sunday (and Monday) following the full moon that occurs on or next after the vernal equinox, ranging in most of Western Christianity (such as Protestantism and Roman Catholicism) from March 22 to April 25, and in Eastern Christianity (such as the Coptic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church) from April 4 to May 8.


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter egg
trans_list: pisanka | kraszanka | jajko wielkanocne
sense:
A dyed or decorated egg, traditionally associated with Easter and, in the Western European tradition, sometimes hidden for children to find.


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Easter egg
trans_list: easter egg
sense:
(computing, video games) An undocumented function hidden in a program or video game, typically triggered by a particular input sequence or combination of keystrokes. [from 1980s]


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Easter egg
trans_list: easter egg
sense:
(by extension) Any image, feature, or other content that is hidden on a video disc or in a movie, trailer, or poster.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Bloc__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Bloc
trans_list: blok wschodni
sense:
(geopolitics, historical) The largely Communist countries of the eastern world, usually Eastern Europe and especially in the Cold War era.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Europe
trans_list: Europa Wschodnia
sense:
A socio-politic geographical area of eastern Europe usually including the European countries to the east of Germany, Austria and Italy, and to the west of the Urals. However, a less common definition of the region excludes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Baltic states and some parts of the Balkans - placing them in Central Europe instead.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Herzegovinian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Herzegovinian
trans_list: wschodniohercegowiński
sense:
A Shtokavian subdialect that is the basis for all modern literary Serbo-Croatian standards: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Orthodox_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Orthodox Church
trans_list: Kościół ortodoksyjny | Kościół prawosławny
sense:
One of the major branches of Christianity; it comprises the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church and other patriarchates.


lexentry: eng/Echo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Echo
trans_list: Echo
sense:
(Greek mythology) An oread, punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others.


lexentry: eng/Eden__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eden
trans_list: Eden
sense:
(biblical) A garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Edwards_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Edwards syndrome
trans_list: zespół Edwardsa
sense:
A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 18th chromosome, and characterised by organ defects and developmental delays.


lexentry: eng/Egyptian_cobra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Egyptian cobra
trans_list: kobra egipska | wąż Kleopatry
sense:
A species of cobra found in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (Naja haje) often referred to as an asp.


lexentry: eng/Eid_al-Fitr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eid al-Fitr
trans_list: Id al-Fitr
sense:
(Islam) The religious celebration at the end of Ramadan, on the first day of the tenth month of the Muslim lunar calendar.


lexentry: eng/Eiffel_Tower__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eiffel Tower
trans_list: wieża Eiffla
sense:
An iron tower built in 1889 on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris; a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.


lexentry: eng/Eileithyia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eileithyia
trans_list: Ejlejtyja
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of childbirth and midwifery; the daughter of Zeus and Hera; the Greek counterpart of the Roman Lucina.


lexentry: eng/Einstein__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Einstein
trans_list: Einstein
sense:
Albert Einstein, the world-famous 20th-century theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity.


lexentry: eng/Ekavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ekavian
trans_list: ekawski
sense:
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /e/.


lexentry: eng/Elba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elba
trans_list: Laba
sense:
An Italian island in the Tuscan Archipelago off the west coast of Italy, between the Italian coast and Corsica


lexentry: eng/Elbe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elbe
trans_list: Łaba
sense:
A river in central Europe that passes through the Czech Republic and Germany before flowing into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Elbrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elbrus
trans_list: Elbrus
sense:
An inactive volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia. Elbrus's highest peak is the highest mountain in the Caucasus, and in Russia.


lexentry: eng/Elector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elector
trans_list: elektor
sense:
(historical) A German prince entitled to elect the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; a prince-elector.


lexentry: eng/Electra_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Electra complex
trans_list: kompleks Elektry
sense:
(psychoanalysis) The theory that a female's psychological development involves a sexual attachment to the father and jealousy of the mother.


lexentry: eng/Elizabethan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elizabethan
trans_list: elżbietanin | elżbietańczyk
sense:
A person (especially a writer) who lived during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, monarch of England and Ireland, from 1558 to 1603.


lexentry: eng/Elizabethanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elizabethanism
trans_list: elżbietanizm
sense:
A word, usage, or linguistic feature particular to the literature of England in the Elizabethan period.


lexentry: eng/Ember_day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ember day
trans_list: suche dni
sense:
(Christianity) Any of the three days within the same week, four separate sets of which occur roughly equidistant in the circuit of the year, that are set aside for fasting and prayer. In Western Christianity they are usually the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday following the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsunday, Holy Cross Day (14 September), and Saint Lucy's Day (13 December).


lexentry: eng/England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: England
trans_list: Anglia
sense:
The kingdom established in southeast Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927 and its various successor states, now the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom


lexentry: eng/English_Channel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English Channel
trans_list: La Manche | Kanał La Manche
sense:
The arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the British Isles from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/English__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: English
trans_list: angielski | język angielski
sense:
(uncountable) Facility with the English language, ability to employ English correctly and idiomatically.


lexentry: eng/English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English
trans_list: angielski | język angielski
sense:
The language originating in England but now spoken in all parts of the British Isles, the Commonwealth of Nations, North America, and other parts of the world.


lexentry: eng/English_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English studies
trans_list: anglistyka | filologia angielska
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the English language, English linguistics, and English sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Englishman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Englishman
trans_list: Anglik
sense:
A native or inhabitant of England; a man who is English by ancestry, birth, descent, or naturalisation. [from 7th c.]


lexentry: eng/Englishwoman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Englishwoman
trans_list: Angielka
sense:
A female native or inhabitant of England; a woman who is English by birth, descent or naturalisation.


lexentry: eng/Enlightenment__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Enlightenment
trans_list: Oświecenie
sense:
A 17th- and 18th-century philosophical movement in European history; the Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason emphasizing rationalism.


lexentry: eng/Eos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eos
trans_list: Eos
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the dawn; daughter of Hyperion and Theia, sister of Helios and Selene, wife of Astraeus (god of the dusk), and mother of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets"). Her Roman counterpart is Aurora.


lexentry: eng/Ephesians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ephesians
trans_list: List do Efezjan
sense:
(biblical) The tenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Ephesus which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Epicureanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Epicureanism
trans_list: epikureizm
sense:
(sometimes, _, proscribed) Synonym of hedonism, general pursuit of pleasure, particularly refined and knowledgeable enjoyment of good food, drink, and similar sensual pleasures.


lexentry: eng/Epimetheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Epimetheus
trans_list: Epimeteusz
sense:
(Greek mythology) Son of Iapetus and Clymene, brother to Atlas, Menoetius and Prometheus, of whom he ignored warnings to beware of any gifts from Zeus. He accepted Pandora as his wife, thereby bringing sorrow to the world; father to Pyrrha.


lexentry: eng/Epirus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Epirus
trans_list: Epir
sense:
(historical) A larger historical kingdom in roughly the same region, widely extended by the Greek general and king Pyrrhus during the early Hellenistic period.


lexentry: eng/Epirus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Epirus
trans_list: Epir
sense:
A region in northwest Greece; one of the thirteen peripheries (administrative regions) of modern Greece.


lexentry: eng/Epona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Epona
trans_list: Epona
sense:
(mythology) In Gallo-Roman religion, a goddess of fertility and protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules.


lexentry: eng/Equuleus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Equuleus
trans_list: Źrebię
sense:
(constellation) The second smallest constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a little horse. It lies west of the constellation Aquarius.


lexentry: eng/Erasmus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erasmus
trans_list: Erazm
sense:
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam), a Dutch humanist and theologian.


lexentry: eng/Erinyes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erinyes
trans_list: Erynie
sense:
(Greek god) The Furies; the goddesses of vengeance against serious moral offence (such as oath-breaking), latterly known as protectors of Athens, of pre-Olympian origin and variously described as having sprung from the spilled blood of Uranus or as daughters of Nyx; identified with the Roman Dirae.


lexentry: eng/Eris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eris
trans_list: Eris | Eryda
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;(religion, Discordianism) the same figure as principal deity of Discordianism, regarded as the goddess of disorder.


lexentry: eng/Eris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Eris
trans_list: Eris
sense:
(astronomy) The celestial body 136199 Eris, the most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the largest known object in the scattered disk; formerly nicknamed Xena.


lexentry: eng/Erlenmeyer_flask__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erlenmeyer flask
trans_list: erlenmajerka
sense:
(chemistry) A glass laboratory flask of a conical profile with a narrow tubular neck and a flat bottom, used to manipulate solutions or carry out titrations.


lexentry: eng/Eros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eros
trans_list: Eros
sense:
(Greek god) The god of love and sexual desire; son of either Erebus and Nyx or Aphrodite and Ares. His Roman counterpart is Cupid.


lexentry: eng/Esbjerg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Esbjerg
trans_list: Esbjerg
sense:
A port city, the seat of Esbjerg municipality, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark, on the North Sea. The second-largest city in its region and the fifth-largest city in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Eskimo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eskimo
trans_list: Eskimosi
sense:
(dated, sometimes, offensive) A group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik.


lexentry: eng/Esperantist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Esperantist
trans_list: esperantysta | esperantystka
sense:
A specialist or speaker of Esperanto, the international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof.


lexentry: eng/Esperanto__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Esperanto
trans_list: esperanto
sense:
An international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof with a base vocabulary inspired by Indo-European languages such as English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Russian, and having a streamlined grammar with completely regular conjugations, declensions, and inflections.


lexentry: eng/Estonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Estonia
trans_list: Estonia
sense:
A country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Official name: Republic of Estonia.


lexentry: eng/Estonian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Estonian SSR
trans_list: Estońska SRR
sense:
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for the Republic of Estonia while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1940–1991, name changed in 1990).


lexentry: eng/Estuary_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Estuary English
trans_list: Estuary English
sense:
(British) A variety of English accent, spreading out from London into the area of the Thames estuary, containing features of received pronunciation, Cockney and other regional accents.


lexentry: eng/Eswatini__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eswatini
trans_list: Eswatini
sense:
A country in Southern Africa, formerly called Swaziland. Official name: Kingdom of Eswatini. Capitals: Mbabane and Lobamba.


lexentry: eng/Etruria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Etruria
trans_list: Etruria
sense:
(historical) An ancient country in Italian Peninsula, located between the Arno and Tiber rivers, corresponding to modern day Tuscany in Western Italy; the home of Etruscans.


lexentry: eng/Eucharist__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Eucharist
trans_list: eucharystia
sense:
The substances received during this sacrament, namely the bread and wine, seen as Christ’s body and blood.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean geometry
trans_list: geometria euklidesowa
sense:
(geometry) The familiar geometry of the real world, based on the postulate that through any two points there is exactly one straight line.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean space
trans_list: przestrzeń euklidesowa
sense:
Ordinary n-dimensional space, characterized by an infinite extent along each dimension and a constant distance between any pair of parallel lines.


lexentry: eng/Eudaimonia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eudaimonia
trans_list: eudajmonia
sense:
(ethics) In Aristotelian ethics, a condition of living a life of the highest virtue; the state of human flourishing, which is desirable in and of itself, rather than as a means towards some other end.


lexentry: eng/Euler's_formula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Euler's formula
trans_list: wzór Eulera
sense:
(differential geometry) Formula which calculates the normal curvature of an arbitrary direction in the tangent plane in terms of the principal curvatures \kappa_1 and \kappa_2 and the angle \theta which that direction makes with the first principal direction:


lexentry: eng/Euphrates__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euphrates
trans_list: Eufrat
sense:
A river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf. It forms the Western edge of classical Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Eurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurasia
trans_list: Eurazja
sense:
The largest and most populous landmass on Earth, consisting of Europe and Asia; sometimes also including neighboring islands. [1881]


lexentry: eng/Eurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Eurasia
trans_list: Eurazja
sense:
A region comprising parts of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia; the countries of the former Soviet Union and the sphere of influence of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Eurasian_jay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurasian jay
trans_list: sójka
sense:
A widespread species of jay, usually crested and with pinkish-brown plumage and a harsh screech (Garrulus glandarius).


lexentry: eng/Eurasian_teal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurasian teal
trans_list: cyraneczka | cyraneczka zwyczajna
sense:
Anas crecca, a common and widespread duck which breeds in temperate Palearctic and migrates south in winter.


lexentry: eng/Euripides__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euripides
trans_list: Eurypides
sense:
A Greek tragedian (c. 480–406 B.C.E.); Euripides was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens.


lexentry: eng/Euro-American__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Euro-American
trans_list: euroamerykański
sense:
Of that group of Americans (natives or inhabitants of America) who are descended from European settlers, or of their culture, etc (contrasted with e.g. Native American/Amerindian)


lexentry: eng/Eurocentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocentrism
trans_list: eurocentryzm | europocentryzm
sense:
The practice of viewing the world from a European perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of European culture.


lexentry: eng/Eurocrat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocrat
trans_list: eurokrata
sense:
(slang, derogatory) An employee or minister of the European Union, typically working in Brussels or Strasbourg.


lexentry: eng/Eurodance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurodance
trans_list: eurodance
sense:
A type of European synthesizer-driven dance music which became popular worldwide in the early- to mid-1990s and continuing up until today.


lexentry: eng/Eurodeterrent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurodeterrent
trans_list: Eurodeterrent
sense:
The proposed unified nuclear deterrent of the European Community (before November 1993) and the European Union (after November 1993).


lexentry: eng/Eurodollar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurodollar
trans_list: eurodolar
sense:
(economics) A deposit, in US dollars, held in a bank outside of the United States (no longer necessarily in Europe)


lexentry: eng/Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Europe
trans_list: Europa
sense:
The portion of Eurasia west of the Urals, traditionally considered a continent in its own right, located north of Africa, west of Asia and east of the Atlantic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/European_Central_Bank__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Central Bank
trans_list: Europejski Bank Centralny
sense:
The Central bank for the European Union, administering the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states.


lexentry: eng/European_Council__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Council
trans_list: Rada Europejska
sense:
an institution of the European Union (EU) charged with defining the EU's overall political direction and priorities, that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission


lexentry: eng/European_Union__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Union
trans_list: Unia Europejska
sense:
A supranational organisation, consisting of 27 member states, created in the 1950s to bring the nations of Europe into closer economic and political connection.


lexentry: eng/European_bitterling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European bitterling
trans_list: goryczak żółciowy
sense:
A fish of species Rhodeus amarus, originating in Europe, ranging from the Rhone River basin in France to the Neva River in Russia.


lexentry: eng/European_herring_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European herring gull
trans_list: mewa srebrzysta
sense:
A common, large seagull, Larus argentatus, having a white and gray body and a yellow bill with a red spot and found in the coastal areas of Europe.


lexentry: eng/European_larch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European larch
trans_list: modrzew europejski
sense:
A deciduous conifer native to central Europe but also cultivated in England and elsewhere, Larix decidua.


lexentry: eng/European_mink__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European mink
trans_list: norka europejska
sense:
a species of mink, Mustela lutreola, found mostly in Europe, similar in appearance to the American mink.


lexentry: eng/European_polecat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European polecat
trans_list: tchórz
sense:
Mustela putorius, related to mink and weasels, native to Europe and parts of Asia, and from which certain of the animals called ferrets have been domesticated.


lexentry: eng/European_rabbit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European rabbit
trans_list: królik
sense:
An animal of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus, native to southwestern Europe and northwest Africa, introduced and invasive elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/European_seabass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European seabass
trans_list: wilk
sense:
A highly appreciated marine food fish found in the coastal waters of eastern Atlantic from Cape Verde to southern Norway and in the Mediterranean, (Dicentrarchus labrax).


lexentry: eng/European_shag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European shag
trans_list: kormoran czubaty
sense:
Gulosus aristotelis (syn. Phalacrocorax aristotelis), a member of the Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant) family of seabirds.


lexentry: eng/European_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European studies
trans_list: europeistyka
sense:
(humanities) an academic field of study offered by many colleges and universities that focuses on current developments in European integration


lexentry: eng/Europeanisation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Europeanisation
trans_list: europeizacja
sense:
The process whereby the people and institutions of the countries of the European Union become more European and less national.


lexentry: eng/Euroscepticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euroscepticism
trans_list: eurosceptycyzm
sense:
Opposition to or scepticism of increasing European integration, such as the EEC, the EC, the EP, the EU, the Euro.


lexentry: eng/Eurovision__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurovision
trans_list: Eurowizja
sense:
A European broadcasting system, created by the European Broadcasting Union, that produces the Eurovision Song Contest and related programmes.


lexentry: eng/Eurus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurus
trans_list: Eurus
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the East Wind, autumn, protection, comfort, balance, preservation, change, adulthood and maturity.


lexentry: eng/Eustachian_tube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eustachian tube
trans_list: trąbka Eustachiusza
sense:
(anatomy) In humans and other land vertebrates, a tube that links the nasopharynx to the cavity of the middle ear to allow the equalization of the pressure on both sides of the eardrum.


lexentry: eng/Exodus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Exodus
trans_list: Księga Wyjścia | Exodus
sense:
(book of the bible) The second of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second book in the Torah describing the Exodus.


lexentry: eng/FSB__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FSB
trans_list: FSB
sense:
(initialism, Russia, politics, espionage, law enforcement) The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.


lexentry: eng/FUBAR__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FUBAR
trans_list: POPOLUPO
sense:
(slang) Fucked up (or, bowdlerized, fouled up) beyond all recognition (or beyond all repair, or beyond all reason, or beyond any recovery).


lexentry: eng/Facebook__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Facebook
trans_list: Facebook
sense:
(trademark) A social-networking website where users can find acquaintances or "friends", exchange messages, and post updates.


lexentry: eng/Falernian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Falernian
trans_list: falerno
sense:
A wine produced from Aglianico grapes on the slopes of Mount Falernus, much esteemed in Ancient Rome.


lexentry: eng/Fallopian_tube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fallopian tube
trans_list: jajowód
sense:
(anatomy) Either of the two ducts in female mammals through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus.


lexentry: eng/Far_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Far East
trans_list: Daleki Wschód
sense:
(dated) East Asia (Korea, Japan, China, the Russian Far East, etc.), and Southeast Asia, taken as a whole.


lexentry: eng/Faroe_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faroe Islands
trans_list: Wyspy Owcze
sense:
an archipelago in the north Atlantic Ocean between Scotland and Iceland; a self-governing dependent territory of Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Faroese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faroese
trans_list: farerski
sense:
(uncountable) The language of the Faroe Islands, closely related to Icelandic, and more distantly to Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Fata_Morgana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fata Morgana
trans_list: fatamorgana
sense:
A form of mirage seen just above the horizon, caused by a temperature inversion in the atmosphere, in which multiple upright and inverted images of a distant object appear to be stacked on top of each other in a highly distorted fashion; especially one seen at sea, and particularly in the Strait of Messina.


lexentry: eng/Father's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Father's Day
trans_list: Dzień Ojca
sense:
A holiday in celebration of fatherhood, or to honor fathers, celebrated on the third Sunday of June in most of the world's countries. See Wikipedia:Father's Day:Dates.


lexentry: eng/Faustian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faustian
trans_list: faustowski | faustyczny
sense:
Of or pertaining to Faust, especially in the sense of being willing to abandon one's principles or values in order to pursue knowledge, wealth or other benefits.


lexentry: eng/Faustian_bargain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faustian bargain
trans_list: pakt z diabłem
sense:
(idiomatic) An agreement in which a person abandons his or her spiritual values or moral principles in order to obtain knowledge, wealth or other benefits.


lexentry: eng/February__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: February
trans_list: luty
sense:
The short month following January and preceding March in the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, used in all three calendars for intercalation or addition of leap days.


lexentry: eng/Federated_States_of_Micronesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Federated States of Micronesia
trans_list: Sfederowane Stany Mikronezji
sense:
The official name of Micronesia, a country consisting of about 600 islands in Oceania. Capital: Palikir.


lexentry: eng/Fenrir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fenrir
trans_list: Fenrir
sense:
(Norse mythology) A monstrous wolf, one of Loki's offspring, who bites off Tyr's right hand while being bound by the gods in fear of a prophecy that he will kill Odin, remaining so bound until the events of Ragnarok.


lexentry: eng/Feodosia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Feodosia
trans_list: Teodozja
sense:
A port and resort city and raion in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia.


lexentry: eng/Ferris_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ferris wheel
trans_list: diabelski młyn
sense:
An amusement ride, consisting of an upright rotating wheel having seats that remain in a horizontal position as the wheel revolves.


lexentry: eng/Fertile_Crescent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fertile Crescent
trans_list: Żyzny Półksiężyc
sense:
(historical) A crescent-shaped strip of fertile land stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey and down the Syrian and Israeli coasts.


lexentry: eng/Feynman_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Feynman diagram
trans_list: diagram Feynmana
sense:
(physics) A pictorial representation of the interactions of subatomic particles, showing their paths in space and time as lines, and their interactions as points where lines meet.


lexentry: eng/Fiji__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fiji
trans_list: Fidżi
sense:
A country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania. Capital and largest city: Suva.


lexentry: eng/Fijian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fijian
trans_list: fidżyjski
sense:
an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken on Fiji. It has 650,000 speakers, including second language users.


lexentry: eng/Finland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finland
trans_list: Finlandia
sense:
A Nordic country having borders with Sweden, Norway and Russia in Europe. Official name: Republic of Finland.


lexentry: eng/Finlandization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finlandization
trans_list: finlandyzacja
sense:
(politics) The process by which a smaller or less powerful sovereign state comes to abide by a more powerful neighbor's foreign policy rules, while retaining its independence.


lexentry: eng/Finn__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Finn
trans_list: Fin | Finka
sense:
A member of another Finnic nationality, such as (more narrowly) a Baltic Finn such as a Karelian or Estonian, or (more broadly) a Volga Finn or Perm Finn.


lexentry: eng/Finnic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Finnic
trans_list: Fin
sense:
(dated) Of the hypothetical Finno-Volgaic subgrouping of the Uralic languages that includes the Baltic-Finnic, Sami, Mordvinic and Mari languages.


lexentry: eng/Finnish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finnish
trans_list: język fiński | fiński
sense:
The Finno-Ugric language spoken by the majority of the people living in Finland, one of the two official languages of the country (the other is Swedish).


lexentry: eng/Finno-Ugric__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finno-Ugric
trans_list: ugrofiński
sense:
A group of languages that, together with Samoyedic, make up the Uralic family; they are spoken in a broad swathe from Siberia to Norway.


lexentry: eng/First_Communion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First Communion
trans_list: komunia | pierwsza komunia
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) The first time that a person, usually a child, receives the sacrament of Communion.


lexentry: eng/First_Communion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: First Communion
trans_list: komunia | pierwsza komunia
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) The celebration of the former, consisting of a solemn mass and generally a following private party.


lexentry: eng/First_Lady__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First Lady
trans_list: pierwsza dama
sense:
The wife of the chief executive of a nation; especially the wife of the President of a country; or a woman (e.g. a relative) who takes on similar public duties, as when the chief executive is unmarried.


lexentry: eng/First_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First World
trans_list: Pierwszy Świat
sense:
(historical, politics) Those countries aligned with the West during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the East (Second World).


lexentry: eng/Flanders__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Flanders
trans_list: Flandria
sense:
Ellipsis of French Flanders, a former province of France, now constituting the French department Nord.


lexentry: eng/Flaubertian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flaubertian
trans_list: flaubertowski
sense:
Of or relating to Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880), influential French novelist in the style of literary realism.


lexentry: eng/Flemish__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flemish
trans_list: flamandzki
sense:
Of or relating to Flanders, either as the historical county of Flanders (the current provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders in Belgium, Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands and French Flanders); or as the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.


lexentry: eng/Flora__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flora
trans_list: Flora
sense:
(Roman god) the goddess of flowers, nature and spring; she is also the wife of Favonius and the mother of Karpos. She is the Roman counterpart of Chloris.


lexentry: eng/Floréal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Floréal
trans_list: floréal
sense:
(historical) The eighth month of the French Republican Calendar, from April 20 or 21 to May 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Flying_Dutchman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flying Dutchman
trans_list: Latający Holender
sense:
(nautical, _, folklore) A mythical Dutch-flagged ghost clipper that is very fast sailing, and never makes it to port, seen on the high seas, where upon being hailed, occupants request information on persons long dead, or leave messages for said people. In European naval folklore, it was considered to portend bad luck.


lexentry: eng/Flying_Fortress__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flying Fortress
trans_list: Latająca Forteca
sense:
(informal) The Boeing B-17, a United States WWII heavy bomber, based upon a reputation for toughness and reliability, as well as its relatively heavy defensive armament at the expense of bombload.


lexentry: eng/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flying Spaghetti Monster
trans_list: Latający Potwór Spaghetti
sense:
(humorous) A deity consisting of spaghetti and meatballs, the creator of the universe according to the religion of Pastafarianism.


lexentry: eng/Fomalhaut__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fomalhaut
trans_list: Fomalhaut
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Piscis Austrinus and one of the brightest stars in the night sky; Alpha (α) Piscis Austrini.


lexentry: eng/Fordism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fordism
trans_list: fordyzm
sense:
An economic and social system based on industrial mass production, where the worker is paid relatively high wages in order to buy in large quantity the products turned out in mass production.


lexentry: eng/Fornax__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fornax
trans_list: Piec
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a furnace. It lies near the constellation Eridanus.


lexentry: eng/Fortran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fortran
trans_list: Fortran
sense:
(computer language) A high-level programming language first developed in the 1950s for scientific, engineering, and numerical computation.


lexentry: eng/Foucault's_pendulum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Foucault's pendulum
trans_list: Wahadło Foucaulta
sense:
A pendulum on a long wire, free to move in any direction; the plane of its motion appears to turn (clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) as the world turns beneath it.


lexentry: eng/Fountain_of_Youth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fountain of Youth
trans_list: fontanna młodości
sense:
(mythology) A legendary spring of water with the magical property of restoring youth and health to those who bathe or drink from it.


lexentry: eng/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
trans_list: czterej jeźdźcy Apokalipsy
sense:
(biblical) Four beings in Revelation 6:1–8 that bring about the Apocalypse, each embodied as a horseman riding a different-colored horse that represents a different aspect of the Apocalypse.


lexentry: eng/Fourier_transform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fourier transform
trans_list: transformacja Fouriera
sense:
(analysis, harmonic analysis, physics, electrical engineering) A particular integral transform that when applied to a function of time (such as a signal), converts the function to one that plots the original function's frequency composition; the resultant function of such a conversion.


lexentry: eng/Francoism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Francoism
trans_list: frankizm
sense:
(historical) The period of history in Spain under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, from 1936/1939 to 1975.


lexentry: eng/Franconia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Franconia
trans_list: Frankonia
sense:
A region of Germany, comprising the northern area of modern Bavaria and lands to its immediate west.


lexentry: eng/Frank__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frank
trans_list: Frank
sense:
One of the Franks, a Germanic federation that inhabited parts of what are now France, the Low Countries and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Franklin's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Franklin's gull
trans_list: mewa preriowa
sense:
A migratory gull that breeds in the Northern Hemisphere and winters in the Southern Hemisphere; Leucophaeus pipixcan.


lexentry: eng/FreeCell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FreeCell
trans_list: FreeCell
sense:
A solitaire card game, similar to Klondike but with the addition of cells where one card can be placed at a time.


lexentry: eng/Free_City_of_Danzig__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Free City of Danzig
trans_list: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk
sense:
(historical) A sovereign state at the Baltic Sea between the World Wars I and II, encompassing the city of Danzig


lexentry: eng/Freemason__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freemason
trans_list: wolnomularz | mason
sense:
A member of the Free and Accepted Masons (sometimes entitled Ancient Free and Accepted Masons), an international fraternal and charitable organization.


lexentry: eng/French_Guiana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Guiana
trans_list: Gujana Francuska
sense:
An overseas department and administrative region of France in South America. Official name: Department of French Guiana.


lexentry: eng/French_Polynesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Polynesia
trans_list: Polinezja Francuska
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of French Polynesia.


lexentry: eng/French_Revolution__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Revolution
trans_list: rewolucja francuska | Wielka Rewolucja Francuska
sense:
A period in France of radical social and political upheaval which saw the country change from a monarchy to a republic (1789–1799).


lexentry: eng/French__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French
trans_list: francuski | francuszczyzna
sense:
(chiefly, _, uncountable) The language of France, shared by the neighboring countries Belgium, Monaco, and Switzerland and by former French colonies around the world.


lexentry: eng/French_drop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French drop
trans_list: krępulec
sense:
(magic) A sleight of hand technique by which a magician appears to pass an object from one hand to the other while in fact keeping it in the original hand.


lexentry: eng/French_leave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French leave
trans_list: wyjście po angielsku
sense:
A departure taken quietly and unnoticed, without asking for permission or informing anyone. [from mid 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/French_onion_soup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French onion soup
trans_list: cebulowa
sense:
(culinary) A soup made with onions and beef broth or beef stock, traditionally served with croutons and cheese as toppings.


lexentry: eng/Freudian_slip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freudian slip
trans_list: freudowska pomyłka
sense:
(psychology) A mistake in speech or action in which a person supposedly shows their true subconscious desires.


lexentry: eng/Freudianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freudianism
trans_list: freudyzm
sense:
(psychology, psychoanalysis) Freudian beliefs and practices, particularly the mechanism of psychological repression, the centrality of sexual desire to the development of the persona, and the efficacy of the "talking cure" or psychoanalytic technique.


lexentry: eng/Friday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Friday
trans_list: piątek
sense:
The sixth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fifth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Muslim “Sabbath”; it follows Thursday and precedes Saturday.


lexentry: eng/Frimaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frimaire
trans_list: frimaire
sense:
(historical) The third month of the French Republican Calendar, from November 21, 22 or 23 to December 20, 21 or 22.


lexentry: eng/Frisia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisia
trans_list: Fryzja
sense:
(historical) A coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea in what today is mostly a large part of the Netherlands (including present-day Frisia (see below)) and smaller parts of northern Germany (including present-day East Frisia). It is the traditional homeland of the Frisians.


lexentry: eng/Frisian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisian
trans_list: Fryzyjka | Fryz
sense:
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).


lexentry: eng/Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisian
trans_list: fryzyjski
sense:
A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Fructidor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fructidor
trans_list: fructidor
sense:
(historical) The twelfth and final month of the French Republican Calendar, from August 18 or 19 to September 16 or 17.


lexentry: eng/Fusha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fusha
trans_list: fusha | standardowy język arabski
sense:
Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, taken together: "standard" Arabic, used in religious texts, in writing, and in formal speech, as opposed to the regional "dialects" used for most daily communication.


lexentry: eng/GDPR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: GDPR
trans_list: RODO
sense:
(European Union, _, law) Initialism of General Data Protection Regulation: a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).


lexentry: eng/GPS_receiver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: GPS receiver
trans_list: nawigacja
sense:
An audiovisual device, fitted to a civilian road vehicle, that uses the military Global Positioning System (U.S. Navstar system) as an aid to navigation.


lexentry: eng/G_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: G major
trans_list: G-dur
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes G, A, B, C, D, E, F♯, the key signature of which has one sharp.


lexentry: eng/Gaelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaelic
trans_list: gaelicki
sense:
Of or relating to the Gaels, the Goidel peoples of Scotland and Ireland, and the Manx, or their languages.


lexentry: eng/Gaelic_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaelic football
trans_list: futbol gaelicki
sense:
An Irish form of football played by two teams of 15 players each, who score by kicking or punching a ball into the opposing team's goal or over a crossbar and between two upright posts above the goal.


lexentry: eng/Gaia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gaia
trans_list: Gaja
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend.


lexentry: eng/Galapagos_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galapagos Islands
trans_list: Galapagos
sense:
An archipelago off the coast of Ecuador, in the Pacific Ocean, famed for their influence on Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.


lexentry: eng/Galatians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galatians
trans_list: List do Galatów
sense:
(biblical) The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians.


lexentry: eng/Galego__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galego
trans_list: galisyjski
sense:
A language spoken in the region of Galicia in the Northwestern corner of the Spanish peninsula and which is related to Portuguese. It is believed to be the parent language of Portuguese and shares many similarities with it, but typically uses Spanish orthography.


lexentry: eng/Galician__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Galician
trans_list: Galicjanin | galicyjski | Galicjanka
sense:
(uncountable) The language of Galicia; a Romance language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Iberian peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Galileo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galileo
trans_list: Galileusz
sense:
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), an Italian thinker and key figure in the scientific revolution who improved the telescope, made astronomical observations, and put forward the basic principle of relativity in physics.


lexentry: eng/Gallurese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gallurese
trans_list: gallurski
sense:
A Romance language or dialect, transitional between Corsican and Sardinian, spoken in the historical region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia.


lexentry: eng/Gang_of_Four__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gang of Four
trans_list: banda czworga
sense:
(China, historical, politics) A leftist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials that came to prominence during the Chinese Cultural Revolution.


lexentry: eng/Ganymede__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ganymede
trans_list: Ganimedes
sense:
(Greek god) A Trojan boy who was abducted (either by Zeus or Eos), and ultimately became immortal in order to be Zeus' cupbearer.


lexentry: eng/Gaul__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaul
trans_list: Galia
sense:
(chiefly, historic) A historical region roughly corresponding to modern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, and parts of Northern Italy (Lombardy), the Netherlands, and Germany west of the Rhine.


lexentry: eng/Gehenna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gehenna
trans_list: gehenna
sense:
In rabbinical literature and Christian and Islamic scripture, the place where the souls of the wicked go after death, where they suffer eternal damnation or annihilation.


lexentry: eng/Gemini__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gemini
trans_list: Bliźnięta
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac traditionally taken to represent the pair of twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. It contains the stars Castor, Pollux, and Alhena.


lexentry: eng/Gemini__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gemini
trans_list: Bliźnięta
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the twins, ruled by Mercury and covering May 22 – June 21 (tropical astrology) or June 16 – July 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/General_Government__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: General Government
trans_list: Generalne Gubernatorstwo | Generalna Gubernia
sense:
(historical) an occupation zone established by Nazi Germany in parts of Poland (including areas that are now part of Ukraine)


lexentry: eng/Generation_X__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Generation X
trans_list: Pokolenie X
sense:
(specifically) The generation of people born after the baby boom that followed World War II, especially those born from the mid 1960s to early 1980s, sometimes characterized as cynical, disaffected, lacking direction in life, and unwilling to take part fully in society.


lexentry: eng/Geneva_Convention__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Geneva Convention
trans_list: konwencja genewska
sense:
(international law) An international treaty which defines the required treatment for prisoners of war by their captors.


lexentry: eng/George__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: George
trans_list: Jerzy
sense:
A diminutive of the en given names Georgina or Georgia; also used in the conjoined name George Ann(e).


lexentry: eng/Georgia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Georgia
trans_list: Gruzja
sense:
A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe. Official name: Georgia. Capital: Tbilisi.


lexentry: eng/Georgia__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Georgia
trans_list: Georgia | Gruzja
sense:
A state in the Southern United States. Capital: Atlanta. It is named for George II of Great Britain (1683–1760).


lexentry: eng/Georgian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Georgian
trans_list: gruziński
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Eastern European country of Georgia, the Georgian people or the Georgian language.


lexentry: eng/Georgian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Georgian
trans_list: Gruzin | Gruzinka | gruziński
sense:
(countable) A person or a descendant of a person from Georgia, a country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.


lexentry: eng/German__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: German
trans_list: Niemiec | Niemka | Germanin | Germanka
sense:
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is the most populous ethnic group in Germany; a person of German descent.


lexentry: eng/German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German
trans_list: niemiecki | niemczyzna
sense:
(uncountable) An Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) language, primarily spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and a small part of Belgium.


lexentry: eng/German_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German studies
trans_list: filologia germańska | germanistyka | filologia niemiecka
sense:
(humanities) A field that researches, documents, and disseminates German language and literature in both its historic and present forms.


lexentry: eng/Germania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germania
trans_list: Germania
sense:
(historical) Any of several geographical regions of different historical periods that were mainly inhabited by Germanic peoples.


lexentry: eng/Germanic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germanic
trans_list: germański
sense:
(linguistics) The early, undocumented ancestral language from which other Germanic languages developed, such as Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Frisian, English, German, Faroese, Icelandic, Yiddish, Norwegian and Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Germanist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germanist
trans_list: germanistka
sense:
(humanities, ;, dated) A person who studies the Germanic languages, the associated literatures and/or cultures. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Germany
trans_list: Niemcy
sense:
A country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany. Official name: Federal Republic of Germany. Capital and largest city: Berlin.


lexentry: eng/Germinal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germinal
trans_list: germinal
sense:
(historical) The seventh month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the vernal equinox (March 21 or 22) and ending on April 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Gesamtkunstwerk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gesamtkunstwerk
trans_list: synteza sztuki
sense:
Total artwork; an artistic creation such as an operatic performance that encompasses music, theatre and the visual arts.


lexentry: eng/Gethsemane__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gethsemane
trans_list: Getsemani | Ogród Oliwny | Ogrójec
sense:
A biblical location in ancient Jerusalem, a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives where, according to the four Gospels of the New Testament, Jesus underwent the agony in the garden and was arrested the night before his crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Ghibelline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghibelline
trans_list: gibelin
sense:
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Holy Roman Emperor in a long struggle against the Guelphs and the Pope.


lexentry: eng/Ghost_of_Christmas_Past__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghost of Christmas Past
trans_list: Duch minionych świąt Bożego Narodzenia
sense:
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, who visits Ebenezer Scrooge in order to show him his past, especially certain events of past Christmases that contributed to his later distaste for Christmas.


lexentry: eng/Ghost_of_Christmas_Present__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghost of Christmas Present
trans_list: duch teraźniejszych świąt Bożego Narodzenia
sense:
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, who visits Ebenezer Scrooge accompanied by a great feast in order to show him events of the current Christmas.


lexentry: eng/Ghost_of_Christmas_Yet_to_Come__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come
trans_list: duch przyszłych świąt Bożego Narodzenia
sense:
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens; it visits Ebenezer Scrooge in order to show his impending fate of death and loneliness in a future Christmas that is ultimately avoided.


lexentry: eng/Girl_Scout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Girl Scout
trans_list: skautka
sense:
(US) A member of the Girl Scouts, a worldwide youth organisation for girls, known as Girl Guides in Commonwealth countries.


lexentry: eng/Giza__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Giza
trans_list: Giza
sense:
A city on the west bank of the Nile river, Egypt, famous for its ancient monuments including the Great Sphinx of Giza and the Great Pyramid of Giza.


lexentry: eng/Glagolitic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Glagolitic
trans_list: głagolica
sense:
(linguistics) The oldest known Slavonic alphabet, designed around 862–863 by Saint Cyril in order to translate the Bible and other texts into Old Church Slavonic. Mostly replaced by Cyrillic alphabet in Orthodox Christian Slavic countries, but still in use in the Croatian Church along the Dalmatian coast, in Czech and Croatian recensions of Church Slavic.


lexentry: eng/Gnosticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gnosticism
trans_list: gnostycyzm
sense:
A wide variety of Jewish and early Christian sects having an interest in gnosis, or divine knowledge, and generally holding the belief that there is a god greater than the Demiurge, or the creator of the world.


lexentry: eng/God-fearing__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God-fearing
trans_list: bogobojny | pobożny
sense:
(religion) Following the precepts of a religious practice; respecting and revering God and his authority.


lexentry: eng/God__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God
trans_list: Bóg
sense:
The single deity of various monotheistic religions, especially the deity of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.


lexentry: eng/God_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God complex
trans_list: Kompleks Boga
sense:
An unshakable belief characterized by consistently inflated feelings of personal ability, privilege, or infallibility.


lexentry: eng/God_the_Father__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Father
trans_list: Bóg Ojciec | Pan Bóg
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the God of Abraham and the Jewish scriptures and considered the creator of mankind and Father of Jesus Christ


lexentry: eng/God_the_Holy_Ghost__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Holy Ghost
trans_list: Bóg Duch Święty
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly, inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


lexentry: eng/God_the_Son__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Son
trans_list: Syn Boży | Syn Człowieczy
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the Word of God, which became flesh—incarnated—in Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God the Father.


lexentry: eng/God_willing__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God willing
trans_list: daj Boże | jak Bóg da
sense:
Barring unforeseen circumstances, it is hoped that (while generally also indicating acceptance of God's will).


lexentry: eng/God_works_in_mysterious_ways__Proverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: God works in mysterious ways
trans_list: niezbadane są wyroki Boskie
sense:
Commenting that a seemingly unfortunate or unfavourable situation or change may be beneficial later or in the long run.


lexentry: eng/Godspeed__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Godspeed
trans_list: powodzenia | szczęść Boże | z Bogiem
sense:
(literary) Used, especially at a parting, to express the wish that the outcome of the actions of a person (typically someone about to start a journey or a daring endeavour) is positive for them.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Fleece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golden Fleece
trans_list: złote runo
sense:
(Greek mythology) A magical fleece from a winged ram guarded by the hydra in the tale of Jason and the Argonauts.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Fleece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Golden Fleece
trans_list: złote runo
sense:
A chivalric order founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy. Later awarded in Spain and Habsburg Austria.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Horde__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golden Horde
trans_list: Złota Orda
sense:
(historical) A Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.


lexentry: eng/Goldilocks__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goldilocks
trans_list: Złotowłosa
sense:
The protagonist of a traditional fairy tale. She is a golden-haired young girl who inquisitively enters the house of three bears and tries their three bowls of porridge, three chairs, and three beds, in each case finding only one that suits her.


lexentry: eng/Goliard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goliard
trans_list: goliard | wagant
sense:
(historical) A wandering student of the 12th or 13th century, whose convivial lifestyle included minstrelsy and a typical satyric Latin poetry.


lexentry: eng/Gomez's_Hamburger__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gomez's Hamburger
trans_list: Hamburger Gomeza
sense:
(astronomy) A young A0III-type star with an apparent magnitude of +14.4 in the constellation Sagittarius at a distance of 250 ±50 parsecs from Earth.


lexentry: eng/Gomorrah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gomorrah
trans_list: Gomora
sense:
(Biblical, Quranic) A city in the Middle East which, according to the Hebrew Bible and to Islamic tradition, was destroyed by God (along with Sodom) for the sins of its inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Gondwana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gondwana
trans_list: Gondwana
sense:
(geology) A southern supercontinent, formed before Pangaea between 600 and 530 million years ago, that included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Southern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/Good_Friday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Good Friday
trans_list: Wielki Piątek
sense:
(Christianity) The Friday before Easter Sunday, the commemoration of the day on which Christ was crucified.


lexentry: eng/Good_King_Henry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Good King Henry
trans_list: komosa strzałkowata
sense:
A goosefoot of species Blitum bonus-henricus (syn. Chenopodium bonus-henricus), native to Britain and much of Europe, cultivated as a vegetable.


lexentry: eng/Good_Samaritan_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Good Samaritan law
trans_list: prawo dobrego Samarytanina
sense:
(legal) A law that exempts from legal liability a person who attempts to give reasonable aid to another person who is injured, ill, or otherwise imperiled.


lexentry: eng/Goth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goth
trans_list: Got | Gotka
sense:
A member of the East Germanic people known for their invasion of the western Roman Empire and subsequent founding of successor states in Italy and Spain during Late Antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Gothenburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gothenburg
trans_list: Göteborg
sense:
A city on the west coast of Sweden, in the province of Västergötland. It is the second-largest city in Sweden.


lexentry: eng/Gothic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Gothic
trans_list: gotycki
sense:
(architecture) Of or relating to the architectural style favored in Western Europe in the 12th to 16th centuries, with high-pointed arches, clustered columns, etc. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/Gothic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Gothic
trans_list: gotycki
sense:
(literature) Of or relating to the style of fictional writing associated with Gothic fiction, emphasizing violent or macabre events in a mysterious, desolate setting. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Gothic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Gothic
trans_list: gotycki
sense:
(typography, USA) Of a sans serif typeface using straight, even-width lines, also known as grotesque.


lexentry: eng/Gotland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gotland
trans_list: Gotlandia
sense:
A municipality and county on the island of Gotland, Sweden; the only municipality there, so it, the county and island all have the same area.


lexentry: eng/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grand Duchy of Lithuania
trans_list: Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
sense:
(historical) A former European state from the 13th century until 1795, encompassing the territory of modern-day Lithuania and Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and small parts of Russia and Poland


lexentry: eng/Grand_Est__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grand Est
trans_list: Grand Est
sense:
An administrative region in northeastern France, created in 2016 by the fusion of Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne.


lexentry: eng/Grand_Slam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Grand Slam
trans_list: Wielki Szlem
sense:
(tennis) The four biggest competitions of the year: Wimbledon, the French Open, Australian Open and the US Open


lexentry: eng/Grandmaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grandmaster
trans_list: arcymistrz | arcymistrzyni
sense:
(chess) A player of the highest rank, as determined by FIDE, with an Elo rating of at least 2500. [From 1950.]


lexentry: eng/Graz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Graz
trans_list: Graz
sense:
The capital of and largest city in the state of Styria, Austria, and the second-largest city in the country.


lexentry: eng/Great_Bear__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Bear
trans_list: Wielka Niedźwiedzica
sense:
(constellation) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a large bear. It is part of the constellation Ursa Major and includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.


lexentry: eng/Great_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Britain
trans_list: Wielka Brytania
sense:
(geographical) an island and sometimes including some of the surrounding smaller islands) off the north-west coast of Western Europe made up of England, Scotland, and Wales.


lexentry: eng/Great_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Great Britain
trans_list: Wielka Brytania
sense:
(historical, or, loosely) The United Kingdom, or its predecessor the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801).


lexentry: eng/Great_Depression__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Depression
trans_list: Wielki kryzys
sense:
(economics, business, finance, historical) A major economic collapse characterized by mass unemployment and limited business activity that lasted from 1929 to 1940 in the US and a similar period in many other countries.


lexentry: eng/Great_Game__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Game
trans_list: wielka gra
sense:
(historical) The strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia, mainly during the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Great_Hours__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Hours
trans_list: Wielkie Godziny
sense:
A particularly solemn celebration in the Eastern Orthodox Church, occurring thrice a year: on the Eve of the Nativity, the Eve of Theophany, and Great Friday.


lexentry: eng/Great_Lakes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Lakes
trans_list: Wielkie Jeziora Północnoamerykańskie
sense:
A group of five lakes on the United States–Canada border, consisting of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (Lake Michigan–Huron), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.


lexentry: eng/Great_Leap_Forward__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Leap Forward
trans_list: Wielki skok naprzód
sense:
(historical) A vast economic and social plan lasting from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use the Chinese population to rapidly transform the Communist China from a primarily agrarian economy by peasant farmers into a modern communist society through agriculturalization and industrialization, but failed disastrously (resulting in massive famine and the deaths of many millions of people).


lexentry: eng/Great_Patriotic_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Patriotic War
trans_list: wielka wojna ojczyźniana
sense:
(historical, in Soviet or Russian contexts) the German-Soviet war (a portion of World War II fought between the USSR and Nazi Germany between 1941 and 1945)


lexentry: eng/Great_Purge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Purge
trans_list: Wielki terror
sense:
(Soviet Union, historical) A campaign of extensive political purge and repression from 1936 to 1938, led by Joseph Stalin and executed by the NKVD to purge his political opponents.


lexentry: eng/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Pyramid of Giza
trans_list: Piramida Cheopsa
sense:
The largest and most famous of the Egyptian pyramids, and the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.


lexentry: eng/Great_Russia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Russia
trans_list: Wielkorosja
sense:
(historical, obsolete) The territories of "Russia proper", the land that formed the core of Muscovy and, later, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Great_Satan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Satan
trans_list: Wielki Szatan
sense:
(pejorative, mostly used by Muslims, especially in Iran) The United States of America, particularly with regard to its perceived imperialist foreign policy.


lexentry: eng/Great_Schism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Schism
trans_list: Wielka schizma wschodnia
sense:
(Christianity, historical) The split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church in 1054.


lexentry: eng/Great_Vowel_Shift__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Vowel Shift
trans_list: wielka przesuwka samogłoskowa
sense:
(phonology) A major change in the pronunciation of the English language, affecting the sounds of long vowels, that took place in England between 1350 and 1700.


lexentry: eng/Great_Wall_of_China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Wall of China
trans_list: Wielki Mur Chiński
sense:
An ancient Chinese fortification, almost 4,000 miles long, originally designed to protect China from the Mongols.


lexentry: eng/Greater_Armenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater Armenia
trans_list: Armenia Większa
sense:
(historical) Ancient Armenian kingdom in the Armenian Highlands, stretching from Euphrates to Kura river, Caspian Sea and lake Urmia, and existing from 190 B.C.E. to 428 C.E.. Traditionally divided into 15 provinces: Aghdznik, Artsakh, Ayrarat, Corduene, Gugark, Moxoene, Parskahayk, Paytakaran, Sophene, Syunik, Tayk, Turuberan, Upper Armenia, Utik, Vaspurakan.


lexentry: eng/Greater_London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater London
trans_list: Wielki Londyn
sense:
An administrative area in England combining the City of London, the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs. Greater London borders (anticlockwise) Essex, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Surrey and Kent.


lexentry: eng/Greek_Orthodox_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek Orthodox Church
trans_list: Grecki Kościół Prawosławny
sense:
A group of Eastern Orthodox churches comprising the churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Cyprus and Greece.


lexentry: eng/Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek
trans_list: grecki | greka
sense:
The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly, depending on context, Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.


lexentry: eng/Greek_fire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek fire
trans_list: ogień grecki
sense:
(historical) A highly flammable substance of unknown composition first used by the Greeks of Constantinople in the 7th century C.E. to set fire to enemy ships, buildings etc.


lexentry: eng/Greek_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek salad
trans_list: sałatka grecka
sense:
A salad, popular in Greece, normally consisting of tomatoes, olives and feta cheese among other ingredients.


lexentry: eng/Gregorian_calendar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gregorian calendar
trans_list: kalendarz gregoriański
sense:
The calendar currently used in the western world. It replaced the Julian calendar and was devised to halt the slow drift of the vernal equinox towards earlier in the year.


lexentry: eng/Grim_Reaper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grim Reaper
trans_list: Ponury Żniwiarz | kostucha | śmiertka
sense:
A personification of Death as an old man, or a skeleton, carrying a scythe, taking souls to the afterlife.


lexentry: eng/Groundhog_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Groundhog Day
trans_list: Dzień Świstaka
sense:
An annual festival held in Canada and the USA on February 2 in which the arrival time of the spring season is predicted by whether or not a certain groundhog can see its shadow.


lexentry: eng/Grus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grus
trans_list: Żuraw
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a crane. It contains the star Alnair and lies south of the constellation Piscis Austrinus.


lexentry: eng/Gryffindor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gryffindor
trans_list: Gryffindor | Gryfon
sense:
(sometimes used attributively) A person having traits associated with Gryffindor house from the Harry Potter series, including bravery, boldness, or an affinity for lions or the colours red and gold.


lexentry: eng/Guadeloupe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Guadeloupe
trans_list: Gwadelupa
sense:
An archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe.


lexentry: eng/Guam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guam
trans_list: Guam
sense:
An unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Territory of Guam.


lexentry: eng/Guaraní__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guaraní
trans_list: guarani
sense:
South-American Indian language of the Tupí-Guaraní family; spoken in Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.


lexentry: eng/Guelph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guelph
trans_list: gwelf
sense:
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Pope in a long struggle against the Ghibellines and the Holy Roman Emperor.


lexentry: eng/Guidonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guidonian
trans_list: gwidoński
sense:
Of or relating to Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – after 1033), Italian music theorist and pedagogue of the medieval era, regarded as the inventor of modern musical staff notation.


lexentry: eng/Guillain-Barré_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guillain-Barré syndrome
trans_list: zespół Guillaina-Barrégo
sense:
(neurology, disease) Rapid-onset muscle weakness, often severe and sometimes fatal, resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function, associated with various viral and other infections.


lexentry: eng/Guinea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guinea
trans_list: Gwinea
sense:
(historical) The coastal region of West Africa between Morocco and the Congo, particularly the north shore of the Gulf of Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_Stream__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf Stream
trans_list: Golfsztrom | Prąd Zatokowy | Golfstrom
sense:
The warm ocean current issuing from the Gulf of Mexico, flowing northeastwards along the coast of North America to the Grand Banks where it breaks eastwards across the Atlantic Ocean and helps to maintain warm temperatures along the western coasts of the British Isles.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Alaska__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Alaska
trans_list: Zatoka Alaska
sense:
An arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Finland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Finland
trans_list: Zatoka Fińska
sense:
An arm of the Baltic Sea that separates the European countries of Estonia and Finland. On its eastern end, the Neva at the Russian city of St. Petersburg empties into it.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Riga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Riga
trans_list: Zatoka Ryska
sense:
The inland body of water that is part of the Baltic Sea in eastern Europe and is near Latvia and Estonia.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Thailand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Thailand
trans_list: Zatoka Tajlandzka
sense:
An inland body of water in the Pacific Ocean that is southeast of Southeast Asia below the countries of Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, and is close to the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia.


lexentry: eng/Gummy_Bears__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gummy Bears
trans_list: gumiś
sense:
A kind of gummy candy, a type of confectionery made from gelatine, in the miniature form of a toy bear.


lexentry: eng/Gunpowder_Plot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gunpowder Plot
trans_list: spisek prochowy
sense:
(British) A failed plot, in November 1605, to kill the Protestant king James I of England and VI of Scotland, and to blow up the House of Lords using gunpowder, annually commemorated on Guy Fawkes Day.


lexentry: eng/Guy_Fawkes_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guy Fawkes Day
trans_list: Noc Guya Fawkesa
sense:
(UK) November 5, a holiday in England since the 17th century commemorating the failure of the 1605 Gunpowder Plot.


lexentry: eng/Guy_Fawkes_Night__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guy Fawkes Night
trans_list: Noc Guya Fawkesa
sense:
(British) The revelry on Guy Fawkes Day (the 5th of November) in commemoration of the failure of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, traditionally including the burning of effigies of the pope, Guy Fawkes, and/or the Devil.


lexentry: eng/Guyana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guyana
trans_list: Gujana
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Co-operative Republic of Guyana. Capital and largest city: Georgetown.


lexentry: eng/Gypsy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gypsy
trans_list: Cygan | Cyganka
sense:
(sometimes, offensive) A member of the Romani people, or one of the sub-groups (Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc).


lexentry: eng/Gülenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gülenist
trans_list: gulenista
sense:
(Turkey, politics) A supporter of the social movement led by Turkish Islamic scholar and preacher Fethullah Gülen.


lexentry: eng/HTTP_cookie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HTTP cookie
trans_list: ciasteczko | cookie
sense:
(Internet) A packet of information sent by a server to a World Wide Web browser and then returned by the browser each time it accesses that server, used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions, for example, to identify the user.


lexentry: eng/Habakkuk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Habakkuk
trans_list: Księga Habakuka | Habakuk
sense:
A prophetic book in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the minor prophets; or the eighth part of the Tere Asar in the Jewish Tanakh.


lexentry: eng/Hades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hades
trans_list: Hades
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Hagia_Sophia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hagia Sophia
trans_list: Hagia Sofia
sense:
A mosque in Istanbul, Turkey, (historical) the former patriarchal church of Greek Orthodoxy, operated as a museum 1935–2020.


lexentry: eng/Haitian_Creole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haitian Creole
trans_list: kreolski haitański
sense:
A language spoken in Haiti; developed first as a creole based on French and several West African languages.


lexentry: eng/Halloween__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Halloween
trans_list: Halloween
sense:
The eve of All Hallows' Day; October 31st; celebrated (mostly in English-speaking countries) by children going door-to-door in costume and soliciting candy with menaces.


lexentry: eng/Hamas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hamas
trans_list: Hamas
sense:
A militant Palestinianist and Sunni Muslim movement that presses for an independent, Palestinian Islamic state and the Palestinian right of return.


lexentry: eng/Hamiltonian_cycle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hamiltonian cycle
trans_list: Hamiltonian
sense:
(graph theory) A Hamiltonian path with an additional connection between the first and last vertices visited, forming a cycle.


lexentry: eng/Hamlet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hamlet
trans_list: Hamlet
sense:
The eponymous main character of William Shakespeare's play, whose father's ghost, murdered by Hamlet's uncle, exhorts him to seek revenge.


lexentry: eng/Hampshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hampshire
trans_list: Hampshire
sense:
A maritime county in the south of England, United Kingdom bordered by Berkshire, Surrey, West Sussex, Dorset, Wiltshire, the English Channel and the Solent separating it from the Isle of Wight; the county town is Winchester.


lexentry: eng/Han__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Han
trans_list: Han | dynastia Han
sense:
An imperial Chinese dynasty, ruling (with interruptions) from 206 BC to AD 220, marked by the expansion of the Yellow River's Huaxia culture to the recent conquests of the Qin and a flowering of economic, literary, and scientific development


lexentry: eng/Hand_of_Fatima__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hand of Fatima
trans_list: ręka Fatimy
sense:
An apotropaic symbol, in both Jewish and Islamic cultures, serving as a talisman against the "evil eye".


lexentry: eng/Hansard__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hansard
trans_list: Hansard
sense:
(chiefly, Britain, Commonwealth) The official report of debates and other proceedings in the British and some Commonwealth parliaments.


lexentry: eng/Hanse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanse
trans_list: hanza
sense:
(historical) A merchant guild, particularly the Fellowship of London Merchants (the "Old Hanse") given a monopoly on London's foreign trade by the Normans or its successor, the Company of Merchant Adventurers (the "New Hanse"), incorporated in 1497 and chartered under Henry VII and Elizabeth I.


lexentry: eng/Hanseatic_League__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanseatic League
trans_list: Hanza | Liga Hanzeatycka
sense:
(historical) The commercial and military alliance of Low German merchant guilds and privileged market towns which dominated trade along the coasts of northern Europe from the mid-12th to mid-17th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Hansel_and_Gretel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hansel and Gretel
trans_list: Jaś i Małgosia
sense:
A German fairy tale, recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812, about the siblings named Hansel and Gretel who are threatened by a cannibalistic witch who lives in a house made of cake and bread.


lexentry: eng/Hanukkah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanukkah
trans_list: Chanuka | Święto Świateł | Święto Świec
sense:
(Judaism) An eight-day Jewish festival, starting on the 25th day of Kislev, which commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem after the victory of the Maccabees over the Greek Syrians.


lexentry: eng/Haratin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haratin
trans_list: Haratyni
sense:
A member of a group of dark-skinned African people in Maghreb and Western part of Sahara (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), who often form a distinct social class.


lexentry: eng/Harvest_Festival__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Harvest Festival
trans_list: dożynki
sense:
(UK) church festival celebrating the harvest, held at the end of September or the beginning of October


lexentry: eng/Harvey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Harvey
trans_list: Herweusz
sense:
The Shire of Harvey, a local government area in this area of Western Australia, which includes the town.


lexentry: eng/Harz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Harz
trans_list: Góry Harcu
sense:
A mountain range in central Germany; its rugged terrain extends across parts of in Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.


lexentry: eng/Haskell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Haskell
trans_list: Haskell
sense:
(programming language) A general-purpose purely functional programming language with support for recursive functions and pattern matching.


lexentry: eng/Hasmonean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hasmonean
trans_list: hasmonejski
sense:
(historical) Of or relating to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged; Maccabean.


lexentry: eng/Hauts-de-France__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hauts-de-France
trans_list: Hauts-de-France
sense:
An administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy.


lexentry: eng/Hawaii__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Hawaii
trans_list: Hawaje
sense:
(specifically) An island in Hawaii archipelago, Pacific Ocean, of Hawaii County, State of Hawaii, United States. The largest of the Hawaiian Islands.


lexentry: eng/Hawaiian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hawaiian
trans_list: Hawajczyk | Hawajka
sense:
(countable, nonstandard, proscribed) A native or resident of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/Headless_Horseman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Headless Horseman
trans_list: Jeździec bez głowy
sense:
A mythical figure who has appeared in folklore around the world since the Middle Ages, who is traditionally depicted as a man upon horseback who is missing his head.


lexentry: eng/Hebe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hebe
trans_list: Hebe
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of youth, and a daughter of Zeus and Hera. Her Roman counterpart is Juventas.


lexentry: eng/Hebrew__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hebrew
trans_list: Hebrajczyk | Hebrajka
sense:
(countable) A member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.


lexentry: eng/Hecate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hecate
trans_list: Hekate | Hekata
sense:
The powerful goddess, in Greek mythology, of magic, crossroads, fire, light, the moon, and the underworld. Her Roman counterpart is Trivia.


lexentry: eng/Hegelian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hegelian
trans_list: heglistowski | heglowski
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophical system of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).


lexentry: eng/Hegelianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hegelianism
trans_list: heglizm
sense:
The system of logic and philosophy set forth by G. W. F. Hegel, which can be summed up by the dictum that "the rational alone is real", i.e. all reality is capable of being expressed in rational categories.


lexentry: eng/Hejaz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hejaz
trans_list: Hidżaz
sense:
The mountainous area of northwest Saudi Arabia which gave rise to early Islam and which contains the sites of many holy places.


lexentry: eng/Hejaz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hejaz
trans_list: Hidżaz
sense:
An independent kingdom in the area between 1924 and 1932, when it merged with Najd to form the present Saudi Arabia.


lexentry: eng/Hel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hel
trans_list: Hel
sense:
(religion, Norse mythology) The goddess of the realm of the unheroic dead, a daughter of Loki by the jotun Angrboða.


lexentry: eng/Helen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helen
trans_list: Helena
sense:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War.


lexentry: eng/Helenus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helenus
trans_list: Helenos
sense:
(Greek mythology) the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy, the twin brother of the prophetess Cassandra.


lexentry: eng/Heliopolis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heliopolis
trans_list: Heliopolis
sense:
(historical) The ancient capital of the 13th nome of Lower Egypt, located in the northern suburbs of modern Cairo, Egypt; known in Ancient Egyptian as Iunu and in later Coptic as On.


lexentry: eng/Helios__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helios
trans_list: Helios
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.


lexentry: eng/Hellenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenism
trans_list: hellenizm
sense:
Any of the characteristics of ancient Greek culture, civilization, principles and ideals, including humanism, reason, the pursuit of knowledge and the arts, moderation and civic responsibility.


lexentry: eng/Hellenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenist
trans_list: hellenista | hellenistka
sense:
A specialist in the study of Greek language, literature, culture, or history, or an admirer of the Greek culture and civilization.


lexentry: eng/Hephaestus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hephaestus
trans_list: Hefajstos
sense:
(Greek god) The god of fire, smithwork, metallurgy, volcanoes, and artisans, who served as blacksmith of the gods. His Roman counterpart is Vulcan.


lexentry: eng/Hera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hera
trans_list: Hera
sense:
(Greek god) The queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage and birth; daughter of Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus, mother of Hephaestus, Ares, Hebe, and Enyo.


lexentry: eng/Heracles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heracles
trans_list: Herakles
sense:
(Greek mythology) : Son of Zeus and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.


lexentry: eng/Heraclitus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heraclitus
trans_list: Heraklit
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Heraclitus of Ephesus, a pre-Socratic Ionian philosopher


lexentry: eng/Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hercules
trans_list: Herkules
sense:
(Roman mythology) The Roman name for the Greek divine hero Heracles, who was the son of Jupiter and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.


lexentry: eng/Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hercules
trans_list: Herkules
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It lies between the constellations Lyra and Corona Borealis.


lexentry: eng/Hermes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hermes
trans_list: Hermes
sense:
(Greek god) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft.


lexentry: eng/Hermitian_matrix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hermitian matrix
trans_list: macierz hermitowska
sense:
(linear algebra) A square matrix A with complex entries that is equal to its own conjugate transpose, i.e., such that A = A^\dagger.


lexentry: eng/Herod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herod
trans_list: Herod
sense:
The name of any of a number of members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled in the Roman province of Judea, most notably Herod the Great, who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, or Herod Antipas, his son, who met Jesus during his Passion.


lexentry: eng/Herostratus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herostratus
trans_list: Herostrates
sense:
an Ancient Greek arsonist who destroyed the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, in order to become famous


lexentry: eng/Hertzsprung-Russell_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
trans_list: diagram Hertzsprunga-Russella
sense:
(astronomy) A graphic representation of the absolute magnitude of stars against their color (or surface temperature), which shows the main sequence of stars plus the white dwarfs and red giants.


lexentry: eng/Herzeg-Bosnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Herzeg-Bosnia
trans_list: Herceg-Bośnia
sense:
A short-lived, unrecognized political entity that existed during the Bosnian war, consisting of the Croat communities of Bosnia.


lexentry: eng/Herzegovina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herzegovina
trans_list: Hercegowina
sense:
The southern wedge of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing a geographic and historic entity, and not an administrative unit.


lexentry: eng/Hesiod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesiod
trans_list: Hezjod
sense:
Ancient Greek poet and rhapsodist of the 8th century BCE, known as the first author of didactic verse


lexentry: eng/Hettangian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hettangian
trans_list: hettang
sense:
The corresponding lowest stage of the Jurassic system, marked by the lowest strata in which the neoammonite genus Psiloceras appears.


lexentry: eng/Hezbollah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hezbollah
trans_list: Hezbollah
sense:
A political and military Shi'a Islamic organization that arose after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982.


lexentry: eng/Higgs_boson__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Higgs boson
trans_list: bozon Higgs'a
sense:
(particle) An elementary particle in the Standard Model, namely a boson with zero spin, that gives mass to other particles.


lexentry: eng/High_Mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: High Mass
trans_list: suma
sense:
A Roman Catholic or Anglo-Catholic Mass celebrated in full ceremonial form, in which the celebrant is generally assisted by a deacon and, in the Tridentine form, a subdeacon, and accompanied by acolytes, a thurifer, and a choir.


lexentry: eng/Highway_Code__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Highway Code
trans_list: kodeks drogowy
sense:
The official road safety manual for the United Kingdom, covering pedestrians, animals, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers.


lexentry: eng/Hijra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hijra
trans_list: hedżra | hidżra
sense:
The flight of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 ce, which forms the first year of the Islamic era (ah 1).


lexentry: eng/Hilbert_cube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hilbert cube
trans_list: kostka Hilberta
sense:
(topology) A metrizable topological space which is the product of a countably infinite number of closed intervals.


lexentry: eng/Himalayas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himalayas
trans_list: Himalaje
sense:
The mountain range in south-central Asia which extends about 2,414 km (1,500 mi) through Kashmir, northern India, southern Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam; it contains nine of the world’s ten highest peaks, including Mount Everest/Qomolongma.


lexentry: eng/Himeros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himeros
trans_list: Himeros
sense:
(Greek mythology) The Greek god of uncontrollable desire, often depicted as a winged child attendant to Aphrodite.


lexentry: eng/Hindi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hindi
trans_list: hindi | Hindi
sense:
The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.


lexentry: eng/Hinduism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hinduism
trans_list: hinduizm
sense:
A religion, philosophy and culture native to India, characterized by the belief in reincarnation and a supreme oneness personified in many forms and natures.


lexentry: eng/Hippocrates__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocrates
trans_list: Hipokrates
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Hippocrates of Cos, an Ancient Greek physician, circa 5th century BC, sometimes called the "father of medicine."


lexentry: eng/Hippocratic_oath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocratic oath
trans_list: przysięga Hipokratesa
sense:
(medicine) An oath sworn by newly-qualified physicians that they will observe the medical ethics that derived from Hippocrates.


lexentry: eng/Hispaniolan_crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hispaniolan crossbill
trans_list: krzyżodziób karaibski
sense:
Loxia megaplaga, a crossbill that is endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), and the only one of its genus in the Caribbean.


lexentry: eng/Hitler__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hitler
trans_list: Hitler
sense:
Ellipsis of w:Adolf Hitler; Führer of the Nazi Party and chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; particularly as the embodiment of Nazism.


lexentry: eng/Hittite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Hittite
trans_list: hetycki
sense:
Of or relating to the Hittite Kingdom, located in central Anatolia (modern Turkey), that flourished from about 1800 to 1400 B.C.E..


lexentry: eng/Hittite__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hittite
trans_list: hetycki
sense:
An ancient Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested from the 16th century BC until the 13th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Hittitologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hittitologist
trans_list: hetytolog
sense:
(anthropology, linguistics) an archaeologist, historian, linguist, or art historian who specializes in the study of the Ancient Hittites and their Near Eastern Empire which was based in Hattusa in modern day Anatolia.


lexentry: eng/Hmong__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hmong
trans_list: Hmong | Miao
sense:
A people who live predominantly in the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand, and (in diaspora) around the world.


lexentry: eng/Hogwarts__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hogwarts
trans_list: Hogwart
sense:
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a school for learning magic in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.


lexentry: eng/Holland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holland
trans_list: Holandia
sense:
A traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland.


lexentry: eng/Holocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holocaust
trans_list: Holocaust | Holokaust
sense:
(historical, narrowly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Holocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Holocaust
trans_list: Holocaust | Holokaust
sense:
(historical, broadly) The systematic mass murder (democide) of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities), perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Holocene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holocene
trans_list: aluwialny | holoceński
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about the year 10 000 BC to the present; the age of man.


lexentry: eng/Holodomor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Holodomor
trans_list: Wielki Głód | Hołodomor
sense:
(historical, rare) А famine with mass deaths, especially one of the Soviet famines in 1921–22, 1932–33, or 1946–47.


lexentry: eng/Holofernes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holofernes
trans_list: Holofernes
sense:
a character in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, an invading general of Nebuchadnezzar, beheaded by Judith.


lexentry: eng/Holstein__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holstein
trans_list: Holsztyn
sense:
The region between the rivers Elbe and Eider, to the south of Schleswig, part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Communion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Communion
trans_list: Ciało Chrystusa | Eucharystia | Hostia | Najświętszy Sakrament | Przenajświętszy Sakrament
sense:
A Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper of Christ, with the physical forms of bread and usually wine which are believed by certain denominations to become Christ himself or to host his spiritual presence.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Grail__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Grail
trans_list: Graal | Święty Graal
sense:
(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Land
trans_list: Ziemia Święta
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Prepuce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Prepuce
trans_list: święty napletek
sense:
Any of several sacred or holy foreskins (Latin sānctum praepūtium) allegedly from the circumcision of the baby Jesus on the eighth day of his life.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Roman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Roman Empire
trans_list: Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie Narodu Niemieckiego
sense:
(history) A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Holy_See__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy See
trans_list: Stolica Apostolska | Stolica Święta
sense:
The episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Spirit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Spirit
trans_list: Duch Święty | Duch Boży
sense:
(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either from (Eastern Orthodoxy) God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Week__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Week
trans_list: Wielki Tydzień
sense:
The week preceding Easter containing Palm Sunday, Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday), Holy Thursday (Maundy Thursday), Holy Friday (Good Friday), and Holy Saturday.


lexentry: eng/Home_Army__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Home Army
trans_list: Armia Krajowa
sense:
(history) the dominant Polish resistance movement in Poland, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Hong_Kong__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hong Kong
trans_list: Hongkong
sense:
A city in southeastern China, located on an island east of the Pearl River delta in the South China Sea; formerly owned by the United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Horologium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Horologium
trans_list: Zegar
sense:
(astronomy) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a pendulum clock. It lies between the constellations Fornax and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/House_of_Representatives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: House of Representatives
trans_list: izba reprezentantów
sense:
The lower house in the bicameral legislatures of several countries; also some singular legislative bodies in unicameral systems.


lexentry: eng/Hradec_Králové__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hradec Králové
trans_list: Hradec Králové
sense:
A city in the Czech Republic, located at the west Bohemia at the confluence of the Elbe and the Orlice river.


lexentry: eng/Hubble_constant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hubble constant
trans_list: prawo Hubble'a
sense:
(astronomy) A number that expresses the rate of expansion of the universe; the velocity at which a distant object is receding from the Earth divided by its distance; its reciprocal determines the age of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Hudson_Bay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hudson Bay
trans_list: Zatoka Hudsona
sense:
A gulf of Nunavut, Canada, a southern extension of the Arctic Ocean. A large arctic sea, surrounded on three sides, by Quebec on the east, Nunavut to the west, Manitoba to the southwest, Ontario on the south, and extending southeast becoming James Bay. To the north lies the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Hudsonian_godwit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hudsonian godwit
trans_list: szlamnik amerykanski
sense:
An American wader, Limosa haemastica, gathering on the shores of Hudson Bay to migrate to South America each autumn.


lexentry: eng/Humboldt_squid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Humboldt squid
trans_list: kałamarnica Humboldta
sense:
Dosidicus gigas, a large squid living in the waters of the Humboldt Current in the eastern Pacific Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hungarian
trans_list: węgierski | Węgier
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hungarian
trans_list: Węgier | Węgierka | węgierski
sense:
A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungarian notation
trans_list: notacja węgierska
sense:
(computing, programming) A naming convention in which the name of a variable indicates its data type and intended use by including abbreviations as prefixes.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungarian studies
trans_list: filologia węgierska | hungarystyka
sense:
(humanities) A field of study concerned with Hungarian language, literature, ethnology, culture, history or society.


lexentry: eng/Huntington's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Huntington's disease
trans_list: pląsawica Huntingtona
sense:
(disease, neurology) A hereditary disorder of the basal ganglia that leads to progressive loss of motor coordination.


lexentry: eng/Hurler_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hurler syndrome
trans_list: syndrom
sense:
(pathology, disease) A genetic disorder that results in the buildup of glycosaminoglycans due to a deficiency of alpha-L iduronidase.


lexentry: eng/Hussitism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hussitism
trans_list: husytyzm
sense:
(Christianity, historical) A religious reform and nationalistic movement of the Bohemian Reformation, based on the teachings of Jan Hus.


lexentry: eng/Hyacinthus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hyacinthus
trans_list: Hiacynt
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Spartan youth loved and accidentally killed by Apollo. The flower hyacinth sprang from his blood.


lexentry: eng/Hyades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hyades
trans_list: Hiady
sense:
(astronomy) An open cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus, and the nearest visible such cluster to Earth.


lexentry: eng/Hydra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hydra
trans_list: Hydra
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours.


lexentry: eng/Hydra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hydra
trans_list: Hydra
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a serpent. It lies just south of the zodiac and contains the star Alphard.


lexentry: eng/Hydrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hydrus
trans_list: Wąż Wodny | Wąż Morski | Wąż Wodny Mały
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a small serpent. It lies between the constellations Mensa and Tucana. It is not to be confused with the constellation Hydra.


lexentry: eng/Hygieia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hygieia
trans_list: Higieja
sense:
(Greek deities) The goddess and personification of health and healthiness, a daughter of Asclepius and Epione.


lexentry: eng/Hyperborea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hyperborea
trans_list: Hyperborea
sense:
(Greek mythology) the land of sunshine and plenty, beyond the northern wind, home to the hyperboreans, a race of giants


lexentry: eng/Hypnos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hypnos
trans_list: Hypnos
sense:
(Greek god) The god and personification of sleep. The son of Nyx and Erebus, twin brother of Thanatos, husband of Pasithea, and the father of the Oneiroi. His Roman counterpart is Somnus.


lexentry: eng/Höðr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Höðr
trans_list: Hodur
sense:
(Norse mythology) The blind son of the Norse gods Odin and Frigg, whom Loki tricked into shooting Baldur with a mistletoe arrow.


lexentry: eng/I'll_be_damned__Interjection__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: I'll be damned
trans_list: niech mnie diabli
sense:
(sometimes considered, vulgar, idiom) A vehement asseveration that one will not permit some specified thing to happen.


lexentry: eng/I'll_call_the_police__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I'll call the police
trans_list: zadzwonię na policję | zadzwonię po policję
sense:
Indicates that the speaker is going to call the police, presumably to counter actions from the interlocutor.


lexentry: eng/I'm_confused__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Indicates that the speaker is confounded by something.
written_rep: I'm confused
trans_list:
jestem zagubiona | jestem zagubiony | jestem zdezorientowana | jestem zdezorientowany | jestem zmieszana | jestem zmieszany


lexentry: eng/I'm_hot__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I'm hot
trans_list: gorąco mi
sense:
Indicates that the speaker is hot (i.e. feeling the sensation of heat, especially to the point of discomfort)


lexentry: eng/I'm_sorry__Phrase__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: I'm sorry
trans_list: przepraszam | przykro mi | żałuję
sense:
(with an upward inflection) Indicates that the speaker is confused or requests information to be repeated; come again?, say again?, I beg your pardon?; see also Thesaurus:say again


lexentry: eng/I-beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I-beam
trans_list: dwuteownik
sense:
(engineering) A beam with cross-section shaped like a capital letter I (with serifs top and bottom), used in construction.


lexentry: eng/IKEA__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: IKEA
trans_list: IKEA | Ikea
sense:
An international, originally Swedish home products retailer that sells modern, utilitarian design furniture, much of which is assembled by the consumer.


lexentry: eng/IOC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: IOC
trans_list: MKOl
sense:
(ornithology) Initialism of International Ornithological Committee. (now known as International Ornithologists' Union)


lexentry: eng/IP_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: IP address
trans_list: adres IP
sense:
(Internet) A number assigned to each computer's or other device's network interface, which are active on a network. supporting the Internet Protocol, in order to distinguish each network interface, and hence each networked device) from every other network interface anywhere on the network.


lexentry: eng/I_don't_have_all_day__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I don't have all day
trans_list: nie mam całego dnia
sense:
Used to say that you want someone to do something faster because you do not have enough time to wait for them to finish


lexentry: eng/I_have_a_fever__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I have a fever
trans_list: mam gorączkę
sense:
Indicates that the speaker has an abnormally high body temperature, which is usually a symptom of a disease.


lexentry: eng/I_know__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I know
trans_list: wiem | znam
sense:
A response used to indicate that speaker was in agreement with the preceding statement before it was made.


lexentry: eng/I_know_you_are_but_what_am_I__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I know you are but what am I
trans_list: chyba ty
sense:
(rhetorical question, colloquial, childish) Assertion that an insult made by the party to whom the phrase is directed is actually true of that party, and not of the person using the phrase. Usually considered to be a playground taunt.


lexentry: eng/I_miss_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I miss you
trans_list: brakuje mi ciebie | tęsknię za tobą
sense:
An expression of sorrow or sadness about the absence of a family member, close friend, lover or spouse.


lexentry: eng/I_tell_a_lie__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I tell a lie
trans_list: pomyliłem się
sense:
(chiefly, British, idiomatic) I am mistaken; I thought that what I said (or wrote) was true, but I have just realised that it is not.


lexentry: eng/I_think,_therefore_I_am__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I think, therefore I am
trans_list: myślę, więc jestem
sense:
(philosophy) I am able to think, therefore I exist. A philosophical proof of existence based on the fact that someone capable of any form of thought necessarily exists.


lexentry: eng/I_told_you_so__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I told you so
trans_list: a nie mówiłem
sense:
Used to remind someone that they were already warned by the speaker/writer that a certain event would happen.


lexentry: eng/Iapetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iapetus
trans_list: Japet
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia, and father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius.


lexentry: eng/Iberian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberian Peninsula
trans_list: Półwysep Iberyjski | Półwysep Pirenejski
sense:
A peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe which includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar, bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pyrenees forming the northeast edge of the peninsula, connecting it to the rest of Europe.


lexentry: eng/Iberian_chiffchaff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberian chiffchaff
trans_list: świstunka iberyjska
sense:
Phylloscopus ibericus, a species of leaf warbler endemic to Portugal, Spain and North Africa, west of a line stretching roughly from the western Pyrenees via the mountains of central Spain to the Atlantic.


lexentry: eng/Icelandic_horse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Icelandic horse
trans_list: Islandczyk
sense:
A horse of a small, hardy breed developed from ponies taken to Iceland by Norse settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Idumaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Idumaea
trans_list: Idumea
sense:
(historical) An ancient region in the south of Judea in modern Israel and the West Bank, inhabited by the Edomites during the Hellenistic period and Roman occupation.


lexentry: eng/Ijekavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ijekavian
trans_list: ijekawski | jekawski
sense:
A dialect, group of dialects or dialect continuum of Serbo-Croatian spoken through most of Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro and parts of Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as disyllabic (triphonemic) /ije/ or diphthongal /je/ sequence.


lexentry: eng/Ikavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ikavian
trans_list: ikawski
sense:
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in coastal Croatia distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /i/.


lexentry: eng/Illinois__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Illinois
trans_list: Illinois
sense:
A river in Oregon, United States that flows from the southwestern corner of the state into the Rogue River.


lexentry: eng/Illyria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Illyria
trans_list: Iliria
sense:
A region in Southeast Europe, the western part of what is now the Balkan Peninsula that was inhabited by the Illyrians, ancient Indo-European people.


lexentry: eng/Immaculate_Conception__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Immaculate Conception
trans_list: Niepokalane Poczęcie
sense:
(Catholicism) The doctrine, in the Roman Catholic Church, that the Virgin Mary was conceived biologically but free from original sin.


lexentry: eng/Inca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inca
trans_list: Inka
sense:
A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest.


lexentry: eng/Incarnation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Incarnation
trans_list: Wcielenie
sense:
(Christianity) The doctrine that the second person of the Trinity assumed human form in the person of Jesus Christ and is fully divine and fully human.


lexentry: eng/India__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: India
trans_list: Indie
sense:
(chiefly, historical, proscribed, _, in modern use) A region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Indian_English__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian English
trans_list: indyjska odmiana języka angielskiego
sense:
A major dialect of the English language, spoken in many varieties in India and by people from India.


lexentry: eng/Indian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indian
trans_list: Indianin | Indianka
sense:
An American Indian, a member of one of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (generally excluding the Aleut, Inuit, Metis, or Yupik). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_summer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian summer
trans_list: babie lato | złota jesień
sense:
A stretch of sunny and warm, often hazy, days during late autumn. [from late 18th c., popularized in the early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_summer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indian summer
trans_list: pogodna jesień życia
sense:
(figuratively) The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_sunburn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian sunburn
trans_list: pokrzywka
sense:
(slang) The prank of grabbing a victim's forearm in both hands and twisting the skin in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/Indianapolis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indianapolis
trans_list: Indianapolis
sense:
The capital city of Indiana, United States and the county seat of Marion County, with which the city is consolidated.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-European
trans_list: Indoeuropejczyk
sense:
(anthropology, archaeology, linguistics) A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indo-European
trans_list: Indoeuropejczyk
sense:
A speaker of any Indo-European language (though especially an ancient one), or a member of an Indo-European culture, who is regarded as a continuation of the Proto-Indo-Europeans in terms of language, ancestry, or cultural affinity.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-European studies
trans_list: indoeuropeistyka
sense:
The academic study of the Indo-European languages in relation to Proto-Indo-European, and sometimes of related humanities. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/Indo-Europeanist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-Europeanist
trans_list: indoeuropeista | indoeuropeistka
sense:
(indo-european studies) A scientist (usually a linguist or anthropologist) engaged in Indo-European studies.


lexentry: eng/Indochina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indochina
trans_list: Indochiny
sense:
(historical) The former French colonial part of Southeast Asia comprising the peninsula containing Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.


lexentry: eng/Indonesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indonesia
trans_list: Indonezja
sense:
A country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of Indonesia (since 1950). Capital: Jakarta.


lexentry: eng/Industrial_Revolution__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Industrial Revolution
trans_list: rewolucja przemysłowa
sense:
(historical) The major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture.


lexentry: eng/Inner_Mongolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inner Mongolia
trans_list: Mongolia Wewnętrzna
sense:
An autonomous region of China, south of Mongolia, with closely related native Mongolian population, mostly north of the Great Wall. Capital: Hohhot.


lexentry: eng/Instagram__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Instagram
trans_list: Instagram
sense:
(Internet) An online photo- and video-sharing social networking service, originally designed to mimic old-fashioned instant cameras.


lexentry: eng/Interlingua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Interlingua
trans_list: interlingua
sense:
A constructed interlanguage based on Romance languages, English, German, Russian and Latin, developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association, and first published in 1951.


lexentry: eng/International_Court_of_Justice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Court of Justice
trans_list: Międzynarodowy Trybunał Sprawiedliwości
sense:
(UN) A judicial body of the United Nations, established in 1945 to decide disputes brought by nations.


lexentry: eng/International_Date_Line__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Date Line
trans_list: linia zmiany daty
sense:
An imaginary line on the Earth's surface at 180° longitude, mostly through the Pacific Ocean, to the east of which the calendar date is one day earlier than to the west.


lexentry: eng/International_System_of_Units__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International System of Units
trans_list: Układ SI
sense:
(metrology) A standard set of units of measurement for use in scientific literature worldwide. The newest and most widespread version of the metric system.


lexentry: eng/International_Women's_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Women's Day
trans_list: dzień kobiet
sense:
A holiday celebrated on March 8, with a focus on women's liberation, rights, class struggle, and femininity in general.


lexentry: eng/Internationale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internationale
trans_list: Międzynarodówka
sense:
A general left-wing anthem for solidarity and emancipation of the working class, dating back to the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Internet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internet
trans_list: Internet | Sieć | międzysieć
sense:
The specific internet consisting of a global network of computers that communicate using Internet Protocol (IP) and that use Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to identify the best paths to route those communications.


lexentry: eng/Internet_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internet address
trans_list: adres internetowy
sense:
(computing, Internet) Any address used to identify a place or resource on the Internet, such as a URL, an IP address, or a domain name.


lexentry: eng/Io__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Io
trans_list: Io
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Inachus river god, and a lover of Zeus, turned by the latter into a heifer.


lexentry: eng/Io__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Io
trans_list: Io
sense:
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter, known for its volcanic activity, peppered with about 400 active volcanoes.


lexentry: eng/Iphigenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iphigenia
trans_list: Ifigenia
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, who is sacrificed by her father to ensure the safe journey of the Greeks to Troy.


lexentry: eng/Iran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iran
trans_list: Iran
sense:
A country in West Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran. Capital: Tehran.


lexentry: eng/Iraq__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iraq
trans_list: Irak
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Republic of Iraq. Capital and largest city: Baghdad.


lexentry: eng/Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ireland
trans_list: Irlandia
sense:
A republic occupying the majority-area of the island of Ireland, with Northern Ireland occupying the rest of the island. Also known as the Republic of Ireland since 1949.


lexentry: eng/Irish_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Irish Sea
trans_list: Morze Irlandzkie
sense:
A sea in British Isles, Europe, in the Atlantic. A sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland; bordered to the north by the North Channel and to the south by St George's Channel and the Celtic Sea.


lexentry: eng/Iron_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Age
trans_list: epoka żelaza
sense:
(mythology) The most recent and debased of the four or five classical Ages of Man; hence, any period characterized by wicked behavior. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iron_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Iron Age
trans_list: epoka żelaza
sense:
(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100BC) [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iron_Curtain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Curtain
trans_list: żelazna kurtyna
sense:
(historical) Chiefly preceded by the: the dividing line between Western Europe and the Soviet controlled regions, especially during the Cold War (1947–1991). [from early 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iroquois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iroquois
trans_list: Irokez | Irokezka
sense:
A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League.


lexentry: eng/Isaac__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isaac
trans_list: Izaak
sense:
(biblical character) The son of Abraham and Sarah, father of Esau and Jacob, from whom the Hebrew people trace their descent.


lexentry: eng/Ishtar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ishtar
trans_list: Isztar
sense:
(Mesopotamian god) A goddess of fertility, love, sex, and war. In the Babylonian pantheon, she was the divine personification of the planet Venus; the Assyrian and Babylonian counterpart to the Sumerian Inanna and to the northwest-Semitic goddess Astarte.


lexentry: eng/Isis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isis
trans_list: Izyda | Izis
sense:
(Egyptian god) An ancient Egyptian goddess, the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, worshiped as the ideal mother and wife and as the matron of nature and magic.


lexentry: eng/Islam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islam
trans_list: islam
sense:
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.


lexentry: eng/Islamic_State__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islamic State
trans_list: Państwo Islamskie
sense:
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state.


lexentry: eng/Islamism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Islamism
trans_list: islamizm
sense:
(by extension) Islamic fundamentalism, especially the forms that promote violence, hostility, and persecution of non-believers. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Isle_of_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isle of Man
trans_list: Wyspa Man
sense:
An island and crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea, part of the British Isles but not of the United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Isle_of_Wight__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isle of Wight
trans_list: Wyspa Wight
sense:
An island, county and unitary authority off the south coast of England in the English Channel opposite Southampton.


lexentry: eng/Israel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Israel
trans_list: Izrael
sense:
(Biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.


lexentry: eng/Israelite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Israelite
trans_list: Izraelita
sense:
A native or inhabitant of (i) the united nation of Israel (under the Judges, and then kings Saul, David and Solomon), or (ii) the later northern kingdom centered in Samaria, distinct from kingdom of Judah centered in Jerusalem.


lexentry: eng/Istanbul__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istanbul
trans_list: Stambuł | Istambuł
sense:
A Turkish city, and the largest European city by population, which was the last capital of the Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).


lexentry: eng/Istro-Romanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istro-Romanian
trans_list: istrorumuński
sense:
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in the Istrian region of Croatia, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian.


lexentry: eng/Italian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italian Peninsula
trans_list: Półwysep Apeniński
sense:
A large peninsula in Southern Europe protruding into the Mediterranean Sea and shaped like a boot. The mountain range of Apennines runs across it from north to south. Occupied almost entirely by Italy.


lexentry: eng/Italian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italian
trans_list: włoski | język włoski
sense:
(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/Italian_oak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italian oak
trans_list: dąb węgierski
sense:
Quercus frainetto, a species of oak native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Italianization__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italianization
trans_list: italianizacja
sense:
(historical) The forced cultural and ethnic assimilation of minorities in the Kingdom of Italy, with particular reference to the Fascist government (1922–1943).


lexentry: eng/Italic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italic
trans_list: italski
sense:
(Indo-European studies) Pertaining to a subfamily of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language family, that includes Latin and other languages (as Oscan, Umbrian) spoken by the peoples of ancient Italy


lexentry: eng/Italy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italy
trans_list: Włochy | Italia
sense:
A country in Southern Europe. Official names: Italian Republic and Republic of Italy. Capital and largest city: Rome.


lexentry: eng/Iwo_Jima__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iwo Jima
trans_list: Iwo Jima
sense:
A volcanic island in the Volcano Islands, in the North Pacific, now administered as part of Tokyo's Ogasawara Subprefecture and most famous for a major battle in World War II.


lexentry: eng/Iwo_Jima__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Iwo Jima
trans_list: Iwo Jima
sense:
A volcanic island in the Satsunan Islands, in the Philippine Sea, administered as part of Kagoshima.


lexentry: eng/Ixion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ixion
trans_list: Ixion
sense:
(Greek mythology) King of Lapiths, who was punished by Zeus for trying to seduce Hera by being bound to a winged fiery wheel that was always spinning.


lexentry: eng/Ixion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ixion
trans_list: Ixion
sense:
(astronomy) A Kuiper belt object (KBO), 28978 Ixion (provisional designation 2001 KX76), once thought to be a possible dwarf planet.


lexentry: eng/Izmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Izmir
trans_list: Izmir
sense:
A major Turkish port city situated midway along the western Anatolian seaboard, geographically continuous with the ancient city of Smyrna.


lexentry: eng/Jack_the_Ripper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jack the Ripper
trans_list: Kuba Rozpruwacz
sense:
A supposed individual who was an unidentified 19th century serial killer in England, who has become part of folklore.


lexentry: eng/Jacob's_ladder__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Jacob's ladder
trans_list: drabina Jakuba
sense:
A high-voltage electrical device, often used as a visual effect in old movies, which has a pair of vertical electrodes that form an arc between them starting at the bottom, rising to the top, then repeating.


lexentry: eng/Jacob__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jacob
trans_list: Jakub
sense:
(biblical character) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.


lexentry: eng/Jaffa_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jaffa cake
trans_list: delicja
sense:
(chiefly, British) A small, biscuit-like cake with a base of firm sponge, a layer of orange jelly, and a chocolate covering.


lexentry: eng/Jamahiriya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jamahiriya
trans_list: dżamahirijja
sense:
(historical) State of the masses; people's republic; the form of the Libyan state ruled by Muammar Gaddafi from 1977-2011, during which time it was known first as the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya then as the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.


lexentry: eng/James__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: James
trans_list: Jakub | List Jakuba
sense:
One of two Apostles, James the Greater and James the Less, often identified with James, brother of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Jammu_and_Kashmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jammu and Kashmir
trans_list: Dżammu i Kaszmir
sense:
(now, historical) A princely state which governed the region of Kashmir, the territory of which is now de facto divided between China, India, and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Jankoy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jankoy
trans_list: Dżankoj
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Jankoy Raion, de jure a part of that raion, de facto separate as Jankoy city municipality, in Crimea, Ukraine, occupied by Russian forces since February 2014.


lexentry: eng/January__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: January
trans_list: styczeń
sense:
The first month of the Gregorian calendar, following the December of the previous year and preceding February. Abbreviation: Jan or Jan.


lexentry: eng/Janus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Janus
trans_list: Janus
sense:
(Roman god) The god of doorways, gates and transitions, and of beginnings and endings, having two faces looking in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/Japanese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese
trans_list: Japończyk | Japonka
sense:
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people living in or coming from Japan, or of Japanese ancestry.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_knotweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese knotweed
trans_list: rdestowiec ostrokończysty
sense:
A large, herbaceous perennial plant, Fallopia japonica, native to Asia; it is a highly invasive colonizer outside of its native territory.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese studies
trans_list: japonistyka
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Japanese language, Japanese linguistics, and Japanese sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Japheth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japheth
trans_list: Jafet
sense:
(biblical character) The third son of Noah, brother to Shem and Ham, who received a blessing from God with Shem, considered to be the ancestor of the Japhetic people(s) (associated approx. with Indo-Europeans).


lexentry: eng/Jason__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jason
trans_list: Jazon
sense:
(Greek mythology) The leader of the Argonauts, who retrieved the Golden Fleece from king Aeetes of Colchis, for his uncle Pelias.


lexentry: eng/JavaScript__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: JavaScript
trans_list: JawaSkrypt
sense:
(computer language) A scripting programming language most commonly used to add interactive features to webpages.


lexentry: eng/Jedi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jedi
trans_list: Jedi
sense:
(scifi) One of a fictional order of beings from the Star Wars universe who are gifted with heightened awareness of the Force.


lexentry: eng/Jehovah's_Witness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jehovah's Witness
trans_list: świadek Jehowy | jehowy
sense:
A member of a monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.


lexentry: eng/Jehovah's_Witnesses__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jehovah's Witnesses
trans_list: świadkowie Jehowy
sense:
A monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.


lexentry: eng/Jeju__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jeju
trans_list: Jeju
sense:
An endangered language, sometimes considered a dialect of the Korean language, spoken on the island.


lexentry: eng/Jeremiah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jeremiah
trans_list: Jeremiasz
sense:
(Abrahamism, biblical character) An ancient prophet, the author of the Book of Jeremiah, and of the Lamentations.


lexentry: eng/Jersey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jersey
trans_list: Jersey
sense:
A dependency of the United Kingdom; the largest of the Channel Islands in the English Channel between France and England.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem
trans_list: Jerozolima | Jeruzalem
sense:
A city in the Holy Land between the Mediterranean Sea and Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the claimed capital city of Israel and of Palestine.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem_artichoke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem artichoke
trans_list: topinambur
sense:
A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem_cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem cross
trans_list: krzyż jerozolimski
sense:
(heraldry) a cross variant consisting of a large cross potent surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses, one in each quadrant.


lexentry: eng/Jesus_Christ__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus Christ
trans_list: Jezus Chrystus
sense:
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Also held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.


lexentry: eng/Jesus__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus
trans_list: Jezus, Maria! | o, Jezu!
sense:
(possibly, _, offensive, blasphemous) An exclamation, particularly used to express excitement or exasperation.


lexentry: eng/Jesus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus
trans_list: Jezus
sense:
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


lexentry: eng/Jew's-ear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jew's-ear
trans_list: uszak bzowy
sense:
A kind of edible fungus, Auricularia auricula-judae, growing on tree-trunks, formerly used for medicinal purposes.


lexentry: eng/Jew's_harp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jew's harp
trans_list: drumla
sense:
A musical instrument consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo “tongue” attached to a frame. This tongue is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note of constant pitch. Melodies can be created by changing the shape of the mouth and causing different overtones.


lexentry: eng/Jewish_Bolshevism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jewish Bolshevism
trans_list: żydokomuna
sense:
(derogatory) Soviet Communism (Marxism-Leninism) when viewed, usually by people on the right wing, as a Jewish political ideology; Judeo-Bolshevism.


lexentry: eng/Jewry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jewry
trans_list: żydostwo
sense:
(historical) The quarter of a town or city inhabited either partially or exclusively by Jews; historically, its main buildings were the synagogue, the ritual bath or mikve, the kosher-oriented butchery and bakery, etc. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Jezebel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jezebel
trans_list: Izebel
sense:
(biblical character) The Phoenician princess and Queen of Ancient Israel who appears in the Old Testament (1 Kings & 2 Kings). She incited heresy and lured the Jews away from their God and back to idols.


lexentry: eng/Joe_Public__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Joe Public
trans_list: Jan Kowalski
sense:
(idiomatic) A hypothetical average or generic member of the public; the common man (or person, by extension).


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: John
trans_list: Jan | Iwan
sense:
(biblical) Persons of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist; and names possibly referring to one, two or three persons, frequently called "Saint": John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos (also called John the Divine or John the Theologian).


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: John
trans_list: Ewangelia (wg św.) Jana | Jan
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. John, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the fourth of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: John
trans_list: List (św.) Jana | Jan
sense:
(biblical) One of the books in the New Testament of the Bible, the epistles of John (1 John, 2 John and 3 John).


lexentry: eng/Johnson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Johnson
trans_list: Janowicz
sense:
A common surname transferred from the given name. The second most common surname in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Jolly_Roger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jolly Roger
trans_list: bandera piratów
sense:
The traditional flag used on European and American pirate ships, and, more recently, by submarine crews, often pictured as a white skull and crossbones on a black field; the blackjack. [from early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/Jovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jovian
trans_list: jowiszowy
sense:
(Roman mythology) Pertaining to the Roman god Jove or Jupiter (the counterpart of the Greek god Zeus); Jove-like; befitting Jupiter.


lexentry: eng/Judah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judah
trans_list: Juda
sense:
(biblical) The southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel.


lexentry: eng/Judaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judaism
trans_list: judaizm
sense:
An Abrahamic religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle East, as documented in their religious writings, the Tanakh.


lexentry: eng/Judas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas
trans_list: Judasz | List Judy
sense:
(biblical character) One of the twelve original Apostles of Jesus, known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.


lexentry: eng/Judas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judas
trans_list: List Judy | Judasz
sense:
(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of Jude, the penultimate book of the Bible and its ascribed author, Jude the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Judas_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas tree
trans_list: judaszowiec południowy | judaszowiec wschodni
sense:
A small deciduous tree, Cercis siliquastrum, noted for its prolific display of deep-pink flowers in spring.


lexentry: eng/Judea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judea
trans_list: Judea | Juda
sense:
Roman rendition of Judah. Used after the fall of the Davidic dynasty and through the period as part of the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Julian_calendar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Julian calendar
trans_list: kalendarz juliański
sense:
The calendar which was used in the western world before the present-day Gregorian calendar. The Julian calendar differed in having all multiple-of-4 years as leap years.


lexentry: eng/July__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: July
trans_list: lipiec
sense:
The seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following June and preceding August. Abbreviation: Jul or Jul.


lexentry: eng/June__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: June
trans_list: czerwiec
sense:
The sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July. Abbreviation: Jun or Jun.


lexentry: eng/Juneteenth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Juneteenth
trans_list: Dzień Wyzwolenia | Teksański Dzień Emancypacji
sense:
(US) Also more fully as Juneteenth Day: the United States national holiday commemorating the end of slavery, observed on June 19.


lexentry: eng/Jupiter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jupiter
trans_list: Jowisz | Jupiter
sense:
(Roman god) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.


lexentry: eng/Jurassic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jurassic
trans_list: jurajski
sense:
(geology) Of or pertaining to the second period of the Mesozoic era, a time still dominated by dinosaurs.


lexentry: eng/Jurassic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jurassic
trans_list: jura
sense:
(geology, paleontology) The period from 201.3±0.2 to 145 million years ago, after the Triassic and before the Cretaceous; the geologic systems of this period.


lexentry: eng/Jute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jute
trans_list: Jut
sense:
A member of the Germanic tribe that existed in modern-day Denmark that invaded England about the same time as the Angles and the Saxons in the beginning of the Middle Ages, but were eventually integrated by the time of the Norman Conquest.


lexentry: eng/Jutland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jutland
trans_list: Jutlandia | Półwysep Jutlandzki
sense:
A peninsula in northwestern Europe, which belongs to Denmark (depending on the definition of the southern boundary also Germany).


lexentry: eng/Jörmungandr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jörmungandr
trans_list: Jormungand
sense:
(Norse mythology) The World Serpent or Midgard Serpent, an offspring of Loki, which is thrown into the ocean by Odin but grows to encircle the world, and is finally slain during Ragnarok by Thor, who then succumbs to its poisonous breath.


lexentry: eng/K2__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: K2
trans_list: Czogori | K2
sense:
A mountain on the border between Pakistan and Taxkorgan, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China, the world’s second highest mountain, located in the Ladakh Karakorams.


lexentry: eng/K__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: K
trans_list: K
sense:
(baseball) Abbreviation of strikeout. On a baseball scorecard, a frontwards K signifies striking out while swinging the bat, while a backwards K signifies striking out while looking.


lexentry: eng/Kaaba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaaba
trans_list: Kaaba
sense:
(Islam) The nearly cubical stone temple in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam and site of the great hajj assembly.


lexentry: eng/Kabardian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabardian
trans_list: kabardyjski
sense:
A North Caucasian language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, also known as East Circassian.


lexentry: eng/Kabballah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabballah
trans_list: kabała
sense:
(Judaism) A body of mystical Jewish teachings based on an esoteric reading of the Hebrew scriptures.


lexentry: eng/Kabyle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabyle
trans_list: kabylski
sense:
A Northern Berber language of the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic language family, spoken by over 3,000,000 people in Algeria; native name Taqbaylit.


lexentry: eng/Kadiivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kadiivka
trans_list: Kadijewka | Kadyjewka
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name in Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1814, controlled by the Luhansk People’s Republic since 2014


lexentry: eng/Kadyivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kadyivka
trans_list: Kadyjiwka
sense:
A village in Yarmolyntsi settlement hromada, Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1692


lexentry: eng/Kaiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaiser
trans_list: kajzer
sense:
An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.


lexentry: eng/Kaiser_roll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaiser roll
trans_list: kajzerka
sense:
A typically crusty round bread roll supposedly invented in Vienna, made from flour, barm, malt, water, and salt, and whose characteristic feature is a five-spoked propeller- or pinwheel-like star on its obverse.


lexentry: eng/Kalash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kalash
trans_list: Kalasze
sense:
A Dardic indigenous group residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalasha language.


lexentry: eng/Kalynivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Kalynivka
trans_list: Kalinówka
sense:
A city in the urban hromada of the same name of Khmilnyk Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1774


lexentry: eng/Kama_Sutra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kama Sutra
trans_list: Kamasutra
sense:
A Sanskrit treatise (sutra) setting forth rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure, love, and marriage in accordance with Hindu law.


lexentry: eng/Kansas_City__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kansas City
trans_list: Kansas City
sense:
A large metropolitan area straddling the border between Kansas and Missouri, USA. Kansas City is split into two separate cities:


lexentry: eng/Kantianism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kantianism
trans_list: kantyzm
sense:
(philosophy) The philosophical system of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and his followers; also called transcendental idealism.


lexentry: eng/Karachi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karachi
trans_list: Karaczi
sense:
The largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province.


lexentry: eng/Karaim__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karaim
trans_list: język karaimski
sense:
A Kipchak Turkic language, with Aramaic and Persian influences, spoken in Lithuania, Poland, the Crimea and the Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Karen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karen
trans_list: Karyna
sense:
(originally, AAVE, derogatory) A middle-aged white woman exhibiting a sense of entitlement or white privilege.


lexentry: eng/Kashmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kashmir
trans_list: Kaszmir
sense:
A region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) China, India, and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Katharevousa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Katharevousa
trans_list: katharewusa
sense:
A learned, archaising form of Modern Greek, based on Classical Greek and used for formal and official purposes; it was legally displaced as the official language of Greece in 1976 by Demotic Greek.


lexentry: eng/Katyusha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Katyusha
trans_list: katiusza
sense:
A type of artillery rocket launcher consisting of an array of rockets mounted on a truck, originated in the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Kent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kent
trans_list: Kent
sense:
A maritime county in southeast England bordered by East Sussex, Surrey, Greater London, the North Sea and the English Channel.


lexentry: eng/Kentish_plover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kentish plover
trans_list: sieweczka morska
sense:
Charadrius alexandrinus, a small wader that breeds in a wide range, from southern Europe to Japan and in Ecuador, Peru, Chile, the southern United States and the Caribbean, but not including Kent.


lexentry: eng/Kentucky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kentucky
trans_list: Kentucky
sense:
A state of the United States. Capital: Frankfort; largest city: Louisville. Formally known as the Commonwealth of Kentucky, one of four such states known as Commonwealths.


lexentry: eng/Kerch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kerch
trans_list: Kercz
sense:
A port city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but de facto controlled by Russia.


lexentry: eng/Khanty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khanty
trans_list: chantyjski
sense:
The Ob-Ugric language spoken by these people, now more often considered a group of closely related languages.


lexentry: eng/Kharkiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kharkiv
trans_list: Charków
sense:
(city) An industrial city, the administrative centre of Kharkiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, in eastern Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Khazar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khazar
trans_list: Chazar | Chazarka
sense:
A member of a semi-nomadic Turkic tribe that occupied a large part of southwestern Russia and Ukraine (Khazaria).


lexentry: eng/Kherson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kherson
trans_list: Chersoń
sense:
A port city, the administrative centre of Kherson raion, Kherson oblast, Ukraine, located on the Dnieper.


lexentry: eng/Khinalug__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khinalug
trans_list: chinalugijski
sense:
A Northeast Caucasian language spoken mainly in the villages of Khinalug and Qalayxudat just north of Quba (Quba Rayon, Azerbaijan).


lexentry: eng/Khmer_Rouge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khmer Rouge
trans_list: Czerwoni Khmerzy
sense:
(historical) A Cambodian communist guerrilla force active from the 1970s to the 1990s under the leadership of Pol Pot.


lexentry: eng/Khorasan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khorasan
trans_list: Chorasan
sense:
(historical) The Sassanian and post-Islamic Persian name for the region of Parthia located in north east of Persia (Iran), sometimes covering also parts of Central Asia and Afghanistan; the Greater Khorasan.


lexentry: eng/Khrushchev__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khrushchev
trans_list: Chruszczow
sense:
English transliteration of the Russian surname Хрущёв; usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Nikita Khrushchev.


lexentry: eng/Kierkegaardian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kierkegaardian
trans_list: kierkegaardowski
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) or his existentialist philosophy.


lexentry: eng/Kievan_Rus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kievan Rus
trans_list: Ruś Kijowska
sense:
(historical) A medieval principality in Eastern Europe centred around Kiev; considered an early predecessor of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.


lexentry: eng/Killing_Fields__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Killing Fields
trans_list: pola śmierci
sense:
A number of sites in Cambodia where mass slaughter of some 2,000,000 people was carried out by the Khmer Rouge in the late 1970s.


lexentry: eng/Kim__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kim
trans_list: złoto
sense:
A surname from Korean, the English form of a surname very common in Korea. (^김, hanja: 金), the most common Korean surname.


lexentry: eng/King_Arthur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: King Arthur
trans_list: Król Artur
sense:
A legendary king of Britain, said to have led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of England
trans_list: Królestwo Anglii
sense:
A kingdom in western Europe, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on 1 May 1707.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Heaven__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Heaven
trans_list: Królestwo Niebieskie
sense:
(Christianity) A concept of heaven as a hierarchical dominion with God at the top and a court of saints, archangels and angels.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Scotland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Scotland
trans_list: Królestwo Szkocji
sense:
A kingdom in western Europe, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on the First of May 1707.


lexentry: eng/Kinshasa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kinshasa
trans_list: Kinszasa
sense:
The capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River.


lexentry: eng/Kiribati__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kiribati
trans_list: Kiribati
sense:
A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Kiribati. Capital and largest city: South Tarawa.


lexentry: eng/Klein_bottle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klein bottle
trans_list: butelka Kleina
sense:
(topology) The closed manifold obtained by identifying the boundary components of the annulus so that the resultant surface is nonorientable.


lexentry: eng/Klingon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klingon
trans_list: Klingon | Klingonka
sense:
(countable) Member of an alien warrior race in the Star Trek universe with distinctive forehead ridges and a culture based on strict observance of honour, loyalty, and combat.


lexentry: eng/Klyazma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klyazma
trans_list: Klaźma
sense:
A river wholly within Russia, originating near Solnechnogorsk (Moscow Oblast) in the Moscow Uplands, whence it flows into and through Vladimir Oblast, approximately delineating its border with Ivanovo Oblast from near Repniki to near Mstyora, before returning to Vladimir’s interior, and thereafter approximately delineating its border with Nizhny Novgorod Oblast from near the point at which the river is bridged by the Volga Highway (E22) to its confluence with the Oka, whereof it forms a left tributary.


lexentry: eng/Koblenz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koblenz
trans_list: Koblencja
sense:
An independent city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, at the confluence of the Rhine and Moselle Rivers.


lexentry: eng/Kodiak_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kodiak bear
trans_list: niedźwiedź kodiacki
sense:
The largest brown bear, Ursus arctos middendorffi, found on Kodiak Island off the south coast of Alaska, United States.


lexentry: eng/Komi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komi
trans_list: Komi
sense:
A member of an ethnic group chiefly consisting of Komi speakers and descendants of Komi speakers who don't speak the language.


lexentry: eng/Komi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komi
trans_list: język komi | komi
sense:
A Finno-Ugric language currently spoken by 200,000 to 400,000 people, depending on source and definition of "speaker", in northeastern European part of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Komodo_dragon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komodo dragon
trans_list: waran z Komodo
sense:
Varanus komodoensis, an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.


lexentry: eng/Komsomol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komsomol
trans_list: Komsomoł
sense:
(historical) Young Communist League, the former youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Komsomolsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komsomolsk
trans_list: Komsomolsk | Komsomolsk nad Amurem
sense:
A city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, on the Amur river; in full, Komsomolsk-na-Amure or Komsomolsk-on-Amur.


lexentry: eng/Korea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korea
trans_list: Korea
sense:
A nation and peninsula in East Asia. Now divided into two sovereign states, commonly called South Korea and North Korea.


lexentry: eng/Korean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean
trans_list: koreański
sense:
(uncountable) Official language of the people residing on the Korean Peninsula, and language of approximately 60 million people, in Asia, North America, and elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/Koschei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koschei
trans_list: Kościej | Kościej Nieśmiertelny
sense:
(Slavic mythology) An archetypal male antagonist, described mainly as abducting the hero's wife, and sometimes represented as a skeleton.


lexentry: eng/Kosovo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kosovo
trans_list: Kosowo
sense:
A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Kosovo. Capital and largest city: Pristina. Considered by the Republic of Serbia to be one of its two autonomous provinces.


lexentry: eng/Kraken__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kraken
trans_list: kraken
sense:
(Norse mythology) A colossal sea monster that attacks ships and sailors, often portrayed as a giant octopus or squid.


lexentry: eng/Kramatorsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kramatorsk
trans_list: Kramatorsk
sense:
A city in Kramatorsk Hromada, Kramatorsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, in eastern Ukraine; seat of the Donetsk province.


lexentry: eng/Krasnodar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Krasnodar
trans_list: Krasnodar
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, called Yekaterinodar before December 1920.


lexentry: eng/Kremlin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kremlin
trans_list: Kreml
sense:
The Moscow Kremlin; a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia that serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.


lexentry: eng/Krishna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Krishna
trans_list: Kryszna
sense:
(Hinduism) A deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism. Krishna is often depicted as a young cowherd boy with a dark or blue complexion playing a flute (as in the Bhagavata Purana) or a youthful prince giving philosophical direction and guidance (as in the Bhagavad Gita). He is the divine speaker of the Bhagavad Gita and the eighth avatar of Vishnu.


lexentry: eng/Krnov__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Krnov
trans_list: Krnów
sense:
An Upper Silesian town on the River Opava in the northeastern Czech Republic, near the Polish border.


lexentry: eng/Kronstadt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kronstadt
trans_list: Kronsztad
sense:
A municipal town near Saint Petersburg, Russia. Located on Kotlin Island (also known as Retusaari or Reitskär).


lexentry: eng/Kuban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kuban
trans_list: Kubań
sense:
(by extension) a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga delta and the Caucasus.


lexentry: eng/Kufic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kufic
trans_list: kufickie
sense:
Original form of Arabic script, consisting of a modified form of Old South Arabian and old Nabataean scripts.


lexentry: eng/Kuiper_belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuiper belt
trans_list: Pas Kuipera
sense:
(astronomy) A region of space between 30 and 50 astronomical units from the Sun, roughly confined within a thick band around the ecliptic of the Solar System. This area is populated by many thousands of trans-Neptunian objects.


lexentry: eng/Kurd__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurd
trans_list: kurd
sense:
A member of the linguistically and culturally distinct people who speak Kurdish and mainly inhabit those parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria sometimes known as Kurdistan.


lexentry: eng/Kurdish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurdish
trans_list: kurdyjski | język kurdyjski
sense:
Family of Indo-Iranian languages of Kurdistan (in the Mesopotamia region, from the Zagros of mid-western Iran to the eastern extension of the chain of the Taurus Mountains).


lexentry: eng/Kurdistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurdistan
trans_list: Kurdystan
sense:
A region in the Middle East inhabited mostly by the Kurds. It encompasses parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria.


lexentry: eng/Kuril_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuril Islands
trans_list: Kuryle | Wyspy Kurylskie
sense:
An archipelago between Japan and Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the north Pacific Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Kuroshio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuroshio
trans_list: Kuro Siwo
sense:
(oceanography, usually with "~ Current") The oceanic current forming the swift, warm, northward-flowing western quarter of the North Pacific Gyre.


lexentry: eng/Kursk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kursk
trans_list: Kursk
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia; scene of a major World War II battle between Soviet and German forces in 1943.


lexentry: eng/Kuwait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuwait
trans_list: Kuwejt
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: State of Kuwait. Capital: Kuwait City.


lexentry: eng/Kyakhta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kyakhta
trans_list: Kiachta
sense:
A town, the administrative centre of the Kyakhtinsky District, Buryatia, Russia, on the border between Russia and Mongolia.


lexentry: eng/Kyrgyzstan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kyrgyzstan
trans_list: Kirgistan
sense:
A country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China. Official name: Kyrgyz Republic. Capital: Bishkek.


lexentry: eng/L'Hôpital's_rule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: L'Hôpital's rule
trans_list: reguła de l'Hospitala
sense:
(mathematics) The rule that the limit of the ratio of two functions equals the limit of the ratio of their derivatives, usable when the former limit is indeterminate and the latter limit exists.


lexentry: eng/LaVeyan_Satanism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: LaVeyan Satanism
trans_list: satanizm laveyański
sense:
The atheistic religion of the Church of Satan, which is characterized by materialism and rejects all things supernatural, such as body and soul dualism and the concept of life after death.


lexentry: eng/La_Pérouse_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Pérouse Strait
trans_list: Cieśnina La Pérouse'a
sense:
A strait dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin in the north from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, and connecting the Sea of Japan on the west with the Sea of Okhotsk on the east.


lexentry: eng/La_Rochelle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Rochelle
trans_list: La Rochelle
sense:
A port city, the capital of the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France, on the Bay of Biscay, formerly in Poitou-Charentes.


lexentry: eng/Labour_Party__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Labour Party
trans_list: partia robotnicza
sense:
Any of various political parties that aim to advance the interests of the working class, often characterized by left-of-centre politics and support for organized labour.


lexentry: eng/Labourite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Labourite
trans_list: laburzysta
sense:
(UK politics) a member or supporter of the British Labour Party, the left wing party of Great Britain


lexentry: eng/Lacerta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lacerta
trans_list: Jaszczurka
sense:
(constellation) An inconspicuous autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lizard. It lies between the constellations of Cygnus and Andromeda.


lexentry: eng/Lada__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Lada
trans_list: Łada
sense:
A make of car, produced by the Soviet/Russian automotive manufacturer AvtoVAZ; the car's name for the internal Soviet/Russian market is Zhiguli (Жигули́).


lexentry: eng/Ladin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladin
trans_list: ladyński
sense:
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Ladoga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladoga
trans_list: Ładoga
sense:
A freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, not far from Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Lady__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lady
trans_list: Pani
sense:
An aristocratic title for a woman; the wife of a lord and/or a woman who holds the position in her own right; a title for a peeress, the wife of a peer or knight, and the daughters and daughters-in-law of certain peers.


lexentry: eng/Lagrangian_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lagrangian function
trans_list: lagranżjan
sense:
(mathematics) A function of the generalized coordinates and velocities of a dynamic system from which Lagrange's equations may be derived.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Constance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Constance
trans_list: Jezioro Bodeńskie
sense:
A lake on the Rhine located at the intersection of Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg), Switzerland (St. Gallen, Thurgau and Schaffhausen) and Austria (Vorarlberg). It consists of two parts, the Obersee in the east and northwest (Überlinger See) and the much smaller Untersee in the west.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Geneva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Geneva
trans_list: Jezioro Genewskie
sense:
A large lake in Europe, mainly in Switzerland, but with most of its southern shore in France; the city of Geneva is situated at its south-west end.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Michigan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Michigan
trans_list: Michigan
sense:
One of the Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Superior__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Superior
trans_list: Jezioro Górne
sense:
A lake in North America; the largest of the Great Lakes and second largest lake and largest freshwater lake in the world by area.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Victoria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Victoria
trans_list: Jezioro Wiktorii
sense:
The largest lake in Africa, with shoreline in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania; one of the African Great Lakes.


lexentry: eng/Landtag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Landtag
trans_list: sejm krajowy
sense:
A representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries, with some legislative authority.


lexentry: eng/Languedoc-Roussillon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Languedoc-Roussillon
trans_list: Langwedocja-Roussillon
sense:
A former administrative region of France, made up of Languedoc and Roussillon; in 2016, it became part of the region of Occitania.


lexentry: eng/Languedoc__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Languedoc
trans_list: Langwedocja
sense:
A former province of France, in the south of the country; since 2016, part of the region of Occitanie.


lexentry: eng/Lantern_Festival__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lantern Festival
trans_list: Święto Latarni
sense:
A festival marking the end of the Chinese New Year period, celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the Chinese calendar when the first full moon of the year is seen (in February or early March).


lexentry: eng/Laocoön__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laocoön
trans_list: Laokoon
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Trojan priest of Poseidon (or Apollo, depending on the author), whose rules he had defied (or whom he had otherwise offended), who tried to warn his fellow citizens against the Trojan horse. He was killed for this, along with his two sons, by giant snakes sent by Minerva (or Poseidon, or Apollo).


lexentry: eng/Laotian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laotian
trans_list: laotański
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Laotian people or the Laotian language.


lexentry: eng/Laplace_operator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laplace operator
trans_list: laplasjan
sense:
(mathematics, physics) A differential operator,denoted ∆ and defined on \mathbb{R}^n as \Delta = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i^2}, used in the modeling of wave propagation, heat flow and many other applications.


lexentry: eng/Lapland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lapland
trans_list: Laponia
sense:
The northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola Peninsula in Russia, traditionally inhabited by the Sami people.


lexentry: eng/Laptev_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laptev Sea
trans_list: Morze Łaptiewów
sense:
A marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located between the eastern coast of Siberia, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands. The Kara Sea lies to the west, the East Siberian Sea to the east.


lexentry: eng/Larissa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Larissa
trans_list: Larissa
sense:
A city in western Asia Minor, close to the ancient Greek city of Smyrna and to the contemporary Turkish city of Menemen.


lexentry: eng/Larry__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Larry
trans_list: Wawrzyniec
sense:
A diminutive of the en given name Laurence or Lawrence, popular as a male given name in the U.S. in the 1940s and the 1950s.


lexentry: eng/Late_Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Late Middle Ages
trans_list: Późne Średniowiecze
sense:
(history) The period of European history between the High Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, c. 1300 to 1500 CE.


lexentry: eng/Latin_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin America
trans_list: Ameryka Łacińska
sense:
Those parts of the Americas which speak Spanish, Portuguese, French or Creoles based on them, which are Latin-derived languages: South America, Central America, Mexico, and most islands of the Caribbean.


lexentry: eng/Latin_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin Church
trans_list: Kościół łaciński
sense:
(Catholicism) One of the 24 particular churches (sui juris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church which uses the Latin liturgical rites.


lexentry: eng/Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin
trans_list: łacina | język łaciński | łaciński
sense:
(uncountable) The language of the ancient Romans, other Latins and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin.


lexentry: eng/Latin_alphabet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin alphabet
trans_list: alfabet łaciński | łacinka
sense:
The 26-letter alphabet consisting of the following letters (presented in majuscule and minuscule pairs):


lexentry: eng/Latin_square__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin square
trans_list: kwadrat łaciński
sense:
(mathematics) An n-by-n arrangement of n different integers such that each row, each column and each of the two diagonals contains each of the integers once and once only.


lexentry: eng/Latinity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latinity
trans_list: łacińskość
sense:
(uncountable, countable) The quality of a particular person's Latin speech or writing; the Latin language, as an area of study or interest.


lexentry: eng/Latinize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latinize
trans_list: latynizować
sense:
(transitive) To translate something into the Latin language; or make a word similar in appearance or form to a Latin word.


lexentry: eng/Latino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latino
trans_list: Latynos | Latynoska
sense:
(chiefly, _, US) A person, especially and usually (interpreted as) a male, from Latin America, a Hispanic person. (Compare Latina.)


lexentry: eng/Latium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latium
trans_list: Lacjum
sense:
(historical) A historical region of central Italy, in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Latvian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latvian SSR
trans_list: Łotewska SRR
sense:
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name of Latvia while it was a member republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1940–1941 and 1944–1991).


lexentry: eng/Laurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laurasia
trans_list: Laurazja
sense:
(geology) A supercontinent which included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Northern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/Laurel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laurel
trans_list: wawrzyn
sense:
(Mormonism) Formerly a 16- to 17-year-old participant in the Young Women organization of the LDS Church.


lexentry: eng/Lausanne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lausanne
trans_list: Lozanna
sense:
A municipality and city, the capital of Vaud canton, in western Switzerland, in which French is the main language.


lexentry: eng/Lazarus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lazarus
trans_list: Łazarz
sense:
(biblical) Lazarus of Bethany, a man supposedly raised from the dead by Jesus Christ and later (Christianity) revered as a saint.


lexentry: eng/Lazarus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lazarus
trans_list: Łazarz
sense:
(biblical) A beggar in a parable by Jesus Christ, traditionally (Christianity) believed to have been a leper and often conflated with Lazarus of Bethany.


lexentry: eng/Lazio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lazio
trans_list: Lacjum
sense:
An administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital. It corresponds to ancient Latium.


lexentry: eng/LePenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: LePenism
trans_list: lepenizm
sense:
The support or ideals of Jean-Marie Le Pen (French politician and leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011) and/or Marine Le Pen (his daughter, also a French politician and leader of the National Front since 2011).


lexentry: eng/Le_Chatelier's_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Le Chatelier's principle
trans_list: reguła przekory
sense:
(chemistry) A principle stating that, if a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, or total pressure, the equilibrium will shift in order to minimize that change.


lexentry: eng/Le_Havre__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Le Havre
trans_list: Hawr
sense:
A city and major port beside the mouth of the River Seine in Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, northern France.


lexentry: eng/League_of_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: League of Nations
trans_list: Liga Narodów
sense:
An international organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War. Its goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global quality of life. The predecessor of the United Nations.


lexentry: eng/Leaving_Certificate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leaving Certificate
trans_list: świadectwo dojrzałości
sense:
(Ireland) The certificate awarded to Irish students who pass the state examinations at the end of secondary school.


lexentry: eng/Lebanon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lebanon
trans_list: Liban
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Lebanese Republic. Capital: Beirut. Also (especially formerly) known as "the Lebanon".


lexentry: eng/Lena__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lena
trans_list: Lena
sense:
A major river in Russia, flowing 2,734 miles from the mountains by the lake Baikal to the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Leningrad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leningrad
trans_list: Leningrad
sense:
(historical) Saint Petersburg, a major city in Russia, from the time of Lenin's death in 1924 until 1991.


lexentry: eng/Leningrad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Leningrad
trans_list: Obwód leningradzki
sense:
An oblast of Russia, which surrounds, but no longer contains, Saint Petersburg, its former administrative centre.


lexentry: eng/Leninism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leninism
trans_list: leninizm
sense:
A political ideology developed by Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party, as the political prelude to the establishment of communism.


lexentry: eng/Lent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lent
trans_list: Wielki Post
sense:
(Christianity) A period of the ecclesiastical year preceding Easter, traditionally involving temporary abstention from certain foods and pleasures.


lexentry: eng/Leo_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leo Minor
trans_list: Mały Lew
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a small lion. It lies north of the constellation Leo and south of Ursa Major.


lexentry: eng/Leo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Leo
trans_list: Lew
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, shaped approximately like a lion and containing the stars Regulus and Denebola.


lexentry: eng/Leo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Leo
trans_list: Lew
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the Lion, ruled by the Sun and covering July 23 - August 22 (tropical astrology) or August 16 - September 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Lepus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lepus
trans_list: Zając
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a rabbit. It lies south of the constellation Orion.


lexentry: eng/Levant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Levant
trans_list: Lewant
sense:
The countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, namely Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus (and sometimes, especially in a historical context, also including Turkey and Egypt, then part of the Ottoman Empire).


lexentry: eng/Levi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Levi
trans_list: Lewi
sense:
One of the Biblical tribes of Israelites, descended from Levi; the tribe from which priests were selected.


lexentry: eng/Leyden_jar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leyden jar
trans_list: butelka lejdejska
sense:
(electrical engineering, historical) A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate static electricity between two electrodes.


lexentry: eng/Lezhë__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lezhë
trans_list: Aleksy
sense:
A growing town in northwestern Albania, located 5-6 km southeast of Shëngjin slightly northeast of the southern mouth of the river Drin (Small Drin), which passes through the town; the town is best known for being one of the former centres of the Illyrian kingdom and for its typically Illyrian fortification walls; it is the seat of its eponymous county, municipality and municipal unit.


lexentry: eng/Lhotecký_Šefel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lhotecký Šefel
trans_list: Machowski Szczyt
sense:
A hill, with a maximum elevation of 692·7 m, near the village of Machovská Lhota in the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Libra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Libra
trans_list: Waga
sense:
(astrology) The astrological sign for the scales, ruled by Venus and covering September 24 - October 23 (tropical astrology) or October 16 - November 16 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Limburgish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Limburgish
trans_list: limburski
sense:
A Germanic language or dialect continuum spoken near the common border between the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Linear_B__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linear B
trans_list: linearne B
sense:
(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write Mycenaean Greek in the second millennium BC, before the invention of the Greek alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Lingala__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lingala
trans_list: lingala
sense:
A Bantu language spoken throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) and a large part of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), as well as to some degree in Angola and the Central African Republic.


lexentry: eng/Lion_of_Judah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lion of Judah
trans_list: Lew Judy
sense:
(Judaism) a Jewish national and cultural symbol, traditionally regarded as a symbol of the tribe of Judah.


lexentry: eng/Lisbon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lisbon
trans_list: Lizbona
sense:
A port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal.


lexentry: eng/Liszt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Liszt
trans_list: Liszt
sense:
(astronomy) An asteroid in Asteroid Belt, Solar System, discovered in 1988 and named for the composer. Official name: 3910 Liszt. Provisional name: 1988 SF.


lexentry: eng/Lithuanization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lithuanization
trans_list: lituanizacja
sense:
The act of assimilating a non-Lithuanian culture into a Lithuanian one; the process of making something Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/Little_Dipper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Little Dipper
trans_list: Mały Wóz
sense:
(constellation) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a ladle or cart. It is part of the constellation Ursa Minor and includes the northern pole star Polaris.


lexentry: eng/Little_Red_Riding_Hood__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Little Red Riding Hood
trans_list: Czerwony Kapturek
sense:
A fairy tale about a young girl who walks through the forest to visit her grandmother and encounters the Big Bad Wolf (or another vicious wolf, or werewolf in archaic versions).


lexentry: eng/Liturgy_of_the_Hours__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Liturgy of the Hours
trans_list: liturgia godzin
sense:
(Catholicism) A liturgy for daily use at each of the canonical hours obligatory to all Catholic bishops, priests, and transitional deacons and composed of psalms, hymns, and readings but lacking the eucharist.


lexentry: eng/Liverpool__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Liverpool
trans_list: Liverpool
sense:
A city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England; an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world.


lexentry: eng/Livonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Livonia
trans_list: Inflanty | Liwonia
sense:
(historic) A historical region in the Baltic, south of the Gulf of Finland, now divided and constituting southern Estonia and northern Latvia.


lexentry: eng/Loch_Ness_monster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loch Ness monster
trans_list: potwór z Loch Ness
sense:
(cryptozoology) A large creature believed by some to inhabit Loch Ness in Scotland. It is said to have a long neck and one or more humps that protrude from the water.


lexentry: eng/Lojban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lojban
trans_list: lojban | Lożban
sense:
An artificial language created by Logical Language Group designed to be logical, based on the earlier Loglan.


lexentry: eng/Loki__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loki
trans_list: Loki
sense:
(Norse mythology) The god of mischief and trickery; growing progressively evil, he kills Balder, and is bound until Ragnarok, the end of the world.


lexentry: eng/Lom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lom
trans_list: Lomowie
sense:
A nomadic people related to the Rom and Dom, with origins in India, who reside in Transcaucasia; Caucasian Gypsies.


lexentry: eng/Lombardic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lombardic
trans_list: longobardzki
sense:
Of the Lombards, a Germanic people who settled in Italy in the sixth century C.E., or of their language or culture.


lexentry: eng/Lombardy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lombardy
trans_list: Lombardia
sense:
An administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley.


lexentry: eng/London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: London
trans_list: londyński
sense:
The capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England. Situated on the tidal River Thames in southeast England, with a metropolitan population of more than 13,000,000.


lexentry: eng/London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: London
trans_list: Londyn
sense:
A former administrative county in England, created in 1889 from parts of Kent, Middlesex and Surrey, and merged into Greater London in 1965.


lexentry: eng/Lord's_Prayer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lord's Prayer
trans_list: Ojcze nasz | Modlitwa Pańska
sense:
The prayer which, according to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus Christ taught his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount.


lexentry: eng/Lorraine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lorraine
trans_list: Lotaryngia
sense:
A former administrative region and former duchy in eastern France; since 2016 part of the region of Grand Est.


lexentry: eng/Los_Angeles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Los Angeles
trans_list: Los Angeles
sense:
A city and port, the county seat of Los Angeles County, the largest city in California, and the 2nd largest in the United States, famed for being the center of the American film industry.


lexentry: eng/Louisiana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Louisiana
trans_list: Luizjana
sense:
A state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. Capital: Baton Rouge. Largest city: New Orleans.


lexentry: eng/Lourdes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lourdes
trans_list: Lourdes
sense:
A town in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, Occitanie in the French Pyrenees, and site of a large Catholic pilgrimage.


lexentry: eng/Low_German__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Low German
trans_list: dolnoniemiecki
sense:
(linguistics) Any of a number of West Germanic languages, primarily spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, that did not undergo the High German consonant shift; the group thereof.


lexentry: eng/Low_Saxon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Low Saxon
trans_list: dolnosaksoński
sense:
A group of related dialects of Low German, spoken in northern Germany and parts of the Netherlands, formerly also in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Lower_Silesian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lower Silesian
trans_list: dolnośląski
sense:
A West Germanic language spoken in Poland, as well as in northeastern Czechia and in eastern Germany. This language (or group of dialects) is nearly extinct.


lexentry: eng/Lucifer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lucifer
trans_list: Lucyfer
sense:
(biblical) The King of Babylon who was compared to the planet Venus in first the Wycliffe version then the King James Version of Isaiah 14:12; it is unclear whether this verse refers to a specific king or to a representation of the entire line of kings of Babylon.


lexentry: eng/Lucy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lucy
trans_list: Łucja
sense:
A surname from Old French derived from place names in Normandy based on a male personal name, from Latin Lucius.


lexentry: eng/Luddite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luddite
trans_list: luddysta
sense:
(historical) Any of a group of early-19th-century English textile workers who destroyed machinery because it would harm their livelihood.


lexentry: eng/Luhansk_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luhansk People's Republic
trans_list: Ługańska Republika Ludowa
sense:
A Russian-backed, partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in {Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine on the 27th of April, 2014.


lexentry: eng/Luhansk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luhansk
trans_list: Ługańsk | Obwód ługański
sense:
(city) A city, the administrative capital of Luhansk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, in the Donbas region, in eastern Ukraine, former administrative capital of the eponymous provonce.


lexentry: eng/Luhansk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Luhansk
trans_list: Obwód ługański
sense:
(province) An oblast in the Donbas region, in eastern Ukraine. Seat: Sievierodonetsk; former seat: Luhansk (prior to the Donbas War, where Russia occupied and set up puppet countries)


lexentry: eng/Luke__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Luke
trans_list: Łukasz
sense:
Luke the Evangelist, an early Christian credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.


lexentry: eng/Luke__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Luke
trans_list: Ewangelia Łukasza | Łukasz
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Luke, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the third of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/Lunarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lunarian
trans_list: Selenita | Selenitka
sense:
(science fiction) An inhabitant of Earth's Moon (Luna): either an indigenous humanoid one or a human one.


lexentry: eng/Lupus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lupus
trans_list: Wilk
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a wolf. It lies south of the constellation Libra.


lexentry: eng/Lusatian_Neisse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lusatian Neisse
trans_list: Nysa Łużycka
sense:
A river in the Czech Republic (54 km) and forming a portion of the border between Poland and Germany border (198 km).


lexentry: eng/Lutheran__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheran
trans_list: luterański
sense:
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546) or his followers, or the Lutheran church.


lexentry: eng/Lutheran__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheran
trans_list: luteranin | luteranka
sense:
(Christianity) A member of any of the Christian churches which identify with the theology of Martin Luther.


lexentry: eng/Lutheranism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheranism
trans_list: luteranizm
sense:
The Christian denomination based on the beliefs and doctrines developed by Martin Luther and his immediate followers.


lexentry: eng/Luwian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luwian
trans_list: luwijski
sense:
an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken in the 2nd millennium BC and recorded in both hieroglyphic and cuneiform scripts.


lexentry: eng/Luxembourg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luxembourg
trans_list: Luksemburg
sense:
A small country in Western Europe. Official name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Capital and largest city: Luxembourg.


lexentry: eng/Luxembourgish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luxembourgish
trans_list: luksemburski
sense:
A Germanic language spoken in Luxembourg and, traditionally, around the city of Arlon (Belgium); originally included in the Moselle Franconian group of High German dialects, but now usually regarded as a separate language due to its standardisation and official use in the state of Luxembourg.


lexentry: eng/Lycia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lycia
trans_list: Licja
sense:
(historical) An ancient region and Roman province in the southwest of Asia Minor, between Caria and Pamphylia.


lexentry: eng/Lyman__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyman
trans_list: Łyman
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name, Kramatorsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1667 or 1678


lexentry: eng/Lyme_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyme disease
trans_list: borelioza | choroba z Lyme
sense:
(disease) Infection by one of three or more subspecies of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by four species of tick in genus Ixodes. Symptoms include a rash followed by fever, joint pain, and headaches.


lexentry: eng/Lynchian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lynchian
trans_list: Lynczowski
sense:
Of or pertaining to David Keith Lynch (born 1946), American filmmaker and director whose surrealist films are characterized by dream imagery and meticulous sound design.


lexentry: eng/Lynx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lynx
trans_list: Ryś
sense:
(constellation) A faint spring constellation of the northern sky. It lies north of the constellation Cancer.


lexentry: eng/Lyptsi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyptsi
trans_list: Łypci
sense:
A village, the administrative centre of the rural hromada of the same name of Kharkiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1660


lexentry: eng/Lyra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyra
trans_list: Lutnia
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lyre. It includes the bright star Vega and the Ring Nebula.


lexentry: eng/Lübeck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lübeck
trans_list: Lubeka
sense:
A city in Schleswig-Holstein, north-central Germany, northeast of Hamburg; a major Baltic port and industrial center, the present city dates from 1143 and was the leading town of the Hanseatic League after its designation as a free city in 1226; it retained that status until 1937.


lexentry: eng/MEP__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (EU politics) Initialism of Member of the European Parliament.
written_rep: MEP
trans_list:
eurodeputowana | eurodeputowany | europarlamentarzysta | europarlamentarzystka | europoseł | europosłanka


lexentry: eng/MP3_player__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MP3 player
trans_list: empetrójka | odtwarzacz MP3
sense:
An electronic device for playing digital audio files in the MP3 format and, in many cases, files in some other formats, as well as including a radio function.


lexentry: eng/MRSA__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MRSA
trans_list: MRSA
sense:
(microbiology, medicine) Initialism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; a bacterium responsible for serious infections.


lexentry: eng/Maastrichtian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Maastrichtian
trans_list: Maastrycht
sense:
(geology) in the ICS geologic timescale, the last stage or age of the Cretaceous period, and of the Mesozoic era, preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian period.


lexentry: eng/Macanese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macanese
trans_list: Makańczyk
sense:
A member of an ethnic group from Macau of mixed European (usually Portuguese) and Asian (usually Chinese) origin.


lexentry: eng/Macaronesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macaronesia
trans_list: Makaronezja
sense:
A group of islands in the North Atlantic: the Azores, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira and the Savage Islands.


lexentry: eng/Macau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macau
trans_list: Makau | Macao
sense:
A special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, west of Hong Kong, previously under Portuguese control.


lexentry: eng/Maccabee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maccabee
trans_list: Machabeusz
sense:
(biblical) A member of the Maccabees (a liberation movement in Israel who established Jewish independence in the Land of Israel in the second and first centuries BC).


lexentry: eng/Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macedonia
trans_list: Macedonia
sense:
An ancient Greek kingdom, located to the north of Thessaly, comprising the Greek city of Thessaloniki and its surroundings.


lexentry: eng/Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Macedonia
trans_list: Macedonia
sense:
A geographical region which includes the Republic of North Macedonia, the Greek region of Macedonia, the Pirin region of Bulgaria, and small parts of Albania and Serbia.


lexentry: eng/Machiavellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machiavellian
trans_list: makiaweliczny
sense:
Attempting to achieve goals by cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous methods, especially in politics or in advancing one's career.


lexentry: eng/Machiavellianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machiavellianism
trans_list: makiawelizm
sense:
(philosophy, politics) A political philosophy, based on the writings of Machiavelli, especially The Prince, that advocates the use of ruthlessness and duplicity in political dealings.


lexentry: eng/Machmeter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machmeter
trans_list: machometr
sense:
(aviation) An instrument that measures the speed of an aircraft relative to that of sound and displays it in Mach numbers.


lexentry: eng/Machovská_Lhota__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machovská Lhota
trans_list: Machovská Lhota
sense:
A village, located 6 km (3¾ mi.) southeast of Police nad Metují, in the municipality of Machov, Náchod District, Hradec Králové Region, Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Machów__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Machów
trans_list: Machów
sense:
Formerly a village, since 1976 a southern district of the city of Tarnobrzeg, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of southeastern Poland.


lexentry: eng/Madagascar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Madagascar
trans_list: Madagaskar
sense:
An island and country off the east coast of Africa. Official name: Republic of Madagascar. Capital: Antananarivo.


lexentry: eng/Madonna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Madonna
trans_list: Madonna
sense:
(Christianity, sometimes with definite article) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Catholic contexts.


lexentry: eng/Mafia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mafia
trans_list: mafia
sense:
Any other specific organized crime syndicate operating internationally in high-level organized crime; often with a modifying adjective, such as a nationality.


lexentry: eng/Mafia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mafia
trans_list: mafia
sense:
The international criminal organization of Sicilian origin operating in Italy and the United States.


lexentry: eng/Maghreb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maghreb
trans_list: Maghreb
sense:
A region of North Africa. Northwest Africa, the region of Africa north of the Sahara and west of the Nile. The lands of the Maghreb are generally considered to be the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya.


lexentry: eng/Magi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magi
trans_list: Trzech Króli
sense:
(Christianity) Chiefly preceded by the (three): the wise men who visited and gave gifts to the baby Jesus at the Epiphany (traditionally considered to be three in number and sometimes named Balthazar, Caspar, and Melchior, but the Bible does not state how many there were or their names).


lexentry: eng/Magna_Carta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magna Carta
trans_list: Magna Charta Libertatum
sense:
(historical) A charter granted by King John to the barons at Runnymede in 1215, which is one of the bases of English constitutional tradition; a physical copy of this charter, or a later version.


lexentry: eng/Maine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Maine
trans_list: Maine
sense:
A state of the United States; probably named for the province in France. Capital: Augusta. Largest city: Portland.


lexentry: eng/Malay_Archipelago__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay Archipelago
trans_list: Archipelag Malajski
sense:
the archipelago between mainland Southeastern Asia and Australia, that includes Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, East Malaysia and East Timor


lexentry: eng/Malay_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay Peninsula
trans_list: Półwysep Malajski
sense:
A peninsula in Southeast Asia containing the southernmost tip of Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia and Southern Thailand.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: malajski
sense:
Of or relating to the Malays, a people living in Brunei, on the eastern coast of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung, the Riau archipelago and the coastal areas of Kalimantan in Indonesia, in most of Malaysia (states where they are politically dominant), in Singapore and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: Malaj | Malajka
sense:
(countable) A person of Malay ancestry, referring to a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: malajski
sense:
(broad sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, including under the name Indonesian.


lexentry: eng/Maldives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maldives
trans_list: Malediwy
sense:
An archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India. Official name: Republic of Maldives. Capital: Malé.


lexentry: eng/Manchester__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Manchester
trans_list: Manchester
sense:
The largest city in New Hampshire, United States and one of the two county seats of Hillsborough County.


lexentry: eng/Manchuria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Manchuria
trans_list: Mandżuria
sense:
(historical) The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.


lexentry: eng/Mandaeism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandaeism
trans_list: mandaizm | mandeizm
sense:
A monotheistic religion of the Iraq region with a strongly dualistic and gnostic worldview, whose adherents (the Mandaeans) revere Adam and other Biblical figures, especially John the Baptist.


