# translation

lexentry: eng/-adic__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -adic
trans_list: -adico
sense:
(algebra, of a topology on a module M over a ring R, combined with a symbol (here I but also often p, m, or a) representing an ideal of R) Such that the sets x+I^nM (where x \in M, n a non-negative integer) form a basis for the topology.


lexentry: eng/-aemia__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -aemia
trans_list: -emia
sense:
(British spelling, medicine) Blood; presence in blood (of a substance denoted by an affixed combining form); state or condition of the blood.


lexentry: eng/-an__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -an
trans_list: -ano
sense:
Of or pertaining to; an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. (Often added to words of Latin origin, but also used with words of other origins. When a word ends in a, -n is used instead.)


lexentry: eng/-ane__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ane
trans_list: -ano
sense:
Variant of -an, usually with differentiation (germane, humane, urbane), but sometimes alone (mundane).


lexentry: eng/-drome__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -drome
trans_list: -dromo
sense:
(literary) Forms placenames related to racetracks (now especially large covered racetracks) or similar structures.


lexentry: eng/-ee__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ee
trans_list: -ata | -ato
sense:
Added to transitive verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the object of that verb (i.e., to whom or to which an action is done).


lexentry: eng/-ee__Suffix__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: -ee
trans_list: -tore | -trice
sense:
(law) Used to form words meaning a person who is the other party to a contract or other transaction involving a person described by the corresponding word ending in -or.


lexentry: eng/-elect__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -elect
trans_list: futuro
sense:
Used after a title to indicate that the person has been elected to hold the title, but has not yet officially taken it.


lexentry: eng/-er__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -er
trans_list: -ore | -tore
sense:
(added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun.


lexentry: eng/-er__Suffix__5
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -er
trans_list: più
sense:
(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative.


lexentry: eng/-ese__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ese
trans_list: -ese
sense:
Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people.


lexentry: eng/-est__Suffix__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -est
trans_list: -i
sense:
(archaic, dialectal) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs. (if thou is the subject; not used with you)


lexentry: eng/-gon__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -gon
trans_list: -gono
sense:
(geometry) Forms the names of plane figures containing a given number of angles, and thus bounded by that number of line segments (polygons). If the number is large enough, it can take the hyphenated suffix directly.


lexentry: eng/-ible__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ible
trans_list: -abile | -ibile | al | di
sense:
An adjective suffix, now usually in a passive sense; forms adjectives meaning "able to be", "relevant or suitable to, in accordance with", or expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense.


lexentry: eng/-ic__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ic
trans_list: -ico
sense:
(chemistry) Used to denote certain chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a higher oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ous. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃).


lexentry: eng/-ine__Suffix__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: -ine
trans_list: -ina
sense:
(chemistry) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements.


lexentry: eng/-ing__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ing
trans_list: -aggio | -azione | -mento | -uzione | -zione
sense:
Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.


lexentry: eng/-ing__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ing
trans_list: -ando | -endo | -tura
sense:
Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.


lexentry: eng/-ism__Suffix__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: -ism
trans_list: -ismo
sense:
Used to form names of a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology, or principle or lack thereof.


lexentry: eng/-itis__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -itis
trans_list: -ite
sense:
(pathology) Suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection.


lexentry: eng/-ity__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ity
trans_list: -ità
sense:
Used to form an uncountable noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.


lexentry: eng/-ive__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ive
trans_list: -iva | -ivo | -ive | -ivi
sense:
An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to, or serving to; as: affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.


lexentry: eng/-ization__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ization
trans_list: -izzare | -izzazione
sense:
A suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing something, or of making something.


lexentry: eng/-less__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -less
trans_list: senza | in- | dis- | s-
sense:
Lacking (something); without (something). Added usually to a noun to form an adjective signifying a lack of that noun.


lexentry: eng/-mancy__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -mancy
trans_list: -manzia
sense:
(fantasy) Variety of magic, especially that controlling or related to a specific element, substance, or theme.


lexentry: eng/-ness__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ness
trans_list: -ità | -ezza
sense:
Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)".


lexentry: eng/-nomy__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -nomy
trans_list: -nomia
sense:
a system of rules, laws, or knowledge about a body of a particular field; distribution, arrangement, management


lexentry: eng/-oid__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -oid
trans_list: -oide
sense:
Resembling; having the likeness of (usually including the concept of not being the same despite the likeness, but counterexamples exist).


lexentry: eng/-ology__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ology
trans_list: -ologia
sense:
(often, humorous) added to an ordinary English word to create a name for a (possibly non-existent) field of study.


lexentry: eng/-on__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -on
trans_list: -one
sense:
(physics, maths, and, biology) Forming nouns denoting subatomic particles (proton), quanta (photon), molecular units (codon), or substances (interferon).


lexentry: eng/-philia__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -philia
trans_list: -filia
sense:
(pathology) Used to form nouns meaning abnormal liking or tendency (for something), e.g. paraphilia.


lexentry: eng/-ship__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ship
trans_list: -enza | -ezza | -ità
sense:
Appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union. In particular, the way a set of social duties associated with a particular role shapes or develop's one's character.


lexentry: eng/-th__Suffix__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -th
trans_list: -esimo | -imo | -to
sense:
(mathematics) Used to form a term denoting the ordinal numeral corresponding to the value, being a natural number, of a mathematical expression.


lexentry: eng/-tion__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -tion
trans_list: -zione
sense:
(non-productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used.


lexentry: eng/-uria__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -uria
trans_list: -uria
sense:
(pathology) urine; urination; presence in urine (of a substance denoted by a prefixed combining form); state or condition of the urine.


lexentry: eng/-ward__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ward
trans_list: in direzione
sense:
Forming adverbs denoting course or direction to, or motion or tendency toward, as in "backward", "toward", "forward", etc.


lexentry: eng/-wards__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -wards
trans_list: in direzione
sense:
Forming adjectives and adverbs denoting course or direction to, or motion or tendency toward, as in "backwards", "towards", etc.


lexentry: eng/-ware__Suffix__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ware
trans_list: programma
sense:
(computing) Used to form mass nouns denoting specific classes of computer software, based on use, function, or method of distribution.


lexentry: eng/-y__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -y
trans_list: -oso
sense:
Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.


lexentry: eng/-yl__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -yl
trans_list: -ile
sense:
(organic chemistry) A univalent radical or functional group formed from a given molecule. Thus propyl from propane, benzyl from benzene, and so forth.


lexentry: eng/-zygous__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -zygous
trans_list: -zigotico
sense:
(biology) Having or originating from a specified state as a result of conditions in the zygote stage of development.


lexentry: eng/120-cell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 120-cell
trans_list: 120-celle | iperdodecaedro
sense:
(geometry) A four-dimensional polytope, analogous to a dodecahedron, whose 120 bounding facets are dodecahedra.


lexentry: eng/16-cell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 16-cell
trans_list: 16-cella | 4-ortoplesso | esadecacoro | ipertetraedro
sense:
(geometry) A four-dimensional polytope, analogous to an octahedron, whose sixteen bounding facets are tetrahedra.


lexentry: eng/2CV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 2CV
trans_list: anatra
sense:
deux chevaux (conventional French shortening of deux chevaux-vapeur "two horsepower") (a model of car by French manufacturer, Citroën)


lexentry: eng/5-cell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 5-cell
trans_list: 5-cella | ipertetraedro | pentacoro
sense:
(geometry) A four-dimensional polytope, analogous to a tetrahedron, whose five bounding facets are tetrahedra.


lexentry: eng/600-cell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 600-cell
trans_list: 600-cella | esacosicoro | tetraplesso
sense:
(geometry) A four-dimensional polytope, analogous to an icosahedron, whose 600 bounding facets are tetrahedra.


lexentry: eng/610_Office__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 610 Office
trans_list: ufficio 610
sense:
(informal) The Public Security Anti-Xie-Jiao Organization (公安部反邪教组, gong'anbu fanxiejiao zu) in the People's Republic of China


lexentry: eng/8-cell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 8-cell
trans_list: ipercubo quadridimensionale | ipertetraedro | tesseratto
sense:
(geometry) A four-dimensional polytope, analogous to a cube, whose eight bounding facets are cubes; a tesseract.


lexentry: eng/A-bomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A-bomb
trans_list: bomba A
sense:
(slang) An atomic bomb; a weapon that derives its energy from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power.


lexentry: eng/ABC__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ABC
trans_list: abbiccì
sense:
(obsolete) A primer for teaching the Latin alphabet and first elements of reading. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid-17th century.]


lexentry: eng/AC__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: AC
trans_list: corrente alternata
sense:
(electricity) Initialism of alternating current (often used to indicate an alternating potential rather than a current).


lexentry: eng/ATV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ATV
trans_list: fuoristrada
sense:
(transportation) Initialism of all-terrain vehicle. (an astride-seated quad or tri-wheeled off-road recreational vehicle).


lexentry: eng/A_level__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A level
trans_list: maturità
sense:
A non-compulsory examination taken in the final two years in British high schools; the qualification obtained by passing such an exam


lexentry: eng/A_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A major
trans_list: la maggiore
sense:
(music) The major key with A as its tonic, with the notes A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯, the key signature of which has three sharps.


lexentry: eng/Aar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aar
trans_list: Aar
sense:
A river in Switzerland, flowing 292 km from the glaciers of the Bernese Alps into the Rhine at Koblenz, on the Swiss–German border.


lexentry: eng/Aar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aar
trans_list: Aar
sense:
A river in Germany that flows 50 km from the Taunus in Hesse into the Lahn at Diez, Rhineland-Palatinate.


lexentry: eng/Abba__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abba
trans_list: padre
sense:
(Christianity) Father, an honorific title given to God in the New Testament, especially used in prayers. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/Abbe_refractometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abbe refractometer
trans_list: rifrattometro di Abbe
sense:
(physics) An instrument used to measure the refractive index of a liquid, by utilizing the critical angle for total reflection.


lexentry: eng/Abecedarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abecedarian
trans_list: abecedariano
sense:
(historical) A member of a 16th-century Anabaptist sect, follower of the Zwickau prophets (and specially of Thomas Storch), who believed that any kind of knowledge (even basic reading and writing) would keep one from reaching obtaining salvation. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Abelian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abelian
trans_list: abeliani
sense:
(Christianity, historical) A member of a sect in fourth-century Africa mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married but lived in continence after the manner, as they claimed, of Abel.


lexentry: eng/Abkhaz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abkhaz
trans_list: abcaso | abcasa | abcazica | abcazico
sense:
An Abkhazian; a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, a region just east of the Black Sea. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Abkhazia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abkhazia
trans_list: Abcasia | Abkhazia
sense:
A region and de-facto independent but largely unrecognized country on the coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus, which considers itself an independent state called the Republic of Abkhazia; considered part of Georgia's territory by the Georgian government and the vast majority of the international community.


lexentry: eng/Aboriginal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aboriginal
trans_list: aborigeno
sense:
Of or pertaining to Australian Aboriginal peoples, or their languages. [First attested in the 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Aboriginal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aboriginal
trans_list: aborigeno
sense:
(potentially offensive) An Aboriginal inhabitant of Australia or other land. [First attested in the 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Aborigine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aborigine
trans_list: aborigeno
sense:
(dated, now, offensive) An Aboriginal person from Australia (descending from, or a member of, one of the indigenous people(s) before British colonisation), Aboriginal Australian.


lexentry: eng/Aborigines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Aborigines
trans_list: aborigeno
sense:
The native peoples of various regions, especially the Australian Aboriginal peoples, but also the original inhabitants of Canada and Argentina. Often considered offensive.


lexentry: eng/Abraham's_bosom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abraham's bosom
trans_list: seno di Abramo
sense:
(Christianity) The waiting place for the faithful dead between the crucifixion and the resurrection of Christ; paradise. [First attested prior to 1150.]


lexentry: eng/Abraham__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abraham
trans_list: Abramo
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i) A prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar. [First attested prior to 1150.]


lexentry: eng/Abruzzi_Apennines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abruzzi Apennines
trans_list: Appennino abruzzese
sense:
the part of the Apennines that contain its highest peaks and most rugged terrain; located in Abruzzo, Molise (formerly part of Abruzzo) and southeastern Lazio


lexentry: eng/Abuja__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abuja
trans_list: Abuja
sense:
The capital city of Nigeria; lying in the Federal Capital Territory in the North Central geopolitical zone.


lexentry: eng/Abyssinia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abyssinia
trans_list: Abissinia
sense:
(historical) The Ethiopian Empire, a former empire in East Africa, consisting of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea.


lexentry: eng/Abyssinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abyssinian
trans_list: abissino
sense:
(dated, usually, _, capitalized) Of or pertaining to Ethiopia or its inhabitants; Ethiopian. [First attested in the late 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/Acadia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acadia
trans_list: Acadia
sense:
(history) A colonial territory owned by France in the 17th and early 18th centuries, spanning over what are now the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island) and part of the state of Maine in the USA.


lexentry: eng/Achaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achaea
trans_list: Acaia
sense:
An ancient region in the northern part of the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece, occupying the coastal strip north of Arcadia, contanining mostly mountains.


lexentry: eng/Achaean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achaean
trans_list: acheo
sense:
An inhabitant or resident of Achaea, especially a member of an ancient Hellenic tribe that inhabited the region of Achaea.


lexentry: eng/Achaemenid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achaemenid
trans_list: aquemenidi
sense:
Relating to the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE (the Achaemenid Empire), founded by Achaemenes.


lexentry: eng/Acheron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acheron
trans_list: Acheronte
sense:
(Greek mythology) A river in the infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets, it was supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf.


lexentry: eng/Achilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achilles
trans_list: Achille
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.


lexentry: eng/Achilles_tendon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achilles tendon
trans_list: tendine di Achille
sense:
(anatomy) The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, and inserted into the bone of the heel.


lexentry: eng/Acmeism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acmeism
trans_list: acmeismo
sense:
A literary movement in early twentieth-century Russia, reacting against symbolism and concerned with greater immediacy in poetic language.


lexentry: eng/Actium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Actium
trans_list: Azio
sense:
a promontory of Acarnania in Ancient Greece where Mark Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian in a naval battle in 31 BC


lexentry: eng/Adam's_apple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adam's apple
trans_list: pomo d'Adamo
sense:
(anatomy) The lump in the throat, usually more noticeable in men than in women; the laryngeal prominence.


lexentry: eng/Adjara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adjara
trans_list: Agiaria
sense:
An autonomous republic of Georgia located in its southwestern corner, bordered by Turkey to the south and by the Black Sea to the west. Predominantly populated by Muslim Georgians. Capital: Batumi.


lexentry: eng/Adria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adria
trans_list: Adria
sense:
A town and comune of Rovigo, Veneto, Italy, situated on the site of an Etruscan city of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Adriatic_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adriatic Sea
trans_list: mare Adriatico | Mare Adriatico
sense:
A sea and arm of the Mediterranean Sea, stretching north from the Ionian Sea to Venice, separating the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas.


lexentry: eng/Advent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Advent
trans_list: Avvento | avvento
sense:
(Christianity) The period or season of the Christian church year between Advent Sunday and Christmas.


lexentry: eng/Advent_calendar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advent calendar
trans_list: calendario dell'avvento
sense:
A calendar used to count down the days of Advent, having windows revealing a hidden picture or gift on each day.


lexentry: eng/Advent_wreath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advent wreath
trans_list: Corona dell'Avvento
sense:
(Christianity) A usually evergreen wreath adorned with four (or sometimes five) candles, the first of which is lit on Advent Sunday, followed by the lighting of an additional candle on each subsequent Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Adventist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adventist
trans_list: avventista
sense:
One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second Coming) of Jesus; an advocate of Adventism.


lexentry: eng/Aeneid__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeneid
trans_list: Eneide
sense:
A classic epic poem, written in Latin by Virgil in the 1st century BCE (between 29 and 19 BCE), that tells the legendary story of Aeneas fleeing Troy and settling in Italy as ancestor of the Romans.


lexentry: eng/Aeolus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeolus
trans_list: Eolo
sense:
(Greek god) The name of a number of characters in Greek mythology, including the founder of the Aeolian race, and a god with power over wind.


lexentry: eng/Aeschines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeschines
trans_list: Eschine
sense:
(Ancient Greece) A celebrated Greek statesman and orator (389–314 B.C.E.; full name Αἰσχίνης Ἀτρομήτου Κοθωκίδης, Aeschines Atrometi f. Cothocides), one the Canon of Ten Attic Orators.


lexentry: eng/Aeschylus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeschylus
trans_list: Eschilo
sense:
A Greek dramatic poet (525 BCE—456 BCE); Aeschylus was the earliest of the three greatest Greek tragedians.


lexentry: eng/Aesculapian_snake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aesculapian snake
trans_list: saettone | còlubro di Esculapio
sense:
A European species of nonvenomous snake, Zamenis longissimus, syn. Coluber longissimus, associated with Aesculapius in Ancient Greek mythology.


lexentry: eng/Aether__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aether
trans_list: Etere
sense:
(Greek god) One of the Greek primordial deities who was the personification of light, brother-husband of Hemera and grandson of Chaos.


lexentry: eng/Aetna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aetna
trans_list: Etna
sense:
(Greek mythology, and, Roman mythology) A nymph in Sicily who, according to legend, gave her name to the volcanic Mount Etna.


lexentry: eng/Aetna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aetna
trans_list: Etna
sense:
(historical) An ancient city in Sicily, in modern Italy, situated at the foot of Mount Etna, on its southern declivity.


lexentry: eng/Aetolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aetolia
trans_list: Etolia
sense:
A mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania.


lexentry: eng/Afghanistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afghanistan
trans_list: Afghanistan | Afganistan
sense:
A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia. Official name: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Capital and largest city: Kabul.


lexentry: eng/Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Africa
trans_list: Africa
sense:
The continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica.


lexentry: eng/African_clawed_frog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: African clawed frog
trans_list: xenopo
sense:
A clawed frog found in southern Africa, Xenopus laevis, that has some properties very useful for genetics.


lexentry: eng/African_hunting_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: African hunting dog
trans_list: licaone
sense:
A wild canid, Lycaon pictus, typically black, white and tan, found in Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa.


lexentry: eng/African_violet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: African violet
trans_list: violetta africana
sense:
Any perennial plant of section Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia (formerly genus Saintpaulia), especially Streptocarpus ionantha, with fine haired round leaves and velvety petals.


lexentry: eng/Afrikaans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afrikaans
trans_list: afrikaans
sense:
A Germanic language descending from Dutch; the primary language of the descendants of Dutch and other European settlers, as well as many mixed-race (e.g. Rehoboth Basters) living in South Africa and in Namibia. Also, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and until 1990 one of three official languages of Namibia.


lexentry: eng/Afrikaner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afrikaner
trans_list: afrikander
sense:
A member of an ethnic group of northwestern European ancestry and associated with southern Africa and the Afrikaans language.


lexentry: eng/Agamemnon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Agamemnon
trans_list: Agamennone
sense:
(Greek mythology) One of the most distinguished heroes of Greek mythology. He is the son of King Atreus of Mycenae and Queen Aerope and the brother of Menelaus. He is famous for rallying the Greeks in the Trojan War, yet infamous for the sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia at the commencement of the war.


lexentry: eng/Age_of_Enlightenment__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Age of Enlightenment
trans_list: illuminismo
sense:
(historical period) A period of time ranging from part of the 17th century through much of the 18th century, characterized particularly by the importance of logic and reason.


lexentry: eng/Aghlabid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aghlabid
trans_list: aglabita
sense:
(historical) Any member of an Arab dynasty of emirs who ruled Ifriqiya and parts of Southern Italy, nominally on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph, from 800–909 CE.


lexentry: eng/Ainu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ainu
trans_list: ainu
sense:
The endangered language spoken by the Ainu ethnic group, generally considered a language isolate with no known relation to other languages.


lexentry: eng/Aion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aion
trans_list: Aion
sense:
(Greek god) A Hellenistic deity associated with time, the orb or circle encompassing the universe, and the zodiac.


lexentry: eng/Akhenaten__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Akhenaten
trans_list: Akhenaton
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the 14th century BCE pharaoh Akhenaten, father of Tutankhamon and founder of Atenism


lexentry: eng/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Akrotiri and Dhekelia
trans_list: Akrotiri e Dhekelia
sense:
An overseas territory of the United Kingdom on the island of Cyprus. Official name: the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia.


lexentry: eng/Al_Jazeera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Al Jazeera
trans_list: Al Jazeera
sense:
A group of satellite television channels from Qatar. Two channels broadcast news in English and in Arabic, with other children’s and sport channels in Arabic.


lexentry: eng/Alanic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alanic
trans_list: alano
sense:
of or pertaining to Alans—an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity and middle ages—or their language


lexentry: eng/Alaska__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alaska
trans_list: Alaska | Alasca
sense:
A state of the United States, formerly a territory. Capital: Juneau. Postal code: AK, largest city: Anchorage.


lexentry: eng/Alaska_pollock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alaska pollock
trans_list: merluzzo d'Alaska | pollack d'Alaska
sense:
A semipelagic schooling fish, Gadus chalcogrammus (syn. Theragra chalcogramma), widely distributed in the North Pacific with largest concentrations found in the eastern Bering Sea.


lexentry: eng/Albania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Albania
trans_list: Albania
sense:
A country in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Albania. Capital and largest city: Tirana.


lexentry: eng/Albanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Albanian
trans_list: albanese
sense:
The languages spoken by the Albanian people, primarily spoken in Albania and Kosovo. (ISO 639 language codes: sq/sqi/alb (Albanian), als (Tosk), aln (Gheg), aat (Arvanitika), aae (Arbëresh).)


lexentry: eng/Albany__Proper_noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Albany
trans_list: Albany
sense:
The capital city of the state of New York in the United States, and the county seat of Albany County.


lexentry: eng/Alcaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcaic
trans_list: alcaico
sense:
Pertaining to Alcaeus, a Greek lyric poet of around 600 BC; especially, of a verse meter in a four-line stanza which he supposedly invented.


lexentry: eng/Alcibiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcibiades
trans_list: Alcibiade
sense:
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Alcibiades (450–404 B.C.), a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general.


lexentry: eng/Alcmene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcmene
trans_list: Alcmena
sense:
(Greek mythology) Descendant of Perseus and Andromeda, the wife of Amphitryon, and mother, by Zeus, of Heracles/Hercules.


lexentry: eng/Alcoholics_Anonymous__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcoholics Anonymous
trans_list: Alcolisti Anonimi
sense:
A self-supporting organization of alcoholic people, which proves mutual support to obtain and maintain sobriety.


lexentry: eng/Aldebaran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aldebaran
trans_list: Aldebaran
sense:
(star) One of the brightest stars in the sky, now recognised to be a binary star in the constellation Taurus (alpha (α) Tauri); an orange giant, 68 light years from Earth. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/Alectryon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alectryon
trans_list: Alectrione
sense:
(Greek mythology) A youth charged by Ares to stand guard outside his door while the god indulged in illicit love with Aphrodite. He fell asleep and was transformed into a rooster as punishment.


lexentry: eng/Alemannic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alemannic
trans_list: alemanno | tedesco alemanno
sense:
A language or dialect group, belonging to the High German dialects, spoken in certain parts of South Germany, in Alsace (France), Vorarlberg (Austria), Switzerland and Liechtenstein.


lexentry: eng/Aleutian_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aleutian Islands
trans_list: Isole Aleutine
sense:
An archipelago of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, between Alaska and the Kamchatka Peninsula of Asia; part of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Alexander_the_Great__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alexander the Great
trans_list: Alessandro Magno
sense:
(356–323 BCE) A king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia.


lexentry: eng/Alexandria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Alexandria
trans_list: Alessandria
sense:
A former town in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Ontario, Canada; now a part of the township of North Glengarry.


lexentry: eng/Algeria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Algeria
trans_list: Algeria
sense:
A country in North Africa. Official name: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. Capital and largest city: Algiers.


lexentry: eng/Algerian_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Algerian War
trans_list: guerra d'Algeria
sense:
The war between France and the Algerian nationalist FLN from 1954 to 1962, as a result of which Algeria gained its independence from France.


lexentry: eng/Algic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Algic
trans_list: algico
sense:
An indigenous language family of North America, comprising Wiyot, Yurok, and many Algonquian languages.


lexentry: eng/Ali_Baba__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Ali Baba
trans_list: Alì Babà
sense:
(mostly, attributive) A large container, such as a jar or a basket, with a flat base and usually a rounded body that tapers to a narrower neck.


lexentry: eng/All_Saints'_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: All Saints' Day
trans_list: Ognissanti | Tutti i Santi
sense:
(Christianity) In Christian tradition, the annual feast day celebrating the life of all saints, taking place on the first day of November, or (in the Greek church) on the first Sunday after Pentecost.


lexentry: eng/All_Souls'_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: All Souls' Day
trans_list: Commemorazione dei defunti | Giorno dei Morti
sense:
(Christianity) An annual feast day celebrating the faithful departed on the second day of November, immediately following All Saints' Day.


lexentry: eng/Allies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Allies
trans_list: Alleati
sense:
The countries allied against the Axis Powers during World War II. The major signatories included the United Kingdom, Soviet Union, United States, and China.


lexentry: eng/Allies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Allies
trans_list: Alleati
sense:
The countries allied against the Central Powers during World War I, including especially the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, and France.


lexentry: eng/Almodóvarian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Almodóvarian
trans_list: almodovariano
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Pedro Almodóvar (born 1949), Spanish filmmaker, director, screenwriter, producer, and actor.


lexentry: eng/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
trans_list: Alpi dell’Alta Provenza
sense:
One of the départements in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. Capital: Digne-les-Bains (INSEE code 04).


lexentry: eng/Alpha_Centauri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alpha Centauri
trans_list: Alfa Centauri
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is actually a binary star with Proxima Centauri as a third component.


lexentry: eng/Alps__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alps
trans_list: Alpi
sense:
(usually, with "the") A mountain range in Western Europe, running from France to Slovenia, the highest peak of which is Mont Blanc, at 4808 metres.


lexentry: eng/Alsace__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alsace
trans_list: Alsazia
sense:
A region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est. It has changed hands between France and Germany several times throughout history.


lexentry: eng/Altaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Altaic
trans_list: altaico
sense:
Of or pertaining to a grouping of languages (formerly proposed to be a language family, now generally considered a sprachbund by linguists) that includes the Turkic languages (e.g. Turkish), the Mongolic (e.g. Mongolian) and Tungusic (e.g. Xibe) languages, and less often the Japonic and Koreanic languages.


lexentry: eng/Altair__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Altair
trans_list: Altair
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Aquila; Alpha (α) Aquilae. It is the twelfth brightest star in the sky, and forms one corner of the Summer Triangle.


lexentry: eng/Alzheimer's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alzheimer's disease
trans_list: Alzheimer | morbo di Alzheimer
sense:
(neurology, disease) A disorder involving loss of mental functions resulting from brain tissue changes; senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.


lexentry: eng/Amalthea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amalthea
trans_list: Amaltea
sense:
(Greek mythology) The most frequently mentioned foster mother of Zeus, sometimes represented as the goat who suckled the infant-god in a mountain cave, sometimes as a goat-tending nymph.


lexentry: eng/Amarone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amarone
trans_list: amarone
sense:
An Italian full-bodied ruby to garnet red wine, characterized by a pungent, almost bitter taste. It is made in the Valpolicella region from dried-after-picking grapes of the Corvina, Rondinella and Molinara varieties.


lexentry: eng/Amaterasu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amaterasu
trans_list: Amaterasu
sense:
(Japanese god, Shinto) The Japanese sun goddess, and most important Shinto deity; she is the daughter of Izanagi and Izanami and the sister of Susanoo, Tsukuyomi, Ōyamatsumi, and Kagutsuchi.


lexentry: eng/Amazon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Amazon
trans_list: Rio delle Amazzoni | Amazzoni
sense:
(sometimes, attributive) A region including much of this river; specifically, the region of the Amazon Rainforest, or of the Amazon River Basin.


lexentry: eng/American_Civil_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American Civil War
trans_list: guerra di secessione americana | guerra civile americana
sense:
A war fought in the United States between 1861 and 1865, between the Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederacy).


lexentry: eng/American_Dream__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: American Dream
trans_list: sogno americano
sense:
(idiomatic) A philosophy that with perseverance, courage and determination, anyone can prosper and achieve success.


lexentry: eng/American_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American English
trans_list: inglese americano
sense:
The form of the English language that is chiefly used in the United States, contrasted with British English or Canadian English and that of other places.


lexentry: eng/American_Samoa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American Samoa
trans_list: Samoa americane | Samoa Americane
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Territory of American Samoa. It is distinct from Samoa (formerly: Western Samoa).


lexentry: eng/American__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: American
trans_list: americano
sense:
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian and Native American, of, from, or pertaining to the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas.


lexentry: eng/American__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: American
trans_list: americano | americana
sense:
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian or Native American, an indigenous inhabitant of the Americas. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/American_bittern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American bittern
trans_list: tarabuso americano
sense:
A medium-sized bittern most commonly found in North America, Botaurus lentiginosus, known for its resounding calls.


lexentry: eng/American_cocker_spaniel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American cocker spaniel
trans_list: Cocker americano
sense:
A sporting dog of a breed ranging between 18 and 30 lbs., originally bred in Britain as the English cocker spaniel for the sport of cocking, or bird hunting. Breed divided by colors: black, sable, parti, tri, and ASCOB.


lexentry: eng/American_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American football
trans_list: football americano
sense:
A game similar to rugby football played on a field of 100 yards long and 53 1/3 yards wide (with two 10 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 11 players attempt to get an ovoid ball into each other's territory.


lexentry: eng/American_lion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: American lion
trans_list: coguaro
sense:
An extinct lion of subspecies †Panthera leo atrox or species †Panthera atrox, endemic to North America and northwestern South America during the Pleistocene epoch.


lexentry: eng/American_planetree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American planetree
trans_list: platano occidentale
sense:
A species of large tree native to eastern North America and planted elsewhere, Platanus occidentalis


lexentry: eng/American_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American studies
trans_list: americanistica
sense:
(humanities) an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of the Americas, with a historical emphasis upon the United States, It traditionally incorporating the study of history, literature, and critical theory, but also includes fields as diverse as law, art, the media, film, religious studies, urban studies, women's studies, gender studies, anthropology, sociology, foreign policy and culture of the United States, among others


lexentry: eng/Americanize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Americanize
trans_list: americanizzare
sense:
(US, Canada) To render American; to adapt to the custom, culture, or style of the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/Americas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Americas
trans_list: Americhe | America
sense:
North America and South America taken together; that is, North America, Central America, and South America taken together.


lexentry: eng/Amu_Darya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amu Darya
trans_list: Amu Darya
sense:
A major river in Central Asia flowing across the border of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan parallel to Syr Darya and into the Aral Sea. Known in classical times as Oxus.


lexentry: eng/Amun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amun
trans_list: Amon | Ammone
sense:
(Egyptian god) An Egyptian wind deity associated with the town of Thebes; later (post-16th century BCE) the creator deity, often depicted with curling ram horns.


lexentry: eng/Amur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amur
trans_list: Amur
sense:
The world's ninth-longest river, forming part of the border between the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin.


lexentry: eng/Anabaptist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anabaptist
trans_list: anabattista
sense:
A member of a radical wing of Christians during the Protestant Reformation, with a tenet of adult baptism.


lexentry: eng/Anatolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anatolia
trans_list: Anatolia
sense:
A peninsula in Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. Bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highland to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west.


lexentry: eng/Anaxagoras__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anaxagoras
trans_list: Anassagora
sense:
An ancient Greek philosopher (c. 500 BCE – 428 BCE) from Clazomenae, who is famous for introducing the cosmological concept of nous (mind), as an ordering force.


lexentry: eng/Anaximander__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anaximander
trans_list: Anassimandro
sense:
(c. 610 BCE–c. 546 BCE) A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus; pupil of Thales and teacher of Anaximenes.


lexentry: eng/Anaximenes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anaximenes
trans_list: Anassimene
sense:
(c. 585 BCE–c. 525 BCE) An ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus; the pupil of Anaximander. He taught that the basic element of which the world is composed is the air.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Greece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ancient Greece
trans_list: Antica Grecia
sense:
The civilization that flourished around the Mediterranean Sea from the 3rd millennium to the 1st century BCE (including the first two European civilizations, Minoan and Mycenaean), known as the cradle of Western civilization.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancient Greek
trans_list: greco antico
sense:
Any of the various forms of the Greek language of classical antiquity, particularly the classical Attic dialect used in Athenian literature.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Rome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancient Rome
trans_list: Roma antica | antica Roma
sense:
The civilization associated with Rome from the 9th century BCE to the 5th century C.E. and the Roman Empire centered on it.


lexentry: eng/Andalusia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Andalusia
trans_list: Andalusia
sense:
The most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain, whose capital is Seville.


lexentry: eng/Andaman_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andaman Sea
trans_list: mare delle Andamane
sense:
Part of the Indian Ocean, to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Burma (Myanmar), west of Thailand, north-west of the Malay Peninsula, north of Sumatra, and east of the Andaman Islands.


lexentry: eng/Andorra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andorra
trans_list: Andorra
sense:
A microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France. Official name: Principality of Andorra. Capital and largest city: Andorra la Vella.


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromeda
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of Eritrea, rescued from her sacrifice to the sea monster Cetus by Perseus, who married her; mother of Perses, ancient king of Persia.


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromeda
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky representing the "chained woman" Andromeda in Greek mythology, which is surrounded by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Perseus, and Pegasus, among others.


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromeda
sense:
(galaxy) The nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, located within the Andromeda constellation (see Andromeda Galaxy); M31.


lexentry: eng/Andøya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andøya
trans_list: Andøya
sense:
An island in Andøy, Vesterålen district, Nordland, Norway, the largest island of the Vesterålen archipelago


lexentry: eng/Angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Angle
trans_list: Anglo
sense:
(historical) A member of a Germanic tribe first mentioned by Tacitus, one of several which invaded Britain and merged to become the Anglo-Saxons; an Anglian.


lexentry: eng/Anglican_Communion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglican Communion
trans_list: Comunione anglicana
sense:
A worldwide network of Churches that are are in communion with the Church of England as represented by the Archbishop of Canterbury.


lexentry: eng/Anglican__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglican
trans_list: anglicano
sense:
Relating to the Church of England, or one of several related churches, such as those in the Anglican Communion.


lexentry: eng/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
trans_list: Sudan Anglo-Egiziano
sense:
Sudan, during the time when it was ruled jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, from 1899 until Sudan became independent in 1956.


lexentry: eng/Anglo-Norman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglo-Norman
trans_list: anglo-normanno
sense:
The Old French dialect spoken in England by the ruling classes after the Norman Conquest, or the form of this dialect used in English law until the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/Anglocentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglocentrism
trans_list: anglocentrismo
sense:
The practice of viewing the world from an English or Anglo-American perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of English or Anglo-American culture.


lexentry: eng/Anglosphere__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglosphere
trans_list: anglofonia
sense:
The totality of Anglophone countries, the geographical or cultural realm of native English-speakers.


lexentry: eng/Annas__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Annas
trans_list: Anania | Anna
sense:
(biblical) A Jewish high priest known for having four sons and a son-in-law (Caiaphas) succeed him in his lifetime; and for cooperating with Caiaphas to have Jesus Christ crucified.


lexentry: eng/Annunciation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Annunciation
trans_list: annunciazione
sense:
(Christianity) The announcement by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would give birth to a son, namely Jesus. Celebrated on 25th March.


lexentry: eng/Anointing_of_the_Sick__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anointing of the Sick
trans_list: unzione degli infermi
sense:
A Catholic sacrament in which a priest anoints a sick or dying person with oil and prays for his salvation.


lexentry: eng/Anschluss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anschluss
trans_list: annessione
sense:
(historical) Political annexation, specifically that of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938. [from 1920s]


lexentry: eng/Antarctic_Circle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antarctic Circle
trans_list: circolo polare antartico
sense:
(geography) The line which marks approximately the northernmost place in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.


lexentry: eng/Antares__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antares
trans_list: Antares
sense:
(star) Alpha Scorpii (α Sco), the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius. It is a M type red giant, and is a binary with a B type companion visible in greenish.


lexentry: eng/Antes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antes
trans_list: davanti
sense:
(historical) A medieval European tribal union who lived north of the lower Danube and the Black Sea (on the territory of modern Moldova and Ukraine) in the 6th and 7th century AD.


lexentry: eng/Anthropocene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anthropocene
trans_list: Antropocene
sense:
(geology, formal, strictly) A proposed but rejected geological epoch, in which the effect of human activities on the global environment has disrupted the natural variability of the Holocene, ending the Holocene. (It was rejected as formal scientific nomenclature in 2024 owing to not meeting a bar for how a geological epoch is formally defined.) [from 1960s]


lexentry: eng/Antichrist__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antichrist
trans_list: Anticristo
sense:
(Christianity, Islam) A false messiah who, under direct control of the Devil, will usher in the abomination in the end times; a false prophet.


lexentry: eng/Antilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antilles
trans_list: Antille
sense:
The islands of the West Indies, bounded to the north by (and including) the islands of Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, in the Caribbean Sea.


lexentry: eng/Antisthenes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antisthenes
trans_list: Antistene
sense:
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Antisthenes of Athens (445–365 B.C.), a Greek philosopher, founder of the school of Cynicism and a pupil of Socrates


lexentry: eng/Antlia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antlia
trans_list: Macchina Pneumatica
sense:
(constellation) A faint winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pump. The common English name is "Air pump".


lexentry: eng/Anubis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anubis
trans_list: Anubi
sense:
(Egyptian god) In the mythology of ancient Egypt, the god of the dead and tombs, commonly depicted with the head of a jackal.


lexentry: eng/Anzac_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anzac Day
trans_list: giorno
sense:
April 25, a public holiday in Australia and New Zealand that originally commemorated the sacrifices made by members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli against the Ottoman Empire during World War I, and now honours people from those countries who have served in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations.


lexentry: eng/Apache__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apache
trans_list: apache
sense:
The group of languages used by any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e. Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.


lexentry: eng/Apennines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apennines
trans_list: Appennini
sense:
A mountain range in Italy, stretching 1,200 km from the north to the south of the country, along its east coast, traversing the entire Apennine Peninsula, and often called the "spine of Italy".


lexentry: eng/Aphrodite__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aphrodite
trans_list: Afrodite
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of beauty and love, born when Cronus castrated his father, Uranus, and threw his genitalia into the sea. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.


lexentry: eng/Aphroditus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aphroditus
trans_list: Afrodito
sense:
(Greek god) A male Aphrodite, from Cyprus, represented as a herm with a phallus, who in later mythology became known as Hermaphroditus, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite.


lexentry: eng/Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apocalypse
trans_list: apocalisse | Apocalisse
sense:
(countable, biblical) The written account of a revelation of hidden things given by God to a chosen prophet.


lexentry: eng/Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Apocalypse
trans_list: Apocalisse
sense:
(Christianity) Revelation (last book of the Bible, composed of twenty-two chapters, which narrates the end of times)


lexentry: eng/Apollinarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apollinarism
trans_list: apollinarismo
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The Christological theology that Jesus's mind was only divine and not human, condemned as a heresy at the First Council of Constantinople.


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollo
sense:
(astronomy) An asteroid possessing an orbit that crosses the orbit of the Earth and an orbital period of over one year, with semimajor axes greater than 1 AU, and perihelion distances less than 1.017 AU.


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollo
sense:
(Greek god, Roman god) The son of Zeus and Leto (or Jupiter and Latona), and the twin brother of Artemis (or Diana). He was the god of light, music, medicine, and poetry; and prophecy, dance, manly beauty, and more.


lexentry: eng/Apostle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apostle
trans_list: apostolo
sense:
(Christianity) Any of the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach and spread the Gospel.


lexentry: eng/Appalachians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Appalachians
trans_list: Monti Appalachi
sense:
A range of mountains in eastern North America, running northeast from Alabama in the United States to Newfoundland in Canada, variously including or excluding the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York.


lexentry: eng/Appenzell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Appenzell
trans_list: Appenzell
sense:
A historic canton in the northeast of Switzerland that split up into the two modern half-cantons in 1597.


lexentry: eng/Appian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Appian
trans_list: Appiano
sense:
A Roman en given name, notably borne by Appian of Alexandria (c. 95 – c. 165), a Roman historian of Greek descent


lexentry: eng/Appius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Appius
trans_list: Appio
sense:
A Roman en given name, notably borne by Appius Claudius Caecus, a Roman politician of the 4th and 3rd century BC, builder of the Appian Way


lexentry: eng/April__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: April
trans_list: aprile
sense:
The fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, following March and preceding May. Abbreviation: Apr or Apr.


lexentry: eng/Aquarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aquarius
trans_list: Acquario | Aquario
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the water carrier, ruled by Uranus covering January 20 – February 18 (tropical astrology) or February 15 – March 14 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Aquila__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aquila
trans_list: Aquila
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an eagle. It includes the star Altair.


lexentry: eng/Arab_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arab World
trans_list: mondo arabo
sense:
(as a minimum) Those Arabic-speaking independent states where Arabic is the main official and spoken language.


lexentry: eng/Arabia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabia
trans_list: Arabia
sense:
A peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates.


lexentry: eng/Arabian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabian Peninsula
trans_list: penisola araba
sense:
A peninsula in the Middle East, bordered by Jordan, the Syrian desert and Iraq to the north, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Gulf of Oman to the east, the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean) to the south (southeast), the Gulf of Aden to the south, the Red Sea to the west (southwest) extending north into the Gulf of Aqaba, and north along the Red Sea Rift to the Mediterranean Sea on the west (northwest). It consists mainly of Saudi Arabia, and may be geologically defined as the Arabian plate, also as the Arabian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Arabian_jasmine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabian jasmine
trans_list: gelsomino d'Arabia
sense:
A shrubby vine with flowers whose fragrance is used for perfume and flavoring (Jasminum sambac), the jasmine used to make jasmine tea.


lexentry: eng/Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arabic
trans_list: arabo
sense:
The Aramaic-derived alphabet used to write the Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, and Uyghur languages, among others.


lexentry: eng/Arabist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabist
trans_list: arabista
sense:
(anthropology, linguistics) A scholar who studies Arab or Arabic culture, politics, or language. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arachne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arachne
trans_list: Aragne
sense:
(Greek mythology) A woman famous for her skill at weaving. She was changed into a spider by the goddess Athena.


lexentry: eng/Aragonese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aragonese
trans_list: aragonese
sense:
The language of Aragon, nowadays only spoken as a mother tongue by a few thousand people in some valleys of the Pyrenees.


lexentry: eng/Aral_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aral Sea
trans_list: Aral | lago d'Aral
sense:
A saline lake, straddling the Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan border, that was once large, but shrank to a quarter of its original size after the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, which previously flowed into it, were diverted for irrigation purposes during the Soviet era.


lexentry: eng/Aramaean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aramaean
trans_list: arameo | aramaico
sense:
Any member of a West Semitic semi-nomadic and pastoralist people who lived in the Levant and later also in upper Mesopotamia (Biblical Aram) during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke Aramaic.


lexentry: eng/Arc_de_Triomphe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arc de Triomphe
trans_list: Arco di Trionfo
sense:
A war monument in Paris, France, designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, started in 1808 and inaugurated in 1836.


lexentry: eng/Archaean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Archaean
trans_list: archeano
sense:
(geology) Of, or relating to the geologic eon from about 3,800 to 2,500 million years ago; comprises the Eoarchean, Paleoarchean, Mesoarchean and Neoarchean eras; marked by an atmosphere with little oxygen, the formation of the first continents and oceans and the emergence of simple life.


lexentry: eng/Archaeolithic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Archaeolithic
trans_list: archeolitico
sense:
(archaeology) Of, from, or relating to the earliest Stone Age; applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic.


lexentry: eng/Archimedean_solid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Archimedean solid
trans_list: solido archimedeo
sense:
(geometry) Any of a class of convex semiregular polyhedra, composed of two or more types of regular polygon meeting in identical vertices.


lexentry: eng/Arctic_Circle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arctic Circle
trans_list: Circolo Polare Artico
sense:
The parallel of latitude that runs 66° 33′ 39″ north of the Equator, which marks approximately the southernmost place in the Northern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.


lexentry: eng/Arctic_Ocean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arctic Ocean
trans_list: Oceano Artico | Mare Glaciale Artico
sense:
The smallest of the five oceans of the Earth, on and around the North Pole, bordered by the three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.


lexentry: eng/Arctic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arctic
trans_list: artico
sense:
(geography) Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arctic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arctic
trans_list: Artide | Artico
sense:
(geography) The region of the Earth above the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arctic_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arctic warbler
trans_list: lui boreale
sense:
Phylloscopus borealis, a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and northern Asia


lexentry: eng/Arcturus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arcturus
trans_list: Arturo
sense:
(star) A bright yellow-orange star in the constellation Boötes; Alpha (α) Boötis. It is the fourth-brightest star in the night sky.


lexentry: eng/Area_51__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Area 51
trans_list: Area 51
sense:
(scifi, or, ufology, informal) A secret military facility, airport, and airbase in Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada, United States. It is the subject of conspiracy theories claiming it is where the US government hides extra-planetary alien visitors.


lexentry: eng/Areopagitic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Areopagitic
trans_list: areopagitico
sense:
(Ancient Rome) Of or pertaining to the Areopagitic Oration of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (named after but only loosely connected to the Areopagus).


lexentry: eng/Areopagitic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Areopagitic
trans_list: areopagitico
sense:
(theology, early, _, Christianity, historical) Of or pertaining to the Corpus Areopagiticum of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite.


lexentry: eng/Ares__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ares
trans_list: Ares
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek god of war, considered equivalent to the Roman Mars and usually described as a son of Zeus and Hera, companion of Eris and Enyo, and by Aphrodite father of Deimos and Phobos.


lexentry: eng/Argo_Navis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argo Navis
trans_list: Argo Navis | Navis
sense:
(constellation) : A former constellation of the southern sky, said to represent the mythical ship Argo. In 1763, it was divided into the three new constellations: Carina (keel), Puppis (stern), and Vela (sail).


lexentry: eng/Argolid__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argolid
trans_list: Argolide
sense:
A regional unit in eastern Peloponnese, Greece, which has its modern capital at Nafplio. Its original capital was at Argos.


lexentry: eng/Argonaut__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argonaut
trans_list: argonauta
sense:
(Greek mythology) One of the members of the Argo who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece.


lexentry: eng/Argyll_Robertson_pupil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argyll Robertson pupil
trans_list: segno di Argyll Robertson
sense:
(ophthalmology, pathology) A bilateral small pupil of the eye that reduces in size when the patient focuses on a near object but does not constrict when exposed to bright light. It is a sign of neurosyphilis.


lexentry: eng/Arian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arian
trans_list: ariano
sense:
(Christianity) A believer of Arianism, particularly (historical) the official Arian churches lasting to the 7th century.


lexentry: eng/Arianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arianism
trans_list: arianesimo
sense:
(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, condemned as heretical by the Council of Nicaea, which holds that Jesus was created by God, rather than being God himself.


lexentry: eng/Aries__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aries
trans_list: Ariete
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the ram, ruled by Mars and covering March 20 – April 20 (tropical astrology) or April 15 – May 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Aristophanes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aristophanes
trans_list: Aristofane
sense:
An Ancient Greek male name, most famously borne by a playwright who lived from circa 446 BC to circa 386 BC.


lexentry: eng/Aristotelian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aristotelian
trans_list: aristotelico
sense:
A disciple of Aristotle (for ancient Greek disciples, see peripatetic; for medieval Christian ones, see scholastic).


lexentry: eng/Aristotle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aristotle
trans_list: Aristotele
sense:
An ancient Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist (382–322 BCE), student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.


lexentry: eng/Arius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arius
trans_list: Ario
sense:
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Arius, circa 250–336, a priest in Alexandria, the founder of Arianism


lexentry: eng/Arizona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arizona
trans_list: Arizona
sense:
(historical) A territory of the southwest Confederate (1862–1865) and United States of America (1863–1912), with its capitals at Tucson, Prescott, and Phoenix.


lexentry: eng/Ark_of_the_Covenant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ark of the Covenant
trans_list: Arca dell'Alleanza
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) The sacred container, a gold-plated wooden chest, of the two tablets of law (the Ten Commandments) given to Moses by the Hebrew God.


lexentry: eng/Armageddon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armageddon
trans_list: Armaghedòn | Armageddon
sense:
(Christianity, Islam) Mount Megiddo, the site of a prophesied final battle between the forces of good and evil.


lexentry: eng/Armenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenia
trans_list: Armenia
sense:
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the Armenian Highland southeast of Black Sea and southwest of Caspian Sea; area now divided between Turkey, Republic of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian SSR
trans_list: RSS Armena
sense:
One of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics that made up the former Soviet Union (1920-1991, name changed in 1990). Became independent as the Republic of Armenia in 1991, after the collapse of the USSR.


lexentry: eng/Armenian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian
trans_list: armeno | armena
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, the Armenian people, the Armenian language, or the Armenian alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Armenian
trans_list: armeno
sense:
(uncountable) A branch of Indo-European languages, which includes the various stages of the Armenian language.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_genocide__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian genocide
trans_list: genocidio armeno
sense:
(historical) The systematic mass murder of around one million ethnic Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during World War I (1915–1917).


lexentry: eng/Arminianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arminianism
trans_list: arminianesimo
sense:
(Christianity) A school of thought within Protestantism based on the theological ideas of Jacobus Arminius.


lexentry: eng/Arminius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arminius
trans_list: Arminio
sense:
(history) A chieftain of the Cherusci (an ancient Germanic tribe) who defeated the Romans in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.


lexentry: eng/Aromanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aromanian
trans_list: arumeno | aromuno
sense:
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken mainly in Greece, but also in Albania, North Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and relatively intelligible with Romanian and Megleno-Romanian.


lexentry: eng/Arras__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arras
trans_list: Arazzo
sense:
A city, the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department, Hauts-de-France, France, the historic centre of the Artois region


lexentry: eng/Art_Deco__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Art Deco
trans_list: Liberty
sense:
A style of decorative art and architecture originating in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by bold geometric forms and simple composition.


lexentry: eng/Art_Nouveau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Art Nouveau
trans_list: Art Nouveau
sense:
A decorative style of art and architecture that especially used the sinuous and flowing lines of plants.


lexentry: eng/Arte_Povera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arte Povera
trans_list: arte povera
sense:
(art) A radical Italian modern art movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s, making use of worthless or common materials such as earth or newspaper, in the hope of subverting the commercialization of art.


lexentry: eng/Artemis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Artemis
trans_list: Artemide
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the hunt, wild animals, and wilderness; the daughter of Leto and Zeus; the sister of Apollo. (Compare Diana.)


lexentry: eng/Aryan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aryan
trans_list: ariano | ario
sense:
(theosophy, Germanic, _, mysticism, Nazism) A member of a race defined variously as comprising people of Germanic descent, in the narrowest sense, or all non-Jewish Caucasians, in the broadest sense


lexentry: eng/Aryanization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aryanization
trans_list: arianizzazione
sense:
(historical, antiquity) The process or result of rendering Aryan; the subjection of a people or region to the cultural and linguistic influence of the ancient Aryan peoples.


lexentry: eng/Ascanius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ascanius
trans_list: Ascanio
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A legendary king of Alba Longa, and the son of the Trojan hero Aeneas.


lexentry: eng/Asclepius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asclepius
trans_list: Asclepio
sense:
(Greek god) A Greek mythological deity, the god of doctors, medicine and healing; a son of Apollo and the Thessalian princess Coronis, husband to the goddess Epione and father of the Asclepiades; identified with the Roman god Aesculapius.


lexentry: eng/Ash_Wednesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ash Wednesday
trans_list: Mercoledì delle Ceneri | Ceneri
sense:
(Christianity) The Wednesday 46 days before Easter in a given year, (Catholicism) traditionally observed as the beginning of Lent and a day of strict abstention from certain foods and pleasures.


lexentry: eng/Ashkenazi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ashkenazi
trans_list: ashkenazita | askenazita
sense:
Of or relating to Jews of Central European, particularly of German and Polish origin, and their traditions, customs, and rituals.


lexentry: eng/Ashura__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ashura
trans_list: Ashura
sense:
(Islam) A holy day falling on the 10th day of Muharram, commemorating the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali in 680 AD.


lexentry: eng/Asia_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asia Minor
trans_list: Asia Minore
sense:
A large peninsula, mostly coterminous with Anatolia, between the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea; it makes up the Asian part of Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asia
trans_list: Asia
sense:
A continent located east of Europe (typically delimited by the Urals), west of the Pacific Ocean, north of Oceania and south of the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Asian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asian
trans_list: asiatico | asiatica
sense:
(US, Canada, Australia, NZ, also International English on the Internet) A person from or with ancestry in East or Southeast Asia, occasionally South Asia.


lexentry: eng/Asianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asianism
trans_list: asianesimo
sense:
(historical, uncountable) An Ancient Greek rhetorical tendency that arose in the third century BC, favouring emotion, bombast and wordplay over austere formality, and distinguished by the use of a prose rhythm.


lexentry: eng/Asiarch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asiarch
trans_list: asiarca
sense:
(historical) One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites.


lexentry: eng/Asiatic_Vespers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asiatic Vespers
trans_list: Vespri asiatici
sense:
(historical) An incident in 88 BCE, in which a coordinated massacre of Roman citizens in various towns in Anatolia was undertaken at the behest of King Mithridates VI of Pontus, which served as casus belli for Rome to instigate the First Mithridatic War.


lexentry: eng/Asimovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asimovian
trans_list: asimoviana
sense:
(literature) Of or pertaining to Isaac Asimov (1920–1992) or his writings, especially science fiction.


lexentry: eng/Asperger's_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asperger's syndrome
trans_list: sindrome di Asperger
sense:
(dated, uncountable, neurology) An autism-related developmental disorder characterised by sustained impairment in social interaction and nonverbal communication and by repetitive behaviour as well as restricted interests and routines.


lexentry: eng/Assyria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assyria
trans_list: Assiria
sense:
A Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant from the mid-23rd century BC to 608 BC and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq), which came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: assiro
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: assiro
sense:
(historical) Of, or characteristic of, or pertaining to the ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.


lexentry: eng/Asterix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asterix
trans_list: Asterix
sense:
A series of French comic books written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo about an Ancient Gaul named Asterix.


lexentry: eng/Astraeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Astraeus
trans_list: Astreo
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek god of the dusk. Husband of Eos (goddess of the dawn), and father of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets").


lexentry: eng/Asturias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asturias
trans_list: Asturie
sense:
An autonomous community and province of Spain, on the Spanish north coast facing the Cantabrian Sea. The capital city is Oviedo.


lexentry: eng/Atalanta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atalanta
trans_list: Atalanta
sense:
(Greek mythology) A huntress and heroine in Greek mythology, renowned for her great speed and strength; depending on the version of the myth, either the daughter of Iasus (a prince of Arcadia) by Clymene or of King Schoeneus of Boeotia.


lexentry: eng/Athamas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Athamas
trans_list: Atamante
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Boeotian king, father of Phrixus and Helle by his first wife Nephele, whom he deserted for Ino.


lexentry: eng/Athena__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Athena
trans_list: Atena
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, the arts, and especially crafts, in particular, weaving; daughter of Zeus and Metis. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.


lexentry: eng/Atlantic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Atlantic
trans_list: atlantico
sense:
Pertaining to locations adjacent to or in the vicinity of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the British Isles in Northwestern Europe, or the eastern seaboard of the USA.


lexentry: eng/Atlantic_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atlantic herring
trans_list: aringa
sense:
Clupea harengus, an abundant species of herring and an important food fish living in the North Atlantic.


lexentry: eng/Atlantic_pomfret__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atlantic pomfret
trans_list: pesce castagna
sense:
Brama brama, the largest species of the pomfret family Bramidae, found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.


lexentry: eng/Atlas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atlas
trans_list: Atlante
sense:
(Greek god) The son of Iapetus and Clymene, war leader of the Titans ordered by the god Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders; father to the Hesperides, the Hyades, and the Pleiades; king of the legendary Atlantis.


lexentry: eng/Atomic_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atomic Age
trans_list: era atomica
sense:
The era, starting in the mid-1940s, during which nuclear energy was developed, and in which it was thought that all energy would be provided by such sources.


lexentry: eng/Atropatene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atropatene
trans_list: Atropatene
sense:
(historical) An ancient kingdom established in the 4th century BC in modern-day Iranian Azerbaijan by the satrap Atropates.


lexentry: eng/Atticize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Atticize
trans_list: atticizzare
sense:
(intransitive) To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians.


lexentry: eng/Attila_the_Hun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Attila the Hun
trans_list: Attila
sense:
(historical) Attila, kingly ruler of the tribe of the Huns and vast Eurasian Hunnic Empire and feared enemy of the Roman Empire, from 434 until his death in 453.


lexentry: eng/Audouin's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Audouin's gull
trans_list: gabbiano corso
sense:
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.


lexentry: eng/August__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: August
trans_list: agosto
sense:
The eighth month of the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, following July and preceding September.


lexentry: eng/Augustus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Augustus
trans_list: Augusto
sense:
The Roman emperor Augustus, also called Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (63 B.C.E. – 14 C.E.); heir to Julius Caesar


lexentry: eng/Auriga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Auriga
trans_list: Auriga
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a charioteer. It includes the star Capella.


lexentry: eng/Austin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Austin
trans_list: Austin
sense:
The capital city of Texas, USA and the county seat of Travis County; named for American empresario Stephen F. Austin.


lexentry: eng/Australasian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australasian
trans_list: australasiano
sense:
Relating to Australia and its surrounding regions of New Guinea, Indonesia, and the south west Pacific Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Australia
trans_list: Australia
sense:
A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire. Official name: Commonwealth of Australia. Capital: Canberra.


lexentry: eng/Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Australia
trans_list: Australia
sense:
(geology) A continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands. New Guinea and the intervening islands are also on the Australian tectonic plate and are thus geologically considered part of the continent.


lexentry: eng/Australian_Capital_Territory__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian Capital Territory
trans_list: Territorio della Capitale Australiana
sense:
A federal territory which is an enclave in southern New South Wales, south-eastern Australia, in which the country's capital, Canberra, is located.


lexentry: eng/Australian_cattle_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian cattle dog
trans_list: australian cattle dog
sense:
A breed of herding dog bred in Australia for controlling cattle; varieties include the Queensland heeler, blue heeler and red heeler.


lexentry: eng/Australian_rules_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian rules football
trans_list: calcio australiano | football australiano
sense:
A variety of football devised in Australia, played on an oval field with an oval ball that players try to kick between the goalposts or between a central and outer post.


lexentry: eng/Austrian_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austrian German
trans_list: austriaco
sense:
A national standard variety of the German language that is spoken and written in Austria and Bolzano-Bozen (Italy).


lexentry: eng/Austrofascism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austrofascism
trans_list: austrofascismo
sense:
(historical) A fascist political movement in Austria between 1933 and 1938 until the country's annexation by Nazi Germany.


lexentry: eng/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
trans_list: Alvernia-Rodano-Alpi
sense:
An administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes. Seat: Lyon.


lexentry: eng/Auvergne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Auvergne
trans_list: Alvernia
sense:
A former administrative region and historical province of France, since 2016 part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.


lexentry: eng/Avar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avar
trans_list: arabo
sense:
A person belonging to this people of Caucasus, mainly of Daghestan, in which they are the predominant group.


lexentry: eng/Avar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avar
trans_list: arabo
sense:
A North Caucasian language spoken mainly in Avaria (Republic of Daghestan) as its official language, and in parts of Azerbaijan.


lexentry: eng/Avestan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avestan
trans_list: avestico
sense:
An ancient Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta.


lexentry: eng/Avogadro's_number__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avogadro's number
trans_list: costante di Avogadro | numero di Avogadro
sense:
(physical chemistry) The number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance, being precisely 6.02214076 × 1023. Formerly defined as the number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12.


lexentry: eng/Axial_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Axial Age
trans_list: periodo assiale
sense:
(history) The age from about the 8th to the 3rd century BCE, during which broad changes in religious and philosophical thought occurred in a variety of locations.


lexentry: eng/Axis_power__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Axis power
trans_list: Asse | Potenze dell'Asse
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) A country in the alliance (in effect before and during World War II) of Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, imperial Japan, and a few other countries, which opposed the Allies.


lexentry: eng/Ayurveda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ayurveda
trans_list: Ayurveda
sense:
Traditional Hindu alternative medicine, involving balancing three bodily humours of wind, bile, and phlegm.


lexentry: eng/Azerbaijan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Azerbaijan
trans_list: Azerbaigian | Azerbaijan
sense:
A country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe. Official name: Republic of Azerbaijan. Capital: Baku.


lexentry: eng/Azores__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Azores
trans_list: Azzorre
sense:
An archipelago of nine volcanic islands in the North Atlantic and an autonomous region of Portugal comprising this archipelago, officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores.


lexentry: eng/B-flat_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: B-flat major
trans_list: si bemolle maggiore
sense:
(music) The major key with B-flat as its tonic, with the notes B♭, C, D, E♭, F, G, and A, the key signature of which has two flats.


lexentry: eng/BCE__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BCE
trans_list: a.C. (avanti Cristo)
sense:
(chronology) Initialism of Before Common Era (Before the Common Era, before Common Era, before the Common Era), Before Current Era (Before the Current Era, before current era, before the current era), or before Christian Era.


lexentry: eng/BDSM__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BDSM
trans_list: BDSM
sense:
Sexual or non-sexual practices or activities involving bondage, discipline, sadism, masochism, or acts of domination and submission.


lexentry: eng/BL_Lac_object__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BL Lac object
trans_list: oggetti BL Lac
sense:
(astronomy) a type of active galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), named after its prototype, BL Lacertae


lexentry: eng/BRIC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BRIC
trans_list: BRIC
sense:
(politics, economics) Initialism of Brazil, Russia, India and China: a group of countries with similarly fast-growing economies.


lexentry: eng/B_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: B major
trans_list: si maggiore
sense:
(music) The major key with B as its tonic, with the notes B, C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, and A♯, the key signature of which has five sharps:


lexentry: eng/Baal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baal
trans_list: Baal
sense:
(mythology, biblical) A storm and fertility god of the Phoenician and Canaanite pantheons, reckoned as chief of the gods by the 1st millennium BC.


lexentry: eng/Baba_Yaga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baba Yaga
trans_list: Baba Jaga
sense:
(Slavic mythology) In Russian, Finno-Ugric, Polish and Bulgarian tales, a hag who lives in a hut standing on chicken legs and who flies through the air in a mortar, using the pestle as a rudder. She behaves ambivalently and may be either amiable or hostile.


lexentry: eng/Babel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babel
trans_list: Babele
sense:
(biblical) The city and tower in the land of Shinar where the confusion of languages took place, according to the Bible.


lexentry: eng/Babism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babism
trans_list: babismo
sense:
The doctrine of a pantheistical religious sect, founded in Persia in 1844 by Mirza Ali Mohammed ibn Rabhik (1820-1850), who assumed the title of Bab-ed-Din ("Gate of the Faith"). It combines Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Parsi elements, and forbids concubinage, polygamy, mendicancy, slave-dealing, and the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs. Precursor to the Baháʼí Faith.


lexentry: eng/Babylon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babylon
trans_list: Babilonia
sense:
(historical) An ancient city in Mesopotamia, built on the banks of the Euphrates, which was the capital of Babylonia.


lexentry: eng/Babylonian_Talmud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babylonian Talmud
trans_list: Talmud babilonese
sense:
The Talmud composed and compiled primarily from the teachings, discussions and disagreements of the Amoraim of the Babylonian exile.


lexentry: eng/Baconian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baconian
trans_list: baconiano
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to Francis Bacon (1561-1626), English statesman and polymath, or his writings.


lexentry: eng/Bactria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bactria
trans_list: Battria
sense:
The ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya in the Middle East, encompassing parts of northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and northern Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Bahrain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bahrain
trans_list: Bahrain | Bahrein
sense:
An archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf. Official name: Kingdom of Bahrain. Capital: Manama.


lexentry: eng/Baháʼí_Faith__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baháʼí Faith
trans_list: bahaismo
sense:
A religious movement founded by Baháʼu'lláh, which draws on the Kitáb-i-Aqdas and other Baháʼí texts.


lexentry: eng/Baja_California__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baja California
trans_list: Bassa California
sense:
A peninsula in Mexico A mountainous peninsula of western Mexico between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California; administered as the states of Baja California and Baja California Sur.


lexentry: eng/Balaton__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balaton
trans_list: lago Balaton
sense:
A freshwater lake in Hungary, the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations.


lexentry: eng/Balearic_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balearic Islands
trans_list: Isole Baleari | Baleari
sense:
A group of Mediterranean islands of the east coast of Spain, formed by Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza, and Formentera.


lexentry: eng/Balkan_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkan Peninsula
trans_list: penisola balcanica | Penisola balcanica
sense:
A large peninsula in southeastern Europe surrounded by water on three sides: the Adriatic Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea (including the Ionian and Aegean Seas) to the south and the Black Sea to the east. Its northern boundary is often given as the Danube, Sava and Kupa rivers.


lexentry: eng/Balkanization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkanization
trans_list: balcanizzazione
sense:
(historical, chiefly, political science) The fragmentation of a geopolitical region into several small states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other.


lexentry: eng/Balkans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkans
trans_list: Balcani
sense:
A geographical region in southeastern Europe, roughly equivalent to the area covered by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, sometimes including Romania, Slovenia, and European Turkey. [19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Balochi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balochi
trans_list: beluci
sense:
A Northwestern Iranian language spoken mainly in SW Pakistan (80% of speakers), SE Iran and S Afghanistan. SIL standard divides Balochi into three related languages, Eastern Balochi, Southern Balochi and Western Balochi.


lexentry: eng/Balochistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balochistan
trans_list: Belucistan
sense:
A region on the Iranian plateau in south-western Asia, northwest of the Arabian Sea, dominated by desert and mountains, composed of southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Iran and a strip of southwestern Afghanistan; inhabited by the Baloch people.


lexentry: eng/Bambara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bambara
trans_list: bambara
sense:
A West Sudanic language spoken mainly in Mali by as many as six million people, and by smaller numbers of people in Senegal Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Gambia.


lexentry: eng/Banach_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Banach space
trans_list: spazio di Banach
sense:
(functional analysis) A normed vector space which is complete with respect to the norm, meaning that Cauchy sequences have well-defined limits that are points in the space.


lexentry: eng/Banquo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Banquo
trans_list: Banco
sense:
A prominent character in William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, based on a semihistorical figure from the 11th century, who was previously thought to be the progenitor of the Scottish House of Stewart.


lexentry: eng/Baphomet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baphomet
trans_list: Baphomet
sense:
A deity which medieval Christians mistakenly imagined that the Knights Templar worshipped, and which figures into some modern occultist and Satanic religions.


lexentry: eng/Baptist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baptist
trans_list: battista
sense:
An adherent of a Protestant denomination (or various subdenominations) of Christianity, which believes in the baptism of believers (sometimes only adults), as opposed to the baptism of infants.


lexentry: eng/Barabbas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barabbas
trans_list: Barabba
sense:
(Christianity) In the accounts of the Passion of Christ, an insurrectionary whom Pontius Pilate freed at the Passover feast in Jerusalem, instead of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Barbary_lion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barbary lion
trans_list: leone berbero | leone dell'Atlante
sense:
(zoology) Any of the North African population, now extinct in the wild, of the lion subspecies Panthera leo leo.


lexentry: eng/Barbary_macaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barbary macaque
trans_list: bertuccia | scimmia di Barberia
sense:
Macaca sylvanus, an Old World monkey found in Gibraltar and the Atlas Mountains in Algeria and Morocco.


lexentry: eng/Baroque__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baroque
trans_list: barocco
sense:
(arts, music) A period in western architecture, art and music from ca. 1600 to ca. 1760 CE, known for its abundance of drama, rich color, and extensive ornamentation.


lexentry: eng/Baroque_guitar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baroque guitar
trans_list: chitarra barocca
sense:
An archaic form of guitar with five strings, originating in the Baroque era, played by either strumming or plucking, and characterized by the use of reentrant tuning.


lexentry: eng/Baruch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baruch
trans_list: Baruc
sense:
(biblical character) Any of a number of Old Testament men, including the scribe and companion of Jeremiah.


lexentry: eng/Baruch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Baruch
trans_list: Baruc
sense:
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/Bashkir__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bashkir
trans_list: baschiro | baškiro
sense:
Of or pertaining to a certain Turkic ethnic group that lives mostly in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan.


lexentry: eng/Basque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Basque
trans_list: basco | basca
sense:
A member of a cultural and ethnic people living in the western Pyrenees and the Bay of Biscay between France and Spain.


lexentry: eng/Basse-Terre__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Basse-Terre
trans_list: Basse-Terre
sense:
The capital city of the overseas department of the Guadeloupe, France, located in the Lesser Antilles.


lexentry: eng/Batman__Proper_noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Batman
trans_list: Batman
sense:
A fictional hero and the main protagonist of DC Comics, noted for his intellect and stealth, who uses a bat-themed costume and equipment (including a belt with an array of utilities) and is assisted by his sidekick Robin.


lexentry: eng/Battle_of_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Battle of Britain
trans_list: battaglia d'Inghilterra
sense:
(historical) A series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe during World War II for air superiority over southern England and the English Channel prior to any German invasion of the British Isles.


lexentry: eng/Baudelairean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baudelairean
trans_list: baudelairiano
sense:
Of or pertaining to Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821–1867), French poet, critic, and translator, or to his works.


lexentry: eng/Bavaria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Bavaria
trans_list: Baviera
sense:
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation, which includes the historical Bavaria and parts of Swabia and Franconia.


lexentry: eng/Bavarian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bavarian
trans_list: bavarese
sense:
A German dialect spoken in Bavaria (a state of southern West Germany) and Austria, which varies considerably across different regions.


lexentry: eng/Bay_of_Biscay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bay of Biscay
trans_list: golfo di Biscaglia | golfo di Guascogna
sense:
a gulf of the North Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain, named for the Spanish province of Biscay


lexentry: eng/Bačka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bačka
trans_list: Bačka
sense:
A historical region presently divided between Vojvodina (autonomous province of Serbia) and Hungary.


lexentry: eng/Beast__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beast
trans_list: animale
sense:
(biblical) A figure in the Book of Revelation (Apocalypse), often identified with Satan or the Antichrist.


lexentry: eng/Beaufort_scale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beaufort scale
trans_list: scala di Beaufort
sense:
(nautical) An empirical measure for the intensity of the wind based mainly on the state of the sea or wave conditions.


lexentry: eng/Bechuanaland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bechuanaland
trans_list: Protettorato del Bechuanaland
sense:
(historical) A former colony of the United Kingdom in Africa, which gained its independence in 1966 as Botswana.


lexentry: eng/Beckettian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beckettian
trans_list: beckettiano
sense:
Of or pertaining to the novelist and playwright Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) or his writings, noted for their bleak outlook and minimalism.


lexentry: eng/Beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beetle
trans_list: maggiolino
sense:
(UK, Australia, NZ) A small car, the Volkswagen Beetle (original version made 1938–2003, similar models made 1997–2010 and since 2011).


lexentry: eng/Beghard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beghard
trans_list: begardo
sense:
(historical) One of an association of religious laymen living in semimonastic communities in imitation of the Beguines, and influenced by Albigensian teachings and by the Brethren of the Free Spirit.


lexentry: eng/Behçet's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Behçet's disease
trans_list: sindrome di Behçet
sense:
(disease) A multi-system disorder involving ulcerations on the mouth and sometimes the genitals, notorious for causing hypopyon uveitis (actually a rare symptom).


lexentry: eng/Bel_Paese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bel Paese
trans_list: Bel Paese
sense:
A soft, mild, creamy Italian cheese shaped in small disks and produced from cow's milk, originally from Lombardy.


lexentry: eng/Belarusian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belarusian
trans_list: bielorusso | bielorussa
sense:
(uncountable) The Slavic language spoken in Belarus (formerly called White Ruthenia or White Russia).


lexentry: eng/Belgian_Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belgian Congo
trans_list: Congo Belga
sense:
(historical) A Belgian colony in Africa, the successor to King Leopold II of Belgium's Congo Free State and predecessor of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [from 1908 to 1960]


lexentry: eng/Belgicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belgicism
trans_list: belgicismo
sense:
(politics) The political ideology which supports the political and economic union of Belgium; Belgian nationalism.


lexentry: eng/Belgicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Belgicism
trans_list: belgicismo
sense:
(linguistics) A Dutch word or phrase of Belgian origin, typically never or rarely present in the Dutch spoken in the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Belgicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Belgicism
trans_list: belgicismo
sense:
(linguistics) A French word or phrase of Belgian origin, typically never or rarely present in the French spoken in France.


lexentry: eng/Belgium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belgium
trans_list: Belgio
sense:
A country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France. Official name: Kingdom of Belgium. Capital and largest city: Brussels.


lexentry: eng/Belisarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belisarius
trans_list: Belisario
sense:
(history) a general of the Byzantine Empire, who was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century previously


lexentry: eng/Bellatrix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bellatrix
trans_list: Bellatrix
sense:
(star) A blue eruptive variable star, the third brightest star in the constellation Orion; Gamma (γ) Orionis.


lexentry: eng/Benedict__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Benedict
trans_list: Benedetto | Benito
sense:
(countable) A en given name, particularly of the sixth-century founder of the Benedictine order, and of several popes.


lexentry: eng/Bengal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bengal
trans_list: Bengala
sense:
A region in the northeast of South Asia, today divided between Bangladesh and India (particularly the state of West Bengal).


lexentry: eng/Bengali__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bengali
trans_list: bengali | bengalese
sense:
(uncountable) A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.


lexentry: eng/Bennu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bennu
trans_list: Bennu | Benu
sense:
(Egyptian god, often with "the") A self-created deity with the form of a bird (in New Kingdom artwork, a heron) that features in the ancient Egyptian creation myth and is also described as the ba (soul) of Ra.


lexentry: eng/Bergamasco__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bergamasco
trans_list: Pastore Bergamasco
sense:
A medium-sized breed of herding dog originating in the Italian Alps, known for its heavily matted coat resembling dreadlocks.


lexentry: eng/Bering_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bering Sea
trans_list: mar di Bering
sense:
The sea between Siberia and Alaska, north of the Pacific Ocean, that is connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait.


lexentry: eng/Bering_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bering Strait
trans_list: stretto di Bering
sense:
A strait between Chukotka, Russia and Alaska, United States, linking the Arctic Ocean to the Bering Sea.


lexentry: eng/Berlin_Wall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Berlin Wall
trans_list: Muro di Berlino
sense:
(history) A wall that parted the city of Berlin until 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.


lexentry: eng/Berlin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: Berlin
trans_list: berlinese
sense:
An unincorporated community and census-designated place in Berlin Township, Holmes County, Ohio, United States.


lexentry: eng/Berlin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: Berlin
trans_list: berlinese
sense:
The former name of Genevra, an unincorporated community in Colusa County, California, United States.


lexentry: eng/Bermuda_Triangle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bermuda Triangle
trans_list: Triangolo delle Bermuda
sense:
An area in the Atlantic Ocean where many ships and planes have disappeared under allegedly mysterious circumstances.


lexentry: eng/Bermuda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bermuda
trans_list: Bermude | Bermuda
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 580 nautical miles (1074 kilometers) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.


lexentry: eng/Bermuda_grass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bermuda grass
trans_list: gramigna
sense:
A perennial grass, Cynodon dactylon, native to Africa and Asia, used in warm areas of the world for pasture, lawn and making hay.


lexentry: eng/Berninian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Berninian
trans_list: berniniano
sense:
Of or relating to Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), Italian artist and architect who worked principally in Rome, the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture


lexentry: eng/Beskids__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beskids
trans_list: Beschidi
sense:
A mountain range in Central Europe, running from Czech Republic to Ukraine along the Polish-Slovakia border, with its highest peak Hoverla at 2061 meters.


lexentry: eng/Bessarabia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bessarabia
trans_list: Bessarabia
sense:
(historical) A geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west. Now divided between Moldova and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Betelgeuse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Betelgeuse
trans_list: Betelgeuse
sense:
(star) A bright-red supergiant intrinsic variable star, the second brightest star in the constellation Orion; Alpha (α) Orionis. It is the tenth brightest star in the nighttime, and one of the largest stars known.


lexentry: eng/Betti_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Betti number
trans_list: numero di Betti
sense:
(topology, algebraic topology) Any of a sequence of numbers, denoted bn, which characterise a given topological space K by giving, for each dimension, the number of holes in K of said dimension; (formally) the rank of the nth homology group, Hn, of K.


lexentry: eng/Biafra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Biafra
trans_list: Biafra
sense:
(historical) A short-lived secessionist state that declared independence from Nigeria in the late 1960s.


lexentry: eng/Big_Bang__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Bang
trans_list: Big Bang
sense:
(cosmology) The cosmic event that marks the beginning of time and the rapid expansion of space for the visible universe. The evolution of the universe since that beginning point is described by the Big Bang Theory.


lexentry: eng/Big_Dipper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Dipper
trans_list: Gran Carro
sense:
(constellation, especially, US) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a ladle or cart, and a part of the constellation Ursa Major which includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid. [from 1845] The other stars comprising it are Alioth, Megrez, Merak, and Phecda.


lexentry: eng/Big_Mac__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Mac
trans_list: Big Mac
sense:
A hamburger from the fast food company McDonald's, served on a three-part bun with various condiments.


lexentry: eng/Bigfoot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bigfoot
trans_list: Bigfoot
sense:
(US, Canada, cryptozoology, folklore) A very large, hairy, humanoid creature, similar to the yeti, said to live in the wilderness areas of the United States and Canada, especially the Pacific Northwest.


lexentry: eng/Bilbao__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bilbao
trans_list: Bilbao
sense:
The largest city in the Basque Country, in northern Spain, and capital city of the province of Biscay, Spain.


lexentry: eng/Bislama__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bislama
trans_list: bislama
sense:
A creole language spoken on the South Pacific island-nation of Vanuatu, derived from Indo-European (mainly from English) and Oceanic languages.


lexentry: eng/Bithynia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bithynia
trans_list: Bitinia
sense:
(historical) A region, ancient kingdom, and historical province of the Roman Empire, in the northwest of Asia Minor in modern Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Black_Death__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Black Death
trans_list: peste nera
sense:
(disease, historical) A pandemic outbreak of bubonic plague throughout Europe and most of Asia in the 14th century that killed nearly half the population of Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/Black_Friday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Black Friday
trans_list: svendita
sense:
(by extension) The sales period involving heavy price reductions immediately following US Thanksgiving Day, from Friday (the original Black Friday) through Monday (Cyber Monday).


lexentry: eng/Black_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Black Sea
trans_list: Mar Nero
sense:
An inland sea bound by Southeastern Europe in the west, Eastern Europe in the north and northeast, and Turkey in the south.


lexentry: eng/Bludenz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bludenz
trans_list: Bludenz
sense:
A town in the state of Vorarlberg, Austria, located on the river Ill at the meeting point of five valleys: Walgau, Montafon, Brandnertal, Klostertal and Großes Walsertal, and is surrounded by the Bregenz Forest Mountains in the north, the Rätikon in the southwest and the Silvretta in the southeast; it is best known for its nearby ski areas and producing Milka chocolate; the town is the administrative centre of its eponymous district.


lexentry: eng/Blue_Banana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Blue Banana
trans_list: banana blu
sense:
A discontinuous corridor of urbanization in Western Europe, stretching from northwest England to Milan.


lexentry: eng/Bluebeard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bluebeard
trans_list: Barbablù
sense:
A famous fairy tale written by Charles Perrault in 1697 about a violent nobleman who has the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of his current wife to avoid the same fate.


lexentry: eng/Bob's_your_uncle__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bob's your uncle
trans_list: ecco fatto
sense:
(UK, Commonwealth, Hong Kong, idiomatic) "No problem", "the solution is simple", "there you have it", "It's that easy", "you have what you want", "all will be well": indicates a desirable conclusion has been reached with ease.


lexentry: eng/Boeotia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boeotia
trans_list: Beozia | Aonia
sense:
A district of Ancient Greece, formerly renowned for the French proverbially equating the residents with philistinism; now, a district in east Central Greece, situated on the peninsula, west of Euboea, north of Attica and Megaris, and east of Phocis. The present-day capital of the prefecture is Livadeia.


lexentry: eng/Bogdania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bogdania
trans_list: Moldavia
sense:
(historical) Moldavia, Great Wallachia, the territory between Transylvania and the Dniester north of Wallachia and south of Lithuania, conquered by the Ottomans in 1512


lexentry: eng/Bolivia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bolivia
trans_list: Bolivia
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Plurinational State of Bolivia. Capitals: La Paz and Sucre.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bolshevik
trans_list: bolscevico
sense:
(historical) A Russian communist revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party in the 1917 Communist Revolution of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bolshevik
trans_list: bolscevico
sense:
(historical) A member of the Communist Party that ruled the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bolshevism
trans_list: bolscevismo
sense:
The Communist political ideology adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Marxism-Leninism.


lexentry: eng/Bonaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bonaire
trans_list: Bonaire
sense:
An island in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela, a special municipality of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Bonaparte's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bonaparte's gull
trans_list: gabbiano di Bonaparte
sense:
Chroicocephalus philadelphia, a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America.


lexentry: eng/Bonn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bonn
trans_list: Bonn
sense:
A city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the River Rhine, which was the capital of the former West Germany.


lexentry: eng/Book_of_the_Dead__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Book of the Dead
trans_list: Libro dei morti
sense:
An ancient Egyptian funerary text of the New Kingdom consisting of spells to assist the journey of the dead into the afterlife, developed from the earlier Coffin Texts.


lexentry: eng/Boolean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Boolean
trans_list: booleano
sense:
(logic, computing) Pertaining to data items that can have “true” and “false” (or, equivalently, 1 and 0 respectively) as their only possible values and to operations on such values.


lexentry: eng/Boolean_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boolean algebra
trans_list: algebra di Boole | algebra booleana | reticolo booleano
sense:
(algebra) An algebraic structure (\Sigma, \vee, \wedge, \sim, 0, 1) where \vee and \wedge are idempotent binary operators, \sim is a unary involutory operator (called "complement"), and 0 and 1 are nullary operators (i.e., constants), such that (\Sigma, \vee, 0) is a commutative monoid, (\Sigma, \wedge, 1) is a commutative monoid, \wedge and \vee distribute with respect to each other, and such that combining two complementary elements through one binary operator yields the identity of the other binary operator. (See Boolean algebra (structure)#Axiomatics.)


lexentry: eng/Boolean_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Boolean algebra
trans_list: algebra di Boole | algebra booleana | reticolo booleano
sense:
(algebra, logic, computing) Specifically, an algebra in which all elements can take only one of two values (typically 0 and 1, or "true" and "false") and are subject to operations based on AND, OR and NOT


lexentry: eng/Bordeaux__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bordeaux
trans_list: Bordeaux | Bordella | Bordello
sense:
The capital city of the Gironde department, France; capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.


lexentry: eng/Boreas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boreas
trans_list: Borea
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the North Wind, Storms, Winter, Ice, Snow, Loneliness, Solitude, Absence, Lack, Sadness,Depression, Calmness, and Serenity .


lexentry: eng/Borromean_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Borromean Islands
trans_list: Isole Borromee
sense:
A group of three small islands and two islets in the Italian part of Lago Maggiore, chiefly consisting out of Isola Bella, Isola Madre and Isola dei Pescatori.


lexentry: eng/Bose-Einstein_condensate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bose-Einstein condensate
trans_list: condensato di Bose-Einstein
sense:
(physics) A gaseous superfluid phase of matter in which all the particles have the same quantum state.


lexentry: eng/Bose-Einstein_statistics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bose-Einstein statistics
trans_list: statistica di Bose-Einstein
sense:
(quantum mechanics) A particle statistics model that describes the behaviour of collections of particles (bosons) that do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle.


lexentry: eng/Bosnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bosnia
trans_list: Bosnia
sense:
The northern three-fourths of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a geographic and historical entity, not an administrative unit.


lexentry: eng/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bosnia and Herzegovina
trans_list: Bosnia-Erzegovina | Bosnia ed Erzegovina
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Capital and largest city: Sarajevo. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992.


lexentry: eng/Bosniak__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bosniak
trans_list: bosgnacco
sense:
A person typically characterized by their ties to the Bosnian historical region, traditional adherence to Islam, and common culture and language.


lexentry: eng/Bosnian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bosnian
trans_list: bosniaco | bosniaca
sense:
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


lexentry: eng/Bosphorus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bosphorus
trans_list: Bosforo
sense:
The narrow strait beside Istanbul, Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, the northern end of the Turkish Straits connecting the Black Sea with the Aegean and Mediterranean.


lexentry: eng/Botox__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Botox
trans_list: botox
sense:
A toxic compound (generic name botulinum toxin type A) produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, that causes the paralysis of muscles, used in cosmetic surgery to conceal wrinkles and for muscle spasm relief and headache prevention.


lexentry: eng/Bouches-du-Rhône__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bouches-du-Rhône
trans_list: Bocche del Rodano | Bouches-du-Rhône
sense:
One of the departments in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; located in the historical region and province of Provence. Capital: Marseille.


lexentry: eng/Bourgogne-Franche-Comté__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
trans_list: Borgogna-Franca Contea
sense:
An administrative region in eastern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté.


lexentry: eng/Bowden_cable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bowden cable
trans_list: cavo Bowden | guaina
sense:
A flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force by the movement of an inner cable (most commonly of steel) relative to a hollow outer housing.


lexentry: eng/Bowman's_capsule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bowman's capsule
trans_list: capsula di Bowman
sense:
(anatomy) A cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney.


lexentry: eng/Boötes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boötes
trans_list: Boote
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, called the “bear-guard” or the “herdsman”. It includes the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, Arcturus.


lexentry: eng/Brabant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brabant
trans_list: Brabante
sense:
(historical) Until 1995, a province of central Belgium; since divided into Flemish Brabant, Brussels-Capital Region and Walloon Brabant.


lexentry: eng/Brabant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Brabant
trans_list: Brabante
sense:
Duchy of Brabant; a historical region, roughly comprising the area of modern Flemish and Walloon Brabant, Brussels, the Belgian province of Antwerp, and the Dutch province of North Brabant.


lexentry: eng/Brahma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brahma
trans_list: Brahma
sense:
(Hinduism, Hindu god) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.


lexentry: eng/Brazil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brazil
trans_list: Brasile
sense:
A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America. Official name: Federative Republic of Brazil. Capital: Brasília.


lexentry: eng/Brazilian_Portuguese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brazilian Portuguese
trans_list: portoghese brasiliano
sense:
The Portuguese language as spoken and written in Brazil, particularly when it differs from other regional varieties of that language.


lexentry: eng/Bregenz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bregenz
trans_list: Bregenz
sense:
The capital of and third largest city in the state of Vorarlberg, Austria, located on the eastern shore of Lake Constance on a plateau at the foot of the Pfänder; it is best known for hosting numerous festivals throughout the summer months, most notably the Bregenzer Festspiele; the city is the administrative centre of its eponymous district.


lexentry: eng/Bregenz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bregenz
trans_list: Distretto di Bregenz
sense:
An administrative district in the state of Vorarlberg, Austria, comprising the Bregenz Forest region, the Leiblachtal, the Kleinwalsertal, the Hofsteig, the Alpine Rhine delta and the Austrian part of Lake Constance.


lexentry: eng/Brezhnev__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brezhnev
trans_list: Brežnev | Brezhnev
sense:
A transliteration of the Russian surname Бре́жнев (Bréžnev); usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Leonid Brezhnev.


lexentry: eng/Brezhnevian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brezhnevian
trans_list: brezneviano
sense:
Of or pertaining to Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982), General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964.


lexentry: eng/Briseis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Briseis
trans_list: Briseide
sense:
(Greek mythology) A legendary figure who features in the Iliad; a princess granted as concubine to Achilles after the sacking of her city, Lyrnessus, before the beginning of the story.


lexentry: eng/Bristol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bristol
trans_list: Bristol
sense:
A city, ceremonial county, and unitary authority in southwest England bordering Gloucestershire, Somerset and The River Severn.


lexentry: eng/British_English__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: British English
trans_list: inglese britannico
sense:
The English language as written and spoken in the United Kingdom (in contrast with other places, particularly other countries where English is predominant or at least an important language)


lexentry: eng/British_Isles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: British Isles
trans_list: isole britanniche | arcipelago britannico
sense:
An archipelago in Northern Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, Anglesey, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Hebrides, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, the Isles of Scilly, the Channel Islands and many smaller islands.


lexentry: eng/Britisher__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Britisher
trans_list: britannica | britannico
sense:
(India) The British colonial authorities; a European member of the British Raj, especially an officer from the colonial authorities.


lexentry: eng/Briton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Briton
trans_list: britannica
sense:
An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.


lexentry: eng/Britpop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Britpop
trans_list: britpop
sense:
A British alternative rock movement from the mid-1990s, characterised by influences from the 1960s and 1970s, catchy hooks, the glamour of earlier pop stardom, and the sense of creating a soundtrack to the lives of a new generation of British youth.


lexentry: eng/Brno__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brno
trans_list: Brno
sense:
The capital of the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic, and the second-largest city in the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Bronze_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bronze Age
trans_list: età del bronzo
sense:
(archaeology) A period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze.


lexentry: eng/Brooklyn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brooklyn
trans_list: Brooklyn
sense:
A borough of New York City, New York, United States. It is located on the western end of Long Island.


lexentry: eng/Brownian_motion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brownian motion
trans_list: moto browniano
sense:
(statistical mechanics) Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid, arising from those particles being struck by individual molecules of the fluid.


lexentry: eng/Brownshirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brownshirt
trans_list: camicia bruna
sense:
(historical) A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung.


lexentry: eng/Brumaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brumaire
trans_list: brumaio | brumale
sense:
(historical) The second month of the French Republican Calendar, from October 22, 23 or 24 to November 20, 21 or 22.


lexentry: eng/Brussels_sprout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brussels sprout
trans_list: cavolino di Bruxelles | cavoletto di Bruxelles
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) The green vegetable Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, a cabbage variety native to Belgium.


lexentry: eng/Brutalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brutalism
trans_list: brutalismo
sense:
(architecture) A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process.


lexentry: eng/Buddha's_hand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Buddha's hand
trans_list: mano di Buddha
sense:
Citrus medica var. sarcodactylus, a fragrant variant of citron whose fruit is segmented into finger-like sections.


lexentry: eng/Buddhahood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Buddhahood
trans_list: buddhità
sense:
(Buddhism) The state of being a buddha, or being spiritually enlightened by Buddhist or other teachings.


lexentry: eng/Bulgaria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bulgaria
trans_list: Bulgaria
sense:
A country in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Bulgaria. Capital and largest city: Sofia.


lexentry: eng/Burgundy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Burgundy
trans_list: Borgogna
sense:
A region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.


lexentry: eng/Burma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Burma
trans_list: Birmania
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Capital: Naypyidaw. Officially known as Myanmar.


lexentry: eng/Buryatia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Buryatia
trans_list: Buriazia
sense:
A republic of Russia. Capital: Ulan-Ude. The republic borders to Mongolia in the south and the lake of Baikal in the west.


lexentry: eng/Busan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Busan
trans_list: Busan
sense:
A metropolitan city of South Korea. It is the second largest city and the largest port city in Korea. It is also well known for its beaches and port.


lexentry: eng/Bushism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bushism
trans_list: bushismo
sense:
The political philosophy associated with former US president George W. Bush or his father, former US president George H. W. Bush.


lexentry: eng/Bushman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bushman
trans_list: boscimano
sense:
A person who lives in the bush, especially a member of a community or ethnic group who lives in the bush.


lexentry: eng/Byzantine_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byzantine Empire
trans_list: Impero bizantino
sense:
(historical) The predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages with its capital city being Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally known as Byzantium, which fell in 1453.


lexentry: eng/Byzantine_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byzantine Greek
trans_list: greco bizantino
sense:
Collectively, the continuum of forms of the Greek language as written and spoken during the time of the Byzantine Empire (C.E. 330–1453), preceded by Koine Greek and Early Medieval Greek and succeeded by Late Medieval Greek to Modern Greek. (ISO 639-3 code: grc shared with Classical Greek.)


lexentry: eng/Byzantine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Byzantine
trans_list: bizantino
sense:
(history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul.


lexentry: eng/Byzantium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byzantium
trans_list: Bisanzio
sense:
An ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, named Constantinople in 330 C.E.; modern Istanbul.


lexentry: eng/Béarn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Béarn
trans_list: Béarn
sense:
(historical) A former viscounty in the southwestern French Pyrenees, which became part of the French royal domain before it was united with the French crown, together with Navarra, as a single feudal province of the French realm.


lexentry: eng/Bézier_curve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bézier curve
trans_list: curva di Bézier
sense:
(mathematics, computer graphics) A type of parametric curve defined by a set of control points, two of which are the ends of the curve, while the others determine its shape. [From 1960s.]


lexentry: eng/C-sharp_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C-sharp major
trans_list: Do diesis-maggiore
sense:
(music) a key with the notes C♯, D♯, E♯, F♯, G♯, A♯, and B♯, the key signature of which has seven sharps:


lexentry: eng/C-suite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C-suite
trans_list: direttore
sense:
(management) The group of officers of a business organization who have the word "chief" in their titles.


lexentry: eng/CD-ROM__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CD-ROM
trans_list: cd-rom
sense:
compact disk - read only memory: an optical disc containing data that can be read (but not changed) by a computer


lexentry: eng/CD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CD
trans_list: CD
sense:
Initialism of compact disc; a disc once commonly used to store data, and especially for the distribution of music and software.


lexentry: eng/CJK__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CJK
trans_list: CGC
sense:
Initialism of Chinese, Japanese, Korean (languages typically grouped because they all use writing systems derived from Chinese characters)


lexentry: eng/CPIL__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CPIL
trans_list: LDIP
sense:
Initialism of Code on Private International Law. (names of laws in Belgium, the Code de droit international privé / Wetboek van internationaal privaatrecht, and in Switzerland, the loi fédérale suisse sur le droit international privé / Schweizerisches Bundesgesetz über das internationale Privatrecht / legge federale svizzera sul diritto internazionale privato)


lexentry: eng/C_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C major
trans_list: Do maggiore | do maggiore
sense:
(music) The major key with C as its tonic, and no sharps or flats, having the notes C, D, E, F, G, A, and B.


lexentry: eng/Cadmus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cadmus
trans_list: Cadmo
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Phoenician prince, son of king Agenor of Tyre. Was sent by his royal parents to seek and return his sister Europa after being abducted from Phoenicia by Zeus. Credited with founding Greek city of Thebes and inventing Greek alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Caelus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caelus
trans_list: Urano
sense:
(Roman god) The personification of the sky and heavens. Either the brother-husband or son-&-husband of Terra, with whom he fathered the Titans and the Cyclops. He is the Roman counterpart of Uranus.


lexentry: eng/Caesar_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caesar salad
trans_list: Caesar salad
sense:
(gastronomy, countable, and, uncountable) A type of salad, generally made from romaine lettuce, croutons, parmesan cheese, coddled or hard-boiled eggs, fresh-ground black pepper and Worcestershire sauce.


lexentry: eng/Caesarea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caesarea
trans_list: Cesarea
sense:
Former name of Cherchell, a city in northern Algeria and the former capital of Mauretania and Numidia.


lexentry: eng/Cagayan_Valley__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cagayan Valley
trans_list: Valle di Cagayan
sense:
A region of the Philippines, composed of the provinces of Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya and Quirino. Capital and largest city: Tuguegarao


lexentry: eng/California_poppy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: California poppy
trans_list: papavero della California
sense:
A popular flowering garden plant, Eschscholzia californica, native to the south-western United States, and other similar plants in genus Eschscholzia.


lexentry: eng/Calvary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Calvary
trans_list: Calvario
sense:
The hill outside Jerusalem which is traditionally held to be the location of the crucifixion of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Calvinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Calvinism
trans_list: calvinismo
sense:
The Christian religious tradition based upon the doctrines and forms of Christian practice of several Protestant reformers, especially John Calvin, in contrast to Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anabaptism, and Arminianism. One distinctive trait of the system is its Augustinian doctrine of predestination, which teaches that God has elected some for salvation, apart from anything they do or believe.


lexentry: eng/Calydon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Calydon
trans_list: Calidone
sense:
(historical, Greek mythology) The legendary founding king and eponym of the city of Calydon, whose failure to honor the goddess Artemis in a rite resulted in her sending the Calydonian Boar to lay waste to the city.


lexentry: eng/Cambodia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cambodia
trans_list: Cambogia
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Kingdom of Cambodia. Capital: Phnom Penh. Former name: Kampuchea.


lexentry: eng/Cambrian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cambrian
trans_list: cambriano
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and Furongian epochs from about 542 to 490 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Cambrian_explosion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cambrian explosion
trans_list: esplosione cambriana
sense:
(evolutionary, _, biology) The relatively rapid appearance, during the Cambrian Period around 541 million years ago, of most major animal phyla, as demonstrated in the fossil record.


lexentry: eng/Cameroon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cameroon
trans_list: Camerun
sense:
A country in Central Africa. Official name: Republic of Cameroon. Capital: Yaoundé. It also claims Ambazonia.


lexentry: eng/Campidanese_Sardinian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Campidanese Sardinian
trans_list: sardo campidanese
sense:
a diasystem of the Sardinian language primarily spoken in the Cagliari, capital of the island of Sardinia, a region of Italy


lexentry: eng/Canadian_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canadian football
trans_list: football canadese
sense:
A game similar to American football played on a field of 110 yards long and 65 yards wide (with two 20 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 12 players attempt to get an ovoid ball to the end of each other's territory.


lexentry: eng/Canary_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canary Islands
trans_list: Isole Canarie
sense:
An archipelago off the coast of northwestern Africa, near Morocco and belonging to Spain as an autonomous community.


lexentry: eng/Cancer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cancer
trans_list: Cancro
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22 - July 22 (tropical astrology) or July 16 - August 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Candlemas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Candlemas
trans_list: Candelora
sense:
The festival in the Christian year celebrated on February 2nd. It commemorates the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple.


lexentry: eng/Canes_Venatici__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canes Venatici
trans_list: Cani da Caccia
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pair of hunting dogs (Chara and Asterion) held on a leash by Boötes and following the bear Ursa Major.


lexentry: eng/Canis_Major__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canis Major
trans_list: Cane maggiore | Cane Maggiore
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It includes the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (sometimes called the Dog Star).


lexentry: eng/Canis_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canis Minor
trans_list: Cane minore | Cane Minore
sense:
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It is most notable for including the eighth brightest star in the night sky, Procyon.


lexentry: eng/Cannae__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cannae
trans_list: Canne
sense:
(historical) A village in the Apulia region of south east Italy, known as the site of a battle in 216 B.C. in which the Carthaginians under Hannibal defeated the Romans


lexentry: eng/Canterbury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Canterbury
trans_list: Canterbury
sense:
A local government district of Kent, England, the City of Canterbury, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the city itself.


lexentry: eng/Cantonese__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Cantonese
trans_list: cantonese
sense:
(uncountable) A dialect of the Cantonese language, spoken in Guangzhou (Canton), Hong Kong, Macau, and treated as the standard dialect of the Cantonese language.


lexentry: eng/Cao_Dai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cao Dai
trans_list: caodaismo
sense:
(religion) A syncretic monotheistic religion founded in the 20th century in Vietnam, which worships a deity of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Cape_lion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cape lion
trans_list: leone del Capo
sense:
A lion of the extinct population of subspecies Panthera leo melanochaita which inhabited the Cape of Good Hope.


lexentry: eng/Capeverdean_Crioulo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Capeverdean Crioulo
trans_list: criolo capoverdiano
sense:
A creole language spoken in Cape Verde and divided into Santo Antão, São Vicente, São Nicolau, Sal, Boa Vista, Maio, Santiago, Fogo and Brava creoles.


lexentry: eng/Capricorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Capricorn
trans_list: Capricorno
sense:
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the goat, ruled by Saturn and covering December 22 – January 20 (tropical astrology) or January 15 – February 14 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Captain_Obvious__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Captain Obvious
trans_list: Capitan Ovvio
sense:
(humorous, usually, pejorative, sarcastic, very often preceded with thank you) Someone who makes superfluous or obvious statements.


lexentry: eng/Caravaggio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caravaggio
trans_list: Caravaggio
sense:
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610), an Italian painter known for the dramatism of his style and subjects.


lexentry: eng/Carboniferous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carboniferous
trans_list: carbonifero
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises the lower, middle and upper Mississippian and lower, middle and upper Pennsylvanian epochs from about 345 to 280 million years ago, when coal was laid down.


lexentry: eng/Carcassonne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carcassonne
trans_list: Carcassona | Carcassonne
sense:
An old walled city, capital of Aude department, formerly in Languedoc-Roussillon, now Occitanie, France.


lexentry: eng/Care_Bears__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Care Bears
trans_list: orsetti del cuore
sense:
A fictional group of multi-colored bear characters, originally painted in 1981 by artist Elena Kucharik to be used on greeting cards from American Greetings but in 1983, the characters were turned into plush teddy bears.


lexentry: eng/Caribbean_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caribbean Sea
trans_list: mare Caraibico
sense:
A tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Caribbean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caribbean
trans_list: caraibico
sense:
Pertaining to the sea and region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba and Hispaniola).


lexentry: eng/Caribbean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caribbean
trans_list: Caraibi
sense:
The countries that occupy the region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Bahamas)


lexentry: eng/Carina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carina
trans_list: Carena
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the keel of a ship. It contains the star Canopus, the second brightest star in the night sky. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Carlism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carlism
trans_list: carlismo
sense:
A political movement in Spain that seeks the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne.


lexentry: eng/Carmelite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carmelite
trans_list: carmelitana | carmelitano
sense:
A member of the Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, a Catholic religious order focusing on contemplative prayer and the Virgin Mary.


lexentry: eng/Carniola__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carniola
trans_list: Carniola
sense:
(historical) A historical region of the Holy Roman and Austrian empires that comprised parts of what is now Slovenia.


lexentry: eng/Carolingian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carolingian
trans_list: carolingio
sense:
Of or pertaining to the dynasty that ruled parts of western Europe from the 7th to the 9th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Carolingian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carolingian
trans_list: carolingio
sense:
Any member of a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the seventh century.


lexentry: eng/Carpathians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carpathians
trans_list: Carpazi
sense:
A large mountainous system in Central Europe, mainly in Transylvania (Romania) and the Polish (Silesian)-Slovak border region.


lexentry: eng/Carpatho-Ukraine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carpatho-Ukraine
trans_list: Rutenia subcarpatica
sense:
(historical) A former region of Czechoslovakia (September 1938 – March 1939) and self-declared independent state (during March of 1939).


lexentry: eng/Cartesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian
trans_list: cartesiano
sense:
Of, or pertaining to, Descartes, his mathematical methods, or his philosophy, especially with regard to its emphasis on logical analysis and its mechanistic interpretation of physical nature.


lexentry: eng/Cartesian_product__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian product
trans_list: prodotto cartesiano
sense:
(set theory, of two sets X and Y) The set of all possible ordered pairs of elements, the being first from X, the second from Y, written X \times Y. Formally, the set \{(x,y)\; |\; x\in X \; \text{and} \; y\in Y\}.


lexentry: eng/Caspian_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caspian Sea
trans_list: Mar Caspio | mar Caspio
sense:
A landlocked sea (properly a saline lake) between Eastern Europe and Asia, and the Earth’s largest inland body of water.


lexentry: eng/Cassandra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cassandra
trans_list: Cassandra
sense:
(Greek mythology) A prophetess who was daughter of King Priam of Troy and his queen Hecuba. She captured the eye of Apollo and was granted the ability to see the future; however, she was destined never to be believed.


lexentry: eng/Cassiopeia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cassiopeia
trans_list: Cassiopea | Cassiopeia
sense:
(Greek mythology) Proud wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda, queen of Ethiopia. When she boasted that her beauty was equal to that of the Nereids, she was punished by Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Cassiopeia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cassiopeia
trans_list: Cassiopea | Cassiopeia
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky representing Queen Cassiopeia from Greek myth. The constellation lies between Cepheus and Perseus and contains the stars Schedar and Caph.


lexentry: eng/Castile__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Castile
trans_list: Castiglia
sense:
A vaguely defined region of central Spain generally corresponding to the regions of Old and New Castile.


lexentry: eng/Castilian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Castilian
trans_list: castigliano
sense:
(inexact, sometimes, _, offensive) Synonym of Spanish, the language of Spain and its former colonies.


lexentry: eng/Castrist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Castrist
trans_list: castrista
sense:
A supporter of Fidel Castro (born 1926), Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who was Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and President from 1976 to 2008.


lexentry: eng/Catalan_Countries__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catalan Countries
trans_list: Paesi catalani
sense:
The territories where Catalan is spoken, and these regions are Catalonia, Valencian Community, the Balearic Islands, the Aragon Strip and the Carxe (in Spain), the Northern Catalonia (in France), the Alghero (in Italy), and Andorra.


lexentry: eng/Catalan_Countries__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Catalan Countries
trans_list: Paesi catalani
sense:
A name given to the country that will be formed in a hypothetical and independent political union of all Catalan-speaking regions.


lexentry: eng/Catalan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catalan
trans_list: catalano
sense:
The Romance language of Catalonia, an autonomous region in the northeast of Spain, also spoken in the Valencian autonomous region (where the language is officially named valencià), the Balearic Islands, Andorra, Roussillon in France, and the Sardinian city of Alghero.


lexentry: eng/Catch-22__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catch-22
trans_list: circolo vizioso
sense:
(idiomatic) A difficult situation from which there is no escape because it involves mutually conflicting or dependent conditions.


lexentry: eng/Cathar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cathar
trans_list: cataro | catara
sense:
A member of certain so self-styled Novatian and other medieval Christian sects embracing a form of dualism and extraordinary practices purportedly adhering to Mary Magdalene's teachings, persecuted by Roman Catholics as heretics.


lexentry: eng/Cathay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cathay
trans_list: Catai
sense:
(archaic) China, specifically medieval northern China as reached by the overland Silk Road to Xi'an or Beijing, not known at the time to be related to southern China as reached by the maritime routes to Guangzhou.


lexentry: eng/Catholic_Church__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catholic Church
trans_list: Chiesa cattolica
sense:
The Catholic Church, which consists of 24 particular churches in full communion with the Pope as the Bishop of Rome.


lexentry: eng/Caucasian_Albania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caucasian Albania
trans_list: Albania caucasica
sense:
An ancient region and former kingdom in Western Asia, south of the Caucasus mountains, east of Armenia and west of the Caspian Sea.


lexentry: eng/Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caucasus
trans_list: Catena del Caucaso
sense:
A mountain range in Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, on territory of Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, which includes the ranges of Greater Caucasus and Lesser Caucasus.


lexentry: eng/Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caucasus
trans_list: Caucaso
sense:
(geopolitical) A geopolitical region in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, deriving its name from the aforementioned mountains.


lexentry: eng/Cauchy_problem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cauchy problem
trans_list: problema di Cauchy
sense:
(mathematics, analysis) For a given m-order partial differential equation, the problem of finding a solution function u on \mathbb{R}^n that satisfies the boundary conditions that, for a smooth manifold S\subset\mathbb{R}^n, \textstyle u(x) = f_0(x) and \textstyle \frac{\partial^k u(x)}{\partial n^k} = f_k(x), \forall x\in S, k = 1\dots m-1, given specified functions f_k defined on, and vector n normal to, the manifold.


lexentry: eng/Cauchy_sequence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cauchy sequence
trans_list: successione di Cauchy
sense:
(analysis) Any sequence x_n in a metric space with metric d such that for every \epsilon > 0 there exists a natural number N such that for all k, m \ge N , d(x_k, x_m) < \epsilon .


lexentry: eng/Celtiberian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtiberian
trans_list: celtibero
sense:
A member of a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain, before and during the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Celtiberian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtiberian
trans_list: celtiberico
sense:
An extinct Indo-European language of the Celtic branch spoken by these people in an area of the Iberian Peninsula lying between the headwaters of the Duero, Tajo, Júcar and Turia rivers and the Ebro river.


lexentry: eng/Celtic_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtic Sea
trans_list: mare Celtico
sense:
A sea in British Isles, Europe, in the Atlantic The area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded by Saint George's Channel, the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay.


lexentry: eng/Celtic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtic
trans_list: celtico
sense:
A branch of the Indo-European languages that was spread widely over Western and Central Europe in the pre-Christian era.


lexentry: eng/Cenozoic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cenozoic
trans_list: Cenozoico
sense:
(geology) A geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon comprising the Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary periods from about 65 million years ago to the present, when the continents moved to their current position and modern plants and animals evolved.


lexentry: eng/Centaurus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Centaurus
trans_list: Centauro
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky (and autumn of the southern sky) with the outline of a centaur. It includes the stars Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman), Proxima Centauri, and Hadar.


lexentry: eng/Central_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Central Africa
trans_list: Centrafrica
sense:
A core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.


lexentry: eng/Central_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Central Asia
trans_list: Asia centrale
sense:
A landlocked area of continental Asia comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. In the USSR and the modern Russia, the area is called Middle Asia (Средняя Азия).


lexentry: eng/Central_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Central Europe
trans_list: Europa centrale | Europa Centrale
sense:
A geographic region in the center of Europe, usually including Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Cepheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cepheus
trans_list: Cefeo
sense:
(Greek mythology) Husband of Cassiopeia, king of Eritrea, father of Andromeda. There may be two mythical kings by this name.


lexentry: eng/Cepheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cepheus
trans_list: Cefeo
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, located between Draco and Cassiopeia and representing the king Cepheus from Greek myth. It contains the star Alderamin.


lexentry: eng/Cerberus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cerberus
trans_list: Cerbero
sense:
(Greek mythology) The giant three-headed dog who guards the entrance to Hades; and one of the many offspring of Echidna and Typhon.


lexentry: eng/Ceres__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ceres
trans_list: Cerere
sense:
(astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, the innermost dwarf planet; officially called (1) Ceres. (see usage notes)


lexentry: eng/Cetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cetus
trans_list: Balena
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a whale. It includes the star Mira.


lexentry: eng/Chad__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chad
trans_list: Ciad
sense:
Lake Chad (a freshwater lake at the junction of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon in Central Africa).


lexentry: eng/Chagatai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chagatai
trans_list: Chagatai | Djagatai
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, most famously borne by the Mongol ruler Chagatai Khan (1183–1242), second son of Genghis Khan and first khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a medieval Mongol and later Turkicized khanate of Central Asia (divided after the 14th century).


lexentry: eng/Chalcedon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chalcedon
trans_list: Calcedonia
sense:
An ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor in modern Turkey, almost directly opposite Byzantium.


lexentry: eng/Chamaeleon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chamaeleon
trans_list: Camaleonte
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, imagined to resemble a chameleon, which lies south of the constellations Carina and Musca.


lexentry: eng/Channel_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Channel Islands
trans_list: le Isole Normanne | le Isole del Canale | le Isole del Canale della Manica
sense:
A group of islands of the Duchy of Normandy in the English Channel: Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm, Brecqhou, Lihou, Jethou and Burhou.


lexentry: eng/Charlemagne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Charlemagne
trans_list: Carlo Magno | Carlomagno
sense:
One of the kings of the Franks from 768 to 814, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 until his death in 814.


lexentry: eng/Charles's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Charles's law
trans_list: legge di Charles | prima legge di Gay-Lussac
sense:
(physics) The law stating that the density of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.


lexentry: eng/Chartism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chartism
trans_list: cartismo
sense:
(historical) A working-class movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century.


lexentry: eng/Chartres_blue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chartres blue
trans_list: blu di Chartres
sense:
(glassworking) A shade of blue created for the stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral, containing traces of red for enhancement.


lexentry: eng/Chavismo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chavismo
trans_list: chavismo
sense:
a left-wing populist ideology based on the policies of Hugo Chávez, the former president of Venezuela (2002-2013), and the politics of the Bolivarian Revolution (Bolivarianism).


lexentry: eng/Chebyshev's_inequality__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chebyshev's inequality
trans_list: disuguaglianza di Čebyšëv
sense:
(statistics) The theorem that in any data sample with finite variance, the probability of any random variable X that lies k or more standard deviations away from the mean is no more than 1/k2, i.e. assuming mean μ and standard deviation σ, the probability is:


lexentry: eng/Chechen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chechen
trans_list: ceceno | cecena
sense:
A member of a Nakh people of the northern Caucasus and resident in the Russian republic of Chechnya.


lexentry: eng/Chekist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chekist
trans_list: cekista
sense:
(historical) An agent of the Cheka, the Soviet Russian secret police from 1917 to 1922, replacing the Okhrana secret police of Tsarist Russia; succeeded by the OGPU and NKVD.


lexentry: eng/Cheops__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cheops
trans_list: Cheope
sense:
a pharaoh of Egypt, who ruled in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC) and is renowned as the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza


lexentry: eng/Chernivtsi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chernivtsi
trans_list: Černivci
sense:
A city, administrative centre, and raion of Chernivtsi Oblast, in the Bukovyna region, Ukraine, on the Prut river.


lexentry: eng/Chernobyl__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chernobyl
trans_list: Černobyl'
sense:
A partially abandoned city and ghost town in northern Ukraine, known as the site of a nuclear disaster.


lexentry: eng/Cherusci__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cherusci
trans_list: cherusco
sense:
(historical) a Germanic tribe that inhabited parts of the plains and forests of northwestern Germany, in the area possibly near present-day Hanover, during the first centuries BC and AD


lexentry: eng/Cheshire_cat__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cheshire cat
trans_list: Stregatto | gatto del Cheshire
sense:
A fictional cat with a broad fixed grin, made popular by Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865).


lexentry: eng/Chicago__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chicago
trans_list: Chicago
sense:
A large city, the county seat of Cook County, in northeastern Illinois, United States, located on Lake Michigan.


lexentry: eng/Chiers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chiers
trans_list: acquavite
sense:
A river in Europe that flows for about 130 km (81 mi) through Luxembourg, Belgium and France; it joins the Meuse near Sedan.


lexentry: eng/Chimera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chimera
trans_list: chimera
sense:
(Greek mythology) A supposed fire-breathing monster in Lycia with the head of a lion, body of a goat, and tail of a dragon or snake, killed by the hero Bellerophon.


lexentry: eng/China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: China
trans_list: Cina
sense:
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.


lexentry: eng/China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: China
trans_list: Cina
sense:
The principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/China_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: China syndrome
trans_list: sindrome cinese
sense:
(idiomatic, nuclear physics, uncountable) A hypothetical kind of catastrophic failure in which a nuclear reactor melts through the floor of its containment system and penetrates the Earth's surface, continuing downward as if (from a Western Hemispheric point of view) traveling through the planet toward China.


lexentry: eng/Chinatown__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinatown
trans_list: chinatown
sense:
A district of a city or town (in a country other than China) in which there is a large concentration of Chinese residents and businesses.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_Crested_Dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese Crested Dog
trans_list: cane nudo cinese
sense:
A toy dog that resembles a long-snouted Chihuahua with tufts of hair about the head and ears, tail and feet.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_Wall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese Wall
trans_list: Grande muraglia cinese
sense:
(idiomatic, jargon) An information barrier within an organization, designed to ensure internal confidentiality; frequently used to prevent conflicts of interest.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: cinese
sense:
Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: cinese | cinesi | ideogrammi cinesi
sense:
(uncountable, collective) The citizens of China, particularly citizens of the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: cinese
sense:
(uncountable) The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Southern Min, and other closely related language varieties and dialects.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_cabbage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese cabbage
trans_list: cavolo cinese | cavolo di Pechino
sense:
Any East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage, especially subspecies or varieties of Brassica rapa.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_checkers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese checkers
trans_list: dama cinese
sense:
A board game played by two to six people, in which players aim to move their own pieces to the corner opposite their starting position by single moves or jumps over other pieces.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_cinnamon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chinese cinnamon
trans_list: autodemolizione
sense:
The bark of this tree when used as spice, and when distinguishing it from "true cinnamon", the bark of the C. verum.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_finger_trap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese finger trap
trans_list: trappola cinese
sense:
A gag toy, used to play practical jokes, that traps the victim's fingers in both ends of a small cylinder woven from bamboo.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese studies
trans_list: sinologia
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literature written in the Chinese language, Chinese linguistics, and Chinese sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_whispers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese whispers
trans_list: telefono senza fili | telegrafo senza fili
sense:
(games, mostly, UK) A game for several players in which a phrase, whispered by each person in turn to their neighbour, is often unwittingly misunderstood as it is transferred, to humorous effect by the time it reaches the last person and is compared with the original phrase.


lexentry: eng/Chitral__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chitral
trans_list: Chitral
sense:
The capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Chitral River, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It also served as the capital of the princely state of Chitral until 1969.


lexentry: eng/Christ's_thorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christ's thorn
trans_list: marruca
sense:
Paliurus spina-christi, a deciduous shrub or small tree of the Mediterranean and parts of Asia, with spiny shoots.


lexentry: eng/Christian_Democracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christian Democracy
trans_list: Democrazia Cristiana
sense:
A political ideology incorporating traditional family and church values alongside progressive values, such as welfare. It is closely linked with Roman Catholicism and its philosophy of economic and social justice.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas Day
trans_list: Natale
sense:
The day on which Christmas is celebrated. It is December 25 in the West, and January 7 in some Eastern Orthodox churches.


lexentry: eng/Christmas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas
trans_list: Natale
sense:
(originally, Christianity) A festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas Day) in most places.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_ham__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas ham
trans_list: prosciutto di Natale
sense:
A ham, boiled and then baked in the oven with mustard, served sliced at Christmas as one of the traditionally most important parts of the Scandinavian julbord (special Christmas-time smörgåsbord).


lexentry: eng/Christmas_ham__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Christmas ham
trans_list: prosciutto di Natale
sense:
Ham prepared in various other ways in various regions at Christmas, such as stuffed ham in parts of the United States, or ham soaked in fruit juices in the Philippines.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas tree
trans_list: albero di Natale
sense:
A conifer used during the Christmas holiday season, typically decorated with lights and ornaments and often a star or angel at its tip.


lexentry: eng/Christology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christology
trans_list: cristologia
sense:
(uncountable) A field of study within Christian theology which is concerned with the nature of Jesus Christ, particularly with how the divine and human are related in his person.


lexentry: eng/Chronicles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chronicles
trans_list: Croniche
sense:
(book of the bible) A book of the Jewish Tanakh, divided into two Books of Chronicles in the Christian Bible.


lexentry: eng/Chrysostom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chrysostom
trans_list: Crisostomo
sense:
The epithet of John Chrysostom, Dio Chrysostom and several other people, given to them for their eloquence.


lexentry: eng/Chukchi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chukchi
trans_list: lingua chukchi
sense:
(uncountable) A Paleosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.


lexentry: eng/Church_Father__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church Father
trans_list: padre della Chiesa
sense:
(Christianity) One of a number of male Christian writers from Antiquity whose doctrinal work is considered authoritative by the later church.


lexentry: eng/Church_of_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church of England
trans_list: Chiesa Anglicana | Chiesa d'Inghilterra
sense:
The English branch of the Christian Church; (since the 16th century) specifically the established Protestant church in England which is the mother church of the Anglican Communion.


lexentry: eng/Churchillian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Churchillian
trans_list: churchilliano
sense:
Of or pertaining to Winston Churchill (1874–1965), English statesman and author, or to his policies, speeches, or writings.


lexentry: eng/Chuvash__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chuvash
trans_list: ciuvascio
sense:
An agglutinative language of the Bolgar branch of the Turkic language family and is spoken west of the Ural mountains in central Russia. Chuvash is the native language of the Chuvash people and an official language of Chuvashia. It is spoken by about two million people.


lexentry: eng/Cilicia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cilicia
trans_list: Cilicia
sense:
(historical) An ancient region in southeastern Asia Minor, famed for cilice — haircloth made from the hair of Cilician goats


lexentry: eng/Cinderella__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cinderella
trans_list: Cenerentola
sense:
A popular fairy tale embodying a classic folk tale myth-element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward.


lexentry: eng/Circassian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Circassian
trans_list: Circassa
sense:
A native or inhabitant of Circassia (historical) (nowadays shared by Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia), including the Adyghes and Ubykhs.


lexentry: eng/Circinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Circinus
trans_list: Compasso
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a compass. It lies between the constellations of Centaurus and Triangulum Australe.


lexentry: eng/Cistercian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cistercian
trans_list: cistercense
sense:
A member of a monastic order which follows the Benedictine rule and emphasizes silent contemplative prayer.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Chinese
trans_list: cinese classico | lingua cinese classica
sense:
The written Chinese language used from the Zhou Dynasty (1045 B.C.E.) (especially the Spring and Autumn Period), through to the end of the Han Dynasty (220 C.E.). In Chinese, or, formally, . The language of many classics of Chinese literature.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Latin
trans_list: latino classico
sense:
The Latin language as spoken and written in formal speeches, literature, the arts, etc., by the ancient Romans.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Nahuatl__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Nahuatl
trans_list: Lingua nahuatl classica
sense:
The variants of the Nahuatl language spoken in central Mexico at the time of the Spanish colonization.


lexentry: eng/Cleopatra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cleopatra
trans_list: Cleopatra
sense:
A given name of women in the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt; notably Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt (69–30 BCE); last of the Ptolemy line.


lexentry: eng/Clifford_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clifford algebra
trans_list: algebra di Clifford
sense:
(algebra, mathematical physics) A unital associative algebra which generalizes the algebra of quaternions but which is not necessarily a division algebra; it is generated by a set of \gamma_i (with i ranging from, say, 1 to n) such that the square of each \gamma_i is fixed to be either +1 or −1, depending on each i, and such that any product \gamma_i \gamma_j anticommutes when its factors are distinct (i.e., when i \ne j).


lexentry: eng/Clio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clio
trans_list: Clio
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of history and heroic poetry, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne.


lexentry: eng/Clytemnestra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clytemnestra
trans_list: Clitennestra
sense:
(Greek mythology) wife of Agamemnon, whom she killed after the Trojan War, whereupon was killed herself by their son Orestes


lexentry: eng/Colchis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colchis
trans_list: Colchide
sense:
(historical) An ancient region and kingdom on the coast of the Black Sea, corresponding to what is now western Georgia.


lexentry: eng/Cold_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cold War
trans_list: Guerra fredda | guerra fredda
sense:
(historical) The period of hostility short of open war between the Soviet Bloc and the Western powers, especially the United States, between 1945 and 1991.


lexentry: eng/Colorado__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colorado
trans_list: Colorado
sense:
A major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Colorado_beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colorado beetle
trans_list: dorifora della patata
sense:
A beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, formerly Doryphora decemlineata, with black and yellow stripes, that is a serious pest of potatoes.


lexentry: eng/Colossians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colossians
trans_list: Colossesi
sense:
(biblical) The twelfth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Colossae which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Columbian__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Columbian
trans_list: testo
sense:
(uncountable, US, _, printing, dated) A size of type between English and great primer, standardized as 16-point.


lexentry: eng/Coma_Berenices__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coma Berenices
trans_list: Chioma di Berenice
sense:
(constellation) A small dim summer constellation of the northern sky, said to represent an offering of hair from Queen Berenice II of Egypt. Originally considered to represent the tuft of hair on the end of Leo's tail.


lexentry: eng/Comintern__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Comintern
trans_list: Comintern
sense:
(historical) An international association of Communist parties, established in 1919 by Vladimir Lenin and dissolved in 1943.


lexentry: eng/Common_Era__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Common Era
trans_list: era comune | era volgare
sense:
(chronology) The secular equivalent of anno Domini and the Christian Era, the internationally recognized method of numbering years on the Gregorian calendar.


lexentry: eng/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Commonwealth of Independent States
trans_list: Comunità degli Stati Indipendenti | CSI
sense:
An alliance and confederation of nine former Soviet republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed as a successor to the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Commonwealth_of_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Commonwealth of Nations
trans_list: Commonwealth delle nazioni
sense:
An association of independent, sovereign states most of which formerly constituted the British Empire.


lexentry: eng/Comoros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Comoros
trans_list: Comore
sense:
A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa. Official name: Union of the Comoros.


lexentry: eng/Confederate_States_of_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Confederate States of America
trans_list: Stati Confederati d'America
sense:
(historical) An unrecognized nation existing from 1861–1865, consisting of the eleven Southern states who sought independence from the United States of America over the issue of slavery.


lexentry: eng/Confucianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Confucianism
trans_list: confucianesimo
sense:
The philosophy and teaching of Confucius, which emphasizes self-cultivation, collective harmony, righteousness and the family structure.


lexentry: eng/Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Congo
trans_list: Congo | Congo-Kinshasa | Repubblica Democratica del Congo
sense:
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo; official name: Democratic Republic of the Congo; capital: Kinshasa).


lexentry: eng/Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Congo
trans_list: Congo | Congo-Brazzaville | Repubblica del Congo
sense:
Congo, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; official name: Republic of the Congo; capital: Brazzaville).


lexentry: eng/Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Congo
trans_list: Congo
sense:
A large river in Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo.


lexentry: eng/Congress_Poland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Congress Poland
trans_list: Regno del Congresso
sense:
(historical) The Kingdom of Poland created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.


lexentry: eng/Connacht__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Connacht
trans_list: Connacht
sense:
The western province of Ireland, inclusive of the counties Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and Sligo.


lexentry: eng/Cooper_pair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cooper pair
trans_list: coppia di Cooper
sense:
(physics) A pair of electrons (or other fermions), of opposite spin, whose theorised behaviour is the basis of the BCS theory of superconductivity.


lexentry: eng/Copernicus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Copernicus
trans_list: Copernico
sense:
Nicolaus Copernicus, a mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Corfu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corfu
trans_list: Corfù
sense:
An island in Greece, one of the Ionian Islands. The ancient name is Corcyra (Κόρκυρα), in Modern Greek Kérkira (Κέρκυρα).


lexentry: eng/Corinthian_bronze__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corinthian bronze
trans_list: bronzo corinzio
sense:
A hard valuable metal alloy in classical antiquity, of uncertain composition, thought to have been an alloy of copper with gold and/or silver involving heat treatment and quenching, but perhaps only a very high grade of bronze.


lexentry: eng/Corinthians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corinthians
trans_list: Corinzi
sense:
(biblical) Either of the two books in the New Testament of the Bible that are written as epistles to the people of Corinth and which are attributed to Paul the Apostle, Sosthenes and Timothy.


lexentry: eng/Coriolis_force__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coriolis force
trans_list: forza di Coriolis
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A fictitious force apparently exerted on any moving body (including a parcel of air) due to the rotation of the earth, observed as a deflection of the body to the right of its direction of travel (i.e., clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere, or to the left (anticlockwise) in the Southern Hemisphere; any equivalent apparent force that deflects objects in a rotating reference frame.


lexentry: eng/Cornwall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cornwall
trans_list: Cornovaglia
sense:
The country of the Cornish, currently having the status of a royal duchy in England belonging to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch, and consisting at least of the Cornwall County and the Isles of Scilly.


lexentry: eng/Cornwall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Cornwall
trans_list: Cornovaglia
sense:
The westernmost of the three historical counties of Jamaica, bordered by the county of Middlesex in the east; named for the English county.


lexentry: eng/Corpus_Christi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corpus Christi
trans_list: Corpus Domini
sense:
(Christianity) A feast day in honor of the Eucharist, observed by Roman Catholics and high-church Anglicans on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Corsica__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corsica
trans_list: Corsica
sense:
An island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia.


lexentry: eng/Corvus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corvus
trans_list: Corvo
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky south of the constellation Virgo, said to resemble a crow.


lexentry: eng/Cossack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cossack
trans_list: cosacco
sense:
A member or descendant of an originally (semi-)nomadic population of Eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia, formed in part of runaways from neighbouring countries, that eventually settled in parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian tsarist Empire and constituted a military caste, particularly in areas now comprising southern Russia and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Council_of_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Council of Europe
trans_list: Consiglio d'Europa
sense:
An international organisation focused on protecting human rights, democracy, rule of law in Europe, with headquarters in Strasbourg, France.


lexentry: eng/County_of_Nice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: County of Nice
trans_list: Contea di Nizza
sense:
(historical) A county and state of Savoy (1388–1847), now located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.


lexentry: eng/County_of_Sicily__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: County of Sicily
trans_list: Contea di Sicilia
sense:
(historical) A Norman state, comprising Sicily, Malta and part of Calabria, founded in 1071 and succeeded in 1130 by the Kingdom of Sicily.


lexentry: eng/Cramer's_rule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cramer's rule
trans_list: regola di Cramer
sense:
(linear algebra) An explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns, valid whenever the system has a unique solution.


lexentry: eng/Crater__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crater
trans_list: Cratere
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a cup. It lies between the constellations Virgo and Hydra.


lexentry: eng/Cretaceous__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cretaceous
trans_list: Cretacico
sense:
(geology) The geologic period within the Mesozoic era that comprises lower and upper epochs from about 146 to 66 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Crimea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimea
trans_list: Crimea
sense:
Synonym of Crimean peninsula: A peninsula in the Black Sea, Europe, officially part of Ukraine, annexed by Russia. A peninsula which juts southwards out of the Ukrainian mainland (to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop) into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Sea of Azov from the Black Sea.


lexentry: eng/Crimea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Crimea
trans_list: Crimea
sense:
(historical) Synonym of Crimean Khanate: A historical country in Crimean Peninsula, Europe. The Crimean Khanate, which for much of its history controlled most of the Crimean peninsula and various adjacent areas of the mainland.


lexentry: eng/Crimean_Gothic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimean Gothic
trans_list: gotico di Crimea
sense:
A Germanic, probably East Germanic, language spoken by the Crimean Goths in some isolated locations in Crimea until the late eighteenth century.


lexentry: eng/Crimean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimean
trans_list: crimeano
sense:
Denoting, of, or related to Crimea, a peninsula on the north of the Black Sea, separating it from the Sea of Azov.


lexentry: eng/Crispin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Crispin
trans_list: Crispino
sense:
A Roman shoemaker, martyr and saint, and brother of Crispinian; patron saint of cobblers and tanners.


lexentry: eng/Croatia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Croatia
trans_list: Croazia
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Croatia. Capital and largest city: Zagreb. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.


lexentry: eng/Crohn's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crohn's disease
trans_list: malattia di Crohn | morbo di Crohn
sense:
(disease) Crohn’s regional enteritis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can involve any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus.


lexentry: eng/Cronus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cronus
trans_list: Crono
sense:
(Greek mythology) The youngest of the twelve Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia; father to the first generation of Olympian gods and goddesses.


lexentry: eng/Crown_prosecutor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crown prosecutor
trans_list: procuratore capo
sense:
(British, Canadian, Australian) The state prosecutor; the legal party responsible for presenting the case against an individual in a criminal trial.


lexentry: eng/Crusade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crusade
trans_list: crociata
sense:
Any of a series of religious campaigns by Christian forces from the 11th to the 13th century, mostly to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims who occupied it.


lexentry: eng/Crux__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crux
trans_list: Croce del Sud
sense:
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross. It appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.


lexentry: eng/Ctesiphon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ctesiphon
trans_list: Ctesifonte
sense:
(historical) An ancient capital of Parthia and later of the Sassanid Persian Empire, on the Tigris near Baghdad in present-day Iraq, abandoned in the 7th and 8th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Cthulhu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cthulhu
trans_list: Cthulhu
sense:
A gigantic fictional humanoid alien god being described with a head resembling an octopus and dragon wings and claws, around whom an insane cult developed.


lexentry: eng/Cuba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cuba
trans_list: Cuba
sense:
A country, and the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean. Capital and largest city: Havana.


lexentry: eng/Cuban_red_macaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cuban red macaw
trans_list: ara di cuba
sense:
A small parrot (†Ara tricolor), formerly found in Cuba, and extinct since the late nineteenth century.


lexentry: eng/Cupid__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cupid
trans_list: Cupido | Amore
sense:
(Roman god) The god of love, son of Venus; sometimes depicted as a cherub (a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow). The Roman counterpart of Eros.


lexentry: eng/Curaçao__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Curaçao
trans_list: Curaçao
sense:
An island in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Curetonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Curetonian
trans_list: curetoniano
sense:
of or relating to William Cureton, and specifically the Egyptian manuscripts recognised as Syriac Gospels, edited and published, by the assistant keeper of manuscripts at the British Museum, William Cureton in 1858.


lexentry: eng/Cyclades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyclades
trans_list: Cicladi
sense:
An Aegean island chain in southeast-central Greece, surrounding the main island Delos, further including the islands of Andros, Naxos, Paros, Santorini, Syra, Tinos and Zea.


lexentry: eng/Cygnus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cygnus
trans_list: Cigno
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a swan. It includes the triple star system HD 188753 and the stars Deneb and Albireo.


lexentry: eng/Cynic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cynic
trans_list: cinico
sense:
A member of a sect of Ancient Greek philosophers who believed virtue to be the only good and self-control to be the only means of achieving virtue.


lexentry: eng/Cyprus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyprus
trans_list: Cipro
sense:
An island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia. Official name: Republic of Cyprus. Capital: Nicosia.


lexentry: eng/Cyrillic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyrillic
trans_list: cirillico
sense:
Denoting an alphabet devised for writing the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language, and its adaptations used for several languages of Eastern Europe and Asia; of or relating to this writing system.


lexentry: eng/Czech_hedgehog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Czech hedgehog
trans_list: riccio ceco
sense:
(military) A static antitank and anti-landing craft obstacle, widely used during World War II, constructed from three mutually-perpendicular steel rails connected in the form of a tripod.


lexentry: eng/DNA__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: DNA
trans_list: DNA
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).


lexentry: eng/DVD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: DVD
trans_list: DVD
sense:
(countable) Initialism of digital video/versatile disc; an optical disc on which video is recorded in digital format, such as commercially-released movies and other video media.


lexentry: eng/D_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: D major
trans_list: re maggiore
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯, the key signature of which has two sharps.


lexentry: eng/Dacia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dacia
trans_list: Dacia
sense:
An ancient region and former kingdom located in the area now known as Romania. The Dacian kingdom was conquered by the Romans and later named Romania after them.


lexentry: eng/Daco-Romanian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daco-Romanian
trans_list: dacoromanzo
sense:
The standard Romanian language, distinguished from the Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian), Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian languages.


lexentry: eng/Dada__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dada
trans_list: dadaismo
sense:
A cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland during and as a reaction to World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920, which primarily involved visual arts, literature (mainly poetry), theatre, and graphic design, and was characterized by deliberate irrationality, disillusionment, cynicism, nihilism, randomness, and rejection of the prevailing standards in art.


lexentry: eng/Daffy_Duck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daffy Duck
trans_list: Daffy Duck
sense:
A fictional anthropomorphic black duck in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated cartoons by Warner Bros.


lexentry: eng/Dalai_Lama__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dalai Lama
trans_list: Dalai Lama
sense:
(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.


lexentry: eng/Daltonism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daltonism
trans_list: daltonismo
sense:
(medicine, pathology) Inability or defective ability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, especially red-green color blindness.


lexentry: eng/Damascus_steel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Damascus steel
trans_list: acciaio di Damasco
sense:
A kind of steel used in swordmaking from about 300 BC to 1700 AD, characterized by distinctive patterns of banding and mottling reminiscent of flowing water.


lexentry: eng/Dantesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dantesque
trans_list: dantesco
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of Dante; characterized by a formal, elevated tone and somber focus.


lexentry: eng/Danube__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Danube
trans_list: Danubio
sense:
A river in Europe; flowing 2850 km from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania.


lexentry: eng/Danzig__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Danzig
trans_list: Danzica
sense:
Gdańsk (especially in reference to the times when it was part of a German-speaking state such as Prussia or Germany).


lexentry: eng/Dari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Dari
trans_list: dari
sense:
(historical, now less common) A variety of Middle Persian which served as the court language of the late Sasanian Empire.


lexentry: eng/Darwinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Darwinian
trans_list: darwiniano | darwinista
sense:
Of or pertaining to the scientific views advanced by the English biologist, geologist, and naturalist Charles Darwin, especially his theory that living organisms evolve through the natural selection of inherited variations that increase organisms' ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.


lexentry: eng/Darwinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Darwinism
trans_list: darwinismo | darvinismo
sense:
The principles of natural selection set out in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), more strictly defined by August Weismann and developed by other authors into a central part of the modern evolutionary synthesis.


lexentry: eng/Daurian_jackdaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daurian jackdaw
trans_list: taccola della Dauria
sense:
An Asian bird of the crow family (Coloeus dauuricus) closely related to the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula).


lexentry: eng/David__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: David
trans_list: Davide
sense:
(biblical character) The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon.


lexentry: eng/Davos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Davos
trans_list: forum di Davos
sense:
(metonymy) An annual meeting of business leaders, major politicians, economists, and other celebrities hosted by the World Economic Forum in the town of Davos, Switzerland at the end of January.


lexentry: eng/Davy_Jones's_locker__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Davy Jones's locker
trans_list: Lo scrigno di Davy Jones
sense:
(nautical, idiomatic) The bottom of the ocean, seen as a grave for sailors and the resting-place of anything that goes overboard and is lost.


lexentry: eng/Dead_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dead Sea
trans_list: mar Morto | Mar Morto
sense:
A lake in the Middle East in Israel, Palestine and Jordan, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth.


lexentry: eng/Death_Valley__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Death Valley
trans_list: Valle della Morte
sense:
A valley in eastern California, remarkable for being the lowest-elevated place in North America, and the hottest place on Earth during summer.


lexentry: eng/Death__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Death
trans_list: Morte
sense:
The personification of death, often a skeleton with a scythe, and one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse.


lexentry: eng/Decameron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Decameron
trans_list: Decamerone | Decameron
sense:
A collection of 100 short stories by Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio, probably begun in 1350 and finished in 1353.


lexentry: eng/December__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: December
trans_list: dicembre
sense:
The twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar, following November and preceding the January of the following year, containing the southern solstice.


lexentry: eng/Dedekind_domain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dedekind domain
trans_list: anello di Dedekind | dominio di Dedekind
sense:
(algebra, ring theory) An integral domain in which every proper ideal factors into a product of prime ideals which is unique (up to permutations).


lexentry: eng/Deism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Deism
trans_list: deismo
sense:
A religious philosophy and movement prominent in 17th-18th-century England, France, and what is now the United States which rejected supernatural events such as prophecy and miracles, divine revelation, and holy books or revealed religions that assert such things exist.


lexentry: eng/Delete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Delete
trans_list: cancellare
sense:
(computing) A key that may be pressed to delete something (such as text or files) from a computer. The key also erases text from left to right, unlike the backspace key.


lexentry: eng/Delphinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Delphinus
trans_list: Delfino
sense:
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dolphin. It lies between the constellations Cygnus and Aquila.


lexentry: eng/Demeter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demeter
trans_list: Demetra
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of the fertility of the Earth and harvests, protector of marriage and social order; daughter of Cronos and Rhea, mother to Persephone.


lexentry: eng/Demiurge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Demiurge
trans_list: demiurgo
sense:
(gnosticism) A prideful, inferior being that creates the material world; frequently identified with the creator God of the Hebrew Bible.


lexentry: eng/Democrat__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Democrat
trans_list: democratica
sense:
(US, _, politics, proscribed, pejorative, offensive) Of or belonging to the Democratic Party in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Democritus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Democritus
trans_list: Democrito
sense:
A Greek philosopher (c.460-c.370 BC). The originator of the atomic theory together with his teacher Leucippus.


lexentry: eng/Demosthenes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demosthenes
trans_list: Demostene
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, famously borne by Demosthenes, the Athenian statesman and orator of 4th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Demotic_Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demotic Greek
trans_list: demotico | greco demotico
sense:
The Modern Greek vernacular language. It became the official Modern Greek in 1976 when Katharevousa was replaced, and was written in polytonic script until 1982, and in monotonic script after 1982.


lexentry: eng/Denmark-Norway__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Denmark-Norway
trans_list: Danimarca-Norvegia
sense:
(historical) A former political entity consisting of the united kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including overseas Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.


lexentry: eng/Denmark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Denmark
trans_list: Danimarca
sense:
A town and local government area (Shire of Denmark) in the Great Southern region, Western Australia.


lexentry: eng/Detroit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Detroit
trans_list: Detroit
sense:
The largest city and former capital of Michigan, United States, a major port on the Detroit River, known as the traditional automotive center of the U.S. It is the county seat of Wayne County.


lexentry: eng/Deutsche_Mark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Deutsche Mark
trans_list: marco tedesco
sense:
(historical, numismatics) The former currency unit of Germany (now replaced by the euro), abbreviated as DM or DEM.


lexentry: eng/Devanagari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Devanagari
trans_list: devanagari
sense:
An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.


lexentry: eng/Devonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Devonian
trans_list: devoniano
sense:
(geology) of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and upper epochs from about 415 to 360 million years ago


lexentry: eng/Diana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Diana
trans_list: Diana
sense:
(Roman god) The daughter of Latona and Jupiter, and twin sister of Apollo; the goddess of the hunt, associated wild animals and the forest or wilderness, and an emblem of chastity; the Roman counterpart of Artemis.


lexentry: eng/Dickensian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Dickensian
trans_list: dickensiano
sense:
Reminiscent of the environments and situations most commonly portrayed in Dickens' writings, such as poverty, social injustice, and other aspects of Victorian England.


lexentry: eng/Diocletian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Diocletian
trans_list: Diocleziano
sense:
Roman cognomen, particularly borne by the Roman emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (245-313).


lexentry: eng/Dionysus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dionysus
trans_list: Dioniso
sense:
(Greek god) The god of wine, ivy and grapes, specifically its intoxication and social influence, but also the patron of agriculture and the theater. Also related to the mystery of religion, as in "spiritual intoxication".


lexentry: eng/Dirae__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dirae
trans_list: Dire
sense:
(Roman god) The goddesses of vengeance; they were also known to accompany Invidia. They are the Roman counterparts of the Furies/Erinyes.


lexentry: eng/Dirichlet_energy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dirichlet energy
trans_list: energia di Dirichlet
sense:
(analysis, functional analysis, Fourier analysis) A quadratic functional which, given a real function defined on an open subset of ℝn, yields a real number that is a measure of how variable said function is.


lexentry: eng/Dirichlet_series__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dirichlet series
trans_list: serie di Dirichlet
sense:
(number theory) Any infinite series of the form \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{a_n}{n^s}, where s and each a_n are complex numbers.


lexentry: eng/Discordianism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Discordianism
trans_list: discordianesimo
sense:
A minor modern religion with absurdist elements, often seen as a parody, based on the worship of Eris, the Greek goddess of discord and confusion.


lexentry: eng/Dobruja__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dobruja
trans_list: Dobrugia
sense:
A historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea.


lexentry: eng/Doctor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Doctor
trans_list: Dottor | Dottore
sense:
The title of an academic or medical doctor (a person who holds a doctorate); used before or instead of the doctor's name.


lexentry: eng/Don_Quixote__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Don Quixote
trans_list: Don Chisciotte
sense:
A famous 1605–1615 Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), whose full title is El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha (The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha).


lexentry: eng/Donald_Duck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donald Duck
trans_list: Paperino | Paolino Paperino
sense:
One of the Disney cartoon characters, an anthropomorphic white-feathered duck who usually wears a sailor suit and is known for his voice especially in tantrums.


lexentry: eng/Donatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donatism
trans_list: donatismo
sense:
(Christianity) An early Christian belief which maintained that apostate priests were incapable of administering the sacraments, as opposed to the orthodox view that any sacrament administered by a properly ordained priest or bishop is valid, regardless of how sinful he is or if he has converted to another religion.


lexentry: eng/Donetsk_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donetsk People's Republic
trans_list: Repubblica Popolare di Doneck
sense:
A Russian-backed, partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, on 7 April, 2014.


lexentry: eng/Donetsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donetsk
trans_list: Doneck
sense:
(city and raion) A city, administrative centre, and raion of Donetsk Oblast, in the Donbas region, in eastern Ukraine, on the Kalmius river.


lexentry: eng/Donohue_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donohue syndrome
trans_list: leprecaunismo | leprechaunismo | sindrome di Donohue
sense:
(genetic disorder) A rare, severe genetic disorder resulting in elfin facial features and an impaired insulin receptor.


lexentry: eng/Doppler_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Doppler effect
trans_list: effetto doppler | effetto Doppler
sense:
The apparent change in frequency or wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves.


lexentry: eng/Dorado__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dorado
trans_list: Dorado
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a goldfish or swordfish. It lies between the constellations Pictor and Reticulum, and is notable for containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud.


lexentry: eng/Dostoyevskian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dostoyevskian
trans_list: dostoevskiano
sense:
Of or relating to Fyodor Dostoyevsky (Russian: Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский; 1821–1881), Russian novelist and philosopher.


lexentry: eng/Down_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Down syndrome
trans_list: sindrome del Down
sense:
(neurology, chiefly, US, Australia, New Zealand) A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (a chromosomal excess), whereby the patients typically have a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, as well as a small head and tilted eyelids. [from 1961.]


lexentry: eng/Draco__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Draco
trans_list: Dragone
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dragon. It features a line of stars (including Thuban) that winds between Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.


lexentry: eng/Drin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Drin
trans_list: Drin
sense:
The longest river in Albania, flowing about 190 km across the north of the country from the confluence of the rivers Black Drin and White Drin near Kukës, west through the Fierza Reservoir then south through Lake Koman to the town of Vau i Dejës; it then splits into the Large Drin which flows into the river Buna at the Rozafa Castle near Shkodër and the Small Drin which flows into the Gulf of Drin southwest of Lezhë.


lexentry: eng/Drina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Drina
trans_list: Drina
sense:
A river that flows northward 160 miles along the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia to empty into the Sava River.


lexentry: eng/Duchy_of_Athens__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Duchy of Athens
trans_list: Ducato di Atene
sense:
(historical) A duchy, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, which was established in Greece in 1205 after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade.


lexentry: eng/Duchy_of_Naples__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Duchy of Naples
trans_list: Ducato di Napoli
sense:
(historical) A mediaeval duchy in southern Italy, established in the 7th century CE as the Byzantine outpost Ducatus Neapolitanus; especially from 661, when Emperor Constans II appointed Basil I of Naples as the new .


lexentry: eng/Duckburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Duckburg
trans_list: Paperopoli
sense:
A fictional city, located in the fictional US state of Calisota, that serves as the home of Donald Duck, his surrounding cast, and several other anthropomorphic animals.


lexentry: eng/Durkheimian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Durkheimian
trans_list: durkheimiano
sense:
Of or pertaining to David Émile Durkheim (1858-1917), French positivist sociologist commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science


lexentry: eng/Dutch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch
trans_list: olandese | neerlandese | neerlandesi | olandesi
sense:
(collective) The people of the Netherlands, or one of certain ethnic groups descending from the people of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Dutch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch
trans_list: olandese | nederlandese
sense:
The main language of the Netherlands, Flanders (i.e., the northern half of Belgium) and Suriname; Netherlandic.


lexentry: eng/Dutch_elm_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch elm disease
trans_list: grafiosi
sense:
(plant disease) A disease of elm trees caused by ascomycete fungi in the genus Ophiostoma and spread by bark beetles.


lexentry: eng/Dönmeh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dönmeh
trans_list: Dunmeh | Dönmeh
sense:
(historical) A group of crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire who, to avoid imprisonment after declaring arrival of the doomsday messiah, converted publicly to Islam, but retained their Jewish beliefs in secret.


lexentry: eng/E_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: E major
trans_list: Mi maggiore
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D♯, the key signature of which has four sharps.


lexentry: eng/Early_Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Early Middle Ages
trans_list: Alto Medioevo
sense:
(history) The period of the Middle Ages that followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, c. 500 to 1000 CE.


lexentry: eng/Earthling__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Earthling
trans_list: terrestre
sense:
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of Earth, as opposed to one of another planet; specifically, a sentient member of any species native to Earth. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/East_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Asia
trans_list: Asia orientale
sense:
The eastern part of Asia inclusive of China proper, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan and sometimes inclusive of Mongolia and Tibet and some or all of Southeast Asia and the Philippines.


lexentry: eng/East_China_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East China Sea
trans_list: Mar Cinese Orientale
sense:
A marginal sea east of China, south of the Korean Peninsula, west of the Ryukyu Islands, and north of Taiwan.


lexentry: eng/East_Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Germany
trans_list: Germania Est
sense:
(historical, 1949–1990) A former Communist country of Central Europe between 1949 and 1990, officially called the German Democratic Republic (GDR), capital East Berlin.


lexentry: eng/East_Indies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Indies
trans_list: Indie Orientali
sense:
Southeast Asia, especially Island Southeast Asia or Indonesia, but also including India, Indochina, Malaya and the Malay Archipelago, from the Philippines to Indonesia.


lexentry: eng/East_Midlands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Midlands
trans_list: Midlands Orientali
sense:
A district in the geographical centre of England, being the counties of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Rutland and Northamptonshire.


lexentry: eng/East_Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Prussia
trans_list: Prussia orientale
sense:
(historical) A historical province of Prussia and Germany, since WWII divided between Poland and Russia. A small part of the territory is part of Lithuania.


lexentry: eng/East_Siberian_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Siberian Sea
trans_list: mar della Siberia Orientale
sense:
A marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. This sea is bordering on the Laptev Sea in the West and the Chukchi Sea in the East.


lexentry: eng/East_Timor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Timor
trans_list: Timor Est | Timor Orientale
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor. Official name: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. Capital: Dili.


lexentry: eng/East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: East
trans_list: Levante | Oriente | levante | oriente
sense:
The Eastern world; the regions, primarily situated in the Eastern Hemisphere, whose culture is derived from Arabia, India, Persia or China.


lexentry: eng/Easter_Sunday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter Sunday
trans_list: Domenica di Pasqua
sense:
(Christianity) Easter Day, a Christian religious moveable holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.


lexentry: eng/Easter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter
trans_list: Pasqua
sense:
A Christian feast commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, celebrated on the first Sunday (and Monday) following the full moon that occurs on or next after the vernal equinox, ranging in most of Western Christianity (such as Protestantism and Roman Catholicism) from March 22 to April 25, and in Eastern Christianity (such as the Coptic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church) from April 4 to May 8.


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter egg
trans_list: uovo di Pasqua
sense:
A dyed or decorated egg, traditionally associated with Easter and, in the Western European tradition, sometimes hidden for children to find.


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Easter egg
trans_list: uovo di Pasqua
sense:
(computing, video games) An undocumented function hidden in a program or video game, typically triggered by a particular input sequence or combination of keystrokes. [from 1980s]


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Easter egg
trans_list: Easter egg
sense:
(by extension) Any image, feature, or other content that is hidden on a video disc or in a movie, trailer, or poster.


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg_hunt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter egg hunt
trans_list: caccia alle uova
sense:
A common festive activity held at Easter, where Easter eggs are hidden outdoors (or indoors if in bad weather) for children to run around and find; this may also be a contest to see who can collect the most eggs.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Armenian
trans_list: armeno orientale
sense:
One of the two standardized forms of the modern Armenian language, the other being Western Armenian. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and is the dialect spoken by Armenian diaspora in CIS countries and Iran. It developed in the 19th century in Russian Armenia.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Europe
trans_list: Europa orientale
sense:
A socio-politic geographical area of eastern Europe usually including the European countries to the east of Germany, Austria and Italy, and to the west of the Urals. However, a less common definition of the region excludes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Baltic states and some parts of the Balkans - placing them in Central Europe instead.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Hemisphere__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Hemisphere
trans_list: emisfero orientale
sense:
The hemisphere of the Earth to the east of the Greenwich Meridian (zero degree longitude) and west of 180 degrees longitude (approximately the International Date Line).


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Orthodox_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Orthodox Church
sense:
One of the major branches of Christianity; it comprises the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church and other patriarchates.

trans_list:
Chiesa cattolica ortodossa | Chiesa cristiana d'oriente | Chiesa ortodossa orientale | chiesa ortodossa


lexentry: eng/Echo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Echo
trans_list: Eco
sense:
(Greek mythology) An oread, punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others.


lexentry: eng/Eden__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eden
trans_list: Eden
sense:
(biblical) A garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Ediacaran__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ediacaran
trans_list: ediacarano
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Neoproterozoic era from about 620 to 542 million years ago. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Eiffel_Tower__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eiffel Tower
trans_list: torre Eiffel | Torre Eiffel
sense:
An iron tower built in 1889 on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris; a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.


lexentry: eng/Eileithyia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eileithyia
trans_list: Ilizia
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of childbirth and midwifery; the daughter of Zeus and Hera; the Greek counterpart of the Roman Lucina.


lexentry: eng/Einstein__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Einstein
trans_list: Einstein
sense:
Albert Einstein, the world-famous 20th-century theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity.


lexentry: eng/Einstein_ring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Einstein ring
trans_list: anello di Einstein
sense:
(astronomy) A ring-shaped gravitational mirage; an image of a distant light source, such as a galaxy, which has been distorted into a ring by a gravitational lens.


lexentry: eng/Einstein–de_Haas_effect__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Einstein–de Haas effect
trans_list: effetto Einstein-De Haas
sense:
(physics) A physical phenomenon in which a change in the magnetic moment of a free body causes the body to rotate, as a consequence of the conservation of angular momentum.


lexentry: eng/Ekavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ekavian
trans_list: ecavo
sense:
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /e/.


lexentry: eng/Elagabalus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Elagabalus
trans_list: Eliogabalo
sense:
(Ancient Rome) The Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (reigned 218–222), noted for eccentricity, femininity, decadence, and disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos.


lexentry: eng/Elba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elba
trans_list: Elba
sense:
An Italian island in the Tuscan Archipelago off the west coast of Italy, between the Italian coast and Corsica


lexentry: eng/Elbe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elbe
trans_list: Elba
sense:
A river in central Europe that passes through the Czech Republic and Germany before flowing into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Eleatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eleatic
trans_list: eleatico
sense:
Of or relating to a certain school in Elea of Ancient Greek philosophers who taught that reality is stable and unchanging and that real knowledge comes from reason rather than senses.


lexentry: eng/Elector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elector
trans_list: principe elettore
sense:
(historical) A German prince entitled to elect the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; a prince-elector.


lexentry: eng/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Electorate of the Palatinate
trans_list: Elettorato Palatinato
sense:
(historical) The County Palatinate of the Rhine, a historical state in the Holy Roman Empire, during the period when its count palatinate was an elector of the Holy Roman Empire (1356–1803).


lexentry: eng/Electra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Electra
trans_list: Elettra
sense:
(Greek mythology) Any of several mythical women, including a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, one of the Pleiades, and one of the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys.


lexentry: eng/Electra_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Electra complex
trans_list: complesso di Elettra
sense:
(psychoanalysis) The theory that a female's psychological development involves a sexual attachment to the father and jealousy of the mother.


lexentry: eng/Elis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Elis
trans_list: Elide
sense:
A regional unit of modern Greece in West Greece, corresponding to the area once ruled by the city-state.


lexentry: eng/Emajõgi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Emajõgi
trans_list: Emajõgi
sense:
A river in Estonia which flows from Lake Võrtsjärv through Tartu County into Lake Peipus, crossing the city of Tartu for 10 km. It has a length of 101 km.


lexentry: eng/Ember_day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ember day
trans_list: tempora
sense:
(Christianity) Any of the three days within the same week, four separate sets of which occur roughly equidistant in the circuit of the year, that are set aside for fasting and prayer. In Western Christianity they are usually the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday following the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsunday, Holy Cross Day (14 September), and Saint Lucy's Day (13 December).


lexentry: eng/Emesene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Emesene
trans_list: Emesene
sense:
(historical) A region in Syria along the middle and upper section of the Orontes river, between Epiphaneia to the north and Maurikiopolis to the south.


lexentry: eng/Emirate_of_Sicily__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Emirate of Sicily
trans_list: Emirato di Sicilia
sense:
(historical) A medieval Islamic state that ruled Sicily from 831 until falling to the Normans in 1091; specifically, the state ruled by the Kalbids, from 948 to 1091.


lexentry: eng/Empire_of_Japan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Empire of Japan
trans_list: Impero giapponese
sense:
(historical) Japan from the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (1890) until the enactment of the post-WWII Constitution of Japan (1947). Unofficially used for Japan from the end of the shogunate (1868) to the end of the World War II (1945).


lexentry: eng/Enchele__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Enchele
trans_list: Enchelea
sense:
(historical) A historical region in the Balkans inhabited by the Enchelei, now in Albania, North Macedonia and Greece.


lexentry: eng/Engadin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Engadin
trans_list: Engadina
sense:
A long valley in the Swiss Alps located in the canton of Grisons/Graubünden in southeast Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: England
trans_list: Inghilterra
sense:
The kingdom established in southeast Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927 and its various successor states, now the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom


lexentry: eng/English_Channel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English Channel
trans_list: La Manica | canale della Manica
sense:
The arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the British Isles from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/English__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: English
trans_list: inglese
sense:
(uncountable) Facility with the English language, ability to employ English correctly and idiomatically.


lexentry: eng/English__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: English
trans_list: silvio
sense:
(printing, dated) A size of type between pica (12 point) and great primer (18 point), standardized as 14-point.


lexentry: eng/English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English
trans_list: inglese
sense:
The language originating in England but now spoken in all parts of the British Isles, the Commonwealth of Nations, North America, and other parts of the world.


lexentry: eng/English_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English studies
trans_list: anglistica
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the English language, English linguistics, and English sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Englishman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Englishman
trans_list: inglese
sense:
A native or inhabitant of England; a man who is English by ancestry, birth, descent, or naturalisation. [from 7th c.]


lexentry: eng/Englishwoman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Englishwoman
trans_list: inglese
sense:
A female native or inhabitant of England; a woman who is English by birth, descent or naturalisation.


lexentry: eng/Enlightenment__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Enlightenment
trans_list: illuminismo
sense:
A 17th- and 18th-century philosophical movement in European history; the Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason emphasizing rationalism.


lexentry: eng/Enyo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Enyo
trans_list: Enio
sense:
(Greek god) Goddess of violent war, acting as a counterpart and companion to the war god Ares. Identified with Bellona in Roman mythology.


lexentry: eng/Eos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eos
trans_list: Eos
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the dawn; daughter of Hyperion and Theia, sister of Helios and Selene, wife of Astraeus (god of the dusk), and mother of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets"). Her Roman counterpart is Aurora.


lexentry: eng/Ephesians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ephesians
trans_list: Efesini
sense:
(biblical) The tenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Ephesus which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Epicureanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Epicureanism
trans_list: epicureismo
sense:
(sometimes, _, proscribed) Synonym of hedonism, general pursuit of pleasure, particularly refined and knowledgeable enjoyment of good food, drink, and similar sensual pleasures.


lexentry: eng/Epimetheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Epimetheus
trans_list: Epimeteo
sense:
(Greek mythology) Son of Iapetus and Clymene, brother to Atlas, Menoetius and Prometheus, of whom he ignored warnings to beware of any gifts from Zeus. He accepted Pandora as his wife, thereby bringing sorrow to the world; father to Pyrrha.


lexentry: eng/Epirus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Epirus
trans_list: Epiro
sense:
(historical) A larger historical kingdom in roughly the same region, widely extended by the Greek general and king Pyrrhus during the early Hellenistic period.


lexentry: eng/Epirus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Epirus
trans_list: Epiro
sense:
A region in northwest Greece; one of the thirteen peripheries (administrative regions) of modern Greece.


lexentry: eng/Epona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Epona
trans_list: Epona
sense:
(mythology) In Gallo-Roman religion, a goddess of fertility and protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules.


lexentry: eng/Equatorial_Guinean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Equatorial Guinean
trans_list: equatoguineano
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to Equatorial Guinea, the Equatorial Guinean people or the Equatorial Guinean culture.


lexentry: eng/Equuleus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Equuleus
trans_list: Cavallino
sense:
(constellation) The second smallest constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a little horse. It lies west of the constellation Aquarius.


lexentry: eng/Erasmus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erasmus
trans_list: Erasmo da Rotterdam
sense:
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam), a Dutch humanist and theologian.


lexentry: eng/Erinyes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erinyes
trans_list: Erinni
sense:
(Greek god) The Furies; the goddesses of vengeance against serious moral offence (such as oath-breaking), latterly known as protectors of Athens, of pre-Olympian origin and variously described as having sprung from the spilled blood of Uranus or as daughters of Nyx; identified with the Roman Dirae.


lexentry: eng/Eris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eris
trans_list: Eris | Eride
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;(religion, Discordianism) the same figure as principal deity of Discordianism, regarded as the goddess of disorder.


lexentry: eng/Eris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Eris
trans_list: Eris
sense:
(astronomy) The celestial body 136199 Eris, the most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the largest known object in the scattered disk; formerly nicknamed Xena.


lexentry: eng/Erlenmeyer_flask__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erlenmeyer flask
trans_list: beuta | matraccio di Erlenmeyer
sense:
(chemistry) A glass laboratory flask of a conical profile with a narrow tubular neck and a flat bottom, used to manipulate solutions or carry out titrations.


lexentry: eng/Eros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eros
trans_list: Eros
sense:
(Greek god) The god of love and sexual desire; son of either Erebus and Nyx or Aphrodite and Ares. His Roman counterpart is Cupid.


lexentry: eng/Erzya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erzya
trans_list: erzya
sense:
A Finno-Ugric language spoken primarily in the Volga region of Russia, but is also spoken in Azerbaijan, Estonia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Eskimo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eskimo
trans_list: eschimesi
sense:
(dated, sometimes, offensive) A group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik.


lexentry: eng/Esperantist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Esperantist
trans_list: esperantista | esperantofono | esperantofona
sense:
A specialist or speaker of Esperanto, the international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof.


lexentry: eng/Esperanto__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Esperanto
trans_list: esperanto
sense:
An international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof with a base vocabulary inspired by Indo-European languages such as English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Russian, and having a streamlined grammar with completely regular conjugations, declensions, and inflections.


lexentry: eng/Estonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Estonia
trans_list: Estonia
sense:
A country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Official name: Republic of Estonia.


lexentry: eng/Eswatini__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eswatini
trans_list: eSwatini
sense:
A country in Southern Africa, formerly called Swaziland. Official name: Kingdom of Eswatini. Capitals: Mbabane and Lobamba.


lexentry: eng/Ethelred__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ethelred
trans_list: Etelredo
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Ethelred I, King of Wessex between 865 and his death in 871


lexentry: eng/Ethelred__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ethelred
trans_list: Etelredo
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Ethelred II “the Unready”, King of the English between 978 and his death in 1016


lexentry: eng/Etruria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Etruria
trans_list: Etruria
sense:
(historical) An ancient country in Italian Peninsula, located between the Arno and Tiber rivers, corresponding to modern day Tuscany in Western Italy; the home of Etruscans.


lexentry: eng/Etruscan_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Etruscan bear
trans_list: orso etrusco
sense:
An extinct species of bear, †Ursus etruscus, endemic to Europe, Asia and North Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (approximately 5.3 million to 100,000 years ago).


lexentry: eng/Eucharist__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Eucharist
trans_list: eucaristia
sense:
The substances received during this sacrament, namely the bread and wine, seen as Christ’s body and blood.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean
trans_list: euclideo
sense:
(geometry) Adhering to the principles of traditional geometry, in which parallel lines are equidistant.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_algorithm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Euclidean algorithm
trans_list: algoritmo di Euclide
sense:
(arithmetic, number theory) Specifically, a method, based on a division algorithm, for finding the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two given integers; any of certain variations or generalisations of said method.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_distance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean distance
trans_list: distanza euclidea
sense:
(geometry) The distance between two points defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the points; for example, in two-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the Euclidean distance between two points a = (ax, ay) and b = (bx, by) is defined as: d(\textbf{a}, \textbf{b}) = \sqrt{(\textbf{a}_x - \textbf{b}_x)^2 + (\textbf{a}_y - \textbf{b}_y)^2}


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean geometry
trans_list: geometria euclidea
sense:
(geometry) The familiar geometry of the real world, based on the postulate that through any two points there is exactly one straight line.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean space
trans_list: spazio euclideo
sense:
Ordinary n-dimensional space, characterized by an infinite extent along each dimension and a constant distance between any pair of parallel lines.


lexentry: eng/Eudaimonia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eudaimonia
trans_list: eudemonia
sense:
(ethics) In Aristotelian ethics, a condition of living a life of the highest virtue; the state of human flourishing, which is desirable in and of itself, rather than as a means towards some other end.


lexentry: eng/Euhemerus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euhemerus
trans_list: Evemero
sense:
(historical) An ancient Greek Sicilian Skeptic philosopher, famed for a lost work proposing most or all mythology derived from historical figures and natural events which became supernatural only through retelling.


lexentry: eng/Euler's_formula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Euler's formula
trans_list: formula di Eulero
sense:
(differential geometry) Formula which calculates the normal curvature of an arbitrary direction in the tangent plane in terms of the principal curvatures \kappa_1 and \kappa_2 and the angle \theta which that direction makes with the first principal direction:


lexentry: eng/Euler-Mascheroni_constant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euler-Mascheroni constant
trans_list: costante di Eulero-Mascheroni
sense:
(math) A constant, denoted γ and recurring in analysis and number theory, that is defined as the limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm and has the approximate value 0.57721566.


lexentry: eng/Euler_angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euler angle
trans_list: angolo di Eulero
sense:
(geometry) Any one of three angles which together describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed three-dimensional coordinate system, according to a formalism introduced by Leonhard Euler.


lexentry: eng/Eumolpus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eumolpus
trans_list: Eumolpo
sense:
(Greek mythology) The son of Poseidon and Chione, who became one of the first priests of Demeter and one of the founders of the Eleusinian Mysteries.


lexentry: eng/Euphrates__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euphrates
trans_list: Eufrate
sense:
A river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf. It forms the Western edge of classical Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Eurafrican__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurafrican
trans_list: eurafricano
sense:
Of or relating to the continents of, or countries in, both Europe and Africa; having both European and African characteristics.


lexentry: eng/Eurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurasia
trans_list: Eurasia
sense:
The largest and most populous landmass on Earth, consisting of Europe and Asia; sometimes also including neighboring islands. [1881]


lexentry: eng/Eurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Eurasia
trans_list: Eurasia
sense:
A region comprising parts of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia; the countries of the former Soviet Union and the sphere of influence of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Eurasian_jay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurasian jay
trans_list: ghiandaia
sense:
A widespread species of jay, usually crested and with pinkish-brown plumage and a harsh screech (Garrulus glandarius).


lexentry: eng/Euripides__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euripides
trans_list: Euripide
sense:
A Greek tragedian (c. 480–406 B.C.E.); Euripides was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens.


lexentry: eng/Euro-American__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Euro-American
trans_list: euroamericano
sense:
Of that group of Americans (natives or inhabitants of America) who are descended from European settlers, or of their culture, etc (contrasted with e.g. Native American/Amerindian)


lexentry: eng/Eurocentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocentrism
trans_list: eurocentrismo
sense:
The practice of viewing the world from a European perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of European culture.


lexentry: eng/Eurocommunism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocommunism
trans_list: eurocomunismo
sense:
An ideological trend within various Western European communist parties in the 1970s and 1980s; a form of communism less aligned with Soviet communism and allegedly more relevant to Western European social conditions.


lexentry: eng/Eurocrat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocrat
trans_list: eurocrate
sense:
(slang, derogatory) An employee or minister of the European Union, typically working in Brussels or Strasbourg.


lexentry: eng/Eurodollar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurodollar
trans_list: eurodollaro
sense:
(economics) A deposit, in US dollars, held in a bank outside of the United States (no longer necessarily in Europe)


lexentry: eng/Eurogroup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurogroup
trans_list: eurogruppo
sense:
(European politics) The informal body composed of the finance ministers of the countries in the Eurozone.


lexentry: eng/Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Europe
trans_list: Europa
sense:
The portion of Eurasia west of the Urals, traditionally considered a continent in its own right, located north of Africa, west of Asia and east of the Atlantic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/European_Central_Bank__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Central Bank
trans_list: Banca Centrale Europea
sense:
The Central bank for the European Union, administering the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states.


lexentry: eng/European_Council__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Council
trans_list: Consiglio europeo
sense:
an institution of the European Union (EU) charged with defining the EU's overall political direction and priorities, that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission


lexentry: eng/European_Union__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Union
trans_list: Unione Europea | Unione europea
sense:
A supranational organisation, consisting of 27 member states, created in the 1950s to bring the nations of Europe into closer economic and political connection.


lexentry: eng/European_bitterling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European bitterling
trans_list: rodeo
sense:
A fish of species Rhodeus amarus, originating in Europe, ranging from the Rhone River basin in France to the Neva River in Russia.


lexentry: eng/European_herring_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European herring gull
trans_list: gabbiano reale nordico
sense:
A common, large seagull, Larus argentatus, having a white and gray body and a yellow bill with a red spot and found in the coastal areas of Europe.


lexentry: eng/European_polecat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European polecat
trans_list: puzzola
sense:
Mustela putorius, related to mink and weasels, native to Europe and parts of Asia, and from which certain of the animals called ferrets have been domesticated.


lexentry: eng/European_rabbit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European rabbit
trans_list: coniglio
sense:
An animal of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus, native to southwestern Europe and northwest Africa, introduced and invasive elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/European_seabass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European seabass
trans_list: branzino | rango | spigola
sense:
A highly appreciated marine food fish found in the coastal waters of eastern Atlantic from Cape Verde to southern Norway and in the Mediterranean, (Dicentrarchus labrax).


lexentry: eng/European_shag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European shag
trans_list: marangone dal ciuffo
sense:
Gulosus aristotelis (syn. Phalacrocorax aristotelis), a member of the Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant) family of seabirds.


lexentry: eng/European_spider_crab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European spider crab
trans_list: granceola
sense:
A species of migratory crab, Maja squinado, found in the north-east Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.


lexentry: eng/Europeanisation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Europeanisation
trans_list: europeizzazione
sense:
The process whereby the people and institutions of the countries of the European Union become more European and less national.


lexentry: eng/Europop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Europop
trans_list: europop
sense:
A style of continental European pop music from the 1970s and 1980s characterized by catchy beats, slick songs and frothy lyrics.


lexentry: eng/Eurosceptic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurosceptic
trans_list: euroscettica | euroscettico
sense:
(UK form) One who is sceptical of European integration, such as the EEC, the EC, the EP, the EU, the Euro, etc.


lexentry: eng/Euroscepticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euroscepticism
trans_list: euroscetticismo
sense:
Opposition to or scepticism of increasing European integration, such as the EEC, the EC, the EP, the EU, the Euro.


lexentry: eng/Eurovision__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurovision
trans_list: Eurovision | Eurovisione
sense:
A European broadcasting system, created by the European Broadcasting Union, that produces the Eurovision Song Contest and related programmes.


lexentry: eng/Eurystheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurystheus
trans_list: Euristeo
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Mycenaean king of Tiryns (or, according to some authors, of Argos), in Argolis, who imposed the twelve labours on Heracles.


lexentry: eng/Eustachian_tube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eustachian tube
trans_list: tuba di Eustachio
sense:
(anatomy) In humans and other land vertebrates, a tube that links the nasopharynx to the cavity of the middle ear to allow the equalization of the pressure on both sides of the eardrum.


lexentry: eng/Evangelist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Evangelist
trans_list: Vangelista
sense:
(biblical) A writer of a gospel, especially the four New Testament Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), (also evangelist.)


lexentry: eng/Exodus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Exodus
trans_list: Esodo
sense:
(book of the bible) The second of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second book in the Torah describing the Exodus.


lexentry: eng/F-sharp_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: F-sharp major
trans_list: Fa diesis maggiore
sense:
(music) a musical key with the notes F♯, G♯, A♯, B, C♯, D♯, and E♯, the key signature of which has 6 sharps


lexentry: eng/FUBAR__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FUBAR
trans_list: fottuto
sense:
(slang) Fucked up (or, bowdlerized, fouled up) beyond all recognition (or beyond all repair, or beyond all reason, or beyond any recovery).


lexentry: eng/Fabian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Fabian
trans_list: fabiano
sense:
(political) Advocating that social reforms be reached through a series of gradual and moderate stages rather than sudden revolution; specifically, relating to the Fabian Society, a British socialist society advocating reformist socialism.


lexentry: eng/Falernian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Falernian
trans_list: falerno
sense:
A wine produced from Aglianico grapes on the slopes of Mount Falernus, much esteemed in Ancient Rome.


lexentry: eng/Falklands_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Falklands War
trans_list: guerra delle Falkland
sense:
A conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom over sovereignty of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands), waged between March and June of 1982.


lexentry: eng/Fall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fall
trans_list: caduta
sense:
(theology) The sudden fall of humanity into a state of sin, as brought about by the transgression of Adam and Eve. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/Fallopian_tube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fallopian tube
trans_list: tuba di Falloppio
sense:
(anatomy) Either of the two ducts in female mammals through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus.


lexentry: eng/Far_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Far East
trans_list: Estremo Oriente
sense:
(dated) East Asia (Korea, Japan, China, the Russian Far East, etc.), and Southeast Asia, taken as a whole.


lexentry: eng/Faroe_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faroe Islands
trans_list: Fær Øer | isole Fær Øer
sense:
an archipelago in the north Atlantic Ocean between Scotland and Iceland; a self-governing dependent territory of Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Faroese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faroese
trans_list: faroese | faringio | faroense | faroico | feringio
sense:
(uncountable) The language of the Faroe Islands, closely related to Icelandic, and more distantly to Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Fata_Morgana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fata Morgana
trans_list: fata morgana | fatamorgana
sense:
A form of mirage seen just above the horizon, caused by a temperature inversion in the atmosphere, in which multiple upright and inverted images of a distant object appear to be stacked on top of each other in a highly distorted fashion; especially one seen at sea, and particularly in the Strait of Messina.


lexentry: eng/Father's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Father's Day
trans_list: festa del papà
sense:
A holiday in celebration of fatherhood, or to honor fathers, celebrated on the third Sunday of June in most of the world's countries. See Wikipedia:Father's Day:Dates.


lexentry: eng/Faustian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faustian
trans_list: faustiano
sense:
Of or pertaining to Faust, especially in the sense of being willing to abandon one's principles or values in order to pursue knowledge, wealth or other benefits.


lexentry: eng/Faustian_bargain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faustian bargain
trans_list: patto col diavolo
sense:
(idiomatic) An agreement in which a person abandons his or her spiritual values or moral principles in order to obtain knowledge, wealth or other benefits.


lexentry: eng/February__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: February
trans_list: febbraio
sense:
The short month following January and preceding March in the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, used in all three calendars for intercalation or addition of leap days.


lexentry: eng/Federated_States_of_Micronesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Federated States of Micronesia
trans_list: Stati Federati di Micronesia
sense:
The official name of Micronesia, a country consisting of about 600 islands in Oceania. Capital: Palikir.


lexentry: eng/Fennoscandia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fennoscandia
trans_list: Fennoscandia
sense:
A pensinula in Northern Europe, comprising, besides the Scandinavian Peninsula, also Finland, the Kola Peninsula and Karelia (and sometimes also including Denmark, although it is not part of the Scandinavian Peninsula).


lexentry: eng/Fenrir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fenrir
trans_list: Fenrir
sense:
(Norse mythology) A monstrous wolf, one of Loki's offspring, who bites off Tyr's right hand while being bound by the gods in fear of a prophecy that he will kill Odin, remaining so bound until the events of Ragnarok.


lexentry: eng/Feodosia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Feodosia
trans_list: Feodosia | Teodosia
sense:
A port and resort city and raion in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia.


lexentry: eng/Fermat's_Last_Theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fermat's Last Theorem
trans_list: ultimo teorema di Fermat
sense:
(number theory) The theorem that the Diophantine equation a^n + b^n = c^n has no solutions for positive integers a, b, c, n, where n > 2.


lexentry: eng/Fermat's_little_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fermat's little theorem
trans_list: piccolo teorema di Fermat
sense:
(number theory) The theorem that, for any prime number p and integer a, a^p - a is an integer multiple of p.


lexentry: eng/Ferris_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ferris wheel
trans_list: ruota panoramica
sense:
An amusement ride, consisting of an upright rotating wheel having seats that remain in a horizontal position as the wheel revolves.


lexentry: eng/Fertile_Crescent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fertile Crescent
trans_list: Mezzaluna Fertile
sense:
(historical) A crescent-shaped strip of fertile land stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey and down the Syrian and Israeli coasts.


lexentry: eng/Feynman_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Feynman diagram
trans_list: diagramma di Feynman
sense:
(physics) A pictorial representation of the interactions of subatomic particles, showing their paths in space and time as lines, and their interactions as points where lines meet.


lexentry: eng/Fibonacci_sequence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fibonacci sequence
trans_list: successione di Fibonacci
sense:
(mathematics) The sequence of integers, each of which is the sum of the preceding two, the first and second numbers both being 1.


lexentry: eng/Fier__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fier
trans_list: Fier
sense:
A city and municipality in southwestern Albania, located east of the Adriatic Sea on the river Gjanica, just south of its confluence with the river Seman; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


lexentry: eng/Fiji__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fiji
trans_list: Figi
sense:
A country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania. Capital and largest city: Suva.


lexentry: eng/Fijian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fijian
trans_list: figiano
sense:
an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken on Fiji. It has 650,000 speakers, including second language users.


lexentry: eng/Finland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finland
trans_list: Finlandia
sense:
A Nordic country having borders with Sweden, Norway and Russia in Europe. Official name: Republic of Finland.


lexentry: eng/Finlandization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finlandization
trans_list: finlandizzazione
sense:
(politics) The process by which a smaller or less powerful sovereign state comes to abide by a more powerful neighbor's foreign policy rules, while retaining its independence.


lexentry: eng/Finn__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Finn
trans_list: finnico | finlandese
sense:
A member of another Finnic nationality, such as (more narrowly) a Baltic Finn such as a Karelian or Estonian, or (more broadly) a Volga Finn or Perm Finn.


lexentry: eng/Finnic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Finnic
trans_list: finlandese
sense:
(dated) Of the hypothetical Finno-Volgaic subgrouping of the Uralic languages that includes the Baltic-Finnic, Sami, Mordvinic and Mari languages.


lexentry: eng/Finnish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finnish
trans_list: finlandese | finnico
sense:
The Finno-Ugric language spoken by the majority of the people living in Finland, one of the two official languages of the country (the other is Swedish).


lexentry: eng/Fiordland_penguin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fiordland penguin
trans_list: pinguino del Fiordland
sense:
A species of crested penguin, Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, with distinctive blue-grey upperparts, which breed on the Fiordland coast and on nearby islands.


lexentry: eng/First_Communion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First Communion
trans_list: prima comunione
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) The first time that a person, usually a child, receives the sacrament of Communion.


lexentry: eng/First_Communion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: First Communion
trans_list: prima comunione
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) The celebration of the former, consisting of a solemn mass and generally a following private party.


lexentry: eng/First_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First World
trans_list: ovest
sense:
(historical, politics) Those countries aligned with the West during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the East (Second World).


lexentry: eng/Flanders__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Flanders
trans_list: Fiandre
sense:
Ellipsis of French Flanders, a former province of France, now constituting the French department Nord.


lexentry: eng/Flaubertian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flaubertian
trans_list: flaubertiano | flobertiano
sense:
Of or relating to Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880), influential French novelist in the style of literary realism.


lexentry: eng/Flemish__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flemish
trans_list: fiammingo
sense:
Of or relating to Flanders, either as the historical county of Flanders (the current provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders in Belgium, Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands and French Flanders); or as the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.


lexentry: eng/Flora__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flora
trans_list: Flora
sense:
(Roman god) the goddess of flowers, nature and spring; she is also the wife of Favonius and the mother of Karpos. She is the Roman counterpart of Chloris.


lexentry: eng/Florida_panther__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Florida panther
trans_list: pantera della Florida
sense:
Puma concolor cougar, an endangered cougar that lives in forests and swamps of southern Florida in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Floréal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Floréal
trans_list: fiorile | floreale
sense:
(historical) The eighth month of the French Republican Calendar, from April 20 or 21 to May 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Flying_Dutchman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flying Dutchman
trans_list: Olandese Volante
sense:
(nautical, _, folklore) A mythical Dutch-flagged ghost clipper that is very fast sailing, and never makes it to port, seen on the high seas, where upon being hailed, occupants request information on persons long dead, or leave messages for said people. In European naval folklore, it was considered to portend bad luck.


lexentry: eng/Flying_Fortress__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flying Fortress
trans_list: Fortezza Volante
sense:
(informal) The Boeing B-17, a United States WWII heavy bomber, based upon a reputation for toughness and reliability, as well as its relatively heavy defensive armament at the expense of bombload.


lexentry: eng/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flying Spaghetti Monster
trans_list: Mostro di spaghetti volante
sense:
(humorous) A deity consisting of spaghetti and meatballs, the creator of the universe according to the religion of Pastafarianism.


lexentry: eng/Fomalhaut__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fomalhaut
trans_list: Fomalhaut
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Piscis Austrinus and one of the brightest stars in the night sky; Alpha (α) Piscis Austrini.


lexentry: eng/Fomorian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fomorian
trans_list: Fomoro
sense:
(Irish mythology) A member of the semi-divine race that were said to have inhabited Ireland in ancient times.


lexentry: eng/Fordism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fordism
trans_list: fordismo
sense:
An economic and social system based on industrial mass production, where the worker is paid relatively high wages in order to buy in large quantity the products turned out in mass production.


lexentry: eng/Fornax__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fornax
trans_list: Fornace
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a furnace. It lies near the constellation Eridanus.


lexentry: eng/Fosbury_flop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fosbury flop
trans_list: fosbury
sense:
(athletics) A high jump in which the jumper leaps backward and arches the back over the bar, thereby lowering the jumper's center of gravity below the body while it is aloft.


lexentry: eng/Foucault's_pendulum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Foucault's pendulum
trans_list: pendolo di Foucault
sense:
A pendulum on a long wire, free to move in any direction; the plane of its motion appears to turn (clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) as the world turns beneath it.


lexentry: eng/Fountain_of_Youth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fountain of Youth
trans_list: fonte della giovinezza
sense:
(mythology) A legendary spring of water with the magical property of restoring youth and health to those who bathe or drink from it.


lexentry: eng/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
trans_list: Cavalieri dell'Apocalisse
sense:
(biblical) Four beings in Revelation 6:1–8 that bring about the Apocalypse, each embodied as a horseman riding a different-colored horse that represents a different aspect of the Apocalypse.


lexentry: eng/Fourier_series__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fourier series
trans_list: serie di Fourier
sense:
(mathematics, analysis) Any series resulting from the decomposition of a periodic function into terms involving cosines and sines (or, equivalently, complex exponentials).


lexentry: eng/Fourier_transform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fourier transform
trans_list: trasformata di Fourier
sense:
(analysis, harmonic analysis, physics, electrical engineering) A particular integral transform that when applied to a function of time (such as a signal), converts the function to one that plots the original function's frequency composition; the resultant function of such a conversion.


lexentry: eng/Francoism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Francoism
trans_list: franchismo
sense:
(historical) The period of history in Spain under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, from 1936/1939 to 1975.


lexentry: eng/Franconia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Franconia
trans_list: Franconia
sense:
A region of Germany, comprising the northern area of modern Bavaria and lands to its immediate west.


lexentry: eng/Frank__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frank
trans_list: franco
sense:
One of the Franks, a Germanic federation that inhabited parts of what are now France, the Low Countries and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Franklin's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Franklin's gull
trans_list: gabbiano di Franklin
sense:
A migratory gull that breeds in the Northern Hemisphere and winters in the Southern Hemisphere; Leucophaeus pipixcan.


lexentry: eng/FreeCell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FreeCell
trans_list: FreeCell
sense:
A solitaire card game, similar to Klondike but with the addition of cells where one card can be placed at a time.


lexentry: eng/Free_City_of_Danzig__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Free City of Danzig
trans_list: Libera Città di Danzica
sense:
(historical) A sovereign state at the Baltic Sea between the World Wars I and II, encompassing the city of Danzig


lexentry: eng/Freemason__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freemason
trans_list: franco muratore | libero muratore | massone
sense:
A member of the Free and Accepted Masons (sometimes entitled Ancient Free and Accepted Masons), an international fraternal and charitable organization.


lexentry: eng/French_Academy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Academy
trans_list: Accademia francese
sense:
An academy dedicated to the perfection of the French language and standards of usage, founded in the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/French_Defence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Defence
trans_list: difesa francese
sense:
A chess opening characterized by the moves 1.e4 e6, in which the white king's pawn advances two squares and the black king's pawn advance one square.


lexentry: eng/French_Guiana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Guiana
trans_list: Guyana francese | Guiana francese
sense:
An overseas department and administrative region of France in South America. Official name: Department of French Guiana.


lexentry: eng/French_Indochina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Indochina
trans_list: Indocina francese
sense:
A former part of the French colonial empire in Indochina in southeast Asia, consisting of the current territories of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.


lexentry: eng/French_Polynesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Polynesia
trans_list: Polinesia francese
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of French Polynesia.


lexentry: eng/French_Revolution__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Revolution
trans_list: rivoluzione francese
sense:
A period in France of radical social and political upheaval which saw the country change from a monarchy to a republic (1789–1799).


lexentry: eng/French_Sign_Language__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Sign Language
trans_list: lingua dei segni francese
sense:
A dactylological sign language used in seven different countries, based on Old French Sign Language. ISO 639-3 code: fsl.


lexentry: eng/French__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French
trans_list: francese
sense:
(chiefly, _, uncountable) The language of France, shared by the neighboring countries Belgium, Monaco, and Switzerland and by former French colonies around the world.


lexentry: eng/French_drop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French drop
trans_list: tornello
sense:
(magic) A sleight of hand technique by which a magician appears to pass an object from one hand to the other while in fact keeping it in the original hand.


lexentry: eng/French_paradox__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French paradox
trans_list: paradosso francese
sense:
The observation that the French suffer a relatively low incidence of coronary heart disease, despite having a diet relatively rich in saturated fats.


lexentry: eng/Frenchy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frenchy
trans_list: mangiarane
sense:
(slang, sometimes, derogatory) A native or resident of France, or a francophone, or a person of French lineage.


lexentry: eng/Freudian_slip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freudian slip
trans_list: atto mancato | lapsus | lapsus freudiano
sense:
(psychology) A mistake in speech or action in which a person supposedly shows their true subconscious desires.


lexentry: eng/Freudianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freudianism
trans_list: freudismo
sense:
(psychology, psychoanalysis) Freudian beliefs and practices, particularly the mechanism of psychological repression, the centrality of sexual desire to the development of the persona, and the efficacy of the "talking cure" or psychoanalytic technique.


lexentry: eng/Friday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Friday
trans_list: venerdì
sense:
The sixth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fifth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Muslim “Sabbath”; it follows Thursday and precedes Saturday.


lexentry: eng/Frigg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frigg
trans_list: Frigg
sense:
(Germanic mythology, Norse mythology) The wife of Odin, and the Norse/Germanic goddess of married love, the heavens, home and hearth, after whom Friday is named (due to her being identified with Venus).


lexentry: eng/Frimaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frimaire
trans_list: frimaio | frimale
sense:
(historical) The third month of the French Republican Calendar, from November 21, 22 or 23 to December 20, 21 or 22.


lexentry: eng/Frisia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisia
trans_list: Frisia
sense:
(historical) A coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea in what today is mostly a large part of the Netherlands (including present-day Frisia (see below)) and smaller parts of northern Germany (including present-day East Frisia). It is the traditional homeland of the Frisians.


lexentry: eng/Frisian_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisian Islands
trans_list: Isole Frisone
sense:
An archipelago in the eastern North Sea, off the coasts of mainland Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Frisian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisian
trans_list: frisone
sense:
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).


lexentry: eng/Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisian
trans_list: frisone
sense:
A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Frobenius_endomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frobenius endomorphism
trans_list: endomorfismo di Frobenius
sense:
(algebra, commutative algebra, field theory) Given a commutative ring R with prime characteristic p, the endomorphism that maps x → x p for all x ∈ R.


lexentry: eng/Fructidor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fructidor
trans_list: fruttidoro
sense:
(historical) The twelfth and final month of the French Republican Calendar, from August 18 or 19 to September 16 or 17.


lexentry: eng/Fusha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fusha
trans_list: fusha
sense:
Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, taken together: "standard" Arabic, used in religious texts, in writing, and in formal speech, as opposed to the regional "dialects" used for most daily communication.


lexentry: eng/GPS_receiver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: GPS receiver
trans_list: navigatore satellitare
sense:
An audiovisual device, fitted to a civilian road vehicle, that uses the military Global Positioning System (U.S. Navstar system) as an aid to navigation.


lexentry: eng/G_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: G major
trans_list: sol maggiore
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes G, A, B, C, D, E, F♯, the key signature of which has one sharp.


lexentry: eng/Gaelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaelic
trans_list: gaelico
sense:
Of or relating to the Gaels, the Goidel peoples of Scotland and Ireland, and the Manx, or their languages.


lexentry: eng/Gaelic_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaelic football
trans_list: calcio gaelico | football gaelico
sense:
An Irish form of football played by two teams of 15 players each, who score by kicking or punching a ball into the opposing team's goal or over a crossbar and between two upright posts above the goal.


lexentry: eng/Gaia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gaia
trans_list: Gaia
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend.


lexentry: eng/Galapagos_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galapagos Islands
trans_list: Galapagos
sense:
An archipelago off the coast of Ecuador, in the Pacific Ocean, famed for their influence on Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.


lexentry: eng/Galapagos_sea_lion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galapagos sea lion
trans_list: leone marino delle Galapagos
sense:
A small species of sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki (though sometimes considered a subspecies of the Californian sea lion), that breeds in the Galápagos islands.


lexentry: eng/Galatians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galatians
trans_list: Galati
sense:
(biblical) The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians.


lexentry: eng/Galego__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galego
trans_list: gallego
sense:
A language spoken in the region of Galicia in the Northwestern corner of the Spanish peninsula and which is related to Portuguese. It is believed to be the parent language of Portuguese and shares many similarities with it, but typically uses Spanish orthography.


lexentry: eng/Galician__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Galician
trans_list: gallego | galiziano
sense:
(uncountable) The language of Galicia; a Romance language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Iberian peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Galilean__Adjective__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galilean
trans_list: galileiana | galileiano
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher Galileo Galilei.


lexentry: eng/Galileo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galileo
trans_list: Galilea
sense:
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), an Italian thinker and key figure in the scientific revolution who improved the telescope, made astronomical observations, and put forward the basic principle of relativity in physics.


lexentry: eng/Gallicanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gallicanism
trans_list: gallicanismo
sense:
(historical, chiefly, Roman Catholicism) The doctrine that the church of France is autonomous, especially in relation to the pope; also, the intellectual movement in support of this doctrine and the policies expressing it.


lexentry: eng/Gallo-Roman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gallo-Roman
trans_list: gallo-romano
sense:
(historical) A Romanized Gaul, i.e. a Gaulish person who adopted or adapted the culture, language etc. of the Roman Empire following the establishment of Roman rule in the region of Gaul.


lexentry: eng/Gallurese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gallurese
trans_list: gallurese
sense:
A Romance language or dialect, transitional between Corsican and Sardinian, spoken in the historical region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia.


lexentry: eng/Galois_extension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galois extension
trans_list: estensione di Galois
sense:
(algebra, Galois theory) An algebraic extension that is both a normal and a separable extension; equivalently, an algebraic extension E/F such that the fixed field of its automorphism group (Galois group) Aut(E/F) is the base field F.


lexentry: eng/Galois_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galois theory
trans_list: teoria di Galois
sense:
(algebra, field theory) The branch of mathematics dealing with Galois groups, Galois fields, and polynomial equations. It provides a link between field theory and group theory: it permits certain problems in the former to be reduced to the latter, which in some respects is simpler and better understood.


lexentry: eng/Ganymede__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ganymede
trans_list: Ganimede
sense:
(Greek god) A Trojan boy who was abducted (either by Zeus or Eos), and ultimately became immortal in order to be Zeus' cupbearer.


lexentry: eng/Garamantes__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Garamantes
trans_list: Garamanti
sense:
(historical) An ancient Saharan people who used an elaborate underground irrigation system, and founded a prosperous Berber kingdom in what is modern-day Libya.


lexentry: eng/Garden_of_Eden__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Garden of Eden
trans_list: giardino dell'Eden
sense:
(Abrahamic religions) In the Book of Genesis of the Bible and Surat Sad of the Qur'an, a garden at the source of the Gihon, Pishon, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers, where Adam and Eve first lived after being created.


lexentry: eng/Gaugamela__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaugamela
trans_list: Gaugamela
sense:
(historical) a village in Assyria, where in 331 BC Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III


lexentry: eng/Gaul__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaul
trans_list: Gallia
sense:
(chiefly, historic) A historical region roughly corresponding to modern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, and parts of Northern Italy (Lombardy), the Netherlands, and Germany west of the Rhine.


lexentry: eng/Gehenna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gehenna
trans_list: Geenna
sense:
In rabbinical literature and Christian and Islamic scripture, the place where the souls of the wicked go after death, where they suffer eternal damnation or annihilation.


lexentry: eng/Gemini__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gemini
trans_list: Gemelli
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac traditionally taken to represent the pair of twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. It contains the stars Castor, Pollux, and Alhena.


lexentry: eng/Gemini__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gemini
trans_list: Gemelli
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the twins, ruled by Mercury and covering May 22 – June 21 (tropical astrology) or June 16 – July 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Generation_X__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Generation X
trans_list: Generazione X
sense:
(specifically) The generation of people born after the baby boom that followed World War II, especially those born from the mid 1960s to early 1980s, sometimes characterized as cynical, disaffected, lacking direction in life, and unwilling to take part fully in society.


lexentry: eng/Geneva_Convention__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Geneva Convention
trans_list: convenzione di Ginevra
sense:
(international law) An international treaty which defines the required treatment for prisoners of war by their captors.


lexentry: eng/Genoa_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Genoa cake
trans_list: pandolce | pandolce basso
sense:
(mostly, UK) A fruitcake consisting of sultanas, currants or raisins, glacé cherries, almonds, and candied orange peel or essence, cooked in a batter of flour, eggs, butter, and sugar.


lexentry: eng/George__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: George
trans_list: Giorgio | Iorio
sense:
A diminutive of the en given names Georgina or Georgia; also used in the conjoined name George Ann(e).


lexentry: eng/Georgia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Georgia
trans_list: Georgia
sense:
A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe. Official name: Georgia. Capital: Tbilisi.


lexentry: eng/Georgia__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Georgia
trans_list: Georgia
sense:
A state in the Southern United States. Capital: Atlanta. It is named for George II of Great Britain (1683–1760).


lexentry: eng/Georgian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Georgian
trans_list: georgiano
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Eastern European country of Georgia, the Georgian people or the Georgian language.


lexentry: eng/Georgian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Georgian
trans_list: georgiano | georgiana
sense:
(countable) A person or a descendant of a person from Georgia, a country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.


lexentry: eng/German_Confederation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German Confederation
trans_list: Confederazione germanica
sense:
(historical) An association of predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe in the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/German__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: German
trans_list: germano | germana | tedesco
sense:
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is the most populous ethnic group in Germany; a person of German descent.


lexentry: eng/German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German
trans_list: tedesco
sense:
(uncountable) An Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) language, primarily spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and a small part of Belgium.


lexentry: eng/German_chamomile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German chamomile
trans_list: camomilla
sense:
An annual plant, Matricaria recutita, of the aster family, which is the type of camomile most used for tea.


lexentry: eng/German_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German studies
trans_list: germanistica
sense:
(humanities) A field that researches, documents, and disseminates German language and literature in both its historic and present forms.


lexentry: eng/German_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German wheel
trans_list: ruota di Rhon
sense:
(circus arts) An apparatus made up of two large, usually steel rings joined together by a set of parallel steel bars.


lexentry: eng/Germanic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germanic
trans_list: germanico
sense:
(linguistics) The early, undocumented ancestral language from which other Germanic languages developed, such as Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Frisian, English, German, Faroese, Icelandic, Yiddish, Norwegian and Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Germanist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germanist
trans_list: germanista
sense:
(humanities, ;, dated) A person who studies the Germanic languages, the associated literatures and/or cultures. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Germany
trans_list: Germania
sense:
A country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany. Official name: Federal Republic of Germany. Capital and largest city: Berlin.


lexentry: eng/Germinal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germinal
trans_list: germile | germinale
sense:
(historical) The seventh month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the vernal equinox (March 21 or 22) and ending on April 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Gesamtkunstwerk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gesamtkunstwerk
trans_list: Gesamtkunstwerk
sense:
Total artwork; an artistic creation such as an operatic performance that encompasses music, theatre and the visual arts.


lexentry: eng/Gethsemane__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gethsemane
trans_list: Getsemani
sense:
A biblical location in ancient Jerusalem, a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives where, according to the four Gospels of the New Testament, Jesus underwent the agony in the garden and was arrested the night before his crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Ghibelline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghibelline
trans_list: ghibellino | ghibellina
sense:
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Holy Roman Emperor in a long struggle against the Guelphs and the Pope.


lexentry: eng/Ghost_of_Christmas_Present__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghost of Christmas Present
trans_list: spirito del Natale Presente
sense:
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, who visits Ebenezer Scrooge accompanied by a great feast in order to show him events of the current Christmas.


lexentry: eng/Ghost_of_Christmas_Yet_to_Come__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come
trans_list: spirito del Natale Futuro
sense:
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens; it visits Ebenezer Scrooge in order to show his impending fate of death and loneliness in a future Christmas that is ultimately avoided.


lexentry: eng/Gila_monster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gila monster
trans_list: mostro di Gila
sense:
A venomous lizard, Heloderma suspectum, that lives in the deserts of the southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Giza__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Giza
trans_list: Giza
sense:
A city on the west bank of the Nile river, Egypt, famous for its ancient monuments including the Great Sphinx of Giza and the Great Pyramid of Giza.


lexentry: eng/Gjirokastër__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gjirokastër
trans_list: Argirocastro
sense:
A city in southern Albania, located in the Drino valley east of the mountain of Gjerë; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


lexentry: eng/Glagolitic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Glagolitic
trans_list: alfabeto glagolitico | glagolitico
sense:
(linguistics) The oldest known Slavonic alphabet, designed around 862–863 by Saint Cyril in order to translate the Bible and other texts into Old Church Slavonic. Mostly replaced by Cyrillic alphabet in Orthodox Christian Slavic countries, but still in use in the Croatian Church along the Dalmatian coast, in Czech and Croatian recensions of Church Slavic.


lexentry: eng/Glastonbury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Glastonbury
trans_list: Glastonbury
sense:
A town and civil parish with a town council in Somerset, England, previously in Mendip district (OS grid ref ST5039).


lexentry: eng/Gnosticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gnosticism
trans_list: gnosticismo
sense:
A wide variety of Jewish and early Christian sects having an interest in gnosis, or divine knowledge, and generally holding the belief that there is a god greater than the Demiurge, or the creator of the world.


lexentry: eng/Go_Fish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Go Fish
trans_list: quartetto
sense:
(card games) A children's card game in which players ask each other for cards of a particular rank, requiring them to "fish" in a pool of additional cards if they do not have the requested card.


lexentry: eng/God-fearing__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God-fearing
trans_list: timorato di Dio
sense:
(religion) Following the precepts of a religious practice; respecting and revering God and his authority.


lexentry: eng/God__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God
trans_list: Dio
sense:
The single deity of various monotheistic religions, especially the deity of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.


lexentry: eng/God_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God complex
trans_list: complesso del Messia | complesso di Cristo | sindrome del salvatore
sense:
An unshakable belief characterized by consistently inflated feelings of personal ability, privilege, or infallibility.


lexentry: eng/God_the_Father__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Father
trans_list: Dio Padre
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the God of Abraham and the Jewish scriptures and considered the creator of mankind and Father of Jesus Christ


lexentry: eng/God_the_Holy_Ghost__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Holy Ghost
trans_list: Dio Spirito Santo
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly, inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


lexentry: eng/God_the_Son__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Son
trans_list: Dio Figlio
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the Word of God, which became flesh—incarnated—in Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God the Father.


lexentry: eng/God_willing__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God willing
trans_list: magari | a Dio piacendo | se Dio vuole
sense:
Barring unforeseen circumstances, it is hoped that (while generally also indicating acceptance of God's will).


lexentry: eng/God_works_in_mysterious_ways__Proverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: God works in mysterious ways
trans_list: Le vie del Signore sono imperscrutabili
sense:
Commenting that a seemingly unfortunate or unfavourable situation or change may be beneficial later or in the long run.


lexentry: eng/Godspeed__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Godspeed
trans_list: addio
sense:
(literary) Used, especially at a parting, to express the wish that the outcome of the actions of a person (typically someone about to start a journey or a daring endeavour) is positive for them.


lexentry: eng/Golaghat__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golaghat
trans_list: Golaghat
sense:
A city in Assam, India, situated near the Dhansiri River in Upper – Assam, and one of the oldest urban agglomerations, raised to the status of a subdivision way back in 1839, and later elevated to a district in 1987.


lexentry: eng/Golconda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golconda
trans_list: Golconda
sense:
A fortress and ruined city in Telangana, India. It is historically famous for nearby diamond mining.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Fleece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golden Fleece
trans_list: Vello d'oro
sense:
(Greek mythology) A magical fleece from a winged ram guarded by the hydra in the tale of Jason and the Argonauts.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Fleece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Golden Fleece
trans_list: Vello d'oro
sense:
A chivalric order founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy. Later awarded in Spain and Habsburg Austria.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Horde__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golden Horde
trans_list: Khanato dell'Orda d'Oro
sense:
(historical) A Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.


lexentry: eng/Goldilocks__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goldilocks
trans_list: Riccioli d'oro
sense:
The protagonist of a traditional fairy tale. She is a golden-haired young girl who inquisitively enters the house of three bears and tries their three bowls of porridge, three chairs, and three beds, in each case finding only one that suits her.


lexentry: eng/Goliard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goliard
trans_list: goliardo
sense:
(historical) A wandering student of the 12th or 13th century, whose convivial lifestyle included minstrelsy and a typical satyric Latin poetry.


lexentry: eng/Gomez's_Hamburger__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gomez's Hamburger
trans_list: Hamburger di Gomez
sense:
(astronomy) A young A0III-type star with an apparent magnitude of +14.4 in the constellation Sagittarius at a distance of 250 ±50 parsecs from Earth.


lexentry: eng/Gomorrah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gomorrah
trans_list: Gomorra
sense:
(Biblical, Quranic) A city in the Middle East which, according to the Hebrew Bible and to Islamic tradition, was destroyed by God (along with Sodom) for the sins of its inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Gondwana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gondwana
trans_list: Gondwana
sense:
(geology) A southern supercontinent, formed before Pangaea between 600 and 530 million years ago, that included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Southern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/Good_Friday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Good Friday
trans_list: Venerdì Santo | venerdì santo
sense:
(Christianity) The Friday before Easter Sunday, the commemoration of the day on which Christ was crucified.


lexentry: eng/Good_King_Henry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Good King Henry
trans_list: farinello buon-enrico
sense:
A goosefoot of species Blitum bonus-henricus (syn. Chenopodium bonus-henricus), native to Britain and much of Europe, cultivated as a vegetable.


lexentry: eng/Gordias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gordias
trans_list: Gordio
sense:
(Greek mythology) The name of at least two members of the royal house of Phrygia, the best-known of which was reputedly the founder of the Phrygian capital city Gordium, the maker of the legendary Gordian knot, and the father of the legendary king Midas.


lexentry: eng/Goth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goth
trans_list: goto
sense:
A member of the East Germanic people known for their invasion of the western Roman Empire and subsequent founding of successor states in Italy and Spain during Late Antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Gothenburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gothenburg
trans_list: Gotemburgo | Göteborg
sense:
A city on the west coast of Sweden, in the province of Västergötland. It is the second-largest city in Sweden.


lexentry: eng/Gothic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Gothic
trans_list: gotico
sense:
(architecture) Of or relating to the architectural style favored in Western Europe in the 12th to 16th centuries, with high-pointed arches, clustered columns, etc. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/Gothic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Gothic
trans_list: gotico
sense:
(literature) Of or relating to the style of fictional writing associated with Gothic fiction, emphasizing violent or macabre events in a mysterious, desolate setting. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grand Duchy of Lithuania
trans_list: Granducato di Lituania
sense:
(historical) A former European state from the 13th century until 1795, encompassing the territory of modern-day Lithuania and Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and small parts of Russia and Poland


lexentry: eng/Grand_Est__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grand Est
trans_list: Grande Est
sense:
An administrative region in northeastern France, created in 2016 by the fusion of Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne.


lexentry: eng/Grandmaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grandmaster
trans_list: Grande Maestro
sense:
(chess) A player of the highest rank, as determined by FIDE, with an Elo rating of at least 2500. [From 1950.]


lexentry: eng/Graz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Graz
trans_list: Graz
sense:
The capital of and largest city in the state of Styria, Austria, and the second-largest city in the country.


lexentry: eng/Great_Bear__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Bear
trans_list: Orsa Maggiore
sense:
(constellation) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a large bear. It is part of the constellation Ursa Major and includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.


lexentry: eng/Great_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Britain
trans_list: Gran Bretagna
sense:
(geographical) an island and sometimes including some of the surrounding smaller islands) off the north-west coast of Western Europe made up of England, Scotland, and Wales.


lexentry: eng/Great_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Great Britain
trans_list: Gran Bretagna
sense:
(historical, or, loosely) The United Kingdom, or its predecessor the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801).


lexentry: eng/Great_Game__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Game
trans_list: Grande Gioco
sense:
(historical) The strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia, mainly during the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Great_Lakes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Lakes
trans_list: Grandi Laghi
sense:
A group of five lakes on the United States–Canada border, consisting of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (Lake Michigan–Huron), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.


lexentry: eng/Great_Leap_Forward__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Leap Forward
trans_list: Grande balzo in avanti
sense:
(historical) A vast economic and social plan lasting from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use the Chinese population to rapidly transform the Communist China from a primarily agrarian economy by peasant farmers into a modern communist society through agriculturalization and industrialization, but failed disastrously (resulting in massive famine and the deaths of many millions of people).


lexentry: eng/Great_Patriotic_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Patriotic War
trans_list: Grande Guerra Patriottica
sense:
(historical, in Soviet or Russian contexts) the German-Soviet war (a portion of World War II fought between the USSR and Nazi Germany between 1941 and 1945)


lexentry: eng/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Pyramid of Giza
trans_list: Piramide di Cheope
sense:
The largest and most famous of the Egyptian pyramids, and the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.


lexentry: eng/Great_Vowel_Shift__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Vowel Shift
trans_list: grande spostamento vocalico
sense:
(phonology) A major change in the pronunciation of the English language, affecting the sounds of long vowels, that took place in England between 1350 and 1700.


lexentry: eng/Great_Wall_of_China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Wall of China
trans_list: Grande muraglia cinese
sense:
An ancient Chinese fortification, almost 4,000 miles long, originally designed to protect China from the Mongols.


lexentry: eng/Greater_Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater Caucasus
trans_list: Gran Caucaso
sense:
the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains, which stretches for about 1,200 kilometres from west-northwest to east-southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea.


lexentry: eng/Greater_London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater London
trans_list: Grande Londra
sense:
An administrative area in England combining the City of London, the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs. Greater London borders (anticlockwise) Essex, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Surrey and Kent.


lexentry: eng/Greek_Orthodox_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek Orthodox Church
trans_list: Chiesa greco-ortodossa
sense:
A group of Eastern Orthodox churches comprising the churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Cyprus and Greece.


lexentry: eng/Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek
trans_list: greco
sense:
The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly, depending on context, Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.


lexentry: eng/Greek_fire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek fire
trans_list: fuoco greco
sense:
(historical) A highly flammable substance of unknown composition first used by the Greeks of Constantinople in the 7th century C.E. to set fire to enemy ships, buildings etc.


lexentry: eng/Greek_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek salad
trans_list: insalata greca
sense:
A salad, popular in Greece, normally consisting of tomatoes, olives and feta cheese among other ingredients.


lexentry: eng/Greenland_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greenland Sea
trans_list: Mar di Groenlandia
sense:
a sea area to the east of Greenland, bounded by Iceland, the Norwegian Sea, Svalbard and the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Gregorian_calendar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gregorian calendar
trans_list: calendario gregoriano
sense:
The calendar currently used in the western world. It replaced the Julian calendar and was devised to halt the slow drift of the vernal equinox towards earlier in the year.


lexentry: eng/Grim_Reaper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grim Reaper
trans_list: Tristo Mietitore | Cupo Mietitore | Sinistro Mietitore | angelo della morte
sense:
A personification of Death as an old man, or a skeleton, carrying a scythe, taking souls to the afterlife.


lexentry: eng/Groundhog_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Groundhog Day
trans_list: giorno della marmotta
sense:
An annual festival held in Canada and the USA on February 2 in which the arrival time of the spring season is predicted by whether or not a certain groundhog can see its shadow.


lexentry: eng/Grus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grus
trans_list: gru | Gru
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a crane. It contains the star Alnair and lies south of the constellation Piscis Austrinus.


lexentry: eng/Gryffindor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gryffindor
trans_list: Grifondoro
sense:
(sometimes used attributively) A person having traits associated with Gryffindor house from the Harry Potter series, including bravery, boldness, or an affinity for lions or the colours red and gold.


lexentry: eng/Guadeloupe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Guadeloupe
trans_list: Guadalupa
sense:
An archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe.


lexentry: eng/Guam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guam
trans_list: Guam
sense:
An unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Territory of Guam.


lexentry: eng/Guaraní__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guaraní
trans_list: guaranì
sense:
South-American Indian language of the Tupí-Guaraní family; spoken in Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.


lexentry: eng/Guelph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guelph
trans_list: guelfo | guelfa
sense:
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Pope in a long struggle against the Ghibellines and the Holy Roman Emperor.


lexentry: eng/Guidonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guidonian
trans_list: guidoniano
sense:
Of or relating to Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – after 1033), Italian music theorist and pedagogue of the medieval era, regarded as the inventor of modern musical staff notation.


lexentry: eng/Guillain-Barré_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guillain-Barré syndrome
trans_list: sindrome di Guillain-Barré
sense:
(neurology, disease) Rapid-onset muscle weakness, often severe and sometimes fatal, resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function, associated with various viral and other infections.


lexentry: eng/Guinea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guinea
trans_list: Guinea
sense:
(historical) The coastal region of West Africa between Morocco and the Congo, particularly the north shore of the Gulf of Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Guiscard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guiscard
trans_list: Guiscardo
sense:
the sobriquet of Robert de Hauteville, a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily


lexentry: eng/Gulf_Stream__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf Stream
trans_list: Corrente del Golfo
sense:
The warm ocean current issuing from the Gulf of Mexico, flowing northeastwards along the coast of North America to the Grand Banks where it breaks eastwards across the Atlantic Ocean and helps to maintain warm temperatures along the western coasts of the British Isles.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf War
trans_list: guerra del golfo
sense:
(history) One of several wars fought at the Persian Gulf in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, principally the one from 1990 to 1991.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Alaska__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Alaska
trans_list: golfo dell'Alaska
sense:
An arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Finland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Finland
trans_list: golfo di Finlandia
sense:
An arm of the Baltic Sea that separates the European countries of Estonia and Finland. On its eastern end, the Neva at the Russian city of St. Petersburg empties into it.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Riga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Riga
trans_list: golfo di Riga
sense:
The inland body of water that is part of the Baltic Sea in eastern Europe and is near Latvia and Estonia.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Thailand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Thailand
trans_list: golfo del Siam | golfo della Thailandia
sense:
An inland body of water in the Pacific Ocean that is southeast of Southeast Asia below the countries of Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, and is close to the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia.


lexentry: eng/Gummy_Bears__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gummy Bears
trans_list: orso gommoso
sense:
A kind of gummy candy, a type of confectionery made from gelatine, in the miniature form of a toy bear.


lexentry: eng/Gunpowder_Plot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gunpowder Plot
trans_list: Congiura delle polveri
sense:
(British) A failed plot, in November 1605, to kill the Protestant king James I of England and VI of Scotland, and to blow up the House of Lords using gunpowder, annually commemorated on Guy Fawkes Day.


lexentry: eng/Guria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guria
trans_list: Guria
sense:
A region of Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea with Ozurgeti as its regional capital.


lexentry: eng/Gutenbergian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gutenbergian
trans_list: gutenberghiano
sense:
Of or pertaining to Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398–1468), inventor of the European technology of printing with movable type.


lexentry: eng/Guyana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guyana
trans_list: Guyana | Guayana
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Co-operative Republic of Guyana. Capital and largest city: Georgetown.


lexentry: eng/Gypsy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gypsy
trans_list: zingaro | zingara
sense:
(sometimes, offensive) A member of the Romani people, or one of the sub-groups (Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc).


lexentry: eng/Gödel_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gödel number
trans_list: numero di Gödel
sense:
(logic) A number uniquely assigned to each symbol, and to each well-formed formula of some formal language.


lexentry: eng/HTTP_cookie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HTTP cookie
trans_list: cookie
sense:
(Internet) A packet of information sent by a server to a World Wide Web browser and then returned by the browser each time it accesses that server, used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions, for example, to identify the user.


lexentry: eng/Habakkuk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Habakkuk
trans_list: Abacuc | Abacucco | Habacuc
sense:
A prophetic book in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the minor prophets; or the eighth part of the Tere Asar in the Jewish Tanakh.


lexentry: eng/Hades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hades
trans_list: Ade
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Hagia_Sophia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hagia Sophia
trans_list: Santa Sofia
sense:
A mosque in Istanbul, Turkey, (historical) the former patriarchal church of Greek Orthodoxy, operated as a museum 1935–2020.


lexentry: eng/Haitian_Creole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haitian Creole
trans_list: haitiano
sense:
A language spoken in Haiti; developed first as a creole based on French and several West African languages.


lexentry: eng/Halloween__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Halloween
trans_list: Halloween | vigilia di Ognissanti
sense:
The eve of All Hallows' Day; October 31st; celebrated (mostly in English-speaking countries) by children going door-to-door in costume and soliciting candy with menaces.


lexentry: eng/Hamas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hamas
trans_list: Hamas
sense:
A militant Palestinianist and Sunni Muslim movement that presses for an independent, Palestinian Islamic state and the Palestinian right of return.


lexentry: eng/Hamlet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hamlet
trans_list: Amleto
sense:
The eponymous main character of William Shakespeare's play, whose father's ghost, murdered by Hamlet's uncle, exhorts him to seek revenge.


lexentry: eng/Hampshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hampshire
trans_list: Hampshire
sense:
A maritime county in the south of England, United Kingdom bordered by Berkshire, Surrey, West Sussex, Dorset, Wiltshire, the English Channel and the Solent separating it from the Isle of Wight; the county town is Winchester.


lexentry: eng/Hannibal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hannibal
trans_list: Annibale
sense:
A en given name of mostly historical use. Most notably borne by the Carthaginian general Hannibal, son of Hamilcar.


lexentry: eng/Hanover__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanover
trans_list: Annover
sense:
British family that ruled from 1714 to 1901, more commonly known as the Georgian, Regency and Victorian periods.


lexentry: eng/Hansard__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hansard
trans_list: resocontazione parlamentare
sense:
(chiefly, Britain, Commonwealth) The official report of debates and other proceedings in the British and some Commonwealth parliaments.


lexentry: eng/Hanse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanse
trans_list: Lega Anseatica
sense:
(historical) A merchant guild, particularly the Fellowship of London Merchants (the "Old Hanse") given a monopoly on London's foreign trade by the Normans or its successor, the Company of Merchant Adventurers (the "New Hanse"), incorporated in 1497 and chartered under Henry VII and Elizabeth I.


lexentry: eng/Hanseatic_League__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanseatic League
trans_list: Lega anseatica
sense:
(historical) The commercial and military alliance of Low German merchant guilds and privileged market towns which dominated trade along the coasts of northern Europe from the mid-12th to mid-17th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Hansel_and_Gretel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hansel and Gretel
trans_list: Hänsel e Gretel
sense:
A German fairy tale, recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812, about the siblings named Hansel and Gretel who are threatened by a cannibalistic witch who lives in a house made of cake and bread.


lexentry: eng/Hanukkah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanukkah
trans_list: Chanukah
sense:
(Judaism) An eight-day Jewish festival, starting on the 25th day of Kislev, which commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem after the victory of the Maccabees over the Greek Syrians.


lexentry: eng/Haratin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haratin
trans_list: Haratin
sense:
A member of a group of dark-skinned African people in Maghreb and Western part of Sahara (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), who often form a distinct social class.


lexentry: eng/Harz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Harz
trans_list: Selva Ercinia
sense:
A mountain range in central Germany; its rugged terrain extends across parts of in Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.


lexentry: eng/Hasdrubal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hasdrubal
trans_list: Asdrubale
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Hasdrubal Barca and several other Carthaginians


lexentry: eng/Hashemite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hashemite
trans_list: hascemita
sense:
One who lays claim to being a direct descendant of Hashim, the great grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.


lexentry: eng/Haskell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Haskell
trans_list: Haskell
sense:
(programming language) A general-purpose purely functional programming language with support for recursive functions and pattern matching.


lexentry: eng/Hasmonean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hasmonean
trans_list: asmoneo
sense:
(historical) Of or relating to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged; Maccabean.


lexentry: eng/Haussmannian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haussmannian
trans_list: haussmanniano
sense:
Of or relating to Georges-Eugène Haussmann (1809–1891), French civic planner involved in the extravagant rebuilding of Paris in the 1860s.


lexentry: eng/Hauts-de-France__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hauts-de-France
trans_list: Alta Francia
sense:
An administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy.


lexentry: eng/Hawaii__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Hawaii
trans_list: Hawaii
sense:
(specifically) An island in Hawaii archipelago, Pacific Ocean, of Hawaii County, State of Hawaii, United States. The largest of the Hawaiian Islands.


lexentry: eng/Hawaiian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hawaiian
trans_list: hawaiano
sense:
(countable, nonstandard, proscribed) A native or resident of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/Hayashi_limit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hayashi limit
trans_list: limite di Hayashi
sense:
(astrophysics) A theoretical maximum radius of a star of given mass; the radius at which the inward force of gravity exactly balances the outward pressure of the gas of the star.


lexentry: eng/Hebrew__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hebrew
trans_list: ebreo | ebrea
sense:
(countable) A member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.


lexentry: eng/Hecatoncheires__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hecatoncheires
trans_list: Ecatonchiri
sense:
(Greek mythology) Three monstrous giants of enormous size and strength, each with fifty heads and one hundred arms, who were offspring of Uranus by Gaia, whom Zeus freed from captivity and who in return aided the Olympians in the Titanomachy.


lexentry: eng/Hegelian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hegelian
trans_list: hegeliano
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophical system of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).


lexentry: eng/Heimlich_maneuver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heimlich maneuver
trans_list: manovra di Heimlich
sense:
(emergency medicine) A first aid procedure used to treat choking. The patient is lifted from behind, squeezing their diaphragm to expel air and thereby dislodging an obstruction in the windpipe.


lexentry: eng/Heisenberg_uncertainty_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heisenberg uncertainty principle
trans_list: principio di indeterminazione di Heisenberg
sense:
(physics, quantum mechanics) The principle that there is an absolute limit on the combined accuracy of certain pairs of simultaneous, related measurements, especially that of the position and momentum of a particle. Originally posited as a problem of measurement, it was soon refined as an inherent property of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Hel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hel
trans_list: Hel | Hela
sense:
(religion, Norse mythology) The goddess of the realm of the unheroic dead, a daughter of Loki by the jotun Angrboða.


lexentry: eng/Helen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helen
trans_list: Elena
sense:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War.


lexentry: eng/Helenus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helenus
trans_list: Eleno
sense:
(Greek mythology) the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy, the twin brother of the prophetess Cassandra.


lexentry: eng/Heliogabalus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heliogabalus
trans_list: Eliogabalo
sense:
Synonym of Elagabalus (“Roman emperor, noted for decadence, eccentricity, femininity, and disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos”).


lexentry: eng/Heliopolis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heliopolis
trans_list: Eliopoli
sense:
(historical) The ancient capital of the 13th nome of Lower Egypt, located in the northern suburbs of modern Cairo, Egypt; known in Ancient Egyptian as Iunu and in later Coptic as On.


lexentry: eng/Helios__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helios
trans_list: Elio
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.


lexentry: eng/Helle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helle
trans_list: Elle
sense:
(Greek mythology) A daughter of king Athamas, who, together with her brother Phrixus, fled from their stepmother Ino to Colchis on a golden ram. On their way, she fell from its back and was drowned in the strait called, after her, Hellespont.


lexentry: eng/Hellenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenist
trans_list: ellenista
sense:
A specialist in the study of Greek language, literature, culture, or history, or an admirer of the Greek culture and civilization.


lexentry: eng/Hellenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hellenist
trans_list: ellenista
sense:
A person who adopted the Greek customs, language and culture during the Hellenistic period, especially a Hellenized Jew.


lexentry: eng/Hellenistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenistic
trans_list: ellenistico | ellenista
sense:
Of or relating to the period of the Greek culture, history, or art after the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian (31 B.C.) – though this end-point is often debated, and can range from 146BC to 330AD [*].


lexentry: eng/Hephaestus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hephaestus
trans_list: Efesto
sense:
(Greek god) The god of fire, smithwork, metallurgy, volcanoes, and artisans, who served as blacksmith of the gods. His Roman counterpart is Vulcan.


lexentry: eng/Hephthalite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hephthalite
trans_list: eftalito | unno bianco
sense:
(historical) Any of a people who comprised a nomadic confederation in Central Asia during the 5th–6th centuries CE.


lexentry: eng/Hera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hera
trans_list: Era
sense:
(Greek god) The queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage and birth; daughter of Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus, mother of Hephaestus, Ares, Hebe, and Enyo.


lexentry: eng/Heracles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heracles
trans_list: Eracle
sense:
(Greek mythology) : Son of Zeus and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.


lexentry: eng/Heraclitus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heraclitus
trans_list: Eraclito
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Heraclitus of Ephesus, a pre-Socratic Ionian philosopher


lexentry: eng/Herculaneum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herculaneum
trans_list: Ercolano
sense:
(historical) A city in Italy which was entirely destroyed by the same eruption of Vesuvius that also turned Pompeii into a ruin


lexentry: eng/Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hercules
trans_list: Ercole
sense:
(Roman mythology) The Roman name for the Greek divine hero Heracles, who was the son of Jupiter and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.


lexentry: eng/Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hercules
trans_list: Ercole
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It lies between the constellations Lyra and Corona Borealis.


lexentry: eng/Hermes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hermes
trans_list: Ermes | Erme | Ermete | Hermes
sense:
(Greek god) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft.


lexentry: eng/Hermitian_matrix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hermitian matrix
trans_list: matrice hermitiana
sense:
(linear algebra) A square matrix A with complex entries that is equal to its own conjugate transpose, i.e., such that A = A^\dagger.


lexentry: eng/Herod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herod
trans_list: Erode
sense:
The name of any of a number of members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled in the Roman province of Judea, most notably Herod the Great, who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, or Herod Antipas, his son, who met Jesus during his Passion.


lexentry: eng/Herostratus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herostratus
trans_list: Erostrato
sense:
an Ancient Greek arsonist who destroyed the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, in order to become famous


lexentry: eng/Hertzsprung-Russell_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
trans_list: diagramma Hertzsprung-Russell
sense:
(astronomy) A graphic representation of the absolute magnitude of stars against their color (or surface temperature), which shows the main sequence of stars plus the white dwarfs and red giants.


lexentry: eng/Herzeg-Bosnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Herzeg-Bosnia
trans_list: Erzeg-Bosnia
sense:
A short-lived, unrecognized political entity that existed during the Bosnian war, consisting of the Croat communities of Bosnia.


lexentry: eng/Herzegovina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herzegovina
trans_list: Erzegovina
sense:
The southern wedge of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing a geographic and historic entity, and not an administrative unit.


lexentry: eng/Hesiod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesiod
trans_list: Esiodo
sense:
Ancient Greek poet and rhapsodist of the 8th century BCE, known as the first author of didactic verse


lexentry: eng/Hesperia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesperia
trans_list: Esperia
sense:
Literally "western land", a term poetically applied by Ancient Greeks to Italy and by Romans to the Iberian Peninsula and Western Africa.


lexentry: eng/Hesperides__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesperides
trans_list: Esperidi
sense:
(Greek mythology) A group of nymphs who tend a blissful garden filled with trees that grew golden apples in a far western corner of the world, located in Libya or the Atlas Mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus; they are said to be the daughters of Hesperus.


lexentry: eng/Hettangian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hettangian
trans_list: Hettangiano
sense:
The corresponding lowest stage of the Jurassic system, marked by the lowest strata in which the neoammonite genus Psiloceras appears.


lexentry: eng/Heyting_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heyting algebra
trans_list: algebra di Heyting
sense:
(algebra, order theory) A bounded lattice, L, modified to serve as a model for a logical calculus by being equipped with a binary operation called "implies", denoted → (sometimes ⊃ or ⇒), defined such that (a→b)∧a ≤ b and, moreover, that x = a→b is the greatest element such that x∧a ≤ b (in the sense that if c∧a ≤ b then c ≤ a→b).


lexentry: eng/Hezbollah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hezbollah
trans_list: Hezbollah
sense:
A political and military Shi'a Islamic organization that arose after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982.


lexentry: eng/Higgs_boson__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Higgs boson
trans_list: bosone di Higgs
sense:
(particle) An elementary particle in the Standard Model, namely a boson with zero spin, that gives mass to other particles.


lexentry: eng/High_Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: High Middle Ages
trans_list: Medio Evo centrale | pieno Medioevo
sense:
(history) The period of European history, between the Early Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages, that saw great social and political change, c. 1000 to 1300 CE.


lexentry: eng/Highway_Code__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Highway Code
trans_list: codice della strada
sense:
The official road safety manual for the United Kingdom, covering pedestrians, animals, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers.


lexentry: eng/Hijra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hijra
trans_list: egira
sense:
The flight of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 ce, which forms the first year of the Islamic era (ah 1).


lexentry: eng/Hilbert_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hilbert space
trans_list: spazio di Hilbert | spazio hilbertiano
sense:
(functional analysis) A generalized Euclidean space in which mathematical functions take the place of points; crucial to the understanding of quantum mechanics and other applications.


lexentry: eng/Himalayas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himalayas
trans_list: Himalaya | Himalaia
sense:
The mountain range in south-central Asia which extends about 2,414 km (1,500 mi) through Kashmir, northern India, southern Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam; it contains nine of the world’s ten highest peaks, including Mount Everest/Qomolongma.


lexentry: eng/Himeros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himeros
trans_list: Imero
sense:
(Greek mythology) The Greek god of uncontrollable desire, often depicted as a winged child attendant to Aphrodite.


lexentry: eng/Hindi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hindi
trans_list: hindi
sense:
The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.


lexentry: eng/Hinduism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hinduism
trans_list: induismo
sense:
A religion, philosophy and culture native to India, characterized by the belief in reincarnation and a supreme oneness personified in many forms and natures.


lexentry: eng/Hippocrates__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocrates
trans_list: Ippocrate
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Hippocrates of Cos, an Ancient Greek physician, circa 5th century BC, sometimes called the "father of medicine."


lexentry: eng/Hispaniola__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hispaniola
trans_list: Hispaniola | Ispaniola
sense:
An island in the Caribbean, divided politically into the independent nations of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.


lexentry: eng/Hispaniolan_crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hispaniolan crossbill
trans_list: crociere di Hispaniola
sense:
Loxia megaplaga, a crossbill that is endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), and the only one of its genus in the Caribbean.


lexentry: eng/Hitchcockian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hitchcockian
trans_list: hitchcockiano
sense:
Of or pertaining to Alfred Hitchcock (1899–1980), British filmmaker and producer, or his works, especially noted for suspense and psychothrillers.


lexentry: eng/Hittite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Hittite
trans_list: ittita
sense:
Of or relating to the Hittite Kingdom, located in central Anatolia (modern Turkey), that flourished from about 1800 to 1400 B.C.E..


lexentry: eng/Hittite__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hittite
trans_list: hittito | ittito
sense:
An ancient Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested from the 16th century BC until the 13th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Hmong__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hmong
trans_list: hmong
sense:
A people who live predominantly in the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand, and (in diaspora) around the world.


lexentry: eng/Hohenstaufen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hohenstaufen
trans_list: Hohenstaufen | Svevi
sense:
(historical) A mediaeval (11th—14th centuries) German dynasty of Swabian origin, from which came numerous monarchs, including dukes of Swabia and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Holiness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holiness
trans_list: Santità
sense:
(countable) Used in connection with His or Your to address the leader of some religious traditions, notably the pope.


lexentry: eng/Holland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holland
trans_list: Olanda
sense:
A traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland.


lexentry: eng/Holmesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holmesian
trans_list: holmesiano
sense:
Of or pertaining to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes or his investigations, methods, or sayings.


lexentry: eng/Holmesian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holmesian
trans_list: holmesiano
sense:
A fan of the character Sherlock Holmes; one who studies or enjoys the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.


lexentry: eng/Holocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holocaust
trans_list: Olocausto | Shoah
sense:
(historical, narrowly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Holocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Holocaust
trans_list: Olocausto | Shoah
sense:
(historical, broadly) The systematic mass murder (democide) of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities), perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Holodomor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Holodomor
trans_list: Holodomor
sense:
(historical, rare) А famine with mass deaths, especially one of the Soviet famines in 1921–22, 1932–33, or 1946–47.


lexentry: eng/Holofernes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holofernes
trans_list: Oloferne
sense:
a character in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, an invading general of Nebuchadnezzar, beheaded by Judith.


lexentry: eng/Holstein__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holstein
trans_list: Holstein
sense:
The region between the rivers Elbe and Eider, to the south of Schleswig, part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Communion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Communion
trans_list: eucaristia | comunione | viatico
sense:
A Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper of Christ, with the physical forms of bread and usually wine which are believed by certain denominations to become Christ himself or to host his spiritual presence.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Grail__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Grail
trans_list: Santo Graal
sense:
(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Land
trans_list: Terrasanta | Terra Santa
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.


lexentry: eng/Holy_League__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy League
trans_list: Lega Santa
sense:
(historical) Any one of several temporary alliances between Christian countries of (especially mediaeval) Europe, formed for some specific objective of ostensible benefit to Christianity.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Prepuce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Prepuce
trans_list: Santo prepuzio
sense:
Any of several sacred or holy foreskins (Latin sānctum praepūtium) allegedly from the circumcision of the baby Jesus on the eighth day of his life.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Roman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Roman Empire
trans_list: Sacro Romano Impero
sense:
(history) A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Holy_See__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy See
trans_list: Santa Sede | Sede Apostolica
sense:
The episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Spirit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Spirit
trans_list: Spirito Santo
sense:
(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either from (Eastern Orthodoxy) God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Week__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Week
trans_list: Settimana Santa
sense:
The week preceding Easter containing Palm Sunday, Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday), Holy Thursday (Maundy Thursday), Holy Friday (Good Friday), and Holy Saturday.


lexentry: eng/Home_Army__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Home Army
trans_list: Armata Nazionale
sense:
(history) the dominant Polish resistance movement in Poland, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Homo_economicus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Homo economicus
trans_list: homo oeconomicus
sense:
(economics) A human being regarded as a rational and narrowly self-interested actor capable of making judgments in order to attain its own particular goals.


lexentry: eng/Homocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Homocaust
trans_list: homocausto
sense:
(rare) The persecution of homosexuals which occurred in Nazi Germany, when seen as constituting systematic destruction of them.


lexentry: eng/Hong_Kong__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hong Kong
trans_list: Hong Kong
sense:
A city in southeastern China, located on an island east of the Pearl River delta in the South China Sea; formerly owned by the United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Hooke's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hooke's law
trans_list: legge di Hooke
sense:
(physics) the principle that the stress applied to a solid is directly proportional to the strain produced. This law describes the behavior of springs and solids stressed within their elastic limit.


lexentry: eng/Horatian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Horatian
trans_list: oraziano
sense:
(literature, poetry) Of or pertaining to the Roman poet Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus; 65–8 BCE) or to his works or style.


lexentry: eng/Horologium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Horologium
trans_list: Orologio
sense:
(astronomy) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a pendulum clock. It lies between the constellations Fornax and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/House_of_Representatives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: House of Representatives
trans_list: camera dei Rappresentanti
sense:
The lower house in the bicameral legislatures of several countries; also some singular legislative bodies in unicameral systems.


lexentry: eng/Hubble_constant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hubble constant
trans_list: legge di Hubble
sense:
(astronomy) A number that expresses the rate of expansion of the universe; the velocity at which a distant object is receding from the Earth divided by its distance; its reciprocal determines the age of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Hudson_Bay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hudson Bay
trans_list: baia di Hudson
sense:
A gulf of Nunavut, Canada, a southern extension of the Arctic Ocean. A large arctic sea, surrounded on three sides, by Quebec on the east, Nunavut to the west, Manitoba to the southwest, Ontario on the south, and extending southeast becoming James Bay. To the north lies the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Hudsonian_godwit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hudsonian godwit
trans_list: pittima dell'Hudson
sense:
An American wader, Limosa haemastica, gathering on the shores of Hudson Bay to migrate to South America each autumn.


lexentry: eng/Hufflepuff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hufflepuff
trans_list: Tassorosso
sense:
A person having traits associated with Hufflepuff house from the Harry Potter series, including patience, justice, and loyalty or an affinity for badgers or the colours yellow and black.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hungarian
trans_list: ungherese
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hungarian
trans_list: ungherese | magiaro
sense:
A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungarian notation
trans_list: notazione ungara
sense:
(computing, programming) A naming convention in which the name of a variable indicates its data type and intended use by including abbreviations as prefixes.


lexentry: eng/Hungarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungarism
trans_list: ungarismo
sense:
(chiefly, historical) The fascist ideology of the Nazi-aligned Arrow Cross Party, which ruled Hungary from 1944 to 1945, and of its predecessors and subsequent far-right supporters.


lexentry: eng/Hungary_water__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungary water
trans_list: acqua della Regina
sense:
(historical) One of various early modern perfumes and elixirs made of rosemary, camomile or later lavender infused in various alcohols.


lexentry: eng/Huntington's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Huntington's disease
trans_list: malattia di Huntington
sense:
(disease, neurology) A hereditary disorder of the basal ganglia that leads to progressive loss of motor coordination.


lexentry: eng/Hurler_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hurler syndrome
trans_list: sindrome
sense:
(pathology, disease) A genetic disorder that results in the buildup of glycosaminoglycans due to a deficiency of alpha-L iduronidase.


lexentry: eng/Hussitism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hussitism
trans_list: hussitismo | ussitismo
sense:
(Christianity, historical) A religious reform and nationalistic movement of the Bohemian Reformation, based on the teachings of Jan Hus.


lexentry: eng/Hyacinthus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hyacinthus
trans_list: Giacinto
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Spartan youth loved and accidentally killed by Apollo. The flower hyacinth sprang from his blood.


lexentry: eng/Hyades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hyades
trans_list: Iadi
sense:
(astronomy) An open cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus, and the nearest visible such cluster to Earth.


lexentry: eng/Hydra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hydra
trans_list: Idra di Lerna
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours.


lexentry: eng/Hydra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hydra
trans_list: Idra | Idra femmina
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a serpent. It lies just south of the zodiac and contains the star Alphard.


lexentry: eng/Hydrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hydrus
trans_list: Idra Maschio
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a small serpent. It lies between the constellations Mensa and Tucana. It is not to be confused with the constellation Hydra.


lexentry: eng/Hygieia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hygieia
trans_list: Igea | Igiea
sense:
(Greek deities) The goddess and personification of health and healthiness, a daughter of Asclepius and Epione.


lexentry: eng/Hypatia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hypatia
trans_list: Ipazia
sense:
(historical) Hypatia of Alexandria (born c. AD 350–370; died 415), an Ancient Greek mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, and head of the Neoplatonic school at Alexandria.


lexentry: eng/Hypnos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hypnos
trans_list: Ipno
sense:
(Greek god) The god and personification of sleep. The son of Nyx and Erebus, twin brother of Thanatos, husband of Pasithea, and the father of the Oneiroi. His Roman counterpart is Somnus.


lexentry: eng/Hérault__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hérault
trans_list: Hérault
sense:
One of the départements in Occitanie, France (the department was named after the river). Capital: Montpellier (INSEE code 34).


lexentry: eng/Höðr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Höðr
trans_list: Höðr
sense:
(Norse mythology) The blind son of the Norse gods Odin and Frigg, whom Loki tricked into shooting Baldur with a mistletoe arrow.


lexentry: eng/IOC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: IOC
trans_list: CIO
sense:
(ornithology) Initialism of International Ornithological Committee. (now known as International Ornithologists' Union)


lexentry: eng/IP_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: IP address
trans_list: indirizzo IP
sense:
(Internet) A number assigned to each computer's or other device's network interface, which are active on a network. supporting the Internet Protocol, in order to distinguish each network interface, and hence each networked device) from every other network interface anywhere on the network.


lexentry: eng/I_can't_find_my_...__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Said after losing something.
written_rep: I can't find my ...
trans_list:
non può trovare i miei ... | non può trovare il mio ... | non può trovare la mia ... | non può trovare le mie ...


lexentry: eng/I_have_a_fever__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I have a fever
trans_list: ho la febbre
sense:
Indicates that the speaker has an abnormally high body temperature, which is usually a symptom of a disease.


lexentry: eng/I_know__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I know
trans_list: lo so
sense:
A response used to indicate that speaker was in agreement with the preceding statement before it was made.


lexentry: eng/I_know_you_are_but_what_am_I__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I know you are but what am I
trans_list: il bue che dice cornuto all'asino
sense:
(rhetorical question, colloquial, childish) Assertion that an insult made by the party to whom the phrase is directed is actually true of that party, and not of the person using the phrase. Usually considered to be a playground taunt.


lexentry: eng/I_miss_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I miss you
trans_list: mi manchi
sense:
An expression of sorrow or sadness about the absence of a family member, close friend, lover or spouse.


lexentry: eng/I_tell_a_lie__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I tell a lie
trans_list: mentire
sense:
(chiefly, British, idiomatic) I am mistaken; I thought that what I said (or wrote) was true, but I have just realised that it is not.


lexentry: eng/I_think,_therefore_I_am__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I think, therefore I am
trans_list: penso dunque sono
sense:
(philosophy) I am able to think, therefore I exist. A philosophical proof of existence based on the fact that someone capable of any form of thought necessarily exists.


lexentry: eng/I_told_you_so__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I told you so
trans_list: te l'avevo detto io
sense:
Used to remind someone that they were already warned by the speaker/writer that a certain event would happen.


lexentry: eng/Iapetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iapetus
trans_list: Giapeto
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia, and father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius.


lexentry: eng/Ibadism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ibadism
trans_list: ibadismo
sense:
(Islam) The doctrines associated with Ibadis, such as the acceptance of fewer hadiths, and the addition of Jami Sahih as a canonical hadith.


lexentry: eng/Iberian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberian Peninsula
trans_list: penisola iberica | Penisola iberica
sense:
A peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe which includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar, bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pyrenees forming the northeast edge of the peninsula, connecting it to the rest of Europe.


lexentry: eng/Iberomaurusian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberomaurusian
trans_list: iberomaurusiano
sense:
(archaeology) Of or pertaining to a population of early humans that occupied the Mediterranean littoral from Morocco to Tunisia 22,000 to 9,000 years ago


lexentry: eng/Ijekavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ijekavian
trans_list: iecavo
sense:
A dialect, group of dialects or dialect continuum of Serbo-Croatian spoken through most of Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro and parts of Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as disyllabic (triphonemic) /ije/ or diphthongal /je/ sequence.


lexentry: eng/Ikavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ikavian
trans_list: icavo
sense:
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in coastal Croatia distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /i/.


lexentry: eng/Illinois__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Illinois
trans_list: Illinois
sense:
A river in Oregon, United States that flows from the southwestern corner of the state into the Rogue River.


lexentry: eng/Illyria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Illyria
trans_list: Illiria
sense:
A region in Southeast Europe, the western part of what is now the Balkan Peninsula that was inhabited by the Illyrians, ancient Indo-European people.


lexentry: eng/Illyrologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Illyrologist
trans_list: illirologo
sense:
A scholar specializing in the history, culture and language of Illyria and Illyrians (Taulantii, Dardanians, etc.).


lexentry: eng/Immaculate_Conception__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Immaculate Conception
trans_list: immacolata concezione
sense:
(Catholicism) The doctrine, in the Roman Catholic Church, that the Virgin Mary was conceived biologically but free from original sin.


lexentry: eng/Inca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inca
trans_list: Inca
sense:
A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest.


lexentry: eng/Incarnation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Incarnation
trans_list: incarnazione
sense:
(Christianity) The doctrine that the second person of the Trinity assumed human form in the person of Jesus Christ and is fully divine and fully human.


lexentry: eng/India__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: India
trans_list: India
sense:
(chiefly, historical, proscribed, _, in modern use) A region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Indian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indian
trans_list: indiano | indiana | amerindio | amerindia | indiano d'America
sense:
An American Indian, a member of one of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (generally excluding the Aleut, Inuit, Metis, or Yupik). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_cobra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian cobra
trans_list: cobra dagli occhiali
sense:
A cobra of the species Naja naja, having on its hood two circular ocelli patterns connected by a curved line.


lexentry: eng/Indian_summer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian summer
trans_list: estate di San Martino | estate indiana
sense:
A stretch of sunny and warm, often hazy, days during late autumn. [from late 18th c., popularized in the early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_sunburn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian sunburn
trans_list: ortica
sense:
(slang) The prank of grabbing a victim's forearm in both hands and twisting the skin in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/Indianapolis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indianapolis
trans_list: Indianapolis
sense:
The capital city of Indiana, United States and the county seat of Marion County, with which the city is consolidated.


lexentry: eng/Indies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Indies
trans_list: Indie
sense:
(historical) The Western Hemisphere, during the early period of European colonization and exploration.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-European studies
trans_list: indoeuropeistica
sense:
The academic study of the Indo-European languages in relation to Proto-Indo-European, and sometimes of related humanities. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/Indochina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indochina
trans_list: Indocina
sense:
(historical) The former French colonial part of Southeast Asia comprising the peninsula containing Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.


lexentry: eng/Indonesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indonesia
trans_list: Indonesia
sense:
A country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of Indonesia (since 1950). Capital: Jakarta.


lexentry: eng/Industrial_Revolution__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Industrial Revolution
trans_list: rivoluzione industriale
sense:
(historical) The major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture.


lexentry: eng/Information_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Information Age
trans_list: era dell'informazione
sense:
The current era, characterised by the increasing importance and availability of information (especially by means of computers), as opposed to previous eras (such as the Industrial Age) in which most endeavours related to some physical process or product.


lexentry: eng/Ingush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ingush
trans_list: inguscio
sense:
A member of a Nakh people of the northeastern Caucasus, now mostly Sunni Muslim and resident in the Russian republic of Ingushetia.


lexentry: eng/Inner_Mongolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inner Mongolia
trans_list: Mongolia Interna
sense:
An autonomous region of China, south of Mongolia, with closely related native Mongolian population, mostly north of the Great Wall. Capital: Hohhot.


lexentry: eng/Instagrammable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Instagrammable
trans_list: instagrammabile
sense:
(informal) Visually attractive or interesting such that it lends itself to being photographed and posted on social media (specifically on Instagram); photogenic. [from early 21st c.]


lexentry: eng/Interlingua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Interlingua
trans_list: interlingua
sense:
A constructed interlanguage based on Romance languages, English, German, Russian and Latin, developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association, and first published in 1951.


lexentry: eng/International_Court_of_Justice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Court of Justice
trans_list: Corte internazionale di giustizia
sense:
(UN) A judicial body of the United Nations, established in 1945 to decide disputes brought by nations.


lexentry: eng/International_Criminal_Court__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Criminal Court
trans_list: Corte penale internazionale
sense:
An intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands, with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.


lexentry: eng/International_Date_Line__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Date Line
trans_list: linea internazionale del cambio di data
sense:
An imaginary line on the Earth's surface at 180° longitude, mostly through the Pacific Ocean, to the east of which the calendar date is one day earlier than to the west.


lexentry: eng/International_Monetary_Fund__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Monetary Fund
trans_list: Fondo monetario internazionale
sense:
The international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked.


lexentry: eng/International_System_of_Units__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International System of Units
trans_list: Sistema internazionale di unità di misura
sense:
(metrology) A standard set of units of measurement for use in scientific literature worldwide. The newest and most widespread version of the metric system.


lexentry: eng/Internationale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internationale
trans_list: Internazionale
sense:
A general left-wing anthem for solidarity and emancipation of the working class, dating back to the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Internet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internet
trans_list: Internet
sense:
The specific internet consisting of a global network of computers that communicate using Internet Protocol (IP) and that use Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to identify the best paths to route those communications.


lexentry: eng/Invisible_Pink_Unicorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Invisible Pink Unicorn
trans_list: Invisibile Unicorno Rosa
sense:
(Internet slang, humorous) A unicorn goddess who is simultaneously invisible and pink, used in arguments against faith in an unprovable deity.


lexentry: eng/Io__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Io
trans_list: Io
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Inachus river god, and a lover of Zeus, turned by the latter into a heifer.


lexentry: eng/Io__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Io
trans_list: Io
sense:
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter, known for its volcanic activity, peppered with about 400 active volcanoes.


lexentry: eng/Ionia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ionia
trans_list: Ionia
sense:
(historical) A former settlement in Anatolia, on the coast of the Aegean Sea; An Ancient Greek settlement on the west coast of Asia Minor inhabited by the Ionians, one of the four main Hellenic tribes.


lexentry: eng/Ionic_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ionic Greek
trans_list: ionico
sense:
The dialect of Ancient Greek used on Euboea and other islands in the Aegean Sea and in parts of Asia Minor, from around 1000 to 300 B.C.E., closely related to Attic Greek and contributing a great deal to Epic Greek. The language of Herodotus, Hippocrates, and Archilochus.


lexentry: eng/Iphigenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iphigenia
trans_list: Ifigenia
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, who is sacrificed by her father to ensure the safe journey of the Greeks to Troy.


lexentry: eng/Iran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iran
trans_list: Iran
sense:
A country in West Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran. Capital: Tehran.


lexentry: eng/Iraq__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iraq
trans_list: Iraq
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Republic of Iraq. Capital and largest city: Baghdad.


lexentry: eng/Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ireland
trans_list: Irlanda
sense:
A republic occupying the majority-area of the island of Ireland, with Northern Ireland occupying the rest of the island. Also known as the Republic of Ireland since 1949.


lexentry: eng/Irish_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Irish Sea
trans_list: Mare d'Irlanda
sense:
A sea in British Isles, Europe, in the Atlantic. A sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland; bordered to the north by the North Channel and to the south by St George's Channel and the Celtic Sea.


lexentry: eng/Iron_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Age
trans_list: età del ferro
sense:
(mythology) The most recent and debased of the four or five classical Ages of Man; hence, any period characterized by wicked behavior. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iron_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Iron Age
trans_list: età del ferro
sense:
(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100BC) [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iron_Cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Cross
trans_list: Croce di Ferro
sense:
(military) (formerly) the second highest military decoration of Germany, under the military order of the Pour le Mérite, or the cross pattée shape of this decoration.


lexentry: eng/Iron_Curtain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Curtain
trans_list: cortina di ferro
sense:
(historical) Chiefly preceded by the: the dividing line between Western Europe and the Soviet controlled regions, especially during the Cold War (1947–1991). [from early 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Isaac__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isaac
trans_list: Isacco
sense:
(biblical character) The son of Abraham and Sarah, father of Esau and Jacob, from whom the Hebrew people trace their descent.


lexentry: eng/Ishmael__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ishmael
trans_list: Ismaele
sense:
(Abrahamism, biblical character) The eldest son of Abraham and his wife's handmaiden Hagar who were cast out after the birth of Isaac; traditionally the ancestor of the Arabs via the Ishmaelites.


lexentry: eng/Isis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isis
trans_list: Iside
sense:
(Egyptian god) An ancient Egyptian goddess, the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, worshiped as the ideal mother and wife and as the matron of nature and magic.


lexentry: eng/Islam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islam
trans_list: islam
sense:
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.


lexentry: eng/Islamic_State__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islamic State
trans_list: Stato Islamico
sense:
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state.


lexentry: eng/Islamism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Islamism
trans_list: islamismo
sense:
(by extension) Islamic fundamentalism, especially the forms that promote violence, hostility, and persecution of non-believers. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Isle_of_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isle of Man
trans_list: Isola di Man
sense:
An island and crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea, part of the British Isles but not of the United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Isle_of_Wight__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isle of Wight
trans_list: isola di Wight
sense:
An island, county and unitary authority off the south coast of England in the English Channel opposite Southampton.


lexentry: eng/Israel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Israel
trans_list: Israele
sense:
(Biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.


lexentry: eng/Israelite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Israelite
trans_list: israelita
sense:
A native or inhabitant of (i) the united nation of Israel (under the Judges, and then kings Saul, David and Solomon), or (ii) the later northern kingdom centered in Samaria, distinct from kingdom of Judah centered in Jerusalem.


lexentry: eng/Istanbul__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istanbul
trans_list: Istanbul | Istambul | Stambul
sense:
A Turkish city, and the largest European city by population, which was the last capital of the Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).


lexentry: eng/Istria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istria
trans_list: Istria
sense:
A peninsula in Croatia, Slovenia and Italy, on the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea: The Istrian Peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Istro-Romanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istro-Romanian
trans_list: lingua istrorumena
sense:
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in the Istrian region of Croatia, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian.


lexentry: eng/Italian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italian Peninsula
trans_list: penisola appenninica | penisola italiana | penisola italica
sense:
A large peninsula in Southern Europe protruding into the Mediterranean Sea and shaped like a boot. The mountain range of Apennines runs across it from north to south. Occupied almost entirely by Italy.


lexentry: eng/Italian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italian
trans_list: italiano
sense:
(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/Italian_oak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italian oak
trans_list: farnetto
sense:
Quercus frainetto, a species of oak native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Italianization__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italianization
trans_list: italianizzazione
sense:
(historical) The forced cultural and ethnic assimilation of minorities in the Kingdom of Italy, with particular reference to the Fascist government (1922–1943).


lexentry: eng/Italic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italic
trans_list: italico
sense:
(Indo-European studies) Pertaining to a subfamily of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language family, that includes Latin and other languages (as Oscan, Umbrian) spoken by the peoples of ancient Italy


lexentry: eng/Italo-Norman__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italo-Norman
trans_list: italo-normanno | siculo-normanno
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to Normans who settled in Italy during or after the Norman conquest of southern Italy, or their descendants.


lexentry: eng/Italo-Norman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italo-Norman
trans_list: italo-normanno | siculo-normanno
sense:
(historical) A Norman who settled in Italy during or after the Norman conquest of southern Italy, or a descendant of one.


lexentry: eng/Italy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italy
trans_list: Italia | Stivale | bel paese
sense:
A country in Southern Europe. Official names: Italian Republic and Republic of Italy. Capital and largest city: Rome.


lexentry: eng/Ixion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ixion
trans_list: Issione
sense:
(Greek mythology) King of Lapiths, who was punished by Zeus for trying to seduce Hera by being bound to a winged fiery wheel that was always spinning.


lexentry: eng/Ixion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ixion
trans_list: Issione
sense:
(astronomy) A Kuiper belt object (KBO), 28978 Ixion (provisional designation 2001 KX76), once thought to be a possible dwarf planet.


lexentry: eng/Izmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Izmir
trans_list: Smirne
sense:
A major Turkish port city situated midway along the western Anatolian seaboard, geographically continuous with the ancient city of Smyrna.


lexentry: eng/Jack_the_Ripper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jack the Ripper
trans_list: Jack lo squartatore
sense:
A supposed individual who was an unidentified 19th century serial killer in England, who has become part of folklore.


lexentry: eng/Jacob__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jacob
trans_list: Giacobbe | Giacomo | Jacopo
sense:
(biblical character) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.


lexentry: eng/Jacobi_identity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jacobi identity
trans_list: identità di Jacobi
sense:
(mathematics) Given a binary operation × defined on a set S which also has additive operation + and additive identity 0, the property that a × (b×c) + b × (c×a) + c × (a×b) = 0 for all a, b, c in S.


lexentry: eng/Jacobite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jacobite
trans_list: giacobita
sense:
(historical) A supporter of the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland in the late 17th century. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/Jacobite__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jacobite
trans_list: giacobita
sense:
(Christianity, dated) A member of the Syriac Orthodox Church, or historically any miaphysite or monophysite. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/Jahannam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jahannam
trans_list: inferno
sense:
(Islam) Islamic concept of hell, where unfaithful Muslims not true to their religion will be punished, but will eventually be forgiven.


lexentry: eng/James__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: James
trans_list: Giacomo
sense:
One of two Apostles, James the Greater and James the Less, often identified with James, brother of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Jammu_and_Kashmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jammu and Kashmir
trans_list: Jammu e Kashmir | Kashmir e Jammu
sense:
(now, historical) A princely state which governed the region of Kashmir, the territory of which is now de facto divided between China, India, and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Jankoy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jankoy
trans_list: Giancói
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Jankoy Raion, de jure a part of that raion, de facto separate as Jankoy city municipality, in Crimea, Ukraine, occupied by Russian forces since February 2014.


lexentry: eng/Jansenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jansenism
trans_list: giansenismo
sense:
The Catholic doctrines of Cornelius Jansen and his followers, which emphasise original sin, divine grace and predestination; condemned as a heresy by Pope Innocent X in 1653


lexentry: eng/January__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: January
trans_list: gennaio
sense:
The first month of the Gregorian calendar, following the December of the previous year and preceding February. Abbreviation: Jan or Jan.


lexentry: eng/Janus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Janus
trans_list: Giano
sense:
(Roman god) The god of doorways, gates and transitions, and of beginnings and endings, having two faces looking in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/Japanese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese
trans_list: giapponese
sense:
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people living in or coming from Japan, or of Japanese ancestry.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese beetle
trans_list: scarabeo giapponese
sense:
A beetle of species Popillia japonica, with iridescent copper-colored elytra and green thorax and head, an invasive pest outside of Japan.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese studies
trans_list: iamatologia
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Japanese language, Japanese linguistics, and Japanese sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Japheth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japheth
trans_list: Jafet | Iafet
sense:
(biblical character) The third son of Noah, brother to Shem and Ham, who received a blessing from God with Shem, considered to be the ancestor of the Japhetic people(s) (associated approx. with Indo-Europeans).


lexentry: eng/Jason__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jason
trans_list: Giasone
sense:
(Greek mythology) The leader of the Argonauts, who retrieved the Golden Fleece from king Aeetes of Colchis, for his uncle Pelias.


lexentry: eng/JavaScript__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: JavaScript
trans_list: JavaScript
sense:
(computer language) A scripting programming language most commonly used to add interactive features to webpages.


lexentry: eng/Jehovah's_Witness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jehovah's Witness
trans_list: Testimone di Geova
sense:
A member of a monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.


lexentry: eng/Jehovah's_Witnesses__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jehovah's Witnesses
trans_list: Testimoni di Geova
sense:
A monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.


lexentry: eng/Jeju__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jeju
trans_list: Jeju | dialetto di Jeju
sense:
An endangered language, sometimes considered a dialect of the Korean language, spoken on the island.


lexentry: eng/Jeremiah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jeremiah
trans_list: Geremia
sense:
(Abrahamism, biblical character) An ancient prophet, the author of the Book of Jeremiah, and of the Lamentations.


lexentry: eng/Jeroboam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jeroboam
trans_list: Geroboamo
sense:
A bottle of champagne or Burgundy wine containing 3 liters of fluid, four times the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/Jeroboam__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jeroboam
trans_list: Geroboamo
sense:
A bottle of Bordeaux wine containing 4.5 liters of fluid, six times the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/Jersey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jersey
trans_list: Jersey
sense:
A dependency of the United Kingdom; the largest of the Channel Islands in the English Channel between France and England.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem
trans_list: Gerusalemme
sense:
A city in the Holy Land between the Mediterranean Sea and Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the claimed capital city of Israel and of Palestine.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem_artichoke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem artichoke
trans_list: topinambur
sense:
A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.


lexentry: eng/Jesus_Christ__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus Christ
trans_list: Gesù Cristo
sense:
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Also held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.


lexentry: eng/Jesus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus
trans_list: Gesù
sense:
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


lexentry: eng/Jew's-ear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jew's-ear
trans_list: orecchio di Giuda
sense:
A kind of edible fungus, Auricularia auricula-judae, growing on tree-trunks, formerly used for medicinal purposes.


lexentry: eng/Jew's_harp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jew's harp
trans_list: scacciapensieri
sense:
A musical instrument consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo “tongue” attached to a frame. This tongue is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note of constant pitch. Melodies can be created by changing the shape of the mouth and causing different overtones.


lexentry: eng/Jewry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jewry
trans_list: giudecca
sense:
(historical) The quarter of a town or city inhabited either partially or exclusively by Jews; historically, its main buildings were the synagogue, the ritual bath or mikve, the kosher-oriented butchery and bakery, etc. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Jezebel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jezebel
trans_list: Gezabele | Izebel
sense:
(biblical character) The Phoenician princess and Queen of Ancient Israel who appears in the Old Testament (1 Kings & 2 Kings). She incited heresy and lured the Jews away from their God and back to idols.


lexentry: eng/Joe_Public__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Joe Public
trans_list: Pinco Pallino
sense:
(idiomatic) A hypothetical average or generic member of the public; the common man (or person, by extension).


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: John
trans_list: Giovanni | Gianni
sense:
(biblical) Persons of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist; and names possibly referring to one, two or three persons, frequently called "Saint": John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos (also called John the Divine or John the Theologian).


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: John
trans_list: Vangelo di Giovanni | Vangelo secondo Giovanni
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. John, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the fourth of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: John
trans_list: Giano | Giovanni
sense:
(biblical) One of the books in the New Testament of the Bible, the epistles of John (1 John, 2 John and 3 John).


lexentry: eng/Johnson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Johnson
trans_list: Di Giovanni
sense:
A common surname transferred from the given name. The second most common surname in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Johnson_solid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Johnson solid
trans_list: solido di Johnson
sense:
(geometry) Any of a class of convex polyhedra that have regular faces but are not uniform (that is, not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms).


lexentry: eng/Jovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jovian
trans_list: gioviano
sense:
(Roman mythology) Pertaining to the Roman god Jove or Jupiter (the counterpart of the Greek god Zeus); Jove-like; befitting Jupiter.


lexentry: eng/Judah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judah
trans_list: Giuda
sense:
(biblical) The southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel.


lexentry: eng/Judaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judaism
trans_list: ebraismo | judaisimo
sense:
An Abrahamic religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle East, as documented in their religious writings, the Tanakh.


lexentry: eng/Judas_Iscariot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas Iscariot
trans_list: Giuda Iscariota
sense:
(biblical character) One of the twelve disciples of Jesus in the New Testament, who betrayed Jesus into the hands of the chief priests for 30 pieces of silver.


lexentry: eng/Judas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas
trans_list: Giuda
sense:
(biblical character) One of the twelve original Apostles of Jesus, known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.


lexentry: eng/Judas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judas
trans_list: Giuda
sense:
(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of Jude, the penultimate book of the Bible and its ascribed author, Jude the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Judas_cradle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas cradle
trans_list: Culla di Giuda
sense:
A purported torture device invented in Spain in the 16th century by the Spanish Inquisition by which the suspended victim’s orifice, usually the anus, was slowly impaled on and stretched by the pyramidal tip of the seat.


lexentry: eng/Judas_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas tree
trans_list: albero di Giuda
sense:
A small deciduous tree, Cercis siliquastrum, noted for its prolific display of deep-pink flowers in spring.


lexentry: eng/Judea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judea
trans_list: Giudea
sense:
Roman rendition of Judah. Used after the fall of the Davidic dynasty and through the period as part of the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Julian_calendar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Julian calendar
trans_list: calendario giuliano
sense:
The calendar which was used in the western world before the present-day Gregorian calendar. The Julian calendar differed in having all multiple-of-4 years as leap years.


lexentry: eng/July__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: July
trans_list: luglio
sense:
The seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following June and preceding August. Abbreviation: Jul or Jul.


lexentry: eng/June__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: June
trans_list: giugno
sense:
The sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July. Abbreviation: Jun or Jun.


lexentry: eng/Jupiter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jupiter
trans_list: Giove
sense:
(Roman god) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.


lexentry: eng/Jupiter_mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jupiter mass
trans_list: massa gioviana
sense:
(astronomy) A unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Jupiter, used to express the mass of other planets. 1 MJ = 2 × 1027 kg.


lexentry: eng/Jurassic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jurassic
trans_list: giurassico
sense:
(geology) Of or pertaining to the second period of the Mesozoic era, a time still dominated by dinosaurs.


lexentry: eng/Jurassic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jurassic
trans_list: Giurassico
sense:
(geology, paleontology) The period from 201.3±0.2 to 145 million years ago, after the Triassic and before the Cretaceous; the geologic systems of this period.


lexentry: eng/Justinian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Justinian
trans_list: Giustiniano
sense:
A family name in Late Antiquity, notably that of Justinian I, emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565.


lexentry: eng/Jute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jute
trans_list: iuto
sense:
A member of the Germanic tribe that existed in modern-day Denmark that invaded England about the same time as the Angles and the Saxons in the beginning of the Middle Ages, but were eventually integrated by the time of the Norman Conquest.


lexentry: eng/Jutland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jutland
trans_list: Jutland
sense:
A peninsula in northwestern Europe, which belongs to Denmark (depending on the definition of the southern boundary also Germany).


lexentry: eng/K__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: K
trans_list: K
sense:
(baseball) Abbreviation of strikeout. On a baseball scorecard, a frontwards K signifies striking out while swinging the bat, while a backwards K signifies striking out while looking.


lexentry: eng/Kaaba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaaba
trans_list: Ka'ba
sense:
(Islam) The nearly cubical stone temple in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam and site of the great hajj assembly.


lexentry: eng/Kabballah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabballah
trans_list: cabala
sense:
(Judaism) A body of mystical Jewish teachings based on an esoteric reading of the Hebrew scriptures.


lexentry: eng/Kadiivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kadiivka
trans_list: Kadiïvka
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name in Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1814, controlled by the Luhansk People’s Republic since 2014


lexentry: eng/Kaiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaiser
trans_list: kaiser
sense:
An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.


lexentry: eng/Kalash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kalash
trans_list: Kalash
sense:
A Dardic indigenous group residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalasha language.


lexentry: eng/Kama_Sutra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kama Sutra
trans_list: Kama Sutra
sense:
A Sanskrit treatise (sutra) setting forth rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure, love, and marriage in accordance with Hindu law.


lexentry: eng/Kamarupa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kamarupa
trans_list: Kamarupa
sense:
(historical) An early state on the Indian subcontinent, centred in Assam, prevailing from 350 CE to 1140 CE.


lexentry: eng/Kansas_City__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kansas City
trans_list: Città del Kansas | Kansas City
sense:
A large metropolitan area straddling the border between Kansas and Missouri, USA. Kansas City is split into two separate cities:


lexentry: eng/Karachi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karachi
trans_list: Karachi
sense:
The largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province.


lexentry: eng/Karakoram__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karakoram
trans_list: Karakorum
sense:
A mountain range located in Gilgit, Ladakh and Baltistan, containing more than sixty peaks above 7,000 m (22,960 ft), including K2, the second highest peak in the world.


lexentry: eng/Karluk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karluk
trans_list: Qarluq
sense:
A member of a nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in Kara-Irtysh and the Tarbagatai Mountains, closely related to the Uyghurs.


lexentry: eng/Kashmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kashmir
trans_list: Kashmir
sense:
A region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) China, India, and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Katharevousa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Katharevousa
trans_list: katharevousa
sense:
A learned, archaising form of Modern Greek, based on Classical Greek and used for formal and official purposes; it was legally displaced as the official language of Greece in 1976 by Demotic Greek.


lexentry: eng/Katyusha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Katyusha
trans_list: katiuscia | organo di Stalin
sense:
A type of artillery rocket launcher consisting of an array of rockets mounted on a truck, originated in the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Keeshond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keeshond
trans_list: keeshond
sense:
A spitz bred in the Netherlands and Germany, characterized by a fluffy coat of silver and black fur.


lexentry: eng/Kenneth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kenneth
trans_list: Canizio
sense:
A en given name, originally used in Scotland, popular in all English-speaking countries in the 20th century.


lexentry: eng/Kent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kent
trans_list: Kent
sense:
A maritime county in southeast England bordered by East Sussex, Surrey, Greater London, the North Sea and the English Channel.


lexentry: eng/Kentucky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kentucky
trans_list: Kentucky
sense:
A state of the United States. Capital: Frankfort; largest city: Louisville. Formally known as the Commonwealth of Kentucky, one of four such states known as Commonwealths.


lexentry: eng/Kepler's_equation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kepler's equation
trans_list: equazione di Keplero
sense:
(astronomy, celestial mechanics) the mathematical relationship between the mean anomaly (M) and the eccentric anomaly (E) of a planet in an elliptical orbit with eccentricity ( \textstyle \epsilon ). M = E - \epsilon \cdot \sin(E).


lexentry: eng/Kerch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kerch
trans_list: Kerč'
sense:
A port city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but de facto controlled by Russia.


lexentry: eng/Kermode_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kermode bear
trans_list: orso kermode
sense:
A subspecies of the American black bear, Ursus americanus kermodei found in British Columbia, some members of which have white or cream-colored (rather than black) skin due to a recessive gene.


lexentry: eng/Key_lime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Key lime
trans_list: lima | lime | limetta
sense:
A small yellow (when ripe, usually sold green) lime, of hybrid Citrus × aurantiifolia, especially those from southern Florida.


lexentry: eng/Keynesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keynesian
trans_list: keynesiano
sense:
(economics) Of or pertaining to an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s, and extensively extended by a large body of followers before and after his death in 1946.


lexentry: eng/Keynesianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keynesianism
trans_list: keynesismo
sense:
(economics) A prescriptive or normative economic stance according to which the state should actively stimulate economic growth and improve stability in the private sector through interest rates, taxation and public projects.


lexentry: eng/Kharkiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kharkiv
trans_list: Charkiv
sense:
(city) An industrial city, the administrative centre of Kharkiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, in eastern Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Khazar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khazar
trans_list: Cazaro | Khazaro
sense:
A member of a semi-nomadic Turkic tribe that occupied a large part of southwestern Russia and Ukraine (Khazaria).


lexentry: eng/Kherson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kherson
trans_list: Cherson
sense:
A port city, the administrative centre of Kherson raion, Kherson oblast, Ukraine, located on the Dnieper.


lexentry: eng/Khmer_Rouge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khmer Rouge
trans_list: Khmer rossi
sense:
(historical) A Cambodian communist guerrilla force active from the 1970s to the 1990s under the leadership of Pol Pot.


lexentry: eng/Khorasan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khorasan
trans_list: Khorasan
sense:
(historical) The Sassanian and post-Islamic Persian name for the region of Parthia located in north east of Persia (Iran), sometimes covering also parts of Central Asia and Afghanistan; the Greater Khorasan.


lexentry: eng/Khrushchev__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khrushchev
trans_list: Chruščëv
sense:
English transliteration of the Russian surname Хрущёв; usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Nikita Khrushchev.


lexentry: eng/Kierkegaardian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kierkegaardian
trans_list: kierkegaardiano
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) or his existentialist philosophy.


lexentry: eng/Kievan_Rus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kievan Rus
trans_list: Rus' di Kiev | Rus' di Kyiv
sense:
(historical) A medieval principality in Eastern Europe centred around Kiev; considered an early predecessor of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.


lexentry: eng/Kim__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kim
trans_list: Kim
sense:
A surname from Korean, the English form of a surname very common in Korea. (^김, hanja: 金), the most common Korean surname.


lexentry: eng/King_Arthur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: King Arthur
trans_list: Re Artù
sense:
A legendary king of Britain, said to have led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century.


lexentry: eng/King_James_Version__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: King James Version
trans_list: Bibbia di re Giacomo
sense:
(biblical, Christianity) An English translation, published in 1611, of the Bible from the original Hebrew (Old Testament) and Greek (New Testament) commissioned for the Church of England, which is the version most quoted and influential in English literature and English Protestant religious culture.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of England
trans_list: Regno d'Inghilterra
sense:
A kingdom in western Europe, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on 1 May 1707.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Heaven__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Heaven
trans_list: Regno dei Cieli
sense:
(Christianity) A concept of heaven as a hierarchical dominion with God at the top and a court of saints, archangels and angels.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Scotland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Scotland
trans_list: Regno di Scozia
sense:
A kingdom in western Europe, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on the First of May 1707.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
trans_list: Regno delle Due Sicilie
sense:
(historical) A former kingdom in southern Italy with its capital at Palermo and Naples between 1816 and 1861, covering Sicily and most of the present-day Mezzogiorno.


lexentry: eng/Kinshasa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kinshasa
trans_list: Kinshasa
sense:
The capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River.


lexentry: eng/Kiribati__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kiribati
trans_list: Kiribati
sense:
A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Kiribati. Capital and largest city: South Tarawa.


lexentry: eng/Klein_bottle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klein bottle
trans_list: bottiglia di Klein | otre di Klein
sense:
(topology) The closed manifold obtained by identifying the boundary components of the annulus so that the resultant surface is nonorientable.


lexentry: eng/Klingon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klingon
trans_list: klingon | klingoniana | klingoniano
sense:
(countable) Member of an alien warrior race in the Star Trek universe with distinctive forehead ridges and a culture based on strict observance of honour, loyalty, and combat.


lexentry: eng/Klyazma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klyazma
trans_list: Klyaz'ma
sense:
A river wholly within Russia, originating near Solnechnogorsk (Moscow Oblast) in the Moscow Uplands, whence it flows into and through Vladimir Oblast, approximately delineating its border with Ivanovo Oblast from near Repniki to near Mstyora, before returning to Vladimir’s interior, and thereafter approximately delineating its border with Nizhny Novgorod Oblast from near the point at which the river is bridged by the Volga Highway (E22) to its confluence with the Oka, whereof it forms a left tributary.


lexentry: eng/Knights_Templar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Knights Templar
trans_list: Cavalieri templari
sense:
(historical) A chiefly military order of medieval knights that existed for nearly two centuries during the Crusades


lexentry: eng/Koblenz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koblenz
trans_list: Coblenza
sense:
An independent city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, at the confluence of the Rhine and Moselle Rivers.


lexentry: eng/Kodiak_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kodiak bear
trans_list: orso Kodiak
sense:
The largest brown bear, Ursus arctos middendorffi, found on Kodiak Island off the south coast of Alaska, United States.


lexentry: eng/Koine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koine
trans_list: koinè
sense:
The “common” Greek language that developed and flourished between 300 B.C.E. and 300 C.E. (the time of the Roman Empire), and from which Modern Greek descended. It was based on the Attic and Ionian dialects of Ancient Greek.


lexentry: eng/Komodo_dragon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komodo dragon
trans_list: drago di Komodo | varano di Komodo
sense:
Varanus komodoensis, an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.


lexentry: eng/Komsomolsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komsomolsk
trans_list: Komsomol'sk | Komsomol'sk-na-Amure
sense:
A city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, on the Amur river; in full, Komsomolsk-na-Amure or Komsomolsk-on-Amur.


lexentry: eng/Korea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korea
trans_list: Corea
sense:
A nation and peninsula in East Asia. Now divided into two sovereign states, commonly called South Korea and North Korea.


lexentry: eng/Korean_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean War
trans_list: guerra di Corea
sense:
(historical) A war fought in the Korean Peninsula from 1950–1953 between the Soviet Union-backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United Nations-backed Republic of Korea.


lexentry: eng/Korean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean
trans_list: coreano
sense:
(uncountable) Official language of the people residing on the Korean Peninsula, and language of approximately 60 million people, in Asia, North America, and elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/Korybant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korybant
trans_list: coribante
sense:
(historical) Any of a group of crested male dancers who worshipped the Phrygian goddess Cybele with drumming and dancing.


lexentry: eng/Korçë__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korçë
trans_list: Coriza
sense:
A city in southeastern Albania, located on a plateau west of the mountain of Morava; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


lexentry: eng/Kosovo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kosovo
trans_list: Kosovo | Cossovo | Kossovo
sense:
A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Kosovo. Capital and largest city: Pristina. Considered by the Republic of Serbia to be one of its two autonomous provinces.


lexentry: eng/Kosovo_and_Metohia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kosovo and Metohia
trans_list: Cossovo e Metochia
sense:
An autonomous province of Serbia; a term used of Kosovo by those who do not recognize the Republic of Kosovo.


lexentry: eng/Kraken__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kraken
trans_list: Kraken
sense:
(Norse mythology) A colossal sea monster that attacks ships and sailors, often portrayed as a giant octopus or squid.


lexentry: eng/Krasnodar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Krasnodar
trans_list: Krasnodar
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, called Yekaterinodar before December 1920.


lexentry: eng/Krebs_cycle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Krebs cycle
trans_list: ciclo di Krebs
sense:
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A series of enzymatic reactions that occurs in all aerobic organisms; it involves the oxidative metabolism of acetyl units, and serves as the main source of cellular energy.


lexentry: eng/Kremlin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kremlin
trans_list: Cremlino
sense:
The Moscow Kremlin; a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia that serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.


lexentry: eng/Krishna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Krishna
trans_list: Krishna
sense:
(Hinduism) A deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism. Krishna is often depicted as a young cowherd boy with a dark or blue complexion playing a flute (as in the Bhagavata Purana) or a youthful prince giving philosophical direction and guidance (as in the Bhagavad Gita). He is the divine speaker of the Bhagavad Gita and the eighth avatar of Vishnu.


lexentry: eng/Kuban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kuban
trans_list: Kuban'
sense:
(by extension) a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga delta and the Caucasus.


lexentry: eng/Kufic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kufic
trans_list: cufico
sense:
Original form of Arabic script, consisting of a modified form of Old South Arabian and old Nabataean scripts.


lexentry: eng/Kuiper_belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuiper belt
trans_list: fascia di Kuiper
sense:
(astronomy) A region of space between 30 and 50 astronomical units from the Sun, roughly confined within a thick band around the ecliptic of the Solar System. This area is populated by many thousands of trans-Neptunian objects.


lexentry: eng/Kuomintang__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuomintang
trans_list: Kuomintang
sense:
A nationalist political party founded under Sun Yat-sen in 1912 that ruled mainland China from 1928 to 1949, now one of three major parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan).


lexentry: eng/Kurd__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurd
trans_list: curdo
sense:
A member of the linguistically and culturally distinct people who speak Kurdish and mainly inhabit those parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria sometimes known as Kurdistan.


lexentry: eng/Kurdish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurdish
trans_list: curdo
sense:
Family of Indo-Iranian languages of Kurdistan (in the Mesopotamia region, from the Zagros of mid-western Iran to the eastern extension of the chain of the Taurus Mountains).


lexentry: eng/Kurdistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurdistan
trans_list: Kurdistan | Curdistan
sense:
A region in the Middle East inhabited mostly by the Kurds. It encompasses parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria.


lexentry: eng/Kuril_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuril Islands
trans_list: Isole Curili
sense:
An archipelago between Japan and Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the north Pacific Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Kuwait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuwait
trans_list: Kuwait
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: State of Kuwait. Capital: Kuwait City.


lexentry: eng/Kyrgyzstan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kyrgyzstan
trans_list: Kirghizistan
sense:
A country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China. Official name: Kyrgyz Republic. Capital: Bishkek.


lexentry: eng/L'Hôpital's_rule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: L'Hôpital's rule
trans_list: regola di De l'Hôpital
sense:
(mathematics) The rule that the limit of the ratio of two functions equals the limit of the ratio of their derivatives, usable when the former limit is indeterminate and the latter limit exists.


lexentry: eng/LaVeyan_Satanism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: LaVeyan Satanism
trans_list: satanismo di LaVey
sense:
The atheistic religion of the Church of Satan, which is characterized by materialism and rejects all things supernatural, such as body and soul dualism and the concept of life after death.


lexentry: eng/La_Pérouse_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Pérouse Strait
trans_list: stretto di La Pérouse
sense:
A strait dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin in the north from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, and connecting the Sea of Japan on the west with the Sea of Okhotsk on the east.


lexentry: eng/La_Rochelle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Rochelle
trans_list: La Rochelle
sense:
A port city, the capital of the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France, on the Bay of Biscay, formerly in Poitou-Charentes.


lexentry: eng/Labour_Party__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Labour Party
trans_list: partito operaio
sense:
Any of various political parties that aim to advance the interests of the working class, often characterized by left-of-centre politics and support for organized labour.


lexentry: eng/Labrador_duck__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Labrador duck
trans_list: anatra del Labrador
sense:
†Camptorhynchus labradorius, an extinct sea duck that was never common, believed to be the first bird to become extinct in North America after 1500.


lexentry: eng/Lacanian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lacanian
trans_list: lacaniano
sense:
(psychoanalysis) Of, pertaining to, or resembling the psychoanalytical views of Jacques Lacan (1901–1981).


lexentry: eng/Lacerta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lacerta
trans_list: Lucertola
sense:
(constellation) An inconspicuous autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lizard. It lies between the constellations of Cygnus and Andromeda.


lexentry: eng/Lachesis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lachesis
trans_list: Lachesi
sense:
(Greek god) One of the three Fates (Moirae), daughter of Zeus and Themis; the measurer of each thread of life. Her Roman equivalent is Decima.


lexentry: eng/Laconia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laconia
trans_list: Laconia
sense:
A region in the southern Peloponnese, Greece, which has had Sparta as its capital for over 3,000 years.


lexentry: eng/Ladin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladin
trans_list: ladino
sense:
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Ladino__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladino
trans_list: ladino
sense:
A Romance language mainly spoken by Sephardic Jews (Wikipedia), derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew.


lexentry: eng/Ladoga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladoga
trans_list: lago Ladoga
sense:
A freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, not far from Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Lady__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lady
trans_list: Signora
sense:
An aristocratic title for a woman; the wife of a lord and/or a woman who holds the position in her own right; a title for a peeress, the wife of a peer or knight, and the daughters and daughters-in-law of certain peers.


lexentry: eng/Lagrange_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lagrange point
trans_list: punto di Lagrange
sense:
(astrophysics, orbital mechanics) A point in an orbital configuration of a two-body system where a small object affected only by gravity can theoretically be stationary relative to the two larger objects.


lexentry: eng/Lagrangian_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lagrangian function
trans_list: lagrangiana | funzione lagrangiana
sense:
(mathematics) A function of the generalized coordinates and velocities of a dynamic system from which Lagrange's equations may be derived.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Constance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Constance
trans_list: lago di Costanza | lago Bodanico
sense:
A lake on the Rhine located at the intersection of Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg), Switzerland (St. Gallen, Thurgau and Schaffhausen) and Austria (Vorarlberg). It consists of two parts, the Obersee in the east and northwest (Überlinger See) and the much smaller Untersee in the west.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Geneva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Geneva
trans_list: lago Lemano | Lemano
sense:
A large lake in Europe, mainly in Switzerland, but with most of its southern shore in France; the city of Geneva is situated at its south-west end.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Michigan-Huron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Michigan-Huron
trans_list: lago Michigan-Huron
sense:
One of the Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically a single lake, its two basins are traditionally counted as separate lakes, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.


