# translation

lexentry: eng/harpy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: harpy
trans_list: га́рпия | гарпия
sense:
(mythological creature) A mythological creature generally depicted as a bird-of-prey with the head of maiden, a face pale with hunger and long claws on her hands personifying the destructive power of storm winds.


lexentry: eng/harrier__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: harrier
trans_list: лунь
sense:
Any of several birds of prey in the genus Circus of the subfamily Circinae which fly low over meadows and marshes and hunt small mammals or birds.


lexentry: eng/harrow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: harrow
trans_list: борона́ | борона
sense:
A device consisting of a heavy framework having several disks or teeth in a row, which is dragged across ploughed land to smooth or break up the soil, to remove weeds or cover seeds; a harrow plow.


lexentry: eng/hartwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum) or any plant of genus Tordylium.
written_rep: hartwort
trans_list:
оле́ний ко́рень | оле́ний хвост | оле́ний хо́бот | оле́ній ко́рень | оле́ній хвостъ | оле́ній хо́ботъ


lexentry: eng/has-been__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: has-been
trans_list: челове́к, потеря́вший былу́ю сла́ву
sense:
(pejorative) A person, especially one formerly popular or influential, who continues in their field after their popularity or effectiveness has peaked and is now in decline.


lexentry: eng/hashish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hashish
trans_list: анаша́ | гаши́ш
sense:
The leaves and tender parts of the Indian hemp plant (which are intoxicating), which are dried for either chewing or smoking.


lexentry: eng/hashtag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hashtag
trans_list: ме́тка | хеште́г | хэште́г
sense:
(Internet) A metadata tag, signaled by a preceding hash sign (#), used to label content. [from 2007]


lexentry: eng/hat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hat
trans_list: головно́й убо́р | ша́пка | шля́па | шляпа
sense:
A covering for the head, often in the approximate form of a cone, dome or cylinder closed at its top end, and sometimes having a brim and other decoration.


lexentry: eng/hat__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: hat
trans_list: головно́й убо́р | ша́пка | шля́па | шляпа
sense:
(Cambridge University slang, obsolete) A student who is also the son of a nobleman (and so allowed to wear a hat instead of a mortarboard).


lexentry: eng/hat_rack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hat rack
trans_list: вешалка
sense:
(US) A piece of furniture used to store hats and clothing, consisting of a pole with pegs on a moderately broad base; a hatstand.


lexentry: eng/hat_trick__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: hat trick
trans_list: хет-трик
sense:
(sports, by extension) Three achievements in a single game, or similar, such as three consecutive wins.


lexentry: eng/hatch__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hatch
trans_list: люк | шлюз
sense:
An opening in a wall at window height for the purpose of serving food or other items. A pass through.


lexentry: eng/hatch__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: hatch
trans_list: люк | лаз | лазе́йка
sense:
A small door in large mechanical structures and vehicles such as aircraft and spacecraft often provided for access for maintenance.


lexentry: eng/hatchway__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hatchway
trans_list: люк
sense:
A means of passing through a wall or floor, having a hatch (especially on a ship); a doorway with a hatch rather than a door.


lexentry: eng/hate_crime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hate crime
trans_list: [[преступле́ние]] на [[почва|по́чве]] [[ненависть|не́нависти]]
sense:
A crime motivated by hate for a race, gender, religion, etc., which may result in harsh punishments, the severity of which varies by statute and the nature of the crime.


lexentry: eng/hate_speech__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hate speech
trans_list: язык вражды
sense:
Speech that attacks or disparages a person or group of persons on the basis of origin, race, nationality, ethnicity, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.


lexentry: eng/hauberk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hauberk
trans_list: кольчуга
sense:
A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless.


lexentry: eng/haul__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: haul
trans_list: заку́пка | уло́в
sense:
An amount of something that has been taken, especially of fish, illegal loot, or items purchased on a shopping trip.


lexentry: eng/haul__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: haul
trans_list: букси́ровать | тащи́ть
sense:
(transitive) To carry or transport something, with a connotation that the item is heavy or otherwise difficult to move.


lexentry: eng/haulm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: haulm
trans_list: соло́ма
sense:
(uncountable) The stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching.


lexentry: eng/haunch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: haunch
trans_list: ля́жка
sense:
(anatomy) The area encompassing the upper thigh, hip and buttocks on one side of a human, primate, or quadruped animal, especially one that can sit on its hindquarters.


lexentry: eng/haunted_house__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: haunted house
trans_list: дом с [[привидение|привиде́ниями]]
sense:
A amusement attraction in which a building or series of rooms is decorated to frighten the people who pass through.


lexentry: eng/have-nots__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have-nots
trans_list: неимущий
sense:
The poor or underprivileged, contrasted with those who have possessions, power or wealth: the haves.


lexentry: eng/have_a_bone_to_pick__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have a bone to pick
trans_list: иметь претензию
sense:
(idiomatic, usually followed by with) To have a complaint or grievance (with somebody); to have a contentious issue to discuss.


lexentry: eng/have_a_go__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: have a go
trans_list: задираться | песочить | придираться | цапаться
sense:
(intransitive, informal, idiomatic, UK, Australia) To tell off (especially unnecessarily or excessively), to criticise.


lexentry: eng/have_a_say__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiom, intransitive) To (receive the opportunity to) voice one's opinion.
written_rep: have a say
trans_list:
[[вы́сказать]] своё [[мне́ние]] | [[выска́зывать]] своё [[мне́ние]] | [[име́ть]] [[пра́во]] [[голос|го́лоса]]


lexentry: eng/have_a_word__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have a word
trans_list: поговори́ть
sense:
(idiomatic, meiosis) To speak to someone, usually and especially in private, often in order to admonish.


lexentry: eng/have_an_affair__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have an affair
sense:
To engage in a romantic or sexual relationship while being married. (This entry is a translation hub.)

trans_list:
[[име́ть]] [[любовный|любо́вную]] связь | [[име́ть]] [[рома́н]] | [[крути́ть]] [[амур|аму́ры]] | гуля́ть | измени́ть | изменя́ть


lexentry: eng/have_bats_in_one's_belfry__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiomatic, intransitive) To be crazy or eccentric.
written_rep: have bats in one's belfry
trans_list:
винтика в голове не хватает | кры́ша пое́хала | не все дома | сорвало ба́шню | шарики за ро́лики заехали


lexentry: eng/have_had_it_up_to_here__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have had it up to here
trans_list: сыт по го́рло
sense:
(idiomatic) To have become very frustrated or angry; to have reached the limit of one's patience or forbearance.


lexentry: eng/have_mercy__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have mercy
trans_list: пощадить
sense:
(usually, _, in, _, the, _, imperative) To show mercy or compassion; to stop inflicting punishment or a barrage.


lexentry: eng/have_one's_cake_and_eat_it_too__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have one's cake and eat it too
trans_list: и рыбку съесть, и косточкой не подавиться
sense:
(idiomatic) To benefit by having two things which are mutually incompatible (such as eating a piece of cake and yet still possessing that piece for future use).


lexentry: eng/have_one's_way_with__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have one's way with
trans_list: лежать
sense:
(idiomatic, euphemistic) To engage (as the more active or dominant partner) in sexual intercourse with, especially without the consent of one's partner; rape.


lexentry: eng/have_one's_work_cut_out_for_one__Verb__1
written_rep: have one's work cut out for one
trans_list:
[[име́ть]] [[пе́ред]] [[собо́й]] [[трудный|тру́дную]] [[задача|зада́чу]] | [[име́ть]] [[по го́рло]] [[работа|рабо́ты]] | придётся [[попоте́ть]]


lexentry: eng/have_sex__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
sense: To engage in any sexual act.
written_rep: have sex
trans_list:
[[занима́ться]] [[любовь|любо́вью]] | [[занима́ться]] [[секс|се́ксом]] | [[заня́ться]] [[любовь|любо́вью]] | [[заня́ться]] [[секс|се́ксом]] | сноша́ться | совокупля́ться


lexentry: eng/have_someone_by_the_short_hairs__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have someone by the short hairs
trans_list: держа́ть на коротком поводке
sense:
(idiomatic) To have someone in a difficult situation in which he or she is without alternatives and can be controlled.


lexentry: eng/have_time__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: have time
trans_list: успевать
sense:
(intransitive) To be available, to have the time, to be without commitments over a certain period of time (thus being able to choose what to do with it, instead of following a schedule).


lexentry: eng/haversack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: haversack
trans_list: хлебница
sense:
A small, strong bag carried on the back or the shoulder, usually with only one strap, and originally made of canvas.


lexentry: eng/hawk__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hawk
trans_list: продава́ть
sense:
(transitive) To sell; to offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle.


lexentry: eng/hawkbit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hawkbit
trans_list: Кульбаба
sense:
Any dandelion-like flower of the genera Leontodon, Scorzoneroides, and others in subtribe Hypochaeridinae, in the family Asteraceae.


lexentry: eng/hawksbeard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hawksbeard
trans_list: ске́рда
sense:
Any of various annual and perennial flowering plants of the genus Crepis, superficially resembling the dandelion.


lexentry: eng/hawthorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hawthorn
trans_list: боя́рышник | боярышник
sense:
Any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Crataegus having small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches


lexentry: eng/hay_fever__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hay fever
trans_list: сенна́я лихора́дка
sense:
(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.


lexentry: eng/haymaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: haymaker
trans_list: нокаут
sense:
(informal, fisticuffs) A particularly powerful punch, especially one which knocks down an opponent, thrown like a scythe chop for cutting hay, as agricultural haymakers used to have strong arms.


lexentry: eng/haywire__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: haywire
trans_list: беспоря́дочный | ненорма́льный
sense:
Behaviorally erratic or uncontrollable, especially of a machine or mechanical process; usually used with the verb "go".


lexentry: eng/haze__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: haze
trans_list: ды́мка | мгла | тума́н
sense:
Very fine solid particles (smoke, dust) or liquid droplets (moisture) suspended in the air, slightly limiting visibility. (Compare fog, mist.)


lexentry: eng/haze__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: haze
trans_list: помутне́ние
sense:
(figuratively) Any state suggestive of haze in the atmosphere, such as mental confusion or vagueness of memory.


lexentry: eng/haze__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: haze
trans_list: ту́склость
sense:
(uncountable, engineering, packaging) The degree of cloudiness or turbidity in a clear glass or plastic, measured in percent.


lexentry: eng/hazing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hazing
trans_list: дедовщина
sense:
(US, Philippines) An initiation or behavior that involves humiliation, harassment or abuse, particularly in universities and in the military.


lexentry: eng/he__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: he
trans_list: он
sense:
(personal, sometimes, _, proscribed, see usage notes) They; he or she (a person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant).


lexentry: eng/he_who_digs_a_pit_for_others_falls_in_himself__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: he who digs a pit for others falls in himself
trans_list: не рой другому яму, сам в неё попадёшь
sense:
Someone that plans harm or misfortune for others may also inadvertently be the recipient of that same misfortune.


lexentry: eng/he_who_hesitates_is_lost__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: he who hesitates is lost
trans_list: промедле́ние сме́рти подо́бно
sense:
A person who spends too much time contemplating what to do may miss a valuable but fleeting opportunity.


lexentry: eng/he_who_smelt_it_dealt_it__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: he who smelt it dealt it
trans_list: кто признался тот и обосрался
sense:
(colloquial, originally) A person who calls attention to or complains about a flatus is likely trying to pretend it wasn't their own.


lexentry: eng/he_who_smelt_it_dealt_it__Proverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: he who smelt it dealt it
trans_list: кто признался тот и обосрался
sense:
(colloquial, by extension) Used to suggest that a person calling attention to or complaining about a given problem may in fact be the source of the problem.


lexentry: eng/head__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: head
trans_list: башка́ | глава́ | голова́ | голова
sense:
(countable) The part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth, and main sense organs.


lexentry: eng/head__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: head
trans_list: голо́вка | голова
sense:
The end of a nail, screw, bolt, or similar fastener which is opposite the point; usually blunt and relatively wide.


lexentry: eng/head__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: head
trans_list: глава́
sense:
The end of a rectangular table furthest from the entrance; traditionally considered a seat of honor.


lexentry: eng/head__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: head
trans_list: галью́н
sense:
(linguistics) A morpheme that determines the category of a compound or the word that determines the syntactic type of the phrase of which it is a member.


lexentry: eng/head_in_the_clouds__Phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: head in the clouds
trans_list: вита́ть в облака́х
sense:
(metaphorical, usually with have or with) Used to indicate that a person has fantastic or impractical dreams


lexentry: eng/head_louse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: head louse
trans_list: головна́я вошь
sense:
A parasitic insect, Pediculus humanus capitis, which lives among the hairs on the head of a human and feeds on blood.


lexentry: eng/head_of_government__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: head of government
trans_list: глава́ прави́тельства
sense:
The chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet; usually called Prime Minister (in a parliamentary system) or President (in a presidential system).


lexentry: eng/head_of_state__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: head of state
trans_list: глава́ госуда́рства | глава государства
sense:
The chief public representative of a nation having duties, privileges and responsibilities varying greatly depending on the constitutional rules; a monarch in a monarchy, and often styled president in a republic, but variations such as collegiality exist.


lexentry: eng/head_start__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: head start
trans_list: преиму́щество | фо́ра
sense:
(idiomatic) An advantage consisting in starting a competition or task earlier than might be expected; given (or taken), for example, prior to the beginning of a race.


lexentry: eng/headbutt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headbutt
trans_list: уда́р ба́шкой | уда́р голово́й
sense:
A sharp blow delivered by driving the head into an opponent or object, generally by lowering the head and charging forward or by rapidly tilting the head backward and then forward.


lexentry: eng/header__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: header
trans_list: заголо́вок
sense:
Text, or other visual information, used to mark off a quantity of text, often titling or summarizing it.


lexentry: eng/header__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: header
trans_list: тычо́к
sense:
(masonry) A brick that is laid sideways at the top of a wall or within the brickwork with the short side showing.


lexentry: eng/headhouse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headhouse
trans_list: вестибюль
sense:
The portion of a passenger railway terminal not housing the tracks and platforms, comprising ticket counters, baggage facilities, etc.


lexentry: eng/headhunter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headhunter
trans_list: охо́тник за голова́ми
sense:
(anthropology) A person who practises headhunting, the taking and preserving of a person's head after killing them.


lexentry: eng/heading__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heading
trans_list: курс | направле́ние
sense:
(nautical and aeronautical) The direction into which a seagoing or airborne vessel's bow is pointing (apparent heading) and/or the direction into which it is actually moving relative to the ground (true heading)


lexentry: eng/headlight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headlight
trans_list: фа́ра | фара
sense:
A bright light, with a lens and reflector, on the front of a motor vehicle (or originally a ship or train), designed to illuminate the road when driving at night; normally one of a pair.


lexentry: eng/headlock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headlock
trans_list: галстук
sense:
A wrestling move where the attacker puts their arm tightly round their opponent's head, which the opponent can't easily escape from.


lexentry: eng/headquarters__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headquarters
trans_list: штаб | штаб-кварти́ра
sense:
The military installation from which troops are commanded and orders are issued; the military unit consisting of a commander and his support staff.


lexentry: eng/headquarters__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
sense: The center of an organization's operations or administration.
written_rep: headquarters
trans_list:
[[гла́вный]] [[о́фис]] | [[главный|гла́вное]] [[управле́ние]] | [[головно́й]] [[о́фис]] | центр | штаб-кварти́ра


lexentry: eng/heads-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heads-up
trans_list: предупреждение
sense:
(chiefly, US, idiomatic) A warning or call to pay attention; an advisory notice; a notice of what is to happen; a holler.


lexentry: eng/heads_or_tails__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heads or tails
trans_list: орля́нка | орёл [[и́ли]] [[ре́шка]]
sense:
(idiomatic) The practice of flipping a coin in the air, to choose between two alternatives based on which side lands face up.


lexentry: eng/headscarf__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headscarf
trans_list: косы́нка | плато́к | шаль
sense:
A more or less square piece of material worn over the head, typically by women, often to protect the hair, or for religious reasons.


lexentry: eng/headset__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headset
trans_list: нау́шники
sense:
A pair of headphones or earphones, or a singular headphone or earphone, typically with an attached microphone.


lexentry: eng/headstock__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: headstock
trans_list: голо́вка
sense:
The part of a lute-type string instrument, such as a guitar, that holds the tuning pegs or tensioning screws of the strings.


lexentry: eng/headway__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: headway
trans_list: дистанция | интерва́л | промежу́ток | расстоя́ние
sense:
(countable, transport) The interval of time or distance between the fronts of two vehicles (e.g. buses) moving in succession in the same direction, especially along the same pre-determined route.


lexentry: eng/headwind__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: headwind
trans_list: [[встре́чный]] [[ве́тер]]
sense:
(transitive, uncommon) To blow directly against the course of a vehicle, like an aircraft, train, or ship.


lexentry: eng/health__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: health
trans_list: здоро́вье | здра́вие | здоровье
sense:
The state of being free from physical or psychological disease, illness, or malfunction; wellness. [from 11th c.]


lexentry: eng/health__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: health
trans_list: здоро́вье | здоровье
sense:
A state of well-being or balance, often physical but sometimes also mental and social; the overall level of function of an organism from the cellular (micro) level to the social (macro) level.


lexentry: eng/health_care__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: health care
trans_list: здравоохране́ние
sense:
The prevention, treatment, and management of illness or the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions.


lexentry: eng/health_club__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: health club
trans_list: спорти́вно-оздорови́тельный центр | спорти́вный клуб | фи́тнес-клуб
sense:
A facility with exercise equipment, and sometimes instructors, open to the public or those on some membership list.


lexentry: eng/heap__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heap
trans_list: во́рох | гру́да | ки́па | ку́ча
sense:
A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation.


lexentry: eng/heap__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: heap
trans_list: ку́ча
sense:
(computing) A data structure consisting of trees in which each node is greater than all its children.


lexentry: eng/hear,_hear__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hear, hear
trans_list: подходящий
sense:
(often after a toast) Let us hear and applaud the previous speaker; I endorse the previous statement; expression of support, agreement, or enthusiasm for what has just been said.


lexentry: eng/hear__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hear
trans_list: слы́шать | услы́шать | слышать
sense:
(transitive, stative) To perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/hear_of__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hear of
trans_list: слы́хивать | слы́шать | слыха́ть
sense:
To become aware of (a subject, person) through second-hand knowledge, or not through personal experience.


lexentry: eng/hear_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hear out
trans_list: вы́слушать
sense:
(idiomatic, transitive) To listen to someone until that person has finished speaking; to thoroughly consider all aspects of someone's argument.


lexentry: eng/hearing__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: hearing
trans_list: [[слу́шание]] [[дело|де́ла]] | разбира́тельство | слу́шание
sense:
(countable, legal) A legal procedure done before a judge, without a jury, as with an evidentiary hearing.


lexentry: eng/hearken__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hearken
trans_list: вне́млить | внима́ть | вы́слушать
sense:
(intransitive) To listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered; to hear with attention, compliance, or obedience.


lexentry: eng/hearsay__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hearsay
trans_list: [[показание|показа́ния]] с [[чужой|чужи́х]] слов
sense:
(law) Evidence based on the reports of others, which is normally inadmissible because it was not made under oath, rather than on personal knowledge.


lexentry: eng/hearse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hearse
trans_list: балдахи́н
sense:
A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies.


lexentry: eng/hearse__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: hearse
trans_list: дро́ги | катафа́лк
sense:
A carriage or vehicle specially adapted or used for transporting a dead person to the place of funeral or to the grave.


lexentry: eng/heart-shaped__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heart-shaped
trans_list: сердцеви́дный | сердцеобра́зный
sense:
Having the traditional shape of a heart (♥), that is pointed at one end and indented at the opposite side.


lexentry: eng/heart__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heart
trans_list: сердце | се́рдце
sense:
(anatomy) A muscular organ that pumps blood through the body, traditionally thought to be the seat of emotion.


lexentry: eng/heart__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: heart
trans_list: се́рдце | сердце
sense:
The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, etc.; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; usually in a good sense; personality.


lexentry: eng/heart_attack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heart attack
trans_list: инфа́ркт | инфа́ркт миока́рда | серде́чный при́ступ
sense:
(cardiology) An acute myocardial infarction, sometimes fatal, caused by the sudden occurrence of coronary thrombosis, which obstructs the blood supply to the heart and leads to necrosis of heart muscle tissue.


lexentry: eng/heart_failure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heart failure
trans_list: серде́чная недоста́точность | серде́чная сла́бость
sense:
(cardiology, pathology) The chronic inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body, leading to a pooling of blood and shortness of breath.


lexentry: eng/heart_of_grace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heart of grace
trans_list: curaj
sense:
(archaic) Chiefly preceded by get, give, take, etc.: courage or relief, especially when gained as a result of favour shown to one.


lexentry: eng/heart_of_palm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heart of palm
trans_list: [[сердцеви́на]] [[пальма|па́льмы]]
sense:
A vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees, especially the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), which is often grown for the purpose.


lexentry: eng/heart_rate_monitor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heart rate monitor
trans_list: пульсометр
sense:
A wearable device that allows a user to measure their heart rate in real time, usually consisting of a chest strap transmitter and a wrist receiver.


lexentry: eng/heart_valve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heart valve
trans_list: серде́чный кла́пан
sense:
(anatomy, cardiology) Any of the valves in the heart which prevent blood from moving in the wrong direction.


lexentry: eng/heartbreaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heartbreaker
trans_list: разбива́тель серде́ц | разбива́тельница серде́ц | сердцее́д | сердцее́дка
sense:
A person, usually attractive, who flirts with or otherwise enamours another person, but does not reciprocate their love.


lexentry: eng/heartland__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heartland
trans_list: сердце
sense:
The interior part of a region, especially when contrasted with coastal parts or when regarded as particularly powerful or significant.


lexentry: eng/hearts__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hearts
trans_list: че́рви | че́рвы
sense:
(card games, uncountable) A trick-taking card game in which players are penalized for taking hearts and (especially) the queen of spades.


lexentry: eng/heartstrings__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: heartstrings
trans_list: [[сердечный|серде́чные]] [[струна|стру́ны]]
sense:
(anatomy) The cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.


lexentry: eng/heartworm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heartworm
trans_list: серде́чный червь
sense:
(veterinary medicine) A parasitic organism that afflicts dogs, of species Dirofilaria immitis of roundworms.


lexentry: eng/heat__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: heat
trans_list: те́чка
sense:
(uncountable) A condition where a mammal is aroused sexually or where it is especially fertile and therefore eager to mate; oestrus.


lexentry: eng/heat__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heat
trans_list: греть | нагре́ть | нагрева́ть | разогре́ть | разогрева́ть
sense:
(transitive) To cause an increase in temperature of (an object or space); to cause to become hot (often with "up").


lexentry: eng/heat__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: heat
trans_list: возбуди́ть | возбужда́ть | разогре́ть | разогрева́ть
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To excite ardour in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.


lexentry: eng/heat_capacity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heat capacity
trans_list: теплоёмкость
sense:
(physics) The capability of a system to absorb heat energy; the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a system by one temperature unit without any change of phase.


lexentry: eng/heat_death__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heat death
trans_list: теплова́я смерть
sense:
(physics) The state of a thermodynamic system having reached a maximum entropy; temperature is uniform throughout, and no energy is available to do work.


lexentry: eng/heat_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heat engine
trans_list: теплова́я маши́на
sense:
(thermodynamics) Any device which converts heat energy into mechanical work, by moving heat from a source to a sink.


lexentry: eng/heat_exchanger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heat exchanger
trans_list: теплообме́нник
sense:
(physics) Any device (such as a radiator) that transfers heat from one fluid to another via a separating wall.


lexentry: eng/heat_map__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heat map
trans_list: тепловая карта
sense:
A two-dimensional graphic representation of data in which different values are represented by different colours.


lexentry: eng/heat_pump__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heat pump
trans_list: тепловой насос
sense:
A device that transfers thermal energy between spaces using a refrigeration cycle, usually between an enclosed space and the outdoors.


lexentry: eng/heat_stroke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heat stroke
trans_list: теплово́й уда́р
sense:
(medicine, countable, or, uncountable) An illness caused by overheating a person or animal beyond its body's capacity to regulate internal temperature.


lexentry: eng/heathen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heathen
trans_list: язы́чник | язы́чница
sense:
A pagan; someone who is neither Christian nor Jewish (other Abrahamic or monotheistic religions may or may not be included)


lexentry: eng/heathland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heathland
trans_list: вересковые пустоши
sense:
A tract of scrubland habitats characterised by open, low growing woody vegetation, found on mainly infertile acidic soils. Similar to moorland but with warmer and drier climate.


lexentry: eng/heaven__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: heaven
trans_list: рай | небеса́ | небеса | небо
sense:
(religion, by extension, often capitalized) The afterlife of the blessed dead in other religions and traditions, such as the Pure Land or Elysium.


lexentry: eng/heavenly__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heavenly
trans_list: боже́ственный
sense:
Synonym of celestial: of or pertaining to the heavens, the sky regarded as the realm of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.


lexentry: eng/heavenly_body__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heavenly body
trans_list: небе́сное те́ло
sense:
A natural celestial object, visible in the sky, such as a star, planet, natural satellite, asteroid, comet, the Moon or the Sun. Objects flying or moving in the atmosphere are not usually considered as heavenly bodies.


lexentry: eng/heavy_cavalry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heavy cavalry
trans_list: тяжёлая кавале́рия
sense:
(military) A military unit consisting of troops mounted on large powerful horses, and often equipped with armor as well as either swords, maces, lances, or battle axes.


lexentry: eng/heavy_goods_vehicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heavy goods vehicle
trans_list: грузовик
sense:
A lorry, truck or other large vehicle used to transport cargo with a total weight of at least 3.5 tonnes.


lexentry: eng/heavy_industry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heavy industry
trans_list: тяжёлая промы́шленность
sense:
Industrial processes that are very complex or involve large and heavy equipment, facilities, or end products.


lexentry: eng/heavy_metal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heavy metal
trans_list: тяжёлый мета́лл | тяжелый металл
sense:
(sciences, countable) Any metal that has a specific gravity greater than about 5, especially one, such as lead, that is poisonous and may be a hazard in the environment. (There are many different definitions of what counts as a heavy metal; see Heavy metals for a discussion.)


lexentry: eng/heavy_metal__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heavy metal
trans_list: мета́лл | хе́ви-ме́тал
sense:
(music genre, uncountable) A genre descended from rock music, characterized by massive sound, highly amplified distortion, and overall loudness, often with extended guitar solos, and lyrics that involve aggressive or fantastic imagery.


lexentry: eng/heavy_water__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heavy water
trans_list: тяжёлая вода́
sense:
(chemistry) Water containing deuterium instead of normal hydrogen (protium) (symbol D2O); used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.


lexentry: eng/heavyweight__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heavyweight
trans_list: тяжелове́с | тяжеловес
sense:
(uncountable, boxing) The professional boxing weight class for boxers weighing more than 190 pounds; a boxer in that division.


lexentry: eng/hebephrenia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hebephrenia
trans_list: гебефрени́я
sense:
(clinical psychology) A form of schizophrenia characterised by inappropriate behaviour and emotional responses.


lexentry: eng/hecatomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hecatomb
trans_list: гекато́мба | гекатомба
sense:
(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, historical) A great public sacrifice to the gods, originally of a hundred oxen; also, a great number of animals reserved for such a sacrifice.


lexentry: eng/hectare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hectare
trans_list: га | гекта́р | гектар
sense:
A unit of surface area (symbol ha) equal to 100 ares (that is, 10,000 square metres, one hundredth of a square kilometre, or approximately 2.5 acres), used for measuring the areas of geographical features such as land and bodies of water.


lexentry: eng/hectic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hectic
trans_list: лихора́дочный
sense:
(obsolete) Denoting a type of fever accompanying consumption and similar wasting diseases, characterised by flushed cheeks and dry skin.


lexentry: eng/heddle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heddle
trans_list: гладкий
sense:
A component in a loom, being one of a number of similar components, through the eye of each of which a distinct strand of the warp is threaded.


lexentry: eng/hedge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hedge
trans_list: [[живой|жива́я]] [[и́згородь]] | живая изгородь
sense:
A thicket of bushes or other shrubbery, especially one planted as a fence between two portions of land, or to separate the parts of a garden.


lexentry: eng/hedge_fund__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hedge fund
trans_list: хедж-фонд
sense:
(finance) Any unregistered investment fund, often characterised by unconventional strategies (i.e., strategies other than investing long only in bonds, equities or money markets).


lexentry: eng/hedgehog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hedgehog
trans_list: ёж | ёжик | ежа́к | ежи́ха
sense:
A small mammal, of the family Erinaceidae or subfamily Erinaceinae (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by their spiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)


lexentry: eng/hedgehop__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hedgehop
trans_list: [[лете́ть]] на [[брить|бре́ющем]] полёте
sense:
(intransitive) Of an aircraft: to fly very close to the ground, such that evasive manoeuvres need to be taken to avoid obstacles.


lexentry: eng/hedonism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hedonism
trans_list: гедони́зм | гедонизм
sense:
(ethics, uncountable) The belief that pleasure or happiness is the highest good in life. Some hedonists, such as the Epicureans, have insisted that pleasure of the entire mind, not just pleasure of the senses, is the highest good.


lexentry: eng/hefty__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hefty
trans_list: дю́жий | здорове́нный | мо́щный | си́льный
sense:
(of a person) Possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful; powerfully or heavily built.


lexentry: eng/hegemon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hegemon
trans_list: гегемо́н | гегемон
sense:
A dominating leader or force, especially that which dominates a separate political entity; a hegemonist.


lexentry: eng/hegemony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hegemony
trans_list: гегемо́ния | госпо́дство | игемо́ния | гегемония
sense:
(formal) Domination, influence, or authority over another, especially by one political group over a society or by one nation over others.


lexentry: eng/heh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heh
trans_list: они
sense:
The fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).


lexentry: eng/height__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: height
trans_list: рост | высота
sense:
The vertical distance from the ground to the highest part of a standing person or animal (withers in the case of a horse).


lexentry: eng/heir_apparent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heir apparent
trans_list: кронпринц | престолонасле́дник
sense:
(usually, monarchy) Someone who will definitely inherit if surviving the one whose property is to be inherited.


lexentry: eng/helicopter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: helicopter
trans_list: вертолёт | гелико́птер | геликопте́р
sense:
(aviation) An aircraft that is borne along by one or more sets of long rotating blades which allow it to hover, move in any direction including reverse, or land; and typically having a smaller set of blades on its tail to stabilize the aircraft.


lexentry: eng/heliocentric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heliocentric
trans_list: гелиоцентри́ческий
sense:
(astronomy) Having the sun at the center/centre; usually in reference to a coordinate system or orbit. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/heliometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heliometer
trans_list: гелиометр
sense:
An astronomical instrument, based on a telescope, for measuring the diameter of the sun; now used to measure the angular distance between stars and other celestial bodies.


lexentry: eng/heliopause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heliopause
trans_list: гелиопа́уза
sense:
(astronomy) The boundary of heliosphere where the Sun's solar wind is stopped by the interstellar medium.


lexentry: eng/helioscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: helioscope
trans_list: гелиоско́п
sense:
(astronomy) An apparatus for viewing the Sun without harming the eye, by means of an optical filter that attenuates most of sunlight while allowing only a small amount of the solar radiation.


lexentry: eng/heliosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heliosphere
trans_list: гелиосфе́ра
sense:
(astronomy) The region of space where interstellar medium is blown away by solar wind; the boundary, heliopause, is often considered the edge of the Solar System.


lexentry: eng/heliotrope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heliotrope
trans_list: гелиотро́п | солнцеворо́т
sense:
(specifically) A plant of the genus Heliotropium, especially the common heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) which has clusters of purple flowers with a strong fragrance.


lexentry: eng/heliotrope__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: heliotrope
trans_list: гелиотро́п
sense:
(countable, uncountable, mineral) Synonym of bloodstone (“a green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite”)


lexentry: eng/heliotropism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heliotropism
trans_list: гелиотропи́зм
sense:
The property of some plants of turning under the influence of light; either positively (towards the light) or negatively (away from the light)


lexentry: eng/helium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: helium
trans_list: гелий | ге́лий
sense:
(uncountable) The second lightest chemical element (symbol He) with an atomic number of 2 and atomic weight of 4.002602, a colorless, odorless and inert noble gas.


lexentry: eng/helix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: helix
trans_list: спира́ль
sense:
(mathematics) A curve on the surface of a cylinder or cone such that its angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis is constant; the three-dimensional curve seen in a screw or a spiral staircase.


lexentry: eng/hell__Interjection__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hell
trans_list: чёрт
sense:
(impolite, sometimes considered, _, vulgar) Used to introduce an intensified statement following an understated one; nay; not only that, but.


lexentry: eng/hell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hell
trans_list: ад | [[гее́нна]] [[огненный|о́гненная]] | пе́кло | преиспо́дняя
sense:
(in many religions, uncountable) A place of torment where some or all sinners and evil spirits are believed to go after death.


lexentry: eng/hellbender__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hellbender
trans_list: америка́нская саламандра
sense:
A giant salamander (genus Cryptobranchus) of North America that inhabits large, swiftly flowing streams with rocky bottoms.


lexentry: eng/hellebore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hellebore
trans_list: чемери́ца
sense:
Any of the common garden flowering plants of the genus Helleborus, in family Ranunculaceae, having supposed medicinal properties.


lexentry: eng/heller__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heller
trans_list: ге́ллер
sense:
(historical) A German coin equivalent to half a pfennig, later used widely as a small coin in Central Europe and the German Empire.


lexentry: eng/hello__Interjection__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hello
trans_list: ау́ | е́сть кто́-нибудь?
sense:
A call for response if it is not clear if anyone is present or listening, or if a telephone conversation may have been disconnected.


lexentry: eng/helm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: helm
trans_list: корми́ло | штурва́л
sense:
(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel.


lexentry: eng/helm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: helm
trans_list: ко́рмчая | ко́рмчий | навига́тор | рулево́й | шту́рман
sense:
(nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman.


lexentry: eng/help__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: help
trans_list: помо́щник | помо́щница | прислу́га
sense:
(usually, uncountable) One or more people employed to help in the maintenance of a house or the operation of a farm or enterprise.


lexentry: eng/help_desk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: help desk
trans_list: слу́жба техни́ческой подде́ржки | спра́вочная слу́жба | техподде́ржка
sense:
A section of an organization offering specialist advice to customers or users who have problems, especially with computer equipment or systems.


lexentry: eng/hem__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hem
trans_list: кайма́ | край | кро́мка | ободо́к | подгибка
sense:
(sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying.


lexentry: eng/hemicellulose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hemicellulose
trans_list: гемицеллюлоза
sense:
(carbohydrate) A mixture of several plant polysaccharides, of smaller molecular weight than cellulose, that are soluble in dilute alkali; they are involved in the manufacture of paper, and are used in the production of furfural and ethanol.


lexentry: eng/hemisphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hemisphere
trans_list: гемисфе́ра | полусфе́ра | полуша́рие
sense:
(geography) Half of the Earth, such as the Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere or Eastern Hemisphere, Land Hemisphere, Water Hemisphere etc. [1550s].


lexentry: eng/hemlock__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hemlock
trans_list: тсу́га
sense:
Any of several coniferous trees, of the genus Tsuga, that grow in North America; the wood of such trees. [from 1670]


lexentry: eng/hemodialysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hemodialysis
trans_list: гемодиа́лиз
sense:
(medicine) A dialysis utilizing extracorporeal removal of waste products from the blood in the case of kidney failure.


lexentry: eng/hemoglobin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hemoglobin
trans_list: гемоглоби́н | гемоглобин
sense:
(American spelling) The iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin), and haem (a porphyrin ring with an atom of iron at its centre).


lexentry: eng/hemolysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hemolysis
trans_list: гемолиз
sense:
(medicine) The destruction of red blood cells, and subsequent release of hemoglobin, at the normal end of the cell's life.


lexentry: eng/hemorrhoid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hemorrhoid
trans_list: геморро́й | геморроида́льный у́зел
sense:
(pathology, often, in the plural) An engorged, dilated and easily broken varicosity in the perianal area, often accompanied by intense itching and throbbing pain: piles.


lexentry: eng/hemostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hemostasis
trans_list: гемостаз
sense:
(medicine, countable, uncountable) The process of keeping blood inside a damaged vessel to stop bleeding.


lexentry: eng/henbane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: henbane
trans_list: белена́ | белена
sense:
A poisonous plant, Hyoscyamus niger, used sometimes as a drug that causes at least hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, and flushed skin.


lexentry: eng/hendiadys__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hendiadys
trans_list: гендиа́дис
sense:
(rhetoric) A figure of speech used for emphasis, where two words joined by and are used to express a single complex idea.


lexentry: eng/henna__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: henna
trans_list: хна
sense:
(countable, uncountable) A reddish plant substance, prepared from the dried leaves of this plant, used for temporary tattoos and hair coloring. Hair colorings range from bright red to earth brown to near black.


lexentry: eng/hennin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hennin
trans_list: атур
sense:
(historical) A headdress in the shape of a cone, "steeple" or truncated cone worn by European women of the nobility in medieval times.


lexentry: eng/henpecked__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: henpecked
trans_list: под башмако́м | под каблуко́м | подкаблу́чник
sense:
(particularly of husbands or boyfriends) Intimidated or overwhelmed by a nagging or overbearing matriarch, wife, or girlfriend.


lexentry: eng/henry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: henry
trans_list: ге́нри | генри
sense:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical inductance; the inductance induced in a circuit by a rate of change of current of one ampere per second and a resulting electromotive force of one volt. Symbol: H


lexentry: eng/heparin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heparin
trans_list: гепари́н
sense:
(carbohydrate, pharmaceutical drug) A compound occurring in the liver and other tissues which inhibits blood coagulation. A sulfur-containing polysaccharide, it is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis.


lexentry: eng/heptane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heptane
trans_list: гепта́н | гептан
sense:
(organic compound) Any of the nine isomers of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon C7H16, obtained from petroleum, especially n-heptane (CH3(CH2)5CH3)


lexentry: eng/heptathlon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heptathlon
trans_list: семиборье
sense:
(athletics) An athletic contest comprising seven events; contested mostly by women, for whom this is an Olympic sport.


lexentry: eng/her__Determiner__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: her
trans_list: её
sense:
Belonging to her (belonging to that female, or in poetic or old-fashioned language that ship, city, season, etc).


lexentry: eng/her__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: her
trans_list: её | ей | она́
sense:
The form of she used after a preposition, as the object of a verb, or (colloquial) as a subject with a conjunction; that woman, that ship, etc.


lexentry: eng/herald__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: herald
trans_list: герольд
sense:
(heraldry) An official whose speciality is heraldry, especially one between the ranks of pursuivant and king-of-arms.


lexentry: eng/heraldry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heraldry
trans_list: гера́льдика | геральдика
sense:
(uncountable) The profession or art of devising, granting and blazoning coats of arms, tracing genealogies and ruling on questions of protocol or rank.


lexentry: eng/herbal_tea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: herbal tea
trans_list: отва́р из трав | травяно́й чай | фиточа́й | цвето́чный чай
sense:
A beverage made by infusing the leaves of various herbs, generally not including true tea (Camellia sinensis).


lexentry: eng/herbivore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: herbivore
trans_list: травоя́дное живо́тное | фитофа́г
sense:
An organism that feeds chiefly on plants; an animal that feeds on herbage or vegetation as the main part of its diet.


lexentry: eng/herd__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: herd
trans_list: ста́до | табу́н
sense:
A number of domestic animals assembled together under the watch or ownership of a keeper. [from 11th c.]


lexentry: eng/herd_immunity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: herd immunity
trans_list: коллекти́вный иммуните́т | популяционный иммунитет
sense:
(epidemiology) The indirect protection against the spread of a contagious disease in a given population caused by the immunity of a significant proportion of the population to that particular disease; the immunity may have been obtained through having survived the infection or through vaccination. [from early 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/herdsman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: herdsman
trans_list: пасту́х
sense:
A person who tends livestock, especially cows and sheep; especially, the foreman among a group of such farmworkers, usually with more knowledge and experience.


lexentry: eng/here_you_are__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: here you are
trans_list: держать | изволить | на | на́те | пожа́луйста | просить
sense:
(idiomatic) Said when handing something over to someone or doing a favour to them, usually to draw the recipient's attention to the exchange; equivalent to “thank you” when receiving something.


lexentry: eng/heredity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heredity
trans_list: насле́дственность
sense:
Hereditary transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants.


lexentry: eng/heresiarch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heresiarch
trans_list: ересиарх
sense:
(religion) The founder of a heresy, or a major ecclesiastical proponent of such a heresy. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/heresy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heresy
trans_list: е́ресь | ересь
sense:
(by extension) A controversial or unorthodox opinion held by a member of a group, as in politics, philosophy or science.


lexentry: eng/heritability__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heritability
trans_list: наследуемость
sense:
(countable, genetics) The ratio of the genetic variance of a population to its phenotypic variance; i.e. the proportion of variability that is genetic in origin


lexentry: eng/heritage__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heritage
trans_list: насле́дие | наследие
sense:
A tradition; a practice or set of values that is passed down from preceding generations through families or through institutional memory.


lexentry: eng/heritage_interpretation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heritage interpretation
trans_list: медиация
sense:
(museology, education) The practice and discipline of explaining natural and cultural heritage, used in museums, zoos, historic sites, galleries, etc.


lexentry: eng/hermaphrodite__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: hermaphrodite
trans_list: гермафроди́т
sense:
(WWI, _, military, historical) An armoured fighting vehicle having features of both male tanks and female tanks.


lexentry: eng/hermit_crab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hermit crab
trans_list: рак-отше́льник
sense:
A decapod crustacean (not a true crab) from the superfamily Paguroidea, which salvages empty seashells or other portable objects to permanently shelter and protect its soft abdomen.


lexentry: eng/hernia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hernia
trans_list: гры́жа | грыжа
sense:
(diseases) A disorder in which a part of the body protrudes abnormally through a tear or opening in an adjacent part, especially of the abdomen.


lexentry: eng/heroin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heroin
trans_list: герои́н | героин
sense:
A powerful and addictive drug derived from opium producing intense euphoria. Classed as an illegal narcotic in most of the world. [from late 19th century]


lexentry: eng/heroism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heroism
trans_list: геро́йство | герои́зм | героизм
sense:
The qualities characteristic of a hero, such as courage, bravery, fortitude, selflessness, etc.; the display of such qualities.


lexentry: eng/herpes__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: herpes
trans_list: ге́рпес | лиша́й
sense:
(medicine) A viral infection, caused by Human alphaherpesvirus 1 and Human alphaherpesvirus 2, marked by painful, watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes or on the genitals.


lexentry: eng/herpes_simplex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: herpes simplex
trans_list: просто́й ге́рпес
sense:
(pathology) A viral disease caused by Human herpesvirus 1 or Human herpesvirus 2 in genus Simplexvirus.


lexentry: eng/hers__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hers
trans_list: её
sense:
That which belongs to her; the possessive case of she, used without a following noun. [from 12th c.]


lexentry: eng/herself__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: herself
trans_list: себя́
sense:
(reflexive pronoun) Her; the female object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject.


lexentry: eng/herself__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: herself
trans_list: сама́
sense:
(emphatic) She; an intensive repetition of the female subject, often used to indicate the exclusiveness of that person as the only satisfier of the predicate.


lexentry: eng/hertz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hertz
trans_list: герц
sense:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of frequency; one (period or cycle of any periodic event) per second. Symbol: Hz


lexentry: eng/hesitate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hesitate
trans_list: колеба́ться | ме́длить | сомнева́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination.


lexentry: eng/hesperidium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hesperidium
trans_list: гесперидий
sense:
Any of several kinds of true berries, including citrus fruit such as the lemon and lime, which have pulpy interiors and leathery skins containing aromatic oils.


lexentry: eng/hetaera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hetaera
trans_list: гете́ра
sense:
(historical, Ancient Greece) A highly cultivated hired female companion who would entertain upper-class male clients and might perform sex acts for them.


lexentry: eng/heterochromia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heterochromia
trans_list: гетерохроми́я
sense:
(medicine, ophthalmology) An anatomical condition in which multiple pigmentations or colorings occur in the eyes, skin or hair.


lexentry: eng/heterodox__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heterodox
trans_list: неортодокса́льный
sense:
Of or pertaining to creeds, beliefs, or teachings, especially religious ones, that are different from what a religion (or sect) believes to be orthodox, but adhering to that religion's established beliefs, and therefore not heretical.


lexentry: eng/heteronormativity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heteronormativity
trans_list: гетеронормати́вность | гетеронормативность
sense:
The assumption that all human beings are either male or female in both sex and gender, and that sexual and romantic attraction and activity only occurs, or is only normal, between people of different sexes.


lexentry: eng/heteronym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heteronym
trans_list: гетеро́ним | омо́граф
sense:
(linguistics) A word having the same spelling as another, but a different pronunciation and meaning.


lexentry: eng/heteronym__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: heteronym
trans_list: гетеро́ним
sense:
(literature) A fictitious character created by an author for the purpose of writing in a different style.


lexentry: eng/heterosexuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heterosexuality
trans_list: гетеросексуа́льность | гетеросексуализм
sense:
The state of being sexually and romantically attracted primarily or exclusively to persons of the opposite sex.


lexentry: eng/heterosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heterosis
trans_list: гетеро́зис
sense:
(genetics) The tendency of cross-breeding to produce an animal or plant with a greater hardiness than its parents; hybrid vigour.


lexentry: eng/heterotroph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heterotroph
trans_list: потребитель
sense:
(ecology) An organism which requires an external supply of energy in the form of food as it cannot synthesize its own.


lexentry: eng/heuristic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: heuristic
trans_list: эвристи́ческий
sense:
(of an approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery) That employs a practical method not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect; either not following or derived from any theory, or based on an advisedly oversimplified one. [from 1821]


lexentry: eng/hexadecimal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hexadecimal
trans_list: шестнадцатери́чная систе́ма
sense:
(arithmetic, computing, uncountable) A number system with base sixteen, using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F, most used in computing as a hexadecimal digit can represent four bits, half a standard byte, and thus a single byte can be represented conveniently with two digits.


lexentry: eng/hexahedron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hexahedron
trans_list: гекса́эдр | шестигра́нник
sense:
(geometry) A polyhedron with six faces. The regular hexahedron is the cube, and is one of the Platonic solids.


lexentry: eng/hexamethylenediamine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hexamethylenediamine
trans_list: гексаметилендиамин
sense:
(organic compound) A compound with chemical formula H2N(CH2)6NH2, a colourless solid with a strong amine odour, used in the production of polymers.


lexentry: eng/hexane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hexane
trans_list: гекса́н | гексан
sense:
(organic compound) Any of five isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons, C6H14. They are colorless, volatile liquids.


lexentry: eng/hiatus__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: hiatus
trans_list: зия́ние | хиа́тус
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) A syllable break between two vowels, without an intervening consonant. (Compare diphthong.)


lexentry: eng/hibernate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hibernate
trans_list: зимова́ть | перезимова́ть
sense:
(intransitive, biology) To spend the winter in a dormant or inactive state of minimal activity, low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate; to go through a winter sleep.


lexentry: eng/hibernation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hibernation
trans_list: гиберна́ция | зи́мняя спя́чка | спя́чка
sense:
(biology, sleep) A state of minimum power consumption, inactivity and metabolic depression in some animals during winter.


lexentry: eng/hibiscus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hibiscus
trans_list: гиби́скус
sense:
A flowering plant of the genus Hibiscus, especially Hibiscus syriacus, found in tropical to temperate regions, of some species used for making infusions/tea.


lexentry: eng/hickey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hickey
trans_list: засо́с
sense:
(originally, US, slang) A bruise-like mark made during petting by pressing the mouth to the skin on one’s partner’s body and sucking. [from 1934]


lexentry: eng/hidden_agenda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hidden agenda
trans_list: [[скрытый|скры́тые]] [[мотив|моти́вы]] | [[тайный|та́йные]] [[план|пла́ны]]
sense:
A wish (and plan) to implement a particular idea without telling anybody, even though people may be affected in a negative way.


lexentry: eng/hide_one's_light_under_a_bushel__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hide one's light under a bushel
trans_list: зары́ть свой тала́нт в зе́млю | зарыва́ть свой тала́нт в зе́млю
sense:
(idiomatic) To conceal one's positive qualities or talents, especially due to modesty or shyness; to avoid attention.


lexentry: eng/hierarch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hierarch
trans_list: иера́рх
sense:
(religion) One who has high and controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred order.


lexentry: eng/hierarch__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hierarch
trans_list: иера́рх
sense:
(Eastern Orthodoxy) A title of bishops in their role as ordinaries (arbiters of canon law) over their respective dioceses.


lexentry: eng/hierarchy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hierarchy
trans_list: иера́рхия | иерархия
sense:
Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it.


lexentry: eng/hieroglyphic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hieroglyphic
trans_list: иерогли́фика
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) A writing system of ancient Egypt, Minoans, Maya and other civilizations, using pictorial symbols to represent individual sounds as a rebus


lexentry: eng/hierophant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hierophant
trans_list: иерофант
sense:
(Ancient Greece) An ancient Greek priest who interpreted sacred mysteries, especially the priest of the Eleusinian Mysteries.


lexentry: eng/hierophany__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hierophany
trans_list: иерофа́ния
sense:
(religion) A physical manifestation of the holy or sacred, serving as a spiritual eidolon for emulation or worship.


lexentry: eng/high-beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: high-beam
trans_list: да́льний свет
sense:
The setting of an automobile's headlights adjusted to brighten a longer distance in front of the car, than when on the normal (low-beam) setting.


lexentry: eng/high-level__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: high-level
trans_list: высокоу́ровневый
sense:
(computing, of a programming language) Consisting of relatively natural language-like commands and mathematical notations which, after compilation or interpretation, become a set of machine language instructions.


lexentry: eng/high-level_language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: high-level language
trans_list: высокоу́ровневый язы́к программи́рования
sense:
(programming) A programming language requiring a compiler to translate it into a form that a particular machine understands, focusing on user-friendly code development by automating core tasks such as accessing memory.


lexentry: eng/high__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: high
trans_list: высо́кий | высокий
sense:
Relatively elevated; rising or raised above the average or normal level from which elevation is measured.


lexentry: eng/high__Adjective__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: high
trans_list: высо́кий
sense:
(acoustics) Acute or shrill in pitch, due to being of greater frequency, i.e. produced by more rapid vibrations (wave oscillations).


lexentry: eng/high__Adjective__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: high
trans_list: обдо́лбаный | обку́ренный | упо́ротый
sense:
(phonetics) Made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate.


lexentry: eng/high_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: high card
trans_list: акула
sense:
(poker) A hand which has no pairs and is not a straight or a flush. The lowest possible winning hand in poker.


lexentry: eng/high_jump__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: high jump
trans_list: прыжо́к в высоту́ | прыжок в высоту
sense:
(uncountable) An athletics event where a competitor must jump over a bar placed gradually higher and higher.


lexentry: eng/high_relief__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: high relief
trans_list: горелье́ф
sense:
(sculpture) A form of classical sculpture in which forms extend from the background by at least half of their depth.


lexentry: eng/high_seas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: high seas
trans_list: откры́тое мо́ре
sense:
(nautical) Regions of the ocean that are far from shore, especially those regions that do not belong to any country.


lexentry: eng/high_technology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: high technology
trans_list: высо́кие техноло́гии | хай-те́к
sense:
Any highly technical or specialized technological application or equipment, especially one that involves complex electronics or computing


lexentry: eng/highbush_cranberry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: highbush cranberry
trans_list: кали́на | кали́на кра́сная | кали́на обыкнове́нная | кали́на съедо́бная
sense:
A shrub in the genus Viburnum having acidic red cranberry-like berries, belonging to the North American species Viburnum trilobum, or to the related species Viburnum opulus (European) or Viburnum edule (North American).


lexentry: eng/highlight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: highlight
trans_list: [[све́тлый]] [[уча́сток]]
sense:
(painting, photography) An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated.


lexentry: eng/highlight__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (transitive) To make prominent; emphasize.
written_rep: highlight
trans_list:
подчёркивать | [[вы́двинуть]] на [[пе́рвый]] план | [[выдвига́ть]] на [[пе́рвый]] план | вы́делить | выделя́ть | подчеркну́ть


lexentry: eng/highlight__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: highlight
trans_list: вы́делить | вы́делиться | выделя́ть | выделя́ться
sense:
(transitive) To mark (important passages of text), e.g. with a fluorescent marker pen or in a wordprocessor, as a means of memory retention or for later reference.


lexentry: eng/highlight__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: highlight
trans_list: вы́делиться | выделя́ться
sense:
(transitive, internet) To seek the attention of (a user) on IRC by mentioning their name in a message, causing that message to appear highlighted on their screen.


lexentry: eng/hightail__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hightail
trans_list: скрыться
sense:
(informal, chiefly, North America, usually, transitive) To move at full speed, especially in retreat.


lexentry: eng/hijack__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hijack
trans_list: захва́тывать | захвати́ть | напа́сть | напада́ть | угна́ть | угоня́ть
sense:
To forcibly seize control of some vehicle in order to rob it or to reach a destination (especially an airplane, truck or a boat).


lexentry: eng/hijra__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hijra
trans_list: хи́джра
sense:
A (typically biologically male or intersex, but sometimes biologically female) member of a somewhat feminine third gender found in India and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/hikikomori__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hikikomori
trans_list: хикикомо́ри
sense:
(uncountable) A Japanese phenomenon whereby an individual becomes a recluse from society, typically remaining isolated in a single room at home for a very long period.


lexentry: eng/hillbilly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hillbilly
trans_list: деревенщина
sense:
(often, _, pejorative) Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication.


lexentry: eng/hillbilly__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hillbilly
trans_list: хи́ллбилли
sense:
(ethnic slur) A white person from the rural southern part of the United States, especially the Southeastern states.


lexentry: eng/hilt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hilt
trans_list: рукоя́тка | рукоя́ть | эфе́с
sense:
The handle of a sword, consisting of grip, guard, and pommel, designed to facilitate use of the blade and afford protection to the hand.


lexentry: eng/hilum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hilum
trans_list: [[воро́та]] ([[орган|о́ргана]])
sense:
(botany) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support.


lexentry: eng/himbo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: himbo
trans_list: пижо́н | хлыщ
sense:
(sometimes, derogatory, slang) A physically attractive man who lacks intelligence; the male equivalent of a bimbo.


lexentry: eng/himself__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: himself
trans_list: он сам
sense:
(emphatic) He; used as an intensifier, often to emphasize that the referent is the exclusive participant in the predicate


lexentry: eng/hind_limb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hind limb
trans_list: за́дняя коне́чность
sense:
A posterior limb on an animal. When referring to quadrupeds, the term hind leg is often instead used.


lexentry: eng/hindbrain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hindbrain
trans_list: задни́й мозг
sense:
(neuroanatomy) The posterior part of the brain, comprising the cerebellum, pons and medulla, the rhombencephalon


lexentry: eng/hindquarter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hindquarter
trans_list: корма
sense:
(in the plural) The hind biped (leg) of a quadruped, or all body parts situated behind the hind legs' trunk-attachment.


lexentry: eng/hindsight_is_20!slash!20__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hindsight is 20/20
sense:
(idiomatic) In hindsight things are obvious that were not obvious from the outset; one is able to evaluate past choices more clearly than at the time of the choice.

trans_list:
гром не грянет, мужик не перекрестится | догада́лся, как проигра́лся | за́дним умо́м всяк кре́пок | пото́м и Семён умён


lexentry: eng/hint__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hint
trans_list: намека́ть | намекну́ть
sense:
(transitive) To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner.


lexentry: eng/hip_bone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hip bone
trans_list: [[тазовый|та́зовая]] кость
sense:
(anatomy) One of two roughly symmetrical skeleton parts, each composed of the fused iliac, ischial and pubic bones, that together form the sides of the pelvis.


lexentry: eng/hip_flask__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hip flask
trans_list: пло́ская фля́жка
sense:
A container designed to hold small amounts of alcohol, especially spirits, for personal consumption on the go.


lexentry: eng/hip_hip_hooray__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hip hip hooray
trans_list: гип-ги́п ура́ | гип-ги́п-ура́
sense:
An exclamation of congratulations and/or celebration, especially in response to a call for "three cheers for" the person. Often the person calling for the cheers will yell "Hip! Hip!", the crowd replying "Hooray!"


lexentry: eng/hip_roof__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hip roof
trans_list: ва́льмовая кры́ша | четырёхска́тная кры́ша | шатро́вая кры́ша
sense:
A roof formed from inclined, planar ends and sides, joined at their edges to form hips, the longer sides forming a ridge at the top


lexentry: eng/hippie__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hippie
trans_list: хи́ппи
sense:
(1960s slang; still widely used in reference to that era) One who chooses not to conform to prevailing social norms: especially one who subscribes to values or actions such as acceptance or self-practice of recreational drug use, liberal or radical sexual mores, advocacy of communal living, strong pacifism or anti-war sentiment, etc.


lexentry: eng/hippocampus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hippocampus
trans_list: гиппока́мп
sense:
(mythological creature) A mythological creature with the front head and forelimbs of a horse and the rear of a dolphin.


lexentry: eng/hippocras__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hippocras
trans_list: гипокра́с
sense:
(historical) A cordial, made from a spiced wine mixed with sugar and spices, usually including cinnamon, which are strained out by a cloth before the drink is consumed.


lexentry: eng/hippopotamus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hippopotamus
trans_list: бегемо́т | гиппопота́м
sense:
A large, semi-aquatic, herbivorous (plant-eating) African mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius; common hippopotamus).


lexentry: eng/hiragana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hiragana
trans_list: хира́гана | хирага́на
sense:
(uncountable) The main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings.


lexentry: eng/hire__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hire
trans_list: нанима́ть | наня́ть | трудоустра́ивать | трудоустро́ить
sense:
(transitive) To employ; to obtain the services of (a person) in exchange for remuneration; to give someone a job.


lexentry: eng/hireling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hireling
trans_list: батрак
sense:
(usually, pejorative) An employee who is hired, often to perform unpleasant tasks with little independence.


lexentry: eng/hirola__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hirola
trans_list: буба́л Ха́нтера | хиро́ла
sense:
A type of antelope found in an area between Kenya and Somalia, Beatragus hunteri or sometimes Damaliscus hunteri.


lexentry: eng/hirsutism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hirsutism
trans_list: гирсутизм
sense:
(dermatology) Excessive and increased hair growth in locations where terminal hair is normally minimal or absent.


lexentry: eng/hirudin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hirudin
trans_list: гируди́н
sense:
(protein) A peptide, obtained from the salivary glands of leeches, that is used as an anticoagulant.


lexentry: eng/histamine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: histamine
trans_list: гистами́н
sense:
(neurotransmitter) An amine, C5H9N3, formed by decarboxylation of histidine, that causes dilatation of capillaries, contraction of smooth muscle, and stimulation of gastric acid secretion; it is released during allergic reactions.


lexentry: eng/histidine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: histidine
trans_list: гистиди́н
sense:
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C6H9N3O2 found in most animal proteins; essential for tissue growth and repair.


lexentry: eng/histogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: histogram
trans_list: гистогра́мма
sense:
(statistics) A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency.


lexentry: eng/histology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: histology
trans_list: гистоло́гия | гистология
sense:
(biology) The study of the microscopic structure, chemical composition and function of the tissue or tissue systems of plants and animals.


lexentry: eng/histone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: histone
trans_list: гисто́н
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of various simple water-soluble proteins that are rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine and are complexed with DNA in the nucleosomes of eukaryotic chromatin.


lexentry: eng/historiography__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: historiography
trans_list: историогра́фия | историография
sense:
(uncountable) The study of the discipline and practice of history and the writings of past historians.


lexentry: eng/history__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: history
trans_list: исто́рия | история
sense:
(countable, computing) A record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser.


lexentry: eng/histrionics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: histrionics
trans_list: вы́ходка | сце́на
sense:
Exaggerated, overemotional behaviour, especially when calculated to elicit a response; melodramatics.


lexentry: eng/hit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hit
trans_list: уда́р
sense:
A blow; a punch; a striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything.


lexentry: eng/hit__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: hit
trans_list: хит | шля́гер
sense:
(baseball) The complete play, when the batter reaches base without the benefit of a walk, error, or fielder’s choice.


lexentry: eng/hit_and_run__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hit and run
trans_list: бе́гство води́теля с ме́ста доро́жного происше́ствия
sense:
(legal) The crime of causing an accident, as with a motor vehicle, and leaving without acknowledging responsibility.


lexentry: eng/hit_and_run__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hit and run
trans_list: соколиный удар | ударил-убежал
sense:
(military) The military technique of attacking one place and then quickly moving to another before defenders can react.


lexentry: eng/hit_it_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hit it off
trans_list: сдружиться
sense:
(informal) To develop an amicable relationship (with), especially in a sudden manner during an initial encounter.


lexentry: eng/hit_on__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hit on
trans_list: заи́грывать | кле́иться | подбива́ть кли́нья | подка́тывать | пристава́ть | приударя́ть
sense:
(transitive, slang) To flirt with; to approach and speak to (someone), seeking romance, love, sex, etc.


lexentry: eng/hit_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hit point
trans_list: очки здоровья
sense:
(chiefly, RPG) A unit of damage, used to specify the amount of damage a character or object can withstand before it is defeated or destroyed.


lexentry: eng/hit_the_books__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hit the books
trans_list: зубри́ть
sense:
(chiefly, US, and, Australia, informal, figuratively) To study, especially with particular intensity.


lexentry: eng/hit_the_bottle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hit the bottle
trans_list: пить горькую | прикладываться к бутылке
sense:
(idiomatic, colloquial) To drink alcohol steadily and in excess, particularly in response to a setback.


lexentry: eng/hitchhike__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hitchhike
trans_list: голосова́ть | проголосова́ть | путеше́ствовать автосто́пом
sense:
To try to get a ride in a passing vehicle while standing at the side of a road, generally by either sticking out one's finger or thumb or holding a sign with one's stated destination.


lexentry: eng/hitchhiker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A person or thing that hitchhikes.
written_rep: hitchhiker
trans_list:
[[путешествовать|путеше́ствующая]] [[автостоп|автосто́пом]] | [[путешествовать|путеше́ствующий]] [[автостоп|автосто́пом]] | автосто́пщик | автосто́пщица


lexentry: eng/ho__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ho
trans_list: шлю́ха
sense:
(slang, derogatory) A whore; a sexually promiscuous woman; in general use as a highly offensive term of abuse for a woman with connotations of loose sexuality.


lexentry: eng/hoar_frost__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hoar frost
trans_list: и́зморозь | и́ней
sense:
(specifically, meteorology) Water vapour which has undergone deposition or desublimation when the air is cold and moist to form a white deposit on exposed surfaces.


lexentry: eng/hoatzin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoatzin
trans_list: гоаци́н
sense:
A bird, Opisthocomus hoazin, with claws on the wing fingers of the juvenile and an enlarged crop used as a rumen.


lexentry: eng/hoax__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoax
trans_list: вводить в заблуждение | обманывать | разы́грывать | разыгра́ть
sense:
(transitive) To deceive (someone) by making them believe something that has been maliciously or mischievously fabricated.


lexentry: eng/hob__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hob
trans_list: ва́рочная пане́ль
sense:
(British, Irish, AU, NZ) The top cooking surface on a cooker; a cooktop. It typically comprises several cooking elements (often four), also known as 'rings'.


lexentry: eng/hobble__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hobble
trans_list: пу́ты | трено́га
sense:
(mostly, in the plural) One of the short straps tied between the legs of unfenced horses, allowing them to wander short distances but preventing them from running off.


lexentry: eng/hobnob__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hobnob
trans_list: болтать
sense:
(intransitive, often, _, derogatory) To associate with in a friendly manner, often with those of a higher class or status; to fraternize.


lexentry: eng/hobo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hobo
trans_list: бомж | бездо́мный
sense:
(North America) A wandering homeless person, especially (historical) one illegally travelling by rail or (pejorative) a penniless, unemployed bum.


lexentry: eng/hockey__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hockey
trans_list: хокке́й | хоккей
sense:
(North America) Ice hockey, a game on ice in which two teams of six players skate and try to score by shooting a puck into the opposing team's net, using their sticks.


lexentry: eng/hockey_puck__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hockey puck
trans_list: [[хоккейный|хокке́йная]] [[ша́йба]] | ша́йба
sense:
(ice hockey) A small black flat roundel of hardened rubber used as a playing piece in ice hockey to score points by moving the puck into the opponent's goal net.


lexentry: eng/hockey_stick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hockey stick
trans_list: клю́шка
sense:
(North America, ice hockey) A stick used to handle the puck in ice hockey, having a flat, angled blade at the end.


lexentry: eng/hockey_stick__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hockey stick
trans_list: клю́шка
sense:
(British, field hockey) A stick used to handle the ball in field hockey, having a flat-faced hook at the end.


lexentry: eng/hocus-pocus__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hocus-pocus
trans_list: фо́кус-по́кус
sense:
A phrase used (by a stage magician, etc.) as a magical incantation to bring about some change: abracadabra, hey presto.


lexentry: eng/hocus-pocus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hocus-pocus
trans_list: фо́кус
sense:
(countable, uncountable, chiefly, US, also, attributively) Some action carried out to bring about change as if by magic; a trick; sleight of hand, trickery.


lexentry: eng/hod__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hod
trans_list: коры́то | лото́к
sense:
A three-sided box mounted on a pole for carrying bricks, mortar, or other construction materials over the shoulder.


lexentry: eng/hodiernal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hodiernal
trans_list: нынешний
sense:
(archaic, or, literary, rare, outside, grammar) Of or pertaining to the present day or today; hodiern.


lexentry: eng/hoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoe
trans_list: моты́га | тя́пка | мотыга
sense:
An agricultural tool consisting of a long handle with a flat blade fixed perpendicular to it at the end, used for digging rows.


lexentry: eng/hog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hog
trans_list: бо́ров | вепрь | свинья́
sense:
Any animal belonging to the Suidae family of mammals, especially the pig, the warthog, and the boar.


lexentry: eng/hog__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hog
trans_list: жадничать | заграбастать | заграбастывать | прибирать к рука́м | прибрать к рука́м
sense:
(transitive) To greedily take more than one's share, to take precedence at the expense of another or others.


lexentry: eng/hogshead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hogshead
trans_list: хогсхед
sense:
(Britain) An English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52+1⁄2 imperial gallons; a half pipe.


lexentry: eng/hoisin_sauce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoisin sauce
trans_list: Хойсин
sense:
A thick, pungent, dark, sweet and salty sauce made from soy, garlic and chili, used in Chinese cooking.


lexentry: eng/hoist__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoist
trans_list: водружа́ть | водрузи́ть | поднима́ть | подня́ть
sense:
(transitive) To raise; to lift; to elevate (especially, to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle or pulley, said of a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight).


lexentry: eng/hoist_by_one's_own_petard__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoist by one's own petard
trans_list: попа́сть в свою́ же лову́шку
sense:
(idiomatic) Hurt or destroyed by one's own plot or device intended for another; "blown up by one's own bomb".


lexentry: eng/hoity-toity__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoity-toity
trans_list: заносчивый
sense:
Affected or pretentious, sometimes with the implication of displaying an air of excessive fanciness or ostentation; pompous, self-important, snobbish; often displaying a feeling of patronizing self-aggrandizing or arrogant class superiority.


lexentry: eng/hokey__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hokey
trans_list: искусственный
sense:
(US, colloquial) Phony, as if a hoax; noticeably contrived; of obviously flimsy credibility or quality.


lexentry: eng/hold__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hold
trans_list: держа́ть | задержа́ть | заде́рживать
sense:
(transitive) To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.


lexentry: eng/hold__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: hold
trans_list: проводить | содержа́ть
sense:
To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.


lexentry: eng/hold_a_candle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hold a candle
trans_list: в подмётки не годи́ться
sense:
(chiefly in the negative) To compare; to be even remotely of the same quality, skill, etc. as another. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/hold_cheap__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hold cheap
trans_list: ни в гро́ш не ста́вить
sense:
(transitive) To have a low esteem for (someone or something); to hold in contempt; to look down upon.


lexentry: eng/hold_my_beer__Phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hold my beer
trans_list: подержи моё пиво
sense:
(humorous, imperative, US) One is about to do something crazy or difficult that will nevertheless be easy for one and outdo or outmaneuver anything else.


lexentry: eng/hold_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hold off
trans_list: откла́дывать
sense:
(idiomatic, transitive, intransitive) To delay commencing (an action until some specified time or event has passed).


lexentry: eng/hold_one's_breath__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hold one's breath
trans_list: затаи́ть дыха́ние
sense:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see hold,‎ one's,‎ breath. To keep air in one's lungs, pausing noticeably before exhaling after previously inhaling.


lexentry: eng/hold_one's_liquor__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hold one's liquor
trans_list: [[уме́ть]] пить
sense:
(idiomatic) To be resistant to intoxication or to show few signs of intoxication, even after consuming a significant amount of alcohol.


lexentry: eng/hold_one's_own__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hold one's own
trans_list: постоя́ть за себя́
sense:
(idiomatic) To demonstrate oneself to be capable; to provide a respectable performance or worthy competition; to stick up for oneself.


lexentry: eng/hold_one's_tongue__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiomatic) To refrain from talking about something.
written_rep: hold one's tongue
trans_list:
держа́ть язы́к за зуба́ми | молча́ть как ры́ба | молча́ть как ры́ба об лёд | набра́ть воды́ в рот | придержа́ть язы́к


lexentry: eng/hold_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hold out
trans_list: выжидать
sense:
(idiomatic, often, with for) To wait, or refuse in hopes of getting something better (from a negotiation, etc.)


lexentry: eng/hold_sway__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hold sway
trans_list: преобладать
sense:
(idiomatic) To have the greatest influence (over someone or something); to be pre-eminent; to dominate.


lexentry: eng/holding_cell__Noun__1
written_rep: holding cell
trans_list:
[[изоля́тор]] [[временный|вре́менного]] [[содержание|содержа́ния]] (ИВС) | [[ка́мера]] [[предварительный|предвари́тельного]] [[заключение|заключе́ния]] (КПЗ) | катала́жка | куту́зка | обезья́нник


lexentry: eng/holding_company__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holding company
trans_list: матери́нская компа́ния | хо́лдинг | хо́лдинговая компа́ния
sense:
(business) A company whose main purpose is to own shares of other companies, as opposed to producing goods or offering services.


lexentry: eng/hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hole
trans_list: дыра
sense:
(golf) A subsurface standard-size hole, also called cup, hitting the ball into which is the object of play. Each hole, of which there are usually eighteen as the standard on a full course, is located on a prepared surface, called the green, of a particular type grass.


lexentry: eng/hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hole
trans_list: впа́дина | я́ма | дыра
sense:
(stud poker) A card (also called a hole card) dealt face down thus unknown to all but its holder; the status in which such a card is.


lexentry: eng/hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: hole
trans_list: ды́рка | дыра
sense:
(physics) In semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.


lexentry: eng/hole_saw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hole saw
trans_list: кольцева́я пила́
sense:
A saw in the form of a hollow cylinder with teeth on the end or edge, used to produce holes on the workpiece and operated by rotation, often as an accessory to a power drill.


lexentry: eng/holiday__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: holiday
trans_list: о́тпуск | отгу́л
sense:
(chiefly, UK, Australia) A period of one or more days taken off work for leisure and often travel; often plural.


lexentry: eng/holiday__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: holiday
trans_list: кани́кулы
sense:
(chiefly, UK, Australia) A period during which pupils do not attend their school; often plural; rarely used for students at university (usually: vacation).


lexentry: eng/holiday_season__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holiday season
trans_list: курортный сезон | праздник сезон
sense:
(US, Canada) The period of the late fall and early winter when several holidays occur, such as Halloween, American Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's Day, Hanukkah, and Kwanzaa


lexentry: eng/hollow__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hollow
trans_list: глухо́й
sense:
(of a sound) Distant, eerie; echoing, reverberating, as if in a hollow space; dull, muffled; often low-pitched.


lexentry: eng/holly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holly
trans_list: па́дуб | остроли́ст
sense:
Any of various shrubs or (mostly) small trees, of the genus Ilex, either evergreen or deciduous, used as decoration especially at Christmas.


lexentry: eng/holmium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holmium
trans_list: го́льмий | гольмий
sense:
A chemical element (symbol Ho) with atomic number 67: a soft and malleable silvery-white metal, too reactive to be found uncombined in nature.


lexentry: eng/holography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holography
trans_list: гологра́фия
sense:
(physics) a technique for recording, and then reconstructing, the amplitude and phase distributions of a coherent wave disturbance; used to produce three-dimensional images or holograms


lexentry: eng/holomorphic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holomorphic
trans_list: голоморфный
sense:
(complex analysis, of a complex function) Complex-differentiable on an open set around every point in its domain.


lexentry: eng/holy_fool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holy fool
trans_list: блаже́нный | юро́дивый
sense:
(chiefly, _, Eastern Orthodoxy) A person, often associated with gifts of prophecy and insight, who publicly acts as if mad or stupid, but whose madness is seen as concealing an inner sanctity for the purpose of self-humiliation.


lexentry: eng/holy_shit__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holy shit
trans_list: бля́ха-му́ха | ебать! | срань госпо́дня | ё моё
sense:
(idiomatic, vulgar, slang) Expression of terror, awe, surprise, astonishment, etc., often at something seen for the first time or remembered immediately before using this term.


lexentry: eng/holy_water__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holy water
trans_list: свята́я вода́ | святая вода
sense:
(Christianity) In certain Christian churches, water that has been sanctified by a priest or bishop for the purpose of baptism or for the blessing of persons, places, or things.


lexentry: eng/holystone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: holystone
trans_list: песча́ник
sense:
(nautical) A piece of soft sandstone used for scouring the wooden decks of ships, usually with sand and seawater. [1823]


lexentry: eng/homage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homage
trans_list: дань | почте́ние
sense:
(countable, uncountable) A demonstration of respect, such as towards an individual after their retirement or death


lexentry: eng/home__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home
trans_list: дом
sense:
One’s own dwelling place; the house or structure in which one lives; especially the house in which one lives with one's family; the habitual abode of one’s family.


lexentry: eng/home__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home
trans_list: дом
sense:
The place (residence, settlement, country, etc.), where a person was born and/or raised; childhood or parental home; home of one’s parents or guardian.


lexentry: eng/home__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: home
trans_list: ро́дина
sense:
One’s native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one’s ancestors dwell or dwelt.


lexentry: eng/home_cinema__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home cinema
trans_list: дома́шний кинотеа́тр
sense:
(UK) a system for showing cinema-quality films at home; usually comprising high-definition television and surround sound


lexentry: eng/home_country__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home country
trans_list: оте́чество | отчи́зна | ро́дина | родна́я страна́
sense:
The country in which a person was born and usually raised, regardless of the present country of residence and citizenship.


lexentry: eng/home_front__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home front
trans_list: тыл
sense:
The civilian sphere as opposed to the military; specifically, the civilian sphere supporting the military's efforts in a war.


lexentry: eng/home_page__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: home page
trans_list: ста́ртовая страни́ца
sense:
The default page set to open in a web browser or hypertext system when it starts up, or when its home function is invoked.


lexentry: eng/home_plate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home plate
trans_list: [[домашний|дома́шняя]] [[ба́за]]
sense:
(baseball) A flat, pentagonal, rubber object placed at the center of the batter's box, which is used as a basis for judging pitched strikes and balls, and the touching of which by a runner advancing from or past third base scores a run.


lexentry: eng/home_run__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home run
trans_list: хомя́к | хоум-ра́н
sense:
(baseball) A four-base hit, allowing the batter to circle the bases and reach home safely in one play without any errors being committed by the defensive team.


lexentry: eng/home_team__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home team
trans_list: кома́нда хозяев
sense:
(idiomatic, sports) The team that is playing in the usual area that they play in, as opposed to the visitor team.


lexentry: eng/home_wrecker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: home wrecker
trans_list: разлу́чница
sense:
(slang, derogatory) A person who gains the affections of someone already married or engaged, and thus causes the dissolution of the marriage or engagement.


lexentry: eng/homebody__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homebody
trans_list: домосе́д | домосе́дка
sense:
(North American, informal) A person who prefers to remain at home, rather than participate in social events elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/homecoming__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: homecoming
trans_list: [[возвраще́ние]] [[домо́й]] | [[возвраще́ние]] на [[родина|ро́дину]]
sense:
Ellipsis of harvest homecoming.; A traditional (street) party and/or dance near the start of the school year, at around fall mid-terms. Traditionally marking the start of harvest break, where students go home in autumn to harvest the crops on the family farms.


lexentry: eng/homegrown__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: homegrown
trans_list: доморо́щенный
sense:
Created or constructed in an informal or amateur manner; done without formal assistance, as from a business, organization, or professional.


lexentry: eng/homeless_shelter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homeless shelter
trans_list: [[прию́т]] для [[бездомный|бездо́мных]]
sense:
A building set up to provide for the needs of homeless people; often including shelter, food, sanitation and other forms of support.


lexentry: eng/homemaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homemaker
trans_list: домохозяйка
sense:
(US) A person who maintains the administration and upkeep of his or her residence, especially one who is not employed outside the home; one who runs the household.


lexentry: eng/homeopathy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homeopathy
trans_list: гомеопа́тия | гомеопатия
sense:
A system of treating diseases with small amounts of substances which, in larger amounts, would produce the observed symptoms.


lexentry: eng/homeosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homeosis
trans_list: гомео́зис
sense:
(pathology) The formation of a normal plant or animal structure or organ in place of another at an abnormal site; the transformation of one body part to another.


lexentry: eng/homeostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homeostasis
trans_list: гомеоста́з | гомеостаз
sense:
(physiology) The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic constancy; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable temperature.


lexentry: eng/homesickness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homesickness
trans_list: [[тоска́]] по [[родина|ро́дине]] | ностальги́я | тоска́
sense:
The characteristic of being homesick; a strong, sad feeling of missing one's home (and often left-behind loved ones, such as family and friends) when physically away.


lexentry: eng/homework__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
sense: (literally, now, _, rare) Any work that is done at home; housework.
written_rep: homework
trans_list:
[[подготовительный|подготови́тельная]] [[рабо́та]] | дома́шка | дома́шнее зада́ние | дома́шняя рабо́та | иссле́дование


lexentry: eng/homicide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homicide
trans_list: уби́йство
sense:
(countable, uncountable, crime) The killing of one person by another, whether premeditated or unintentional.


lexentry: eng/homie__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: homie
trans_list: кореш
sense:
(African American Vernacular English) A boyfriend or partner of a closeted man, used along with "Lil," to mean a bottom and "Big," to mean a top.


lexentry: eng/homing_pigeon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homing pigeon
trans_list: почто́вый го́лубь
sense:
A variety of domesticated rock pigeon (Columba livia) that has been selectively bred to be able to find its way home over extremely long distances.


lexentry: eng/hominid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hominid
trans_list: люди
sense:
Any primate of the taxonomic family Hominidae, which includes all the nonhuman great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans) as well as humans.


lexentry: eng/homogenization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homogenization
trans_list: гомогенизация
sense:
The act of making something homogenous, or the same throughout; or the tendency of something to become homogenous.


lexentry: eng/homoglyph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homoglyph
trans_list: омо́глиф
sense:
(linguistics, computing) A character identical or nearly identical in appearance to another, but which differs in the meaning it represents; thus, in character encoding terms, a character with an identical or near-identical glyph, or the glyph itself.


lexentry: eng/homology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homology
trans_list: гомология
sense:
The relationship of being homologous; a homologous relationship;(geometry, projective geometry) specifically, such relationship in the context of the geometry of perspective.


lexentry: eng/homomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homomorphism
trans_list: гомоморфи́зм | гомоморфизм
sense:
(algebra) A structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures of the same type, such as groups, rings, or vector spaces.


lexentry: eng/homonym__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: homonym
trans_list: омо́ним | омоним
sense:
(loosely) A word that sounds or is spelled the same as another word (but not necessarily both), technically called a homophone (same sound, different spelling) or a homograph (same spelling, different sound), or if both are the same, a homonym.


lexentry: eng/homophile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homophile
trans_list: гомофи́л | гомофи́лка
sense:
(dated) A homosexual, a gay man or lesbian, one who has a sexual or romantic preference for persons of the same gender; used to emphasize love over sex.


lexentry: eng/homophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homophone
trans_list: омофо́н
sense:
(semantics) A word which is pronounced the same as another word but differs in spelling or meaning or origin.


lexentry: eng/homosexual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homosexual
trans_list: гомосексуа́льный | гомосексуалист
sense:
(of a person or animal, formal, distancing, or, dated) Sexually and/or romantically attracted to members of the same sex, such as a man who is attracted to men or a woman who is attracted to women; gay. (Typically used in the sense of sole/exclusive attraction.)


lexentry: eng/homosexual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: homosexual
trans_list: гомосексуа́льный | гомосексуалист
sense:
(of a romantic or sexual act or relationship, formal, distancing, or, dated) Between two people of the same sex; gay.


lexentry: eng/homosexual__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homosexual
trans_list: гей | го́мик | гомосе́к | гомосексуа́л | гомосексуали́ст | ле́сби
sense:
(typically, formal, distancing, or, dated) A person who is sexually attracted solely or primarily to others of the same sex.


lexentry: eng/homosexuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: homosexuality
trans_list: гомосексуа́льность | гомосексуали́зм | гомосексуальность
sense:
Sexual activity with a person of the same sex, sometimes (potentially, _, offensive) restricted to same-sex sex between males. [1897]


lexentry: eng/homosociality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homosociality
trans_list: гомосоциальность
sense:
Socialization (social interaction, social relationships) with members of the same sex, as distinguished from sexual interaction with or attraction to members of the same sex (homosexuality) and social interaction with members of the opposite sex (heterosociality).


lexentry: eng/homothety__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: homothety
trans_list: гомотетия
sense:
(mathematics, geometry) An isotropic scaling transformation of an affine space with a single fixed point.


lexentry: eng/hone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hone
trans_list: брусо́к | осело́к | точильный ка́мень
sense:
A sharpening stone composed of extra-fine grit used for removing the burr or curl from the blade of a razor or some other edge tool.


lexentry: eng/honest__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honest
trans_list: и́скренний | правди́вый | че́стный
sense:
(of a person or institution) Scrupulous with regard to telling the truth; not given to swindling, lying, or fraud; upright.


lexentry: eng/honest__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: honest
trans_list: правди́вый
sense:
(of a statement) True, especially as far as is known by the person making the statement; fair; unbiased.


lexentry: eng/honey-pot_ant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honey-pot ant
trans_list: медо́вый мураве́й
sense:
A type of ant from Australia, known for a class of individuals within the colony which have huge inflated amber-coloured abdomen.


lexentry: eng/honey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honey
trans_list: мёд
sense:
(uncountable) A viscous, gold-coloured sweet fluid produced from plant nectar by bees, and often consumed by humans.


lexentry: eng/honey__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: honey
trans_list: медо́вый | мёд
sense:
A spectrum of pale yellow to brownish-yellow colour, like that of most types of (the sweet substance) honey.


lexentry: eng/honey_badger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honey badger
trans_list: медое́д
sense:
Mellivora capensis, a badger-like mustelid native to Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/honey_bee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honey bee
trans_list: медоно́сная пчела́ | пчела́ медоносная
sense:
Any of seven species of bee, in genus Apis, often kept commercially for honey, beeswax, and pollination of crops.


lexentry: eng/honey_buzzard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honey buzzard
trans_list: осое́д
sense:
European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), a summer migrant to most of Europe and western Asia, wintering in tropical Africa


lexentry: eng/honey_trap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honey trap
trans_list: медо́вая лову́шка
sense:
(idiomatic) The use of a romantic or a sexual relationship to entice a person into revealing secret information.


lexentry: eng/honeycomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honeycomb
trans_list: со́ты
sense:
(uncountable) A substance made by bees (clade Anthophila) primarily from beeswax which has hexagonal cells to hold their larvae, and for storing pollen and honey to feed the larvae and themselves when other food is scarce; it is also eaten by humans as part of comb-honey; (countable) a single sheet made up of two layers of this substance.


lexentry: eng/honeycomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: honeycomb
trans_list: со́ты
sense:
(countable, by extension) Something resembling honeycomb (sense 1) in having numerous cells or small holes.


lexentry: eng/honeydew__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honeydew
trans_list: падь | медвя́ная роса́
sense:
(uncountable) A sweet, sticky substance deposited on leaves and other plant parts by insects (especially aphids and scale insects) feeding on plant sap, or by fungi.


lexentry: eng/honeydew_melon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honeydew melon
trans_list: муска́тная ды́ня
sense:
A melon from the Cucumis melo Inodorus cultivar group, with sweet, light green or white flesh and a smooth greenish-white or yellow rind.


lexentry: eng/honeyeater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honeyeater
trans_list: медосо́с
sense:
Any of the many Australasian birds of the family Meliphagidae, which have a tongue adapted for obtaining nectar from flowers.


lexentry: eng/honeymoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: honeymoon
trans_list: медо́вый ме́сяц | медовый месяц
sense:
A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).


lexentry: eng/honor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honor
trans_list: честь | почте́ние
sense:
(uncountable) Recognition of importance or value; respect; veneration (of someone, usually for being morally upright or successful).


lexentry: eng/honor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: honor
trans_list: честь | го́нор | досто́инство
sense:
(uncountable) The state of being morally upright, honest, noble, virtuous, and magnanimous; excellence of character; the perception of such a state; favourable reputation; dignity.


lexentry: eng/honor__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: honor
trans_list: честь
sense:
(countable) A token of praise or respect; something that represents praiseworthiness or respect, such as a prize or award given by the state to a citizen.


lexentry: eng/honor__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honor
trans_list: почита́ть | почти́ть | чтить
sense:
(transitive) To think of highly, to respect highly; to show respect for; to recognise the importance or spiritual value of.


lexentry: eng/honor__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: honor
trans_list: соблюда́ть | соблюсти́
sense:
(transitive) To conform to, abide by, act in accordance with (an agreement, treaty, promise, request, or the like).


lexentry: eng/honorary_Aryan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honorary Aryan
trans_list: почётная арийка
sense:
(historical) A title accorded to the Japanese, Chinese and some other people by Nazi Germany. Although of a different race, they were considered by the Nazis to possess qualities similar enough to German Nordic characteristics to warrant the designation.


lexentry: eng/honorary_consul__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honorary consul
trans_list: почётный ко́нсул
sense:
A person representing a country as a local consul, who is a private person (without diplomatic immunity; not a career diplomat) and part-time representative, with their own primary pursuits, frequently a citizen of the country that is hosting the consul (a local citizen; not a citizen of the country being represented) or expatriate (citizen of the country being represented, living and working in the local country), frequently with commercial ties to the country being represented.


lexentry: eng/honour_killing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: honour killing
trans_list: уби́йство че́сти
sense:
(euphemistic, UK, Canada) A typically Middle Eastern and South Asian cultural practice whereby a family member, usually female, is murdered by other family members, the act being justified as retribution for a (usually sexual) slight upon the family's honour.


lexentry: eng/hooch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hooch
trans_list: горилка
sense:
(North America, informal) An alcoholic beverage, especially an inferior or illicit one and especially liquor such as whisky.


lexentry: eng/hood_rat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hood rat
trans_list: крыса
sense:
(slang, African-American Vernacular English, pejorative) A person from an urban neighbourhood who overtly exhibits attributes associated with inner city life, especially in both behaviour and appearance.


lexentry: eng/hoof__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoof
trans_list: копы́то | копыто
sense:
The tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering.


lexentry: eng/hoof_fungus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoof fungus
trans_list: трутовик
sense:
Fomes fomentarius, a fungal plant pathogen found in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America, producing large polypore fruit bodies shaped like a horse's hoof.


lexentry: eng/hook__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hook
trans_list: крюк | гак | крючо́к
sense:
A rod bent into a curved shape, typically with one end free and the other end secured to a rope or other attachment.


lexentry: eng/hook__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: hook
trans_list: хук
sense:
(narratology) A gimmick or element of a creative work intended to be attention-grabbing for the audience; a compelling idea for a story that will be sure to attract people's attention.


lexentry: eng/hook__Noun__1
sense_num: 24
written_rep: hook
trans_list: хук
sense:
(boxing) a type of punch delivered with the arm rigid and partially bent and the fist travelling nearly horizontally mesially along an arc


lexentry: eng/hook__Noun__1
sense_num: 24
written_rep: hook
trans_list: хук
sense:
(golf) A golf shot that (for the right-handed player) curves unintentionally to the left. (See draw, slice, fade.)


lexentry: eng/hook__Verb__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: hook
trans_list: соединя́ть
sense:
(Scrabble) To play a word perpendicular to another word by adding a single letter to the existing word.


lexentry: eng/hook_shot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hook shot
trans_list: хук
sense:
(basketball) A shot in which the offensive player gently throws the ball with a sweeping motion of his arm in an upward arc with a follow-through which ends over his head.


lexentry: eng/hook_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: hook up
trans_list: достигать
sense:
(intransitive, slang, followed by with) To have a casual sexual experience with another person, usually without any future relationship intended.


lexentry: eng/hookah__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hookah
trans_list: калья́н | кальян
sense:
(recreational inhalants) A pipe with a long flexible tube that draws the smoke through water, traditionally used for smoking tobacco, which is often flavored.


lexentry: eng/hookswitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hookswitch
trans_list: рога́тка
sense:
The spring-loaded button on a telephone that is depressed by the action of returning the handset to the cradle, thus terminating the call.


lexentry: eng/hoop_earring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoop earring
trans_list: серьга
sense:
An earring that is circular or semi-circular in design, generally in the form of a hoop of metal that can be opened to pass through an ear piercing.


lexentry: eng/hoop_skirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoop skirt
trans_list: кринолин
sense:
A women's undergarment worn in various historical periods to hold the skirt extended into a fashionable shape, typically consisting of a fabric petticoat with casings to hold a stiffening material, variously rope, osiers, whalebone, steel, or nylon.


lexentry: eng/hoopoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoopoe
trans_list: удо́д | удод
sense:
Any Old World bird of genus Upupa, especially Upupa epops (Eurasian hoopoe), known for its distinctive plumage, fanlike crest, and slender bill.


lexentry: eng/hop__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: hop
trans_list: пры́гать | пры́гнуть
sense:
(transitive) To suddenly take a mode of transportation that one does not drive oneself, often surreptitiously.


lexentry: eng/hope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hope
trans_list: наде́жда | надёжа | надежда
sense:
(countable, _, or, _, uncountable) The feeling of trust, confidence, belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen.


lexentry: eng/hoplite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoplite
trans_list: гопли́т | гоплит
sense:
(historical) A heavily-armed infantry soldier of Ancient Greece, wielding a one-handed spear and an aspis.


lexentry: eng/hopscotch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hopscotch
trans_list: кла́ссики | классики
sense:
(playground games) A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground.


lexentry: eng/horde__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horde
trans_list: орда́ | по́лчище
sense:
A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people (originally Tatars) migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude.


lexentry: eng/horehound__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: horehound
trans_list: ша́ндра
sense:
A herb (Marrubium vulgare), of the mint family, traditionally used as a cough remedy and to make a type of hard candy.


lexentry: eng/horizon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horizon
trans_list: горизо́нт | небоскло́н | горизонт
sense:
The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.


lexentry: eng/horizontal_bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horizontal bar
trans_list: перекла́дина | турни́к
sense:
(gymnastics) A horizontally-aligned bar used in gymnastics, upon which acts of swinging are performed.


lexentry: eng/hormone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hormone
trans_list: гормо́н | инкре́т | гормон
sense:
(physiology) Any substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity.


lexentry: eng/hormone__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hormone
trans_list: гормон
sense:
(LGBT, colloquial, usually, in the plural) Sex hormones, as used in hormone replacement therapy for transgender or intersex people.


lexentry: eng/horn__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: horn
trans_list: рог
sense:
Any similar real or imaginary growth or projection such as the elongated tusk of a narwhal, the eyestalk of a snail, the pointed growth on the nose of a rhinoceros, or the hornlike projection on the head of a demon or similar.


lexentry: eng/horn__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: horn
trans_list: рог
sense:
(uncountable) The hard substance from which animals' horns are made, sometimes used by man as a material for making various objects.


lexentry: eng/hornbeam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hornbeam
trans_list: граб
sense:
A tree of the genus Carpinus, having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, common along the banks of streams in the United States.


lexentry: eng/hornbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hornbill
trans_list: пти́ца-носоро́г
sense:
Any of various birds of the family Bucerotidae, with bills resembling a cow's horns. Many species have a casque above the bill, and many imprison their young in a tree.


lexentry: eng/hornblende__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hornblende
trans_list: рогова́я обма́нка
sense:
(mineral) A green to black amphibole mineral, of complex structure, formed in the late stages of cooling in igneous rock.


lexentry: eng/hornbook__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hornbook
trans_list: а́збука
sense:
(historical) A single page containing the alphabet, covered with a sheet of transparent horn, formerly used for teaching children to read.


lexentry: eng/horned_lizard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horned lizard
trans_list: жабови́дная я́щерица
sense:
Any of some 14 species of lizard in the genus Phrynosoma, generally with wide toad-shaped bodies less than a foot long, noted for the horny structures on their heads.


lexentry: eng/horned_owl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horned owl
trans_list: сова
sense:
An owl of the genus Bubo native to the Americas, among the largest types of owl, having two horn-like tufts of feathers on its head.


lexentry: eng/horned_puffin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horned puffin
trans_list: ипа́тка | тихоокеа́нский ту́пик
sense:
A species of puffin, Fratercula corniculata, similar in appearance to the Atlantic puffin except with different bill colours and a significant fleshy "horn" above each eye.


lexentry: eng/hornet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hornet
trans_list: ше́ршень | шершень
sense:
A large wasp, of the genus Vespa, having a brown-and-yellow-striped body and the ability to inflict a serious sting.


lexentry: eng/hornets'_nest__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hornets' nest
trans_list: оси́ное гнездо́
sense:
(figurative) An unpleasant or controversial situation likely to be exacerbated by outside involvement.


lexentry: eng/horology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horology
trans_list: хороло́гия
sense:
The art, science, and technology of making and maintaining timekeeping devices such as clocks, watches and sundials.


lexentry: eng/horoscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horoscope
trans_list: гороско́п
sense:
The position of the planets and stars at the moment of someone's birth; a diagram of such positions.


lexentry: eng/horripilation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horripilation
trans_list: гуси́ная ко́жа
sense:
A real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease, terror, chilliness, etc.


lexentry: eng/horror_movie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horror movie
trans_list: ужа́стик | фильм у́жасов | хо́ррор
sense:
(mostly, North America) A motion picture which entertains by horrifying or frightening the audience.


lexentry: eng/horse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horse
trans_list: конь | лошадь | ло́шадь
sense:
Any member of the species Equus ferus, including the Przewalski's horse and the extinct Equus ferus ferus.


lexentry: eng/horse_chestnut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horse chestnut
trans_list: ко́нский кашта́н
sense:
Any of several tree species of genus Aesculus, especially Aesculus hippocastanum, common in temperate northern hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/horse_collar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horse collar
trans_list: хому́т
sense:
A part of a horse's harness that is used to distribute the load around its neck and shoulders when pulling a wagon or plough.


lexentry: eng/horse_latitudes__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horse latitudes
trans_list: ко́нские широ́ты
sense:
(informal, geography, meteorology) The warm, subtropical bands which encircle the globe between approximately 30 and 35 degrees both north and south of the Equator, characterized by high atmospheric pressure and dry variable winds ranging from calm to light.


lexentry: eng/horse_of_a_different_color__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horse of a different color
trans_list: совсе́м друго́е де́ло
sense:
(American spelling, idiomatic) An unrelated or only incidentally related matter with distinctly different significance.


lexentry: eng/horsefly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horsefly
trans_list: сле́пень
sense:
Any of several medium to large flies, of the family Tabanidae, that suck the blood of mammals (not to be confused with Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, or dog fly).


lexentry: eng/horseshoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horseshoe
trans_list: подко́ва | подкова
sense:
The U-shaped shoe of a horse, now typically made of metal; by extension, a representation of this used to play the game horseshoes, hung as a luck charm, etc.


lexentry: eng/horseshoe_crab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horseshoe crab
trans_list: краб-подко́ва | мечехво́ст
sense:
A type of chelicerate arthropod, of the genus Limulus, resembling a crab, to which it is not closely related.


lexentry: eng/horsetail__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: horsetail
trans_list: хвощ
sense:
(botany) Any of various simple vascular plants, of the order Equisetales, that have hollow stems and produce spores.


lexentry: eng/hosanna__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hosanna
trans_list: оса́нна
sense:
A cry of praise or adoration to God in liturgical use among the Jews, and said to have been shouted in recognition of the Messiahship of Jesus on his entry into Jerusalem; hence since used in the Christian Church.


lexentry: eng/hospice__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hospice
trans_list: хо́спис
sense:
(uncountable) The provision of palliative care for terminally ill patients, either at a specialized facility or at a residence, and support for the family, typically refraining from taking extraordinary measures to prolong life.


lexentry: eng/hospital__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hospital
trans_list: больни́ца | го́спиталь | кли́ника | лече́бница
sense:
A large medical facility, usually in a building with multiple floors, where seriously ill or injured patients are given extensive medical and/or surgical treatment.


lexentry: eng/hospitality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hospitality
trans_list: гостеприи́мство | раду́шие | хлебосо́льство
sense:
The act or service of welcoming, receiving, hosting, or entertaining guests; an appropriate attitude of openness, respect, and generosity toward guests.


lexentry: eng/hospitality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hospitality
trans_list: гости́ничный би́знес | обслу́живание | хоспита́лити
sense:
(business) The business of providing catering, lodging and entertainment service; the industry which includes the operation of hotels, restaurants, and similar enterprises.


lexentry: eng/hospitalization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hospitalization
trans_list: госпитализа́ция
sense:
The hospitalizing of a patient, the condition of being hospitalized, or the period a patient stays in hospital.


lexentry: eng/hospitalize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: To send to hospital; to admit (a person) to hospital.
written_rep: hospitalize
trans_list:
[[помести́ть]] в [[больница|больни́цу]] | [[помеща́ть]] в [[больница|больни́цу]] | госпитализи́ровать


lexentry: eng/host__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: host
trans_list: кле́тка-хозя́ин | органи́зм-хозя́ин
sense:
(ecology) A cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.


lexentry: eng/host__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: host
trans_list: во́йско | рать
sense:
A multitude of people arrayed as an army; used also in religious senses, as: Heavenly host (of angels)


lexentry: eng/hostage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hostage
trans_list: зало́жник | зало́жница | заложник
sense:
A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or similar agreement, such as to ensure the status of a vassal.


lexentry: eng/hostel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hostel
trans_list: мини-оте́ль | общежи́тие | турба́за | хо́стел | хосте́л
sense:
A commercial overnight lodging place, with dormitory accommodation and shared facilities, especially a youth hostel.


lexentry: eng/hostile__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hostile
trans_list: вражде́бный | вра́жеский | неприя́тельский
sense:
Not friendly; appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence or a desire to thwart and injure.


lexentry: eng/hostility__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hostility
trans_list: [[вражде́бный]] акт
sense:
(countable) A hostile action, especially a military action. See hostilities for specific plural definition.


lexentry: eng/hostler__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hostler
trans_list: ремонтный слесарь
sense:
(by extension) A railway worker employed to care for a locomotive or other large engine; especially, a yard jockey.


lexentry: eng/hot-air_balloon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot-air balloon
trans_list: аэроста́т | возду́шный шар | монгольфье́р
sense:
A balloon-shaped aircraft whose bag is inflated with hot air, carrying passengers and crew in a gondola slung underneath.


lexentry: eng/hot_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot dog
trans_list: хот-до́г
sense:
A sandwich consisting of a frankfurter or wiener, in a bread roll, usually topped with ketchup, mustard, relish, etc.


lexentry: eng/hot_flush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot flush
trans_list: волнение
sense:
(UK, Canada, AU, NZ) A sudden, but brief, sensation of heat over the entire body; a common symptom of the menopause.


lexentry: eng/hot_pot__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hot pot
trans_list: хо-го | хого | хот-по́т
sense:
A communal meal, popular in China, where diners share a bowl of hot broth or stock into which uncooked foods such as mushrooms, vegetables, and cuts of meat are dipped until they are cooked enough to be eaten.


lexentry: eng/hot_potato__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot potato
trans_list: карто́шка
sense:
(uncountable) A child's game in which players pass a ball or other item between them, with the object of avoiding being left holding the item when time expires.


lexentry: eng/hot_spot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot spot
trans_list: [[горячий|горя́чая]] [[то́чка]]
sense:
(geology, planetology) The surface manifestation of a plume of molten material that rises from deep in a celestial body's mantle.


lexentry: eng/hot_water_bottle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot water bottle
trans_list: термофор | гре́лка
sense:
A flexible, saclike bottle, usually made of rubber, intended to be filled with hot water and placed on some part of the body for thermotherapy, or simple warming.


lexentry: eng/hot_water_heater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot water heater
trans_list: водонагрева́тель | водоподогрева́тель
sense:
An apparatus, usually fuel-burning, electric or solar-powered, in which water is heated to be used directly as domestic hot water or process hot water (but not for supplying space heating, calorifiers etc, for which a boiler or furnace is used).


lexentry: eng/hotbed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hotbed
trans_list: парни́к
sense:
A low bed of earth covered with glass, and heated with rotting manure, used for the germination of seeds and the growth of tender plants, like a miniature hothouse.


lexentry: eng/hotbed__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hotbed
trans_list: расса́дник
sense:
(by extension) An environment that is ideal for the growth or development of something, especially of something undesirable.


lexentry: eng/hotel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hotel
trans_list: гости́ница | оте́ль | гостиница | отель
sense:
An establishment that provides accommodation and other services for paying guests; normally larger than a guesthouse, and often one of a chain. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/hothouse__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hothouse
trans_list: теплица
sense:
(figurative) An environment in which growth or development is encouraged naturally or artificially; a hotbed.


lexentry: eng/hound's_tongue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hound's tongue
trans_list: черноко́рень лека́рственный
sense:
A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale) with soft tongue-shaped leaves and an offensive odour. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles.


lexentry: eng/hour__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: hour
trans_list: час | вре́мя | годи́на
sense:
(Christianity, in the plural) The set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.


lexentry: eng/houri__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: houri
trans_list: гу́рия | гурия
sense:
(Islam) A nymph in the form of a beautiful virgin supposed to dwell in Paradise for the enjoyment of the faithful.


lexentry: eng/house-search__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house-search
trans_list: обыск
sense:
A thorough search of a home or other privately owned real estate as part of an official (notably judicial) investigation.


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: house
trans_list: пала́та | дом
sense:
A building used for something other than a residence (typically with qualifying word). [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: house
trans_list: дом
sense:
A place of business; a company or organisation, especially a printing press, a publishing company, or a couturier. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: house
trans_list: дом
sense:
A place of public accommodation or entertainment, especially a public house, an inn, a restaurant, a theatre, or a casino; or the management thereof. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: house
trans_list: пала́та | дом
sense:
(politics) A building where a deliberative assembly meets; whence the assembly itself, particularly a component of a legislature. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: house
trans_list: дом | дина́стия
sense:
A dynasty; a family with its ancestors and descendants, especially a royal or noble one. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house_arrest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house arrest
trans_list: дома́шний аре́ст
sense:
(legal) Confinement of a person to his or her residence, sometimes with a limited travel allowance, ordered by a judge or other authority as a more lenient alternative to imprisonment.


lexentry: eng/house_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house music
trans_list: ха́ус
sense:
(music genre) A particular type of electronic dance music with an uptempo beat and recurring kickdrum.


lexentry: eng/house_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house number
trans_list: номер дома
sense:
The number (street address) assigned to a particular house to distinguish it from other buildings on the same street.


lexentry: eng/house_sparrow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house sparrow
trans_list: воробе́й | воробе́й обыкнове́нный
sense:
A bird of the species Passer domesticus, native to much of Eurasia, introduced in many other temperate environments.


lexentry: eng/house_wine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house wine
trans_list: дома́шнее вино́
sense:
A relatively inexpensive wine sold in a restaurant, often by the glass as well as by the bottle or unmarked carafe; both red and white are normally offered.


lexentry: eng/household_deity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: household deity
trans_list: домово́й
sense:
(mythology, religion) A minor tutelary deity watching over a household, usually conceived as a protective ancestral spirit or genius loci.


lexentry: eng/housekeeper__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: housekeeper
trans_list: домоправи́тельница | эконо́мка
sense:
Someone (traditionally a woman) employed to look after the home, typically by managing domestic servants or superintending household management; also someone with equivalent duties in a hotel, institution etc. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/housekeeper__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: housekeeper
trans_list: домрабо́тница | эконо́мка
sense:
Someone who manages the running of a home, traditionally the female head of the household. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/housewife__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: housewife
trans_list: домохозя́йка | домохозяйка
sense:
(plural "housewives") The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household.


lexentry: eng/hoverboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoverboard
trans_list: ховерборд
sense:
(mostly, science fiction) A levitating board that can be ridden in the manner of a surfboard or skateboard.


lexentry: eng/hovercraft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hovercraft
trans_list: СВП | су́дно на возду́шной поду́шке | хо́веркра́фт
sense:
(vehicle, genericized trademark) A vehicle supported on a cushion of air, able to traverse many different types of terrain and travel over water, used for transport.


lexentry: eng/hoverfly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoverfly
trans_list: журча́лка
sense:
Any of various flies from the family Syrphidae that hover in the air and feed on the nectar of flowers.


lexentry: eng/how__Adverb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: how
trans_list: как
sense:
(exclamative) Used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings in an exclamation.


lexentry: eng/how_are_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: how are you
trans_list: как дела́? | как пожива́ете? | как пожива́ешь?
sense:
(idiomatic) An informal greeting, not requiring a literal response. In form a question, and thus followed by a question mark. Typical responses include:


lexentry: eng/how_do_you_do__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: how do you do
trans_list: как дела́? | о́чень прия́тно | прия́тно познако́миться
sense:
(formal) A greeting used upon being introduced to someone. Alternatives are how are you, pleased to meet you, and nice to meet you. (Sometimes used as a rhetorical question among familiar parties, depending on the region).


lexentry: eng/howitzer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: howitzer
trans_list: га́убица | гаубица
sense:
A cannon that combines certain characteristics of field guns and mortars, delivering projectiles with medium velocities, usually with relatively high trajectories; normally a cannon with a tube length of 20 to 30 calibers.


lexentry: eng/huangjiu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: huangjiu
trans_list: жёлтое вино́ | хуанцзю́
sense:
A class of Chinese alcoholic beverages made from fermented grains including rice, millet, and wheat, typically 10–20% alcohol by volume.


lexentry: eng/hue__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hue
trans_list: отте́нок
sense:
The characteristic related to the light frequency that appears in the color, for instance red, yellow, green, cyan, blue or magenta.


lexentry: eng/hug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hug
trans_list: обнима́ние | объя́тие
sense:
A close embrace, especially when charged with an emotion such as affection, joy, relief, lust, anger, aggression, compassion, and the like, as opposed to being characterized by formality, equivocation or ambivalence (a half-embrace or "little hug").


lexentry: eng/huh__Interjection__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: huh
trans_list: а | да | да ну | ха | что
sense:
(slang, with falling pitch) Used either to belittle the issuer of a statement/question, or sarcastically to indicate utter agreement, and that the statement being responded to is an extreme understatement. The intonation is changed to distinguish between the two meanings - implied dullness for belittlement, and feigned surprise for utter agreement.


lexentry: eng/hula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hula
trans_list: ху́ла
sense:
A form of chant and dance, which was developed in the Hawaiian Islands by the Polynesians who originally settled there.


lexentry: eng/hula_hoop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hula hoop
trans_list: о́бруч | ху́ла-ху́п
sense:
A toy in the form of a large hoop which is twirled around various parts of the body, especially the waist.


lexentry: eng/hulk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hulk
trans_list: блокшив
sense:
(by extension) A non-functional but floating ship, usually stripped of equipment and rigging, and often put to other uses such as accommodation or storage.


lexentry: eng/hull__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hull
trans_list: ко́рпус | ку́зов | фюзеля́ж
sense:
(mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.


lexentry: eng/hum__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hum
trans_list: жужжа́ть
sense:
(intransitive) To make a sound from the vocal chords without pronouncing any real words, with one's lips closed.


lexentry: eng/human_being__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human being
trans_list: лю́ди | челове́к
sense:
A person; a large sapient, bipedal primate, with notably less hair than others of that order, of the species Homo sapiens.


lexentry: eng/human_capital__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human capital
trans_list: челове́ческий капита́л
sense:
(economics) The stock of competencies, knowledge, habits, social and personality attributes, including creativity, cognitive abilities, embodied in the ability to perform labor so as to produce economic value.


lexentry: eng/human_chain__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: human chain
trans_list: живая цепь
sense:
(politics) A form of demonstration in which people link their arms as a show of political solidarity.


lexentry: eng/human_condition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human condition
trans_list: челове́ческое усло́вие | человече́ская ситуа́ция
sense:
(usually, preceded by the) What it means to be human; the experiences, characteristics, and limitations of life shared by all humans, as opposed to other lifeforms.


lexentry: eng/human_immunodeficiency_virus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human immunodeficiency virus
trans_list: ви́рус иммунодефици́та челове́ка
sense:
(virology) Either of the two related viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) that progressively destroy the body's immune system and can potentially lead to AIDS.


lexentry: eng/human_resources__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human resources
trans_list: HR | ка́дровая слу́жба | челове́ческие ресу́рсы | эйч-а́р
sense:
(management) The personnel department of an organization, dealing with the recruitment, administration, management and training of employees; abbreviated as HR.


lexentry: eng/human_rights__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human rights
trans_list: пра́во челове́ка | права́ челове́ка
sense:
(international law) The set of basic rights and freedoms that all humans should be guaranteed, including the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law.


lexentry: eng/human_shield__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human shield
trans_list: [[живо́й]] щит | [[челове́ческий]] щит
sense:
(military) Civilians which a military group has deliberately placed combat targets near to deter an enemy from attacking those targets.


lexentry: eng/human_trafficking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human trafficking
trans_list: [[торго́вля]] [[люди|людьми́]] | тра́фикинг
sense:
A criminal activity in which people are recruited, harboured, transported, bought, or kidnapped to serve an exploitative purpose, such as sexual slavery, forced labor, or child soldiery.


lexentry: eng/humane__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: humane
trans_list: гуманита́рный
sense:
Pertaining to branches of learning concerned with human affairs or the humanities, especially classical literature or rhetoric.


lexentry: eng/humanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: humanism
trans_list: гумани́зм | гуманизм
sense:
(historical, often capitalized) Specifically, a cultural and intellectual movement in 14th-16th century Europe characterised by attention to classical culture and a promotion of vernacular texts, notably during the Renaissance. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/humanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: humanism
trans_list: гумани́зм | гуманизм
sense:
An ethical system that centers on humans and their values, needs, interests, abilities, dignity and freedom; especially used for a secular one which rejects theistic religion and superstition. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/humanitarian_corridor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humanitarian corridor
trans_list: гуманита́рный коридо́р
sense:
A type of temporary demilitarized zone intended to allow the safe transit of humanitarian aid into, and/or refugees out of, a crisis-hit region.


lexentry: eng/humanoid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humanoid
trans_list: человекоподо́бный
sense:
Having the appearance or characteristics of a human; being anthropomorphic under some criteria (physical, mental, genetical, ethological, ethical etc.).


lexentry: eng/humectant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humectant
trans_list: увлажни́тель
sense:
Any substance that promotes the retention of water, especially one used to keep a food product moist.


lexentry: eng/humid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humid
trans_list: вла́жный
sense:
Containing perceptible moisture (usually describing air or atmosphere); damp; moist; somewhat wet or watery.


lexentry: eng/humidor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humidor
trans_list: хьюмидо́р
sense:
A container designed to keep its contents at a constant humidity; especially such a box for storing cigars.


lexentry: eng/hummingbird_hawkmoth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hummingbird hawkmoth
trans_list: языкан обыкновенный
sense:
Any of various sphingid moths of the genus Macroglossum, especially Macroglossum stellatarum, which, like hummingbirds, hover in front of flowers to feed.


lexentry: eng/hummus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hummus
trans_list: ху́мус | хумус
sense:
A Levantine Arab dip made of chickpea paste with various additions, such as olive oil, fresh garlic, lemon juice, and tahini, often eaten with pitta bread, or as a meze.


lexentry: eng/humorist__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: humorist
trans_list: юмори́ст | юмори́стка
sense:
A humorous or witty person, especially someone skilled in humorous writing or performance. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/humour__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: humour
trans_list: настрое́ние
sense:
(uncountable) A mood, especially a bad mood; a temporary state of mind or disposition brought upon by an event; an abrupt illogical inclination or whim.


lexentry: eng/humour__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: humour
trans_list: гумор
sense:
(archaic, or, historical) Any of the fluids in an animal body, especially the four "cardinal humours" of blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm that were believed to control the health and mood of the human body.


lexentry: eng/humour__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: humour
trans_list: ю́мор | юмор
sense:
(medicine) Either of the two regions of liquid within the eyeball, the aqueous humour and vitreous humour.


lexentry: eng/humph__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humph
trans_list: гм | хм
sense:
(onomatopoeia) A sound, usually made with a closed mouth pouting, indicating annoyance, indignation, disapproval, doubt, or sighing.


lexentry: eng/humuhumunukunukuapuaa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humuhumunukunukuapuaa
trans_list: Пика́ссо прямоуго́льчатый | разрисо́ванный Пика́ссо
sense:
Either of two species, Rhinecanthus aculeatus and Rhinecanthus rectangulus, of triggerfishes native to the reefs of Hawaii.


lexentry: eng/humus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humus
trans_list: гу́мус | перегно́й
sense:
A large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms.


lexentry: eng/hundred__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hundred
trans_list: со́тня
sense:
(historical) An administrative subdivision of southern English counties formerly reckoned as comprising 100 hides (households or families) and notionally equal to 12,000 acres.


lexentry: eng/hundredweight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hundredweight
trans_list: центнер
sense:
(historical) Various units of ancient measurement systems consisting of 100 units usually translated as "pounds".


lexentry: eng/hung__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: hung
trans_list: косный
sense:
(computing, colloquial) Of a computer or similar device, receiving power but not functioning as desired; working very slowly or not at all. The condition is often corrected by rebooting the computer.


lexentry: eng/hung_jury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hung jury
trans_list: [[прися́жные]], несумевшие прийти к единому [[реше́нию]]
sense:
(legal) A jury in a legal trial that is unable to reach or come to a verdict because the jurors cannot agree on a decision.


lexentry: eng/hunger__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hunger
trans_list: алкать | жа́ждать
sense:
(figuratively, intransitive, usually, _, with 'for' or 'after') To have a desire (for); to long; to yearn.


lexentry: eng/hungry_ghost__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hungry ghost
trans_list: преты
sense:
(Buddhism, Chinese folk religion) A type of supernatural being, condemned to desire more than it can consume; often depicted with large belly and tiny mouth.


lexentry: eng/hunter-gatherer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hunter-gatherer
trans_list: охо́тник-собира́тель
sense:
A member of a group of people who live by hunting animals and gathering edible plants for their main food sources, and who do not keep animals or farm land.


lexentry: eng/hunting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hunting
trans_list: охо́та
sense:
The act of finding and killing a wild animal, either for sport or with the intention of using its parts to make food, clothes, etc.


lexentry: eng/hunting_knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hunting knife
trans_list: охо́тничий нож
sense:
A knife optimized for use in hunting animals, usually with a substantial belly and sometimes with a back edge that is partially serrated#Adjective for sawing#Noun; fixed-blade and folding versions are both popular, and tasks such as field dressing, skinning#Noun, and bushcraft are anticipated.


lexentry: eng/hurdle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurdle
trans_list: барье́р | препя́тствие
sense:
(athletics, horses) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.


lexentry: eng/hurdle__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hurdle
trans_list: плете́нь
sense:
A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for enclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.


lexentry: eng/hurdy-gurdy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurdy-gurdy
trans_list: колёсная ли́ра
sense:
(musical instrument) A stringed instrument that produces a droning sound by turning a handle that connects to a wheel that rubs against a rosined string, with a keyboard also used to alter the pitch of the string.


lexentry: eng/hurricane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurricane
trans_list: урага́н | ураган
sense:
A severe tropical cyclone in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or in the eastern North Pacific off the west coast of Mexico, with winds of 119 km/h (74 miles per hour) or greater accompanied by rain, lightning, and thunder that sometimes moves into temperate latitudes.


lexentry: eng/hurt_a_fly__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurt a fly
trans_list: му́хи не оби́дит
sense:
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative, chiefly with a conditional) To hurt or damage something even a little.


lexentry: eng/hurtle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurtle
trans_list: донести́сь | мча́ться | нести́сь | пронести́сь | снести́сь
sense:
To cause (someone or something) to collide with or hit another person or thing; or (two people or things) to collide with or hit each other.


lexentry: eng/husband_and_wife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: husband and wife
trans_list: муж и жена́ | супру́ги
sense:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see husband,‎ and,‎ wife. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/husbandry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: husbandry
trans_list: земледе́лие | се́льское хозя́йство
sense:
The occupation or work of a husbandman or farmer; the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock; agriculture.


lexentry: eng/husk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: husk
trans_list: ко́рка | кожура́ | скорлупа́ | шелуха́
sense:
The dry, leafy or stringy exterior of certain vegetables or fruits, which must be removed before eating the meat inside.


lexentry: eng/hustle__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hustle
trans_list: хасл
sense:
(preceded by definite article) A type of disco dance, commonly danced to the Van McCoy song The Hustle.


lexentry: eng/hut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hut
trans_list: хи́жина
sense:
A small, simple one-storey dwelling or shelter, often with just one room, and generally built of readily available local materials.


lexentry: eng/hutong__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hutong
trans_list: хуту́н
sense:
A narrow alley or street in a traditional residential district of a city in China, especially Beijing. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/hyacinth_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyacinth bean
trans_list: гиаци́нтовые бобы́ | ло́бия
sense:
A climbing leguminous plant (Lablab purpureus), with white or dark purple flowers, native to Africa, widely cultivated in the tropics.


lexentry: eng/hyaluronic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyaluronic acid
trans_list: гиалуро́новая кислота́
sense:
(organic compound, biochemistry) A mucopolysaccharide (a kind of polymer) that forms a gel-like substance within animal connective tissue.


lexentry: eng/hybrid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hybrid
trans_list: гибри́д | по́месь
sense:
(biology) Offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.


lexentry: eng/hybrid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hybrid
trans_list: гибри́д | по́месь
sense:
Something of mixed origin or composition; often, a tool or technology that combines the benefits of formerly separate tools or technologies.


lexentry: eng/hybrid_war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hybrid war
trans_list: гибри́дная война́
sense:
A war that comprises the use of conventional and non-conventional means by at least one side, which officially undeclares or denies involvement


lexentry: eng/hybrid_warfare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hybrid warfare
trans_list: гибри́дная война́
sense:
a military strategy that blends conventional warfare and irregular warfare across the full spectrum of conflict.


lexentry: eng/hydra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydra
trans_list: ги́дра
sense:
Any of several small freshwater polyps of the genus Hydra and related genera, having a naked cylindrical body and an oral opening surrounded by tentacles.


lexentry: eng/hydraulic_engineering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydraulic engineering
trans_list: гидротехника
sense:
A sub-discipline of civil engineering concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage.


lexentry: eng/hydraulic_fracturing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydraulic fracturing
trans_list: гидравли́ческий разры́в пласта́
sense:
(oil drilling) A technique in which a mixture of water and sand is forced down an oil well (or similar) in order to create fractures in the oil-bearing rock and thus release more oil.


lexentry: eng/hydraulics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydraulics
trans_list: гидра́влика | гидравлика
sense:
The engineering science that deals with practical applications where liquid is in motion and transmits energy.


lexentry: eng/hydrazine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hydrazine
trans_list: гидрази́н
sense:
(organic compound, countable) Any member of the class of organic compounds formally derived from NH2-NH2.


lexentry: eng/hydrobromic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrobromic acid
trans_list: бромистоводоро́дная кислота́
sense:
(inorganic compound) A solution of hydrogen bromide, HBr, in water; it is a strong acid, used in the production of bromine compounds.


lexentry: eng/hydrocephalus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrocephalus
trans_list: водя́нка головно́го мо́зга | гидроцефа́лия
sense:
(medicine) A usually congenital condition in which an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cerebral ventricles causes enlargement of the skull and compression of the brain, destroying much of the neural tissue


lexentry: eng/hydrochloric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrochloric acid
trans_list: соля́ная кислота́ | хлороводоро́дная кислота́
sense:
(inorganic compound) A strong acid made by dissolving the gas hydrogen chloride in water. It reacts with alkalis, bases and many metals to form chlorides; it has many industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/hydroelectric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydroelectric
trans_list: гидроэлектри́ческий
sense:
that generates electricity by converting the energy of moving water, or of steam escaping under high pressure


lexentry: eng/hydrofining__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrofining
trans_list: гидроочи́стка
sense:
(chemistry) A chemical engineering process in which hydrocarbons are hydrogenated and desulfurized catalytically as part of oil refining


lexentry: eng/hydrofluoric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrofluoric acid
trans_list: пла́виковая кислота́ | фтористоводоро́дная кислота́
sense:
(chemistry) A solution of hydrogen fluoride, HF, in water; it is a weak but very corrosive acid, used in the production of fluorine compounds, and in metallurgy.


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_bomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen bomb
trans_list: водоро́дная бо́мба
sense:
A thermonuclear bomb that derives its destructive power from the fusion of isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium).


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen chloride
trans_list: хлороводород
sense:
(inorganic compound) An inorganic compound with the formula HCl. Forms hydrochloric acid when dissolved in water.


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_peroxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen peroxide
trans_list: пе́рекись водоро́да | пероксид водорода
sense:
(inorganic compound) A colourless liquid, H2O2, soluble in water, used as a mild antiseptic, bleaching agent (especially for bleaching hair), oxidizing agent and chemical reagent.


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_sulfide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen sulfide
trans_list: сероводоро́д | сульфи́д водоро́да
sense:
(inorganic compound) A toxic gas, H2S, smelling like rotten eggs and used in analytical chemistry and industry.


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_vehicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen vehicle
trans_list: водородный тра́нспорт
sense:
Any vehicle that uses hydrogen as its principal fuel, normally via the electricity produced by a fuel cell.


lexentry: eng/hydrogenate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogenate
trans_list: гидри́ровать
sense:
(chemistry, transitive) to treat something, or react something, with hydrogen; especially to react an unsaturated fat with hydrogen, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, to produce a harder saturated fat


lexentry: eng/hydrogeology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogeology
trans_list: гидрогеология
sense:
The geology of groundwater, especially concerning the physical, biological and chemical properties of its occurrence and movement.


lexentry: eng/hydrography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrography
trans_list: гидрогра́фия | гидрография
sense:
(nautical) The scientific measurement and description of the physical features and conditions of navigable waters and the shoreline.


lexentry: eng/hydrology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrology
trans_list: гидроло́гия | гидрология
sense:
The science of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on a planet's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere


lexentry: eng/hydrolysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrolysis
trans_list: гидролиз
sense:
(chemistry) A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water.


lexentry: eng/hydrometallurgy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrometallurgy
trans_list: гѝдрометаллурги́я
sense:
The field of extractive metallurgy involving the use of aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials.


lexentry: eng/hydrometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrometry
trans_list: гидроме́трия
sense:
(physics) The branch of hydrostatics dealing with the measurement of specific gravity using hydrometers


lexentry: eng/hydrophilic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrophilic
trans_list: гидрофи́льный
sense:
(physics, chemistry) Having an affinity for water; able to absorb, or be wetted by water; water-loving.


lexentry: eng/hydroplane__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hydroplane
trans_list: катиться
sense:
(automotive, UK) For a car or similar vehicle to slide along the road on a thin film of water between the road and the tyres. This occurs when a car has some speed and comes to somewhere with more water on the road than the weight of the car and the grooves in the tyre tread pattern (if any) can push away. The result is almost no traction at all for steering or braking.


lexentry: eng/hydrotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrotherapy
trans_list: гидротерапи́я | водолече́ние
sense:
(alternative medicine) Any of various techniques that use water, either externally or internally, for the treatment of disease and for the soothing of pain.


lexentry: eng/hydroxychloroquine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydroxychloroquine
trans_list: гидроксихлорохин
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug derived from quinolone that is taken orally in the form of its sulfate C18H26ClN3O·H2SO4 to treat malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus.


lexentry: eng/hydroxyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydroxyl
trans_list: гидрокси́л
sense:
(chemistry) A univalent radical or functional group (–OH) in organic chemistry; present in alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids and certain other classes of compounds.


lexentry: eng/hydrozoan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrozoan
trans_list: гидрозо́й
sense:
Any of many colonial coelenterates, of the class Hydrozoa, including the hydras, hydroids, hydrocorals, and siphonophores.


lexentry: eng/hyena__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyena
trans_list: гие́на | гиена
sense:
Any of the medium-sized to large feliform carnivores of the subfamily Hyaenidae, native to Africa and Asia and noted for the sound similar to laughter which they can make if excited.


lexentry: eng/hyena__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hyena
trans_list: гие́на | гиена
sense:
(Sub-Saharan Africa) A man that performs ritualized sex acts with recently widowed women and menarchal girls.


lexentry: eng/hygrometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hygrometer
trans_list: гигро́метр | влагоме́р
sense:
(meteorology) An instrument that measures the humidity of the air or other gases, especially the relative humidity.


lexentry: eng/hylomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hylomorphism
trans_list: гилеморфизм
sense:
(philosophy) The doctrine that every physical substance is the sum of its component matter and the form taken by that matter.


lexentry: eng/hylozoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hylozoism
trans_list: гилозои́зм
sense:
A philosophical doctrine espousing that all or some material things possess life, or that all life is inseparable from matter.


lexentry: eng/hypallage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypallage
trans_list: гипалла́га
sense:
(rhetoric, grammar) A construction in which a modifier with meaning associated with one word appears grammatically applied to another, often used as a literary device.


lexentry: eng/hyperbaton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbaton
trans_list: гипербатон
sense:
(grammar) An inversion of the usual or logical order of words or phrases, for emphasis or poetic effect.


lexentry: eng/hyperbola__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbola
trans_list: гипе́рбола | гипербола
sense:
(geometry) A conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane that intersects the base of the cone and is not tangent to the cone. The function y(x) = 1/x draws a hyperbola.


lexentry: eng/hyperbole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbole
trans_list: гипе́рбола | преувеличе́ние
sense:
(uncountable, rhetoric, literature) Deliberate or unintentional overstatement, particularly extreme overstatement.


lexentry: eng/hyperbolic__Adjective__2
sense_num: 05
written_rep: hyperbolic
trans_list: гиперболический
sense:
(topology) Of, pertaining to, or in a hyperbolic space (a space having negative curvature or sectional curvature).


lexentry: eng/hyperbolic_cosine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbolic cosine
trans_list: гиперболи́ческий ко́синус
sense:
(mathematics) a hyperbolic function that is written in symbol cosh and defined as the following: \cosh(x) = \tfrac 1 2 (e^x + e^{-x})


lexentry: eng/hyperbolic_sine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbolic sine
trans_list: гиперболи́ческий си́нус
sense:
(mathematics) A hyperbolic function that is the analogue of the sine function for hyperbolic spaces, taking in a hyperbolic angle as an argument and returning the y-coordinate for the corresponding point on the unit hyperbola. It is written in symbol sinh and can be represented as: \sinh(x) = \tfrac 1 2 (e^x - e^{-x})


lexentry: eng/hyperborean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperborean
trans_list: гиперборейский
sense:
Pertaining to the extreme north of the earth, or (usually jocular) to a specific northern country or area.


lexentry: eng/hypercorrection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypercorrection
trans_list: гиперкорре́ктность | гиперкорре́кция
sense:
(linguistics) Nonstandard language use that results from the over-application of a perceived prescriptive rule.


lexentry: eng/hypercube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypercube
trans_list: гиперку́б | тессера́кт
sense:
(geometry) A geometric figure in four or more dimensions, which is analogous to a cube in three dimensions. Specifically, the n-dimensional equivalent of a cube for any non-negative integer n.


lexentry: eng/hyperextension__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hyperextension
trans_list: гиперэксте́нзия
sense:
An exercise performed by lying on the stomach, ideally inclined upwards as on a Roman chair to reach a higher range of motion, and raising and lowering the upper torso.


lexentry: eng/hypergeometric_distribution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypergeometric distribution
trans_list: гипергеометри́ческое распределе́ние
sense:
(probability theory, statistics) A discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of k "successes" in a sequence of n draws without replacement from a finite population.


lexentry: eng/hyperhidrosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperhidrosis
trans_list: гипергидро́з
sense:
(pathology) A medical condition with the primary symptom of excessive sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.


lexentry: eng/hyperkinetic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperkinetic
trans_list: гиперкинетический
sense:
(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) Of, relating to, or affected with hyperkinesis or hyperactivity.


lexentry: eng/hyperkinetic_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperkinetic disorder
trans_list: гиперкинези́я | гиперкинетическое расстройство
sense:
(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) A developmental disorder in which a person has a persistent and pervasive pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.


lexentry: eng/hypernym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypernym
trans_list: гиперо́ним | гипероним
sense:
(semantics) A superordinate word or phrase; a term whose referents form a set which includes as a subset the referents of a subordinate term—as, for example, insect being (a hypernym) for ant.


lexentry: eng/hyperon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperon
trans_list: гиперо́н
sense:
(physics) Any baryon (a three-quark particle) with a non-zero strangeness (i.e., whose composition includes one or more strange or anti-strange quarks).


lexentry: eng/hyperplane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperplane
trans_list: гиперпло́скость
sense:
(geometry) An n-dimensional generalization of a plane; an affine subspace of dimension n − 1 that splits an n-dimensional space. (In a one-dimensional space, it is a point; in two-dimensional space it is a line; in three-dimensional space, it is an ordinary plane.)


lexentry: eng/hypersexuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypersexuality
trans_list: гиперсексуа́льность
sense:
Excessive desire for sexual activity, especially when considered high enough to be clinically significant.


lexentry: eng/hypersonic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypersonic
trans_list: гиперзвуково́й
sense:
(of a speed, aviation) Equal to, or greater than, or capable of achieving, five times the speed of sound.


lexentry: eng/hyperspace__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hyperspace
trans_list: гиперпростра́нство
sense:
(science fiction) A notional space orthogonal to the usual dimensions of space-time often used for faster-than-light travel.


lexentry: eng/hypertext__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypertext
trans_list: гиперте́кст | гипертекст
sense:
(uncountable) Digital text in which the reader may navigate related information through embedded hyperlinks.


lexentry: eng/hyperthymesia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperthymesia
trans_list: гипертимезия
sense:
(neuroscience) A rare condition in which an individual possesses a superior autobiographical memory and is able to recall the vast majority of personal events and experiences in life.


lexentry: eng/hyperthymia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperthymia
trans_list: гипертими́я
sense:
A personality type characterized by an excessively positive disposition similar to, but more stable than hypomania. This temperament generally describes a person with high energy and enthusiasm for life activities, as opposed to dysthymia.


lexentry: eng/hypertrophy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypertrophy
trans_list: гипертрофи́я | гипертрофия
sense:
(countable, medicine) An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its individual cells.


lexentry: eng/hyphen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyphen
trans_list: дефи́с | чёрточка | дефис
sense:
The symbol "‐", typically used to join two or more words to form a compound term, or to indicate that a word has been split at the end of a line.


lexentry: eng/hyphenation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: The inclusion of hyphens; especially, the correct locations of hyphens.
written_rep: hyphenation
trans_list:
[[разби́вка]] по [[слог|слога́м]] | [[расстано́вка]] [[перенос|перено́сов]] | перено́с | слогоделе́ние


lexentry: eng/hypnagogic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hypnagogic
trans_list: гипнагогический
sense:
That accompanies falling asleep; especially, pertaining to the semi-conscious period immediately preceding sleep.


lexentry: eng/hypnosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypnosis
trans_list: гипно́з | гипноз
sense:
A trancelike state, artificially induced, in which a person has a heightened suggestibility, and in which suppressed memories may be experienced.


lexentry: eng/hypocaust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypocaust
trans_list: гипока́уст
sense:
An underfloor space or flue through which heat from a furnace passes to heat the floor of a room or a bath.


lexentry: eng/hypochondria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypochondria
trans_list: ипохо́ндрия
sense:
(medicine) A psychological disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness.


lexentry: eng/hypochondriasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypochondriasis
trans_list: ипохо́ндрия
sense:
(medicine) A mental disorder characterized by excessive fear of or preoccupation with a serious illness, despite medical testing and reassurance to the contrary.


lexentry: eng/hypocrisy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hypocrisy
trans_list: лицеме́рие | двули́чие | ха́нжество | лицемерие
sense:
The practice of engaging in the same behaviour or activity for which one criticises another; moral self-contradiction whereby the behavior of one or more people belies their own claimed or implied possession of certain beliefs, standards or virtues.


lexentry: eng/hypocrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypocrite
trans_list: лицеме́р | ханжа́
sense:
Someone who practices hypocrisy, who pretends to hold beliefs, or whose actions are not consistent with their claimed beliefs. [from early 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/hypocycloid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypocycloid
trans_list: гипоцикло́ида
sense:
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping inside the circumference of another circle.


lexentry: eng/hypoglossal_nerve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypoglossal nerve
trans_list: подъязычный нерв
sense:
(neuroanatomy) Either of the 12th and final pair of cranial nerves which are motor nerves arising from the medulla oblongata and supplying muscles of the tongue in higher vertebrates.


lexentry: eng/hyponym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyponym
trans_list: гипо́ним | гипоним
sense:
(semantics) A more specific term; a subordinate grouping word or phrase; a term designating a subclass of another more general class described by the given word.


lexentry: eng/hypopituitarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypopituitarism
trans_list: гипопитуитаризм
sense:
(medicine) A decrease in secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland.


lexentry: eng/hypospadias__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypospadias
trans_list: гипоспадия
sense:
(anatomy) A congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.


lexentry: eng/hypostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hypostasis
trans_list: ипоста́сь
sense:
(theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (sharing a single ‘essence’). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/hypostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hypostasis
trans_list: гипо́стасис
sense:
(psychology) Referring to the hypostatic model of personality; i.e., asserting that humans present themselves in many different aspects or hypostases, depending on the internal and external realities they relate to, including different approaches to the study of personality.


lexentry: eng/hypothalamus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypothalamus
trans_list: гипотала́мус | гипоталамус
sense:
(neuroanatomy) A region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes and governing the autonomic nervous system.


lexentry: eng/hypothesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypothesis
trans_list: гипо́теза | предположе́ние | гипотеза
sense:
(sciences) Used loosely, a tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, investigation and/or experimentation. As a scientific term of art, see the attached quotation. Compare to theory, and quotation given there.


lexentry: eng/hypothyroidism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypothyroidism
trans_list: гипотирео́з
sense:
(pathology) The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. [from 1900s]


lexentry: eng/hypotrochoid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypotrochoid
trans_list: гипотрохоида
sense:
(geometry) A geometric curve traced by a fixed point on the radius line outside one circle which rotates inside the perimeter of another circle.


lexentry: eng/hypoxemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypoxemia
trans_list: гипоксемия
sense:
(medicine) An abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in the blood, be it the partial pressure of oxygen (mm Hg), the content of oxygen (ml oxygen per dl of blood) or the per cent saturation of the blood's hemoglobin, singly or in combination.


lexentry: eng/hypoxia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypoxia
trans_list: гипокси́я
sense:
(pathology) A condition in which tissues (especially the blood) are deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen; anoxia [from 1940s]


lexentry: eng/hyrax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyrax
trans_list: дама́н | жиря́к
sense:
Any of several small, paenungulate herbivorous mammals of the order Hyracoidea, with a bulky frame and fang-like incisors, native to Africa and the Middle East.


lexentry: eng/hyssop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyssop
trans_list: иссо́п | иссоп
sense:
Any of several aromatic bushy herbs, of the genus Hyssopus, native to Southern Europe and once used medicinally.


lexentry: eng/hysteresis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hysteresis
trans_list: гистере́зис
sense:
A property of a system such that an output value is not a strict function of the corresponding input, but also incorporates some lag, delay, or history dependence, and in particular when the response for a decrease in the input variable is different from the response for an increase. For example, a thermostat with a nominal setpoint of 75° might switch the controlled heat source on when the temperature drops below 74°, and off when it rises above 76°.


lexentry: eng/hysteria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hysteria
trans_list: истери́я | истерия
sense:
Behavior exhibiting excessive or uncontrollable emotions, in a wide range from joy to panic but usually including anxiety or fear.


lexentry: eng/hysteria__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hysteria
trans_list: истери́я
sense:
(medicine, nosologically dated) A mental disorder characterized by emotional excitability etc. without an organic cause.


lexentry: eng/háček__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: háček
trans_list: га́чек | га́чка
sense:
(orthography, and, typography) A caron; a diacritical mark (ˇ) usually resembling an inverted circumflex, but in the cases of ď, Ľ, ľ, and ť resembling a prime (′) instead.


lexentry: eng/iPhone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iPhone
trans_list: айфо́н
sense:
(trademark) A smartphone of a series produced by Apple, which typically combine a camera phone, PDA, multimedia player, and wireless communication device.


lexentry: eng/iamb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iamb
trans_list: ямб
sense:
(prosody) A metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.


lexentry: eng/iambic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iambic
trans_list: ямби́ческий
sense:
(prosody) Consisting of iambs (metrical feet with an unstressed-stressed pattern) or characterized by their predominance. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/iatrogenic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iatrogenic
trans_list: ятроге́нный
sense:
(medicine, of a disease, injury, or other adverse outcome) Induced by the words or actions of the physician or by medical treatment or diagnostic procedure.


lexentry: eng/ibid.__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ibid.
trans_list: там же
sense:
(bibliography, abbreviation) ibidem, in the same place. Indicates a reference to the same source as the previous one.


lexentry: eng/ibis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ibis
trans_list: и́бис | ибис
sense:
Any of various long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, having long downcurved bills used to probe the mud for prey such as crustaceans.


lexentry: eng/ibisbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ibisbill
trans_list: серпоклю́в
sense:
Ibidorhyncha struthersii, a species of wading bird in the monotypic family Ibidorhynchidae, inhabiting the shingle riverbanks of the high plateau of Central Asia and the Himalayas.


lexentry: eng/ibrik__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ibrik
trans_list: дже́зва
sense:
A long-spouted pitcher, typically made of brass. Occasionally confused with a Turkish coffee pot, which is properly called "jezve".


lexentry: eng/ice__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ice
trans_list: глазирова́ть
sense:
(transitive) To cover with icing (frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg); to frost; as cakes, tarts, etc.


lexentry: eng/ice_age__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ice age
trans_list: леднико́вый пери́од | ледниковый период
sense:
(colloquial) Any of several glacial periods (within a scientific ice age) marked by episodes of extensive glaciation alternating with episodes of relative warmth (interglacial).


lexentry: eng/ice_cap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice cap
trans_list: леднико́вый по́кров | ледяна́я ша́пка
sense:
A permanent expanse of ice encompassing a large geographical area, as for example in Earth's polar zones (polar ice) or at high elevation. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/ice_core__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice core
trans_list: ледяно́й керн
sense:
A core sample removed from an ice sheet, most commonly from the polar ice caps of Antarctica, Greenland or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere, the properties of which can be used to reconstruct a climatic record of a given area.


lexentry: eng/ice_cream_cone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice cream cone
trans_list: рожок
sense:
A thin, conical confection baked from crepe batter, sealed at its apex, used to hold ice cream while it is being eaten.


lexentry: eng/ice_hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice hole
trans_list: про́рубь
sense:
A hole in the ice of a frozen body of water, often man-made with the scope of fishing. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/ice_pack__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ice pack
trans_list: аккумулятор холода
sense:
A plastic sac of silicone that can be cooled in a freezer and then used in a cool bag, cool box or cooler; a freezer block


lexentry: eng/ice_rink__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice rink
trans_list: като́к
sense:
A specially frozen surface of water on which people skate or play ice hockey; the building that houses such a surface.


lexentry: eng/ice_road__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice road
trans_list: зи́мник
sense:
A type of winter road, built on frozen terrain and frozen bodies of water, with a road surface built from ice, typically reinforced by freezing applied water onto the top.


lexentry: eng/ice_shelf__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice shelf
trans_list: шельфовые ледники
sense:
A thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice sheet flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. Ice shelves are found in Antarctica, Greenland, and Canada only.


lexentry: eng/ice_wine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice wine
trans_list: ледяно́е вино́
sense:
A sweet dessert wine made from grapes that are harvested after they have naturally frozen on the vine.


lexentry: eng/iceberg__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: iceberg
trans_list: а́йсберг | айсберг
sense:
A huge mass of ocean-floating ice which has broken off a glacier or ice shelf [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/icebox__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: icebox
trans_list: морози́лка
sense:
(UK) A compartment in a refrigerator that is colder than the rest of the refrigerator and is used as a freezer.


lexentry: eng/icebreaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icebreaker
trans_list: ледоко́л | ледокол
sense:
A ship designed to break through ice so that it, or other ships coming behind, can navigate on frozen seas.


lexentry: eng/ichor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ichor
trans_list: ихор
sense:
(Greek mythology) The liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/ichthyosaur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ichthyosaur
trans_list: ихтиоза́вр
sense:
Any of several fishlike marine reptiles of the extinct order †Ichthyosauria of the early Triassic to the late Cretaceous period, that had a body somewhat like a porpoise. [from c. 1830]


lexentry: eng/icing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icing
trans_list: глазу́рь
sense:
(cooking) A sweet, often creamy and thick glaze made primarily of sugar, often enriched with ingredients like butter, egg whites, or flavorings, typically used for baked goods.


lexentry: eng/icing_on_the_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icing on the cake
trans_list: ви́шенка на то́рте
sense:
(idiomatic) Something that intensifies the appreciation of something already good (or bad in an ironic sense depending on the context).


lexentry: eng/icon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icon
trans_list: изображе́ние | о́браз | икона
sense:
An image, symbol, picture, portrait, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion.


lexentry: eng/icon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: icon
trans_list: ико́на | икона
sense:
(religion, especially, Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.


lexentry: eng/iconoclasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconoclasm
trans_list: иконоборчество | иконоклазм
sense:
The belief in, participation in, or sanction of destroying religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually with religious or political motives.


lexentry: eng/iconoclast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconoclast
trans_list: иконобо́рец
sense:
(historical, Christianity) One who destroys religious images or icons, especially an opponent of the Orthodox Church in the 8th and 9th centuries, or a Puritan during the European Reformation.


lexentry: eng/iconoclastic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconoclastic
trans_list: де́рзкий | иконобо́рческий | мяте́жный
sense:
Characterized by attack on established and accepted beliefs, customs, or institutions; of or pertaining to iconoclasm.


lexentry: eng/iconography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconography
trans_list: иконография
sense:
A set of specified or traditional symbolic forms associated with the subject or theme of a stylized genre of art.


lexentry: eng/iconostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconostasis
trans_list: иконоста́с | иконостас
sense:
(Eastern Orthodoxy) A wall of icons between the sanctuary and the nave in an Eastern Orthodox church.


lexentry: eng/icositetrachoron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icositetrachoron
trans_list: двадцатичетырёхъячейник
sense:
(mathematics) A four-dimensional object with no regular three-dimensional analogue, constructed out of twenty-four octahedra.


lexentry: eng/id__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: id
trans_list: ид
sense:
(psychoanalysis) The unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model.


lexentry: eng/ide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ide
trans_list: язь
sense:
A freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, found across northern Europe and Asia, especially Leuciscus idus. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/idea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idea
trans_list: иде́я
sense:
(philosophy) An abstract archetype of a given thing, compared to which real-life examples are seen as imperfect approximations; pure essence, as opposed to actual examples. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/idea__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: idea
trans_list: поня́тие | представле́ние
sense:
More generally, any result of mental activity; a thought, a notion; a way of thinking. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/idea__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: idea
trans_list: за́мысел | иде́я | план
sense:
A conception in the mind of something to be done; a plan for doing something, an intention. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/ideal__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ideal
trans_list: идеа́л
sense:
(algebra, order theory, lattice theory) A non-empty lower set (of a partially ordered set) which is closed under binary suprema (a.k.a. joins).


lexentry: eng/ideal_gas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ideal gas
trans_list: идеа́льный газ
sense:
(physics) a hypothetical gas, whose molecules exhibit no interaction, and undergo elastic collision with each other and with the walls of the container


lexentry: eng/idealism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idealism
trans_list: идеали́зм | идеализм
sense:
The property of a person of having high ideals that are usually unrealizable or at odds with practical life.


lexentry: eng/idealism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: idealism
trans_list: идеали́зм | идеализм
sense:
(philosophy) An approach to philosophical enquiry, which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can only be had of ideas or mental pictures.


lexentry: eng/idempotence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idempotence
trans_list: идемпоте́нтность
sense:
(mathematics, computing) A quality of an action such that repetitions of the action have no further effect on outcome – being idempotent.


lexentry: eng/idempotent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idempotent
trans_list: идемпоте́нтный
sense:
(mathematics, computing) (said of a function) Such that, when performed multiple times on the same subject, it has no further effect on its subject after the first time it is performed.


lexentry: eng/identical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identical
trans_list: иденти́чный | одина́ковый
sense:
(not comparable) Bearing full likeness by having precisely the same set of characteristics; indistinguishable.


lexentry: eng/identical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: identical
trans_list: иденти́чный | тожде́ственный | тот же са́мый
sense:
(not comparable) Not different or other; not another or others; not different as regards self; selfsame; numerically identical.


lexentry: eng/identification__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: identification
trans_list: идентифика́ция | опозна́ние | опознава́ние | отождествле́ние | распознава́ние
sense:
(broadly, often) The combination of identifying (which one, which thing) and validating the identity (proving or confirming it); identifying and authenticating viewed as a unitary concept in cognition.


lexentry: eng/identifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: identifier
trans_list: идентифика́тор
sense:
(programming, operating systems) A formal name used in source code to refer to a variable, function, procedure, package, etc. or in an operating system to refer to a process, user, group, etc.


lexentry: eng/identikit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identikit
trans_list: фоторо́бот
sense:
A picture of a person, reconstructed from strips showing facial features selected to match witnesses' descriptions; used by the police to build a likeness of a person sought for a crime.


lexentry: eng/identity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: identity
trans_list: иденти́чность | индивидуа́льность | ли́чность | ли́чные да́нные | тожде́ственность
sense:
The difference or character that marks off an individual or collective from the rest of the same kind; selfhood; the sense of who something or someone or oneself is, or the recurring characteristics that enable the recognition of such an individual or group by others or themselves.


lexentry: eng/identity_element__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identity element
trans_list: то́ждество | тожде́ственность
sense:
(algebra) An element of an algebraic structure which when applied, in either order, to any other element via a binary operation yields the other element.


lexentry: eng/identity_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identity function
trans_list: [[тождественный|тожде́ственное]] [[отображе́ние]]
sense:
(mathematics) A function whose value is always the same as its independent variable, and for which the codomain equals the domain.


lexentry: eng/identity_theft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identity theft
trans_list: похище́ние тождественности
sense:
(law, criminology) The deliberate assumption of another person's identity, usually to gain access to that person's finances or to frame a person for a crime.


lexentry: eng/ideogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ideogram
trans_list: идеогра́мма | идеограмма
sense:
A picture or symbol which represents the idea of something without indicating the sequence of sounds used to pronounce it. Examples include digits, traffic signs, and graphic symbols such as @.


lexentry: eng/ideological__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ideological
trans_list: идеологи́ческий
sense:
Based on an ideology or misleading studies or statistics, especially based on the media or propaganda. Not based on scientific evidence or reality.


lexentry: eng/ideophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ideophone
trans_list: идеофо́н
sense:
A word that utilizes sound symbolism to express aspects of events that can be experienced by the senses, like smell, color, shape, sound, action, or movement.


lexentry: eng/ides__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ides
trans_list: иды
sense:
(historical, often, _, capitalized) The notional full-moon day of a Roman month, occurring on the 15th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 13th day of all other months.


lexentry: eng/idiocy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idiocy
trans_list: идио́тство | идиоти́зм
sense:
(dated, psychology, now, , pejorative) The state or condition of being an idiot; the quality of having an intelligence level far below average; mental retardation; intellectual disability.


lexentry: eng/idiom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idiom
trans_list: идио́ма | идиомати́ческий оборо́т | идиомати́ческое выраже́ние | оборо́т ре́чи | фразеологи́зм
sense:
A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.


lexentry: eng/idiom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: idiom
trans_list: идио́м
sense:
A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context etc.


lexentry: eng/idiom__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: idiom
trans_list: идио́ма | идиомати́ческий оборо́т | идиомати́ческое выраже́ние | фразеологи́зм
sense:
An established phrasal expression whose meaning may not be deducible from the literal meanings of its component words.


lexentry: eng/idiotic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idiotic
trans_list: дура́цкий | идио́тский
sense:
(of a person or animal) Pertaining to or resembling an idiot; characterised with behaviour resembling idiocy.


lexentry: eng/idol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idol
trans_list: божество́ | божо́к | и́дол | истука́н | куми́р | чур
sense:
A graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power.


lexentry: eng/idol__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: idol
trans_list: а́йдол | и́дол
sense:
(Asia, originally, Japan) A popular entertainer, usually young, captivating and attractive, and often female, with an image of being close to fans.


lexentry: eng/idyll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idyll
trans_list: иди́ллия
sense:
Any poem or short written piece composed in the style of Theocritus's short pastoral poems, the Idylls.


lexentry: eng/idyll__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: idyll
trans_list: иди́ллия | идиллия
sense:
An episode or series of events or circumstances of pastoral or rural simplicity, fit for an idyll; a carefree or lighthearted experience.


lexentry: eng/idyll__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: idyll
trans_list: иди́ллия | пастора́ль
sense:
(music) A composition, usually instrumental, of a pastoral or sentimental character, e.g. Siegfried Idyll by Richard Wagner.


lexentry: eng/idée_fixe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idée fixe
trans_list: иде́я фикс | иде́я-фикс | идефи́кс
sense:
(psychology) An idea dominating the mind and maintained despite evidence to the contrary; (loosely), an obsession.


lexentry: eng/if_I_were_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if I were you
trans_list: на ва́шем ме́сте | на твоём ме́сте
sense:
A phrase said to introduce advice, i.e. to express what one would do in the interlocutor's situation.


lexentry: eng/if__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: if
trans_list: е́сли | если
sense:
(computing) In the event that a statement is true (a programming statement that acts in a similar manner).


lexentry: eng/if__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: if
trans_list: ли | если
sense:
(sometimes, _, proscribed) Whether; used to introduce a noun clause, an indirect question, that functions as the direct object of certain verbs.


lexentry: eng/if_and_only_if__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if and only if
trans_list: тогда и только тогда
sense:
(logic, mathematics) Is equivalent to; implies and is implied by; is true and false in the same cases as.


lexentry: eng/if_it_ain't_broke,_don't_fix_it__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if it ain't broke, don't fix it
trans_list: не сломалось — не чини
sense:
Leave something alone; avoid attempting to correct, fix, or improve what is already sufficient (often with an implication that the attempted improvement is risky and might backfire).


lexentry: eng/if_my_aunt_had_balls,_she'd_be_my_uncle__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (colloquial, vulgar, humorous) It is fruitless to speculate about counterfactual situations.
written_rep: if my aunt had balls, she'd be my uncle
trans_list:
е́сли бы да кабы́ во рту́ вы́росли грибы́, то был бы не рот, а це́лый огоро́д | е́сли бы у ба́бушки был хуй, то она́ была́ бы де́душкой


lexentry: eng/if_the_mountain_won't_come_to_Muhammad__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if the mountain won't come to Muhammad
trans_list: е́сли гора́ не идёт к Магоме́ту, то Магоме́т идёт к горе́
sense:
If something one wishes to be done cannot be commanded done, one must find another way to achieve one's goal.


lexentry: eng/if_the_shoe_fits,_wear_it__Proverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: if the shoe fits, wear it
trans_list: на во́ре́ и ша́пка гори́т
sense:
(idiom) If it works, there is not a problem using it. Often a response to being judged when using an incorrect tool.


lexentry: eng/if_you_can't_stand_the_heat,_get_out_of_the_kitchen__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen
trans_list: волко́в боя́ться — в лес не ходи́ть
sense:
If you cannot handle the pressure, you should not remain in a position where you have to deal with it.


lexentry: eng/ifs,_ands,_or_buts__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ifs, ands, or buts
trans_list: если бы да кабы | оговорка
sense:
Modifications, limitations, or addenda; qualifications of any kind; speculations about whether a particular idea or enterprise is good.


lexentry: eng/igneous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: igneous
trans_list: вулкани́ческого происхожде́ния | пироге́нный
sense:
(geology) Resulting from, or produced by, great heat. With rocks, it could also mean formed from lava or magma.


lexentry: eng/igneous_rock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: igneous rock
trans_list: магмати́ческие го́рные поро́ды
sense:
(geology) one of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the cooling of molten rock, either below the surface (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive)


lexentry: eng/ignore__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: To deliberately not listen or pay attention to.
written_rep: ignore
trans_list:
игнори́ровать | не [[принима́ть]] во [[внима́ние]] | не [[приня́ть]] во [[внима́ние]] | пренебре́чь | пренебрега́ть | проигнори́ровать


lexentry: eng/ignosticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ignosticism
trans_list: игностици́зм
sense:
The lack of belief that "creator and designer of the universe" is a coherently defined phrase, thus modern religionists do not believe in any god but only have the illusion that they do, and that modern atheists do not disbelieve in any god, or even lack belief in any god, but only have the illusion that they do.


lexentry: eng/iguana__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: iguana
trans_list: игуана
sense:
Colloquially, in Africa, any large member of the genus Varanus, especially the aquatic Nile monitor (see leguan).


lexentry: eng/ileum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ileum
trans_list: подвздошная кишка́
sense:
(anatomy) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine.


lexentry: eng/ileus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ileus
trans_list: за́ворот кишо́к | кише́чная непроходи́мость
sense:
(medicine, modern usage) Disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the gastrointestinal tract, due to failure of peristalsis.


lexentry: eng/ilk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ilk
trans_list: вид
sense:
A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.


lexentry: eng/ilkhan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ilkhan
trans_list: ильха́н
sense:
(historical) A provincial khan (originally of the Mongol Empire), especially in Iran between the 13th and 14th centuries.


lexentry: eng/ill-advised__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ill-advised
trans_list: безрассудный
sense:
Carried out without the benefit of wise counsel or careful deliberation, or carried out with unwise counsel.


lexentry: eng/illegal__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
sense: (colloquial, offensive) An illegal immigrant.
written_rep: illegal
trans_list:
[[нелега́льный]] [[иммигра́нт]] | [[нелегальный|нелега́льная]] [[иммигра́нтка]] | нелега́л | нелега́лка


lexentry: eng/illegal__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: illegal
trans_list: нелега́л
sense:
(espionage) A spy working abroad illegally and undercover, without visible ties to his or her country’s authorities.


lexentry: eng/illegal_combatant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: illegal combatant
trans_list: незако́нный бое́ц
sense:
A person who engages in combat without meeting the requirements for a lawful belligerent according to the laws of war as specified in the Third Geneva Convention.


lexentry: eng/illegal_immigration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: illegal immigration
trans_list: нелега́льная мигра́ция
sense:
The migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destined country.


lexentry: eng/illegibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: illegibility
trans_list: нечита́емость
sense:
The characteristic or quality of being illegible; the quality of being difficult or impossible to read.


lexentry: eng/illiquidity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: illiquidity
trans_list: неплатёжеспособность
sense:
(economics) The condition of being illiquid; a lack of liquidity; difficulty in selling out an asset


lexentry: eng/illiterate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: illiterate
trans_list: безгра́мотный | неве́жественный | необразо́ванный
sense:
Having less than an expected standard of familiarity with language and literature, or having little formal education.


lexentry: eng/illustrate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: illustrate
trans_list: де́лать иллюстра́ции | иллюстри́ровать | оформля́ть
sense:
To provide a book or other publication with pictures, diagrams or other explanatory or decorative features.


lexentry: eng/illustration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: illustration
trans_list: иллюстра́ция | приме́р
sense:
Something which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.


lexentry: eng/ilmenite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ilmenite
trans_list: ильменит
sense:
(mineral) A weakly magnetic dark gray mineral found in metamorphic and igneous rocks; it is a mixed oxide of iron and titanium, FeTiO3


lexentry: eng/image__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: image
trans_list: изображе́ние | о́браз
sense:
(computing) A file that contains all information needed to produce a live working copy. (See disk image and image copy.)


lexentry: eng/image__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: image
trans_list: и́мидж | о́блик | о́браз
sense:
A characteristic of a person, group or company etc., style, manner of dress, how one is or wishes to be perceived by others.


lexentry: eng/image_processing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: image processing
trans_list: обработка изображений
sense:
Any form of information processing whose input and output are both images, such as photographs or frames of video.


lexentry: eng/imageboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imageboard
trans_list: имиджбо́рд | имиджбо́рда
sense:
(Internet) A type of message board that revolves around the posting of images, with optional associated text, often characterized by the near lack of moderation and by the freedom to discuss any topic.


lexentry: eng/imaginary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: imaginary
trans_list: мни́мый | мнимый
sense:
(mathematics, of a number) Having no real part; that part of a complex number which is a multiple of \sqrt{-1} (called imaginary unit).


lexentry: eng/imaginary_axis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imaginary axis
trans_list: мни́мая ось
sense:
(mathematics) The vertical line in the complex plane, every point on which corresponds to a complex number having zero real component


lexentry: eng/imaginary_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imaginary geometry
trans_list: мни́мая геометрия
sense:
(geometry) Absolute geometry, an axiomatised geometry in which the parallel postulate is absent and not replaced by an alternative, and of which Euclidean geometry and some non-Euclidean geometries are subtypes.


lexentry: eng/imaginary_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imaginary number
trans_list: мни́мое число́
sense:
(complex analysis, strict sense) A number of the form bi, where b is any real number and i denotes the imaginary unit.


lexentry: eng/imaginary_unit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imaginary unit
trans_list: мни́мая едини́ца | мнимая единица
sense:
(number theory, complex analysis, quaternion theory) An imaginary number (in the case of complex numbers, usually denoted i) that is defined as a solution to the equation x^2 = -1.


lexentry: eng/imagination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imagination
trans_list: воображе́ние | воображение
sense:
The image-making power of the mind; the act of mentally creating or reproducing an object not previously perceived; the ability to create such images.


lexentry: eng/imam__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: imam
trans_list: има́м | имам
sense:
(usually capitalized) A Shi'ite Muslim leader descended from the prophet Muhammad and functioning as his spiritual successor.


lexentry: eng/imbecile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imbecile
trans_list: имбеци́л | слабоу́мный
sense:
(obsolete) A person with limited mental capacity who can perform tasks and think only like a young child, in medical circles meaning a person who lacks the capacity to develop beyond the mental age of a normal five- to seven-year-old child.


lexentry: eng/imbue__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: imbue
trans_list: насыща́ть
sense:
In general, to act in a way which results in an object becoming completely permeated or impregnated by some quality.


lexentry: eng/immersion_heater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immersion heater
trans_list: кипяти́льник | кипятильник
sense:
A device for supplying domestic hot water in which a thermostatically-controlled heating element is immersed within a tank of water


lexentry: eng/immigration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immigration
trans_list: иммигра́ция | переселе́ние | иммиграция
sense:
The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country of which one is not native born for the purpose of permanent residence.


lexentry: eng/immobiliser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immobiliser
trans_list: иммобилайзер
sense:
An electronic security device fitted to an automobile that prevents the engine from running unless the correct key (or other token) is present.


lexentry: eng/immoral__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immoral
trans_list: амора́льный | безнра́вственный
sense:
Breaching principles of natural law, rectitude, or justice, and so inconsistent with the demands of virtue, purity, or "good morals"; not right, not moral. (Compare unethical, illegal.)


lexentry: eng/immune_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immune complex
trans_list: имму́нный ко́мплекс
sense:
(biochemistry, immunology) A molecule formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen; an antigen-antibody complex.


lexentry: eng/immune_system__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immune system
trans_list: имму́нная систе́ма
sense:
(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.


lexentry: eng/immunization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immunization
trans_list: иммуниза́ция
sense:
(US, uncountable) The process by which an individual is safely exposed in a controlled manner to a material that is designed to prime their immune system against that material.


lexentry: eng/immunoglobulin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immunoglobulin
trans_list: иммуноглобулин
sense:
(protein, immunology) Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.


lexentry: eng/immunosuppressive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immunosuppressive
trans_list: иммунодепрессант
sense:
(pharmaceutical effect, immunology) Having the capability to suppress the immune system, capable of immunosuppression.


lexentry: eng/immure__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immure
trans_list: заточа́ть | заточи́ть
sense:
(transitive) To cloister, confine, imprison or hole up: to lock someone up or seclude oneself behind walls.


lexentry: eng/immurement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immurement
trans_list: замуро́вывание
sense:
Capital punishment, human sacrifice or life imprisonment by entombing for life or sealing behind walls.


lexentry: eng/imp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imp
trans_list: бесёнок | дьяволёнок | чертёнок | чёртик
sense:
(chiefly, fiction, and, mythology) A small, mischievous sprite or a malevolent supernatural creature, somewhat comparable to a demon but smaller and less powerful, formerly regarded as the child of the devil or a demon (see sense 3.2). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/impact_crater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impact crater
trans_list: и́мпактный кра́тер | уда́рный кра́тер
sense:
(geology, astronomy) A crater formed from a hypervelocity impact, typically of a meteorite, as opposed to one formed by other means such as vulcanism.


lexentry: eng/impaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: impaction
trans_list: включение
sense:
(dentistry) Failure of a tooth to erupt into the dental arch, because of adjacent teeth, dense overlying bone, excessive soft tissue, or other factor.


lexentry: eng/impala__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impala
trans_list: импа́ла | импала
sense:
An African antelope, Aepyceros melampus, noted for its leaping ability; the male has ridged, curved horns.


lexentry: eng/impanel__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impanel
trans_list: [[включа́ть]] в [[спи́сок]] [[присяжный|прися́жных]]
sense:
To enrol (jurors), e.g. from a jury pool; to register (the names of jurors) on a "panel" or official list.


lexentry: eng/impasto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impasto
trans_list: импа́сто
sense:
(painting) The use of a thick-bodied paint to create peaks and crests that physically extend from the surface of a painting.


lexentry: eng/impatience__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impatience
trans_list: нетерпе́ние | нетерпение
sense:
The quality of being impatient; lacking patience; restlessness and intolerance of delays; anxiety and eagerness, especially to begin something.


lexentry: eng/impeachment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impeachment
trans_list: импи́чмент
sense:
(countable, law, chiefly, US) The act of impeaching or charging a public official with misconduct, especially if serious, often with the aim of having the official dismissed from office.


lexentry: eng/impedance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impedance
trans_list: импеда́нс | импеданс
sense:
(physics) A measure of the opposition to the flow of an alternating current in a circuit; the aggregation of its resistance, and inductive and capacitive reactances; the ratio of voltage to current treated as complex quantities.


lexentry: eng/imperative_mood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperative mood
trans_list: императи́в | повели́тельное наклоне́ние
sense:
(grammar) The grammatical mood generally expressing a command, though also used to express a request or permission.


lexentry: eng/imperfection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperfection
trans_list: несоверше́нство
sense:
(uncountable) Those qualities or features that are imperfect; the characteristic, state, or quality of being imperfect.


lexentry: eng/imperfective_aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperfective aspect
trans_list: несоверше́нный вид
sense:
(grammar) A feature of a verb which denotes that its action or condition does not have a fixed temporal boundary, but is habitual, unfinished, continuous, repetitive or in progress.


lexentry: eng/imperialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperialism
trans_list: империали́зм | империализм
sense:
The policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.


lexentry: eng/impersonal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: impersonal
trans_list: безли́чный | безличный
sense:
(grammar, of a verb or other word) Not having a subject, or having a third person pronoun without an antecedent.


lexentry: eng/impersonal_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impersonal verb
trans_list: безли́чный глаго́л
sense:
(linguistics) A verb used only in the infinitive or in the third person. In the third person, the subject is either implied or a dummy.


lexentry: eng/impetigo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impetigo
trans_list: импети́го | парша́ | стрептодерми́я
sense:
(pathology) A contagious bacterial skin disease forming pustules and yellow crusty sores, chiefly on the face and hands. It is common in children and infection is often through cuts or insect bites.


lexentry: eng/implant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: implant
trans_list: импланта́т
sense:
(medicine) Anything surgically implanted in the body, such as a tissue graft or prosthesis, particularly breast implants.


lexentry: eng/implementation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: implementation
trans_list: [[воплоще́ние]] в [[реа́льность]] | внедре́ние | имплемента́ция | осуществле́ние | реализа́ция
sense:
The process of moving an idea from concept to reality. In business, engineering and other fields, implementation refers to the building process rather than the design process.


lexentry: eng/implication__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: implication
trans_list: намёк
sense:
(countable, uncountable) An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words.


lexentry: eng/implicit_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: implicit function
trans_list: нея́вная фу́нкция
sense:
(analysis, algebraic geometry) A function defined by a (multivariable) implicit equation when one of the variables is regarded as the value of the function, especially where said equation is such that the value is not directly calculable from the other variables.


lexentry: eng/impluvium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impluvium
trans_list: имплювий
sense:
(architecture) A low basin in the center of a household atrium, into which rainwater flowed down from the roof through the compluvium.


lexentry: eng/imply__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: imply
trans_list: намека́ть | намекну́ть
sense:
(transitive, of a person or proposition) to hint; to insinuate; to suggest tacitly and avoid a direct statement


lexentry: eng/impostor_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impostor syndrome
trans_list: синдром самозванца
sense:
(psychology) A psychological phenomenon in which a person is unable to internalize his or her accomplishments, remaining convinced that he or she does not deserve any accompanying success.


lexentry: eng/imposture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imposture
trans_list: надувательство
sense:
The act or conduct of an impostor; deception practiced under a false or assumed character; fraud or imposition


lexentry: eng/impotent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: impotent
trans_list: импоте́нтный | страда́ющий импотенцией
sense:
incapable of sexual intercourse, often because of an inability to achieve or sustain an erection, having impotentia coeundi


lexentry: eng/imprecation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imprecation
trans_list: прокля́тие
sense:
The act of imprecating, or invoking evil upon someone; a prayer that a curse or calamity may befall someone.


lexentry: eng/impregnable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impregnable
trans_list: непристу́пный
sense:
(military) Of a fortress or other fortified place: able to withstand all attacks; impenetrable, inconquerable, unvanquishable.


lexentry: eng/impregnate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (transitive) To cause to become pregnant.
written_rep: impregnate
trans_list:
[[де́лать]] [[беременная|бере́менной]] | [[сде́лать]] [[беременная|бере́менной]] | насы́тить | насыща́ть | оплодотвори́ть | оплодотворя́ть


lexentry: eng/impregnation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impregnation
trans_list: насыще́ние | пропи́тывание
sense:
The fact or process of imbuing or saturating with something; diffusion of some element, idea etc. through a medium or substance.


lexentry: eng/impressionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impressionism
trans_list: импрессиони́зм | импрессионизм
sense:
(arts) An art movement characterized by visible brushstrokes, ordinary subject matter, and an emphasis on light and its changing qualities.


lexentry: eng/impressionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impressionism
trans_list: импрессионизм
sense:
(music genre) A style that avoided traditional harmony, and sought to invoke the impressions of the composer.


lexentry: eng/impressionistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: impressionistic
trans_list: неполный | разрозненный | субъективный
sense:
Based on impression rather than reason or fact; based on trying to impress somebody rather than trying for accuracy.


lexentry: eng/imprison__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (transitive) To put in or as if in prison; confine somebody against their will.
written_rep: imprison
trans_list:
[[заключа́ть]] в [[тюрьма|тюрьму́]] | [[лиша́ть]] [[свобода|свобо́ды]] | [[сажа́ть]] в [[тюрьма|тюрьму́]]


lexentry: eng/impromptu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impromptu
trans_list: импровиза́ция | экспро́мт
sense:
(music) A short musical composition for an informal occasion often with the character of improvisation and usually to be played solo.


lexentry: eng/improvement__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: improvement
trans_list: исправле́ние | улучше́ние | усоверше́нствование | совершенствование
sense:
The act of making profitable use or application of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; practical application, for example of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse.


lexentry: eng/improvise__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: improvise
trans_list: импровизи́ровать | сымпровизи́ровать
sense:
To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.


lexentry: eng/improvised_explosive_device__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: improvised explosive device
trans_list: самоде́льное взрывно́е устро́йство
sense:
An unconventional or amateur explosive weapon made from nonmilitary components, especially one used by guerillas, commandos or terrorists.


lexentry: eng/imprudence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imprudence
trans_list: неосторожность
sense:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being imprudent; lack of prudence, caution, discretion or circumspection.


lexentry: eng/impugn__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impugn
trans_list: оспаривать
sense:
(transitive) To verbally assault, especially to argue against an opinion, motive, or action; to question the truth or validity of.


lexentry: eng/impulsive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impulsive
trans_list: импульси́вный
sense:
Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings; inclined to make rapid decisions without due consideration.


lexentry: eng/impunity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impunity
trans_list: [[освобожде́ние]] от [[наказание|наказа́ния]] | безнака́занность | ненаказу́емость
sense:
(uncountable) Freedom from punishment or retribution; security from any reprisal or injurious consequences of an action, behaviour etc.


lexentry: eng/impurity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impurity
trans_list: нечистота́
sense:
The condition of being impure; because of contamination, pollution, adulteration or insufficient purification.


lexentry: eng/imputation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: imputation
trans_list: вмене́ние в вину́ | обвине́ние
sense:
(theology) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another.


lexentry: eng/in-law__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: in-law
trans_list: сва́тья | сват
sense:
Sometimes specifically a parent-in-law of one's child, for which the dedicated terms co-mother-in-law, co-father-in-law are rare.


lexentry: eng/in_a_word__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in a word
trans_list: одни́м сло́вом
sense:
(abbreviative action or effect): In summarization: briefly, concisely, summarily, in short; to sum up


lexentry: eng/in_black_and_white__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in black and white
trans_list: чёрным по белому
sense:
(idiomatic) Explicitly, in writing, clearly and without doubt or misunderstanding, without any grey areas.


lexentry: eng/in_cold_blood__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in cold blood
trans_list: хладнокро́вно
sense:
(idiomatic) In a ruthless and unfeeling manner, particularly as applied to first-degree murder committed without provocation and with malice aforethought.


lexentry: eng/in_for_a_penny,_in_for_a_pound__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in for a penny, in for a pound
trans_list: взя́лся за гуж — не говори́, что не дюж
sense:
Having started something, one must see it through to its end, rather than stopping short; one must “go the whole hog”.


lexentry: eng/in_living_memory__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in living memory
trans_list: на [[память|па́мяти]] [[нынешнее|ны́нешнего]] [[поколение|поколе́ния]]
sense:
(idiomatic) In recent history, in recorded history amongst the lifespan of extant people; events or situations which can be remembered by people that are still alive.


lexentry: eng/in_my_humble_opinion__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in my humble opinion
trans_list: на мой взгляд
sense:
Used to introduce or qualify a statement, as expressing one's own view, not one backed by external authority or to be accepted without question


lexentry: eng/in_other_words__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in other words
trans_list: други́ми слова́ми | ина́че говоря́ | ины́ми слова́ми
sense:
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Stated or interpreted another way; Used to introduce an explanation, simplification, or clarification.


lexentry: eng/in_someone's_pocket__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in someone's pocket
trans_list: в карма́не | в рука́х
sense:
(idiomatic, pejorative) Receiving money from, and under the influence of, a person or group of people, with the expectation that a favour or advantage will be proffered in return.


lexentry: eng/in_terms_of__Preposition__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: in terms of
trans_list: в отноше́нии | в пла́не | насчёт | с то́чки зре́ния
sense:
(by extension) in relation to a particular aspect; with respect to; as regards; concerning; regarding.


lexentry: eng/in_the_act__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in the act
trans_list: на ме́сте преступле́ния | с поли́чным
sense:
(idiomatic) In the process of doing something considered criminal or otherwise wrong; used to emphasize the eye-witness evidence.


lexentry: eng/in_the_doghouse__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in the doghouse
trans_list: в заго́не | в неми́лости | в опа́ле
sense:
(informal) In a situation of being the object of someone's anger or disapproval, especially one's spouse.


lexentry: eng/in_the_land_of_the_blind,_the_one-eyed_man_is_king__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king
trans_list: в стране слепых одноглазый — коро́ль
sense:
Even someone with limited abilities or opportunities is dominant over, and considered special by, those who have even fewer abilities and opportunities; the value of any ability depends on its prevalence.


lexentry: eng/in_the_line_of_duty__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in the line of duty
trans_list: при [[исполнение|исполне́нии]] [[служебный|служе́бных]] [[обязанность|обя́занностей]]
sense:
(idiomatic) As part of or while performing official duties, usually of the military or police personnel, or of government officials.


lexentry: eng/in_the_middle_of__Preposition__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: in the middle of
trans_list: при этом
sense:
(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with, often with something unpleasant.


lexentry: eng/in_the_offing__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: in the offing
trans_list: в ближа́йшем бу́дущем | не за гора́ми
sense:
(idiomatic) Soon to come; likely to happen; in the foreseeable future; projected to occur; on the horizon; in the wind.


lexentry: eng/in_turn__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: in turn
trans_list: в свою́ о́чередь | та́кже | то́же
sense:
Having a relationship sequentially comparable to one just mentioned; accordingly or similarly, with respect to sequence, precedence, or hierarchy.


lexentry: eng/in_vitro_fertilization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in vitro fertilization
trans_list: экстракорпора́льное оплодотворе́ние
sense:
(medicine) The fertilization of an egg by sperm outside of a woman's body; normally used as a treatment for infertility.


lexentry: eng/inanimacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inanimacy
trans_list: неодушевлённость
sense:
(linguistics) In some languages, opposite of animacy, which affects grammatical features (it can modify verbs used with the noun, affect the noun's declension, etc.).


lexentry: eng/inanition__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inanition
trans_list: истоще́ние
sense:
(medicine) A state of advanced lack of adequate nutrition, food, or water or a physiological inability to utilize them, with resulting weakness.


lexentry: eng/inanition__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inanition
trans_list: пустота́
sense:
(philosophy) A spiritual emptiness or lack of purpose or will to live, akin to nausea in existentialist philosophy.


lexentry: eng/inauguration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inauguration
trans_list: вступле́ние в до́лжность | инаугура́ция
sense:
The act of inaugurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies.


lexentry: eng/inbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inbox
trans_list: почто́вый я́щик
sense:
(computing) An electronic folder serving the same purpose, but for electronic files, especially email.


lexentry: eng/inbreeding__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inbreeding
trans_list: [[межродственный|межро́дственное]] [[скре́щивание]] | инбри́динг | инцу́хт
sense:
(biology) Breeding between members of a relatively small population, especially one in which most members are related.


lexentry: eng/incantation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incantation
trans_list: чароде́йство
sense:
The act or process of using formulas and/or usually rhyming words, sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or creating other magical results.


lexentry: eng/incarnate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incarnate
trans_list: во плоти́ | воплощённый
sense:
(traditionally postpositive, now frequently prepositive) Embodied in flesh; given a bodily, especially a human, form; personified.


lexentry: eng/incel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incel
trans_list: инце́л | инце́лка
sense:
A member of an online subculture of people (mostly men) who define themselves as unable to find a romantic or sexual partner despite desiring one.


lexentry: eng/incest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incest
trans_list: инце́ст | кровосмеше́ние | инцест
sense:
Sexual relations between close relatives, especially immediate family members and sometimes first cousins, usually considered taboo; in many jurisdictions, close relatives are not allowed to marry, and incest is a crime.


lexentry: eng/incidence__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: incidence
trans_list: паде́ние
sense:
(epidemiology) A measure of the rate of new occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.


lexentry: eng/incident__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: incident
trans_list: инциде́нт | происше́ствие | слу́чай
sense:
An event that causes or may cause an interruption or a crisis, such as a workplace illness or a software error.


lexentry: eng/incision__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incision
trans_list: зару́бка | надре́з | разреза́ние
sense:
A cut, especially one made by a scalpel or similar medical tool in the context of surgical operation; the scar resulting from such a cut.


lexentry: eng/incisor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incisor
trans_list: резе́ц | резец
sense:
(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


lexentry: eng/incline__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incline
trans_list: наклони́ть | наклоня́ть
sense:
(transitive) To bend or move (something) out of a given plane or direction, often the horizontal or vertical.


lexentry: eng/inclined_plane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inclined plane
trans_list: наклонная плоскость
sense:
(mechanics) One of the simple machines; a sloping surface such as a ramp such that an object can be raised with less effort than being lifted vertically.


lexentry: eng/inclusive_or__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inclusive or
trans_list: включа́ющее и́ли
sense:
(logic, computing) A logical connective joining two or more predicates that yields the logical value "true" when at least one of the predicates is true.


lexentry: eng/incoherence__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: incoherence
trans_list: бессвя́зность | инкогере́нтность | инкогере́нция
sense:
(psychiatry) Thinking or speech that is so disorganized that it is essentially inapprehensible to others.


lexentry: eng/incompatible__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incompatible
trans_list: несовмести́мый
sense:
Of two things: that cannot coexist; not congruous because of differences; unable to function together due to dissimilarities.


lexentry: eng/incomplete_sentence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incomplete sentence
trans_list: непо́лное предложе́ние
sense:
(grammar) A group of words that appear to convey only part of a complete thought, lacking some component which is grammatically necessary to complete the thought.


lexentry: eng/inconsistent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Not consistent or coherent in thought or behavior.
written_rep: inconsistent
trans_list:
изме́нчивый | непосле́довательный | непостоя́нный | неусто́йчивый | противоречи́вый | рассогласованный


lexentry: eng/inconsolable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inconsolable
trans_list: безуте́шный | неуте́шный
sense:
Not consolable; unable to be consoled or comforted, usually due to grief, disappointment, or other distress.


lexentry: eng/inconspicuously__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inconspicuously
trans_list: незаметно
sense:
In an inconspicuous manner; so as not to attract attention or appear unusual or out of the ordinary.


lexentry: eng/incontinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: incontinence
trans_list: инконтине́нция | недержа́ние | несде́ржанность
sense:
(urology) The inability of any of the physical organs to restrain discharges of their contents; involuntary discharge or evacuation (of urine or feces).


lexentry: eng/incontinent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: incontinent
trans_list: несдержанный
sense:
Plagued by incontinence; unable to retain natural discharges or evacuations, most commonly of urine or feces.


lexentry: eng/incorporate__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: incorporate
trans_list: включа́ть | включи́ть | инкорпори́ровать
sense:
(US, legal) To include (another clause or guarantee of the US constitution) as a part (of the Fourteenth Amendment, such that the clause binds not only the federal government but also state governments).


lexentry: eng/incredibly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: incredibly
trans_list: невероя́тно
sense:
Used to note the surprising or hard-to-believe nature of what is being said and suggest that it is nevertheless true.


lexentry: eng/incredulity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incredulity
trans_list: недове́рие | недове́рчивость
sense:
Unwillingness or inability to believe; doubt about the truth or verisimilitude of something; disbelief.


lexentry: eng/increment__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: increment
trans_list: прираще́ние
sense:
(grammar) A syllable in excess of the number of the nominative singular or the second-person singular present indicative.


lexentry: eng/incubation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incubation
trans_list: выси́живание | инкуба́ция
sense:
Sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young; a brooding on, or keeping warm, to develop the life within, by any process.


lexentry: eng/incubation_period__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incubation period
trans_list: инкубацио́нный пери́од
sense:
(epidemiology) The time elapsed between an exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical or radiation, and the appearance of signs and symptoms.


lexentry: eng/incubus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incubus
trans_list: де́мон | злой [[ге́ний]] | злой дух | инку́б
sense:
(medieval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep.


lexentry: eng/incumbent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incumbent
trans_list: де́йствующий
sense:
(zoology) Of a body part such as a hair, spine, or wing: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; specifically (ornithology) , of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support.


lexentry: eng/incumbent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: incumbent
trans_list: де́йствующий
sense:
Being the current holder of an office or a title; specifically (Christianity, obsolete) , of an ecclesiastical benefice.


lexentry: eng/incumbent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: incumbent
trans_list: возло́женный
sense:
Followed by on or upon: imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one's office or position.


lexentry: eng/incumbent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incumbent
trans_list: [[занима́ющий]] [[до́лжность]] | [[занима́ющий]] пост
sense:
The current holder of an office or title; (specifically, Christianity) the holder of an ecclesiastical benefice.


lexentry: eng/incumbent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: incumbent
trans_list: [[устоя́вшийся]] [[игро́к]]
sense:
(business) A holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits.


lexentry: eng/incur__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incur
trans_list: подверга́ть | подвергну́ть
sense:
(transitive) to bring upon oneself or expose oneself to, especially something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to become liable or subject to


lexentry: eng/indecent_exposure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indecent exposure
trans_list: эксгибиционизм
sense:
(legal) The crime of intentionally exposing one's own private parts in public; in some cases also including the act of public urination and defecation.


lexentry: eng/indefinite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: indefinite
trans_list: неопределённый | нея́сный
sense:
(linguistics) Designating an unspecified or unidentified person or thing or group of persons or things


lexentry: eng/indefinite_article__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indefinite article
trans_list: неопределённый арти́кль | неопределённый артикль
sense:
(grammar) A word preceding a noun to indicate that the noun refers to any member of the class of objects named by the noun.


lexentry: eng/indemnity__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
sense: (legal) The right of an injured party to shift the loss onto the party responsible for the loss.
written_rep: indemnity
trans_list:
[[гара́нтия]] от [[потеря|поте́рь]] | [[гара́нтия]] от [[убыток|убы́тков]] | индемните́т | освобожде́ние


lexentry: eng/indemnity__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: indemnity
trans_list: индемните́т
sense:
(insurance) A principle of insurance which provides that when a loss occurs, the insured should be restored to the approximate financial condition occupied before the loss occurred, no better, no worse.


lexentry: eng/indent__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: indent
trans_list: впрыгнуть
sense:
(typography) To begin (a line or lines) at a greater or lesser distance from the margin. See indentation, and indention. Normal indent pushes in a line or paragraph. "Hanging indent" pulls the line out into the margin.


lexentry: eng/indentation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: indentation
trans_list: абза́ц | о́тступ
sense:
(typography) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.


lexentry: eng/indenture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indenture
trans_list: кабала
sense:
(legal) A contract which binds a person to work for another, under specified conditions, for a specified time (often as an apprentice).


lexentry: eng/independence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: independence
trans_list: незави́симость | самостоя́тельность | независимость
sense:
The quality or state of being independent; lack of dependence; the state of not being reliant on, or controlled by, others.


lexentry: eng/independence_day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: independence day
trans_list: день незави́симости
sense:
An annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood.


lexentry: eng/index__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: index
trans_list: и́ндекс
sense:
(computing, especially, programming, and, databases) An integer or other key indicating the location of data, e.g. within an array, vector, database table, associative array, or hash table.


lexentry: eng/index__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: index
trans_list: индекси́ровать
sense:
(chiefly, economics) To normalise in order to account for inflation; to correct for inflation by linking to a price index in order to maintain real levels.


lexentry: eng/index_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: index case
trans_list: нулевой пациент
sense:
(epidemiology) The first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population or the first case of interest in an epidemiological investigation; the case of patient zero.


lexentry: eng/indicator__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: indicator
trans_list: индика́тор
sense:
(chemistry) Any of many substances, such as litmus, used to indicate the concentration of a substance, or the degree of a reaction.


lexentry: eng/indicator__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: indicator
trans_list: индика́тор | поворо́тник | указа́тель
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland , automotive ) A turn signal; each of the flashing lights on each side of a vehicle which indicate a turn is being made to left or right, or a lane change etc.


lexentry: eng/indict__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: indict
trans_list: обвини́ть | обвиня́ть | осуди́ть | осужда́ть
sense:
(legal) To make a formal accusation or indictment for a crime against (a party) by the findings of a jury, especially a grand jury.


lexentry: eng/indictable_offence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indictable offence
trans_list: преступление
sense:
(legal, British, Canadian, Australian, Hong Kong) An offence which can only be tried on an indictment after a preliminary hearing to determine whether there is a prima facie case to answer or by a grand jury, in contrast to a summary offence.


lexentry: eng/indiction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indiction
trans_list: инди́кт | индиктио́н
sense:
(historical) A fiscal period of fifteen years, instituted by Constantine in 313 C.E. (but counting from 1st September 312), used throughout the Middle Ages as a way of dating events, documents etc.


lexentry: eng/indigenous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indigenous
trans_list: абориге́нный | автохто́нный | коренно́й | ме́стный | тузе́мный
sense:
In particular, of or relating to a people (or their language or culture) that inhabited a region prior to the arrival of people of other cultures which became dominant (e.g., through colonialism), and which maintains a distinct culture.


lexentry: eng/indigestion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indigestion
trans_list: диспепси́я | несваре́ние желу́дка
sense:
A condition of heartburn, nausea, or other stomach-related pain, sometimes caused by eating too quickly.


lexentry: eng/indigo__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: indigo
trans_list: инди́го | индиго
sense:
An indigo-colored dye obtained from certain plants (the indigo plant or woad), or a similar synthetic dye.


lexentry: eng/indirect_free_kick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indirect free kick
trans_list: свобо́дный уда́р
sense:
(soccer) a free kick from which a goal may be scored only after the ball has been played by at least one other player


lexentry: eng/indirect_object__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indirect object
trans_list: ко́свенное дополне́ние
sense:
(grammar) A grammatical role of a ditransitive verb that manifests a secondary or passive participant in an action, often a recipient or goal.


lexentry: eng/indispensable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indispensable
trans_list: незамени́мый | необходи́мый
sense:
(ecclesiastical, obsolete) Not admitting ecclesiastical dispensation; not subject to release or exemption; that cannot be allowed by bending the canonical rules. [16th–17th c.]


lexentry: eng/indistinguishable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indistinguishable
trans_list: неразличи́мый
sense:
Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct


lexentry: eng/individual__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: individual
trans_list: физи́ческое лицо́
sense:
(legal) A single physical human being as a legal subject, as opposed to a legal person such as a corporation.


lexentry: eng/individualism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: individualism
trans_list: индивидуали́зм | индивидуализм
sense:
The tendency for a person to act without reference to others, particularly in matters of style, fashion or mode of thought.


lexentry: eng/individualism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: individualism
trans_list: индивидуали́зм | индивидуализм
sense:
The moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that promotes independence and self-reliance of individual people, while opposing the interference with each person's choices by society, the state, or any other group or institution.


lexentry: eng/individuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: individuality
trans_list: индивидуа́льность | индивидуальность
sense:
(uncountable) The characteristics that contribute to the differentiation or distinction of someone or something from a group of otherwise comparable identity.


lexentry: eng/indole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indole
trans_list: индо́л
sense:
(organic compound) An organic compound, C8H7N, found in coal tar, and produced in the gut by the bacterial decomposition of tryptophan; it is an aromatic bicyclic heterocycle having a benzene ring fused with a pyrrole ring; indole and its derivatives occur widely in nature and have many industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/indometacin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indometacin
trans_list: индометаци́н
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A compound with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties, used chiefly to treat rheumatoid arthritis and gout.


lexentry: eng/induction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: induction
trans_list: инду́кция
sense:
(embryology) Given a group of cells that emits or displays a substance, the influence of this substance on the fate of a second group of cells


lexentry: eng/inductive_reasoning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inductive reasoning
trans_list: индукция
sense:
The process of making inferences based upon observed patterns, or simple repetition. Often used in reference to predictions about what will happen or does happen, based upon what has happened.


lexentry: eng/indulgence__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: indulgence
trans_list: [[отпуще́ние]] [[грех|грехо́в]] | индульге́нция
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) A pardon or release from the expectation of punishment in purgatory, after the sinner has been granted absolution.


lexentry: eng/indulgent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indulgent
trans_list: потака́ющий | снисходи́тельный
sense:
Disposed or prone to indulge, humor, gratify, or yield to one's own or another's desires, etc., or to be compliant, lenient, or forbearing;


lexentry: eng/industrial_design__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrial design
trans_list: промы́шленный диза́йн
sense:
A process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production.


lexentry: eng/industrial_design_right__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrial design right
trans_list: промы́шленный образе́ц
sense:
(law) an intellectual property right that protects the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian


lexentry: eng/industrial_property__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrial property
trans_list: промышленная со́бственность
sense:
(legal) Intellectual property as used in commerce and industry, particularly patents and trademarks, as distinguished in some European legal systems from intellectual property as used in the arts.


lexentry: eng/industrial_strength__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrial strength
trans_list: индустрия
sense:
Made for use by businesses or manufacturers, as opposed to home consumers, and therefore typically larger, stronger, more difficult to operate, and less attractive in appearance.


lexentry: eng/industrialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrialism
trans_list: индустриали́зм
sense:
The socio-economic system based upon the industrial production of manufactured goods, rather than on agriculture.


lexentry: eng/industrialization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrialization
trans_list: индустриализа́ция
sense:
A process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a preindustrial to an industrial state.


lexentry: eng/inequality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inequality
trans_list: нера́венство
sense:
(mathematics) A statement that of two quantities one is specifically less than (or greater than) another. Symbol: < or \leq or > or \geq or \ne, as appropriate.


lexentry: eng/inertial_frame_of_reference__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inertial frame of reference
trans_list: инерциа́льная систе́ма отсчёта
sense:
(physics) A frame of reference that is stationary relative to a body moving at constant velocity and on which no force is being exerted.


lexentry: eng/inessive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inessive
trans_list: инесси́вный
sense:
(grammar) Of or relating to the grammatical case that in some languages indicates the state of being in or inside a location.


lexentry: eng/inexpedient__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inexpedient
trans_list: нецелесообра́зный
sense:
Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to the end desired; unsuitable to time and place


lexentry: eng/infamous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: infamous
trans_list: бессла́вный | печа́льно знамени́тый | печа́льно изве́стный | позо́рный
sense:
(UK, historical) Subject to a judicial punishment that deprived the infamous person of certain rights; this included a prohibition against holding public office, exercising the franchise, receiving a public pension, serving on a jury, or giving testimony in a court of law.


lexentry: eng/infant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infant
trans_list: дитя́ | младе́нец | новорождённый | ребёнок
sense:
A very young human being, from birth to somewhere between six months and two years of age after birth, needing almost constant care and attention.


lexentry: eng/infant_mortality_rate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infant mortality rate
trans_list: коэффицие́нт де́тской сме́ртности | коэффицие́нт младе́нческой сме́ртности
sense:
(geography) The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society.


lexentry: eng/infanticide__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: infanticide
trans_list: детоуби́йство | детоубийство
sense:
(law, Canada) The criminal offence of killing of a newborn, committed by its mother while psychologically disturbed by the effects of childbirth or lactation, not regarded as murder.


lexentry: eng/infantry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infantry
trans_list: пехо́та | пехотинец | пехота
sense:
Soldiers who fight on foot (on land), as opposed to cavalry and other mounted units, regardless of external transport (e.g. airborne).


lexentry: eng/infantry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infantry
trans_list: пехо́та | пехота
sense:
(uncountable) The part of an army consisting of infantry soldiers, especially opposed to mounted and technical troops.


lexentry: eng/infantry_fighting_vehicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infantry fighting vehicle
trans_list: БМП | боева́я маши́на пехо́ты
sense:
(military) An armoured combat vehicle designed to carry infantry soldiers and provide fire support for them.


lexentry: eng/infect__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infect
trans_list: заража́ть | зарази́ть | инфици́ровать
sense:
(transitive) To bring (the body or part of it) into contact with a substance that causes illness (a pathogen), so that the pathogen begins to act on the body; (of a pathogen) to come into contact with (a body or body part) and begin to act on it.


lexentry: eng/infect__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: infect
trans_list: заража́ть | зарази́ть
sense:
(transitive) To make somebody enthusiastic about one's own passion, or to communicate a feeling to others, or a feeling communicating itself to others.


lexentry: eng/infectious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infectious
trans_list: зара́зный | инфекцио́нный
sense:
(pathology, of an illness) Caused by an agent that enters the host's body (such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion); often, also, transmitted among hosts via any of various routes (for example, contact, droplet-borne, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, fomite-borne, or bloodborne).


lexentry: eng/infectious_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infectious disease
trans_list: инфекционное заболевание
sense:
(medicine) An illness caused by a specific infectious agent (bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoa, prion etc.), that results from transmission of that agent from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host.


lexentry: eng/infer__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infer
trans_list: вывести | заключить | сделать вывод | сделать заключение
sense:
(transitive) To introduce (something) as a reasoned conclusion; to conclude by reasoning or deduction, as from premises or evidence. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/inference__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inference
trans_list: вы́вод | заключе́ние
sense:
(countable) That which is inferred; a truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion; a deduction.


lexentry: eng/infestation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infestation
trans_list: инфеста́ция
sense:
The presence of a large number of pest organisms in an area or field, on the surface of a host or anything that might contact a host, or in the soil.


lexentry: eng/infidelity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infidelity
trans_list: неве́рность
sense:
Unfaithfulness in a marriage or an intimate (sexual or romantic) relationship: practice or instance of having a sexual or romantic affair with someone other than one's spouse, without the consent of the spouse.


lexentry: eng/infinite_series__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infinite series
trans_list: бесконе́чный ряд
sense:
(analysis) Any expression that represents the addition a countably infinite number of ordered summands, often explicitly indexed by the positive or nonnegative integers.


lexentry: eng/infinitesimal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infinitesimal
trans_list: бесконе́чно малая величина́
sense:
(mathematics) A non-zero quantity whose magnitude is smaller than any positive number (by definition it is not a real number).


lexentry: eng/infinitive__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infinitive
trans_list: инфинити́в | неопределённая фо́рма | инфинитив
sense:
(grammar) A non-finite verb form considered neutral with respect to inflection; depending on language variously found used with auxiliary verbs, in subordinate clauses, or acting as a gerund, and often as the dictionary form.


lexentry: eng/infinity__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: infinity
trans_list: бесконе́чность
sense:
(uncountable) A number which is very large compared to some characteristic number. For example, in optics, an object which is much further away than the focal length of a lens is said to be "at infinity", as the distance of the image from the lens varies very little as the distance increases further.


lexentry: eng/infix__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: infix
trans_list: и́нфикс | инфикс
sense:
(linguistics, proscribed) A morpheme that always appears between other morphemes in a word, such as -i- and -o- in English (i.e. an interfix).


lexentry: eng/inflame__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inflame
trans_list: возбуждать
sense:
(transitive) To provoke (a person) to anger or rage; to exasperate; to irritate; to incense; to enrage.


lexentry: eng/inflammation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inflammation
trans_list: воспале́ние | воспаление
sense:
(pathology) A condition of any part of the body, consisting of congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.


lexentry: eng/inflation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: inflation
trans_list: расшире́ние
sense:
(cosmology) An extremely rapid expansion of the universe, theorized to have occurred very shortly after the Big Bang.


lexentry: eng/inflection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inflection
trans_list: измене́ние фо́рмы сло́ва | оконча́ние | словоизмене́ние | фле́ксия
sense:
(grammar, uncountable) Change in the form of a word (morphologic change) to express different grammatical categories.


lexentry: eng/inflorescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inflorescence
trans_list: соцве́тие | соцветие
sense:
(botany) Flower cluster; a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.


lexentry: eng/influence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: influence
trans_list: влия́ние | влия́тельность | возде́йствие
sense:
The power to affect, control or manipulate something or someone; the ability to change the development of fluctuating things such as conduct, thoughts or decisions.


lexentry: eng/influence__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: influence
trans_list: влия́ть | возде́йствовать | де́йствовать | повлия́ть
sense:
(transitive) To have an effect on by using gentle or subtle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to persuade or induce.


lexentry: eng/influencer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: influencer
trans_list: инфлюэ́нсер
sense:
(social media, marketing) A person who is able to influence consumption, lifestyle, and/or political preferences of their online audience by creating and/or engaging social media content, often as a part of a marketing campaign.


lexentry: eng/influenza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: influenza
trans_list: грипп | инфлюэ́нца
sense:
(disease) An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics.


lexentry: eng/inform__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inform
trans_list: извести́ть | извеща́ть | информи́ровать | оповести́ть | оповеща́ть | проинформи́ровать
sense:
(transitive) To give form or character to; to inspire (with a given quality); to affect, influence (with a pervading principle, idea etc.).


lexentry: eng/informatics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: informatics
trans_list: информа́тика
sense:
(computing) A branch of information science and of computer science that focuses on the study of information processing, particularly with respect to systems integration and human interactions with machine and data.


lexentry: eng/information__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: information
trans_list: да́нные | инфа́ | информа́ция | све́дение
sense:
Things that are or can be known about a given topic; communicable knowledge of something. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/information_overload__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information overload
trans_list: информацио́нная перегру́зка
sense:
The inability to process everything one hears and sees; the availability or supply of too much information, or a state of stress which results.


lexentry: eng/information_retrieval__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information retrieval
trans_list: информацио́нный по́иск
sense:
(information science) The science of searching for information in documents, searching for documents themselves, searching for metadata which describe documents, or searching within databases, whether relational stand-alone databases or hypertextually-networked databases such as the World Wide Web.


lexentry: eng/information_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information science
trans_list: информацио́нная нау́ка
sense:
(applied science) A broad and interdisciplinary science that deals with the gathering, classification, storage, manipulation, retrieval and analysis of information as an organized resource.


lexentry: eng/information_society__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information society
trans_list: информацио́нное о́бщество
sense:
(sociology) A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity.


lexentry: eng/information_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information theory
trans_list: тео́рия информа́ции
sense:
(mathematics) A branch of applied mathematics and engineering involving the quantification of information sent over a communication channel, disregarding the meaning of the sent messages, exemplified by the noisy-channel coding theorem.


lexentry: eng/information_warfare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information warfare
trans_list: информацио́нная война́
sense:
The use and management of information in pursuit of an advantage over an opponent, such as propaganda, disinformation, and gathering assurances that one's own information is accurate.


lexentry: eng/infotainment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infotainment
trans_list: инфотейнмент
sense:
A form of programming (cinematic, television, live action, etc.) that provides both information and entertainment; also known as soft news, the information in infotainment programming consists of mostly celebrity news and human drama. [from 1982]


lexentry: eng/infrared__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infrared
trans_list: инфракра́сное излуче́ние
sense:
(uncountable) The electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm.


lexentry: eng/infrastructure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infrastructure
trans_list: инфраструкту́ра | инфраструктура
sense:
(systems theory) An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. [from 1887]


lexentry: eng/infrastructure__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infrastructure
trans_list: инфраструкту́ра | инфраструктура
sense:
The basic facilities, services and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society.


lexentry: eng/infuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infuse
trans_list: зава́ривать | завари́ть | наста́ивать | настоя́ть
sense:
(transitive) To steep in a liquid, so as to extract the soluble constituents (usually medicinal or herbal).


lexentry: eng/infusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infusion
trans_list: зава́рка | насто́й
sense:
A product consisting of a liquid which has had other ingredients steeped in it to extract useful qualities.


lexentry: eng/infusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infusion
trans_list: зава́ривание
sense:
The act of steeping or soaking a substance in liquid so as to extract medicinal or herbal qualities.


lexentry: eng/infusorium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infusorium
trans_list: инфузо́рия
sense:
(biology) Any of the many minute aquatic creatures, such as protozoa and unicellular algae, found in freshwater habitats.


lexentry: eng/ingest__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ingest
trans_list: глота́ть | загла́тывать | заса́сывать | поглоща́ть | прогла́тывать
sense:
(transitive) To take (a substance, e.g., food) into the body of an organism, especially through the mouth and into the gastrointestinal tract.


lexentry: eng/ingestion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ingestion
trans_list: потребление
sense:
The process of ingesting, or consuming something orally, whether it be food, drink, medicine, or other substance. It is usually referred to as the first step of digestion.


lexentry: eng/ingot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ingot
trans_list: болва́нка | брусо́к | сли́ток | чу́шка
sense:
A solid block of more or less pure metal, often but not necessarily bricklike in shape and trapezoidal in cross-section, the result of pouring out and cooling molten metal, often immediately after smelting from raw ore or alloying from constituents.


lexentry: eng/ingress__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ingress
trans_list: вход
sense:
(astronomy) The entrance of the Moon into the shadow of the Earth in eclipses, or the Sun's entrance into a sign, etc.


lexentry: eng/inhale__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inhale
trans_list: вдохну́ть | вдыха́ть
sense:
(transitive) To draw air or any form of gas (either in a pure form, or mixed with small particles in form of aerosols/smoke -sometimes stemming from a medicament) into the lungs, through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm.


lexentry: eng/inhaler__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inhaler
trans_list: ингаля́тор
sense:
(medicine) A device with a canister holding medicine (either in powder or gas form) which is sprayed and inhaled by the patient, often for treating asthma and other respiratory diseases.


lexentry: eng/inhere__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inhere
trans_list: принадлежа́ть | явля́ться частью
sense:
(uncommon) To be inherent; to be an essential or intrinsic part of; to be fixed or permanently incorporated with something.


lexentry: eng/inherit__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inherit
trans_list: насле́довать | унасле́довать
sense:
(transitive) To receive (property, a title, etc.), by legal succession or bequest after the previous owner's death.


lexentry: eng/inheritance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: inheritance
trans_list: насле́дование
sense:
(biology, genetic algorithms) The biological attributes passed hereditarily from ancestors to their offspring.


lexentry: eng/inheritance__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inheritance
trans_list: насле́дование
sense:
(programming, object-oriented) The mechanism whereby parts of a superclass are available to instances of its subclass.


lexentry: eng/inheritance_tax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inheritance tax
trans_list: нало́г на насле́дство
sense:
A tax based on the value of the property of a deceased person, and charged on the beneficiaries of the estate.


lexentry: eng/inhuman__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inhuman
trans_list: антигума́нный | бесчелове́чный | жесто́кий | негума́нный
sense:
Of or pertaining to inhumanity and the indifferently cruel, sadistic or barbaric behavior it brings.


lexentry: eng/iniquity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: iniquity
trans_list: просту́пок
sense:
(countable) An act of great injustice or unfairness; a sinful or wicked act; an unconscionable deed.


lexentry: eng/initial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: initial
trans_list: исхо́дный | нача́льный | оригина́льный | пе́рвый | перви́чный | первонача́льный
sense:
Spatially first, placed at the beginning, in the first position; especially said of the first letter of a word.


lexentry: eng/initial__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: initial
trans_list: инициа́ль
sense:
(phonology) onset, part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and phonology.


lexentry: eng/initial_public_offering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: initial public offering
trans_list: перви́чное публи́чное предложе́ние
sense:
(business, finance) The first offering to members of the public of stock in a company, normally followed by a listing of that stock on a stock exchange.


lexentry: eng/initialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: initialism
trans_list: инициальная аббревиатура
sense:
(linguistics) A term formed from the initial letters of several words or parts of words, which is itself pronounced letter by letter.


lexentry: eng/initiation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: initiation
trans_list: инициа́ция
sense:
The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order.


lexentry: eng/injection__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: injection
trans_list: инъе́кция | инъекция
sense:
(category theory) A morphism from either one of the two components of a coproduct to that coproduct.


lexentry: eng/injection__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: injection
trans_list: внедре́ние | инъекция
sense:
(computer security) The insertion of program code into an application, URL, hardware, etc.; especially when malicious or when the target is not designed for such insertion.


lexentry: eng/injection__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: injection
trans_list: инъе́кция | инъекция
sense:
(set theory) A function that maps distinct x in the domain to distinct y in the codomain; formally, a f: X → Y such that f(a) = f(b) implies a = b for any a, b in the domain.


lexentry: eng/injective__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: injective
trans_list: инъекти́вный
sense:
(mathematics) of, relating to, or being an injection: such that each element of the image (or range) is associated with at most one element of the preimage (or domain); inverse-deterministic


lexentry: eng/injera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: injera
trans_list: ындже́ра
sense:
A pancake-like flatbread made from fermented teff flour, a traditional food of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Yemen, and the Nuer people of Sudan.


lexentry: eng/injunction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: injunction
trans_list: суде́бное постановле́ние
sense:
(legal) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, in some cases, under statutes, by a court of law, whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.


lexentry: eng/injury_time__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: injury time
trans_list: добавленное вре́мя
sense:
(sports) Additional time played after each period of a game in order to compensate for stoppages due to player injuries; loosely extended to include time added on to compensate for all types of stoppages, i.e. synonymous with stoppage time.


lexentry: eng/inkjet_printer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inkjet printer
trans_list: стру́йный при́нтер
sense:
(computer hardware) A device for the printing of documents which that operates by propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper.


lexentry: eng/inkwell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inkwell
trans_list: черни́льница | чернильница
sense:
A container for ink, designed and usually positioned so that a person may conveniently dip a pen into it whenever a refill is needed.


lexentry: eng/inland_sea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inland sea
trans_list: [[внутренний|вну́треннее]] [[мо́ре]]
sense:
A large but relatively shallow expanse of water within a landmass, sometimes connected to the ocean.


lexentry: eng/inmate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inmate
trans_list: жи́тель | жи́тельница | обита́тель | обита́тельница
sense:
A person who shares a residence (such as a hotel guest, a lodger, or a student living on campus), or other place.


lexentry: eng/inner__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner
trans_list: вну́тренний
sense:
Being or occurring (farther) inside, situated farther in, located (situated) or happening on the inside of something, situated within or farther within contained within something.


lexentry: eng/inner_city__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner city
trans_list: центр города
sense:
(urban studies) The central part of a city, especially an older, populous area of low-income or immigrant families as opposed to centrally-located commercial areas.


lexentry: eng/inner_ear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner ear
trans_list: вну́треннее у́хо
sense:
(anatomy) The portion of the ear located within the temporal bone which includes the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea and is responsible for hearing and balance.


lexentry: eng/inner_emigration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner emigration
trans_list: внутренняя эмиграция
sense:
(derogatory) The choice of some German writers to remain in Nazi Germany despite being opposed to Nazism.


lexentry: eng/inning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inning
trans_list: и́ннинг
sense:
(baseball) A period of play in which members of a visiting baseball team attempt to hit a baseball pitched by the opposing home team until three players are called out, followed by a similar attempt by members of the home baseball team against the visiting team's pitching. There are nine or more innings in a regulation baseball game.


lexentry: eng/inoculate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inoculate
trans_list: приви́ть | привива́ть
sense:
(transitive, immunology) To introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine into something (e.g. the body) or someone, such as to produce immunity to a specific disease. [from c. 1722]


lexentry: eng/inoculation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inoculation
trans_list: вакцина́ция | инокуля́ция | приви́вка
sense:
(immunology) The introduction of an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.


lexentry: eng/inorganic_chemistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inorganic chemistry
trans_list: неоргани́ческая хи́мия | неорганическая химия
sense:
(chemistry) The chemistry of the elements (including carbon), and those compounds that do not contain carbon.


lexentry: eng/inpatient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inpatient
trans_list: стациона́рный больно́й | стациона́рный пацие́нт
sense:
(healthcare) A patient whose treatment needs at least one night's residence in a hospital; a hospitalized patient.


lexentry: eng/inquiline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inquiline
trans_list: инквилин
sense:
(biology) An animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, gall, or dwelling place of an animal of another species.


lexentry: eng/inquiry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inquiry
trans_list: дозна́ние | запро́с | рассле́дование
sense:
The act of inquiring; a seeking of information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning.


lexentry: eng/inroad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inroad
trans_list: нае́зд | наше́ствие
sense:
(military, also, figuratively) An advance into enemy territory, an attempted invasion; an encroachment, an incursion.


lexentry: eng/inscribe__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inscribe
trans_list: начертать
sense:
(transitive) To write or cut (words) onto (something, especially a hard surface, or a book to be given to another person); to engrave.


lexentry: eng/inscribe__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inscribe
trans_list: впи́сывать | вписа́ть
sense:
(geometry) To draw a circle, sphere, etc. inside a polygon, polyhedron, etc. and tangent to all its sides.


lexentry: eng/insect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insect
trans_list: бука́шка | козя́вка | насеко́мое | насекомое
sense:
An arthropod (in the Insecta class) characterized by six legs, up to four wings, and a chitinous exoskeleton.


lexentry: eng/insect__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insect
trans_list: бука́шка | козя́вка
sense:
(colloquial) Any small arthropod similar to an insect, including spiders, centipedes, millipedes, etc.


lexentry: eng/insemination__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insemination
trans_list: оплодотворе́ние | осемене́ние
sense:
The introduction of sperm into a female’s reproductive system for the purpose of impregnating (making pregnant).


lexentry: eng/insert__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insert
trans_list: вкла́дыш | вкле́йка | вста́вка
sense:
A promotional or instructive leaflet inserted into a magazine, newspaper, tape or disk package, etc.


lexentry: eng/inshallah__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inshallah
trans_list: иншаалла́х | иншалла́х
sense:
(chiefly, Islam) Expressing the speaker’s wish for a given future event to occur, and also generally their emphasis on its contingency upon the divine will.


lexentry: eng/inside__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inside
trans_list: внутри́ | внутрь
sense:
Within or towards the interior of something; within the scope or limits of something (a place), especially a building.


lexentry: eng/inside__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inside
trans_list: вну́тренности | нутро́
sense:
The side of a curved road, racetrack etc. that has the shorter arc length; the side of a racetrack nearer the interior of the course or some other point of reference.


lexentry: eng/insider__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insider
trans_list: инса́йдер | свой челове́к
sense:
A person who has special knowledge about the inner workings of a group, organization, or institution.


lexentry: eng/insider_trading__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insider trading
trans_list: инса́йдерские торго́вые опера́ции с це́нными бума́гами | торго́вля инса́йдерской информа́цией
sense:
(finance) The illegal buying or selling of securities of a publicly held company by a person who has privileged access to information concerning the company's financial condition or plans.


lexentry: eng/insidiousness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insidiousness
trans_list: кова́рство
sense:
A surreptitious harmfulness, quality of entrapment, or treacherousness; the characteristic of being insidious.


lexentry: eng/insight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insight
trans_list: инса́йт | интроспе́кция
sense:
A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; frequently used with into.


lexentry: eng/insight__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: insight
trans_list: инса́йт
sense:
(marketing) Knowledge (usually derived from consumer understanding) that a company applies in order to make a product or brand perform better and be more appealing to customers


lexentry: eng/insignia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insignia
trans_list: знак отли́чия | знак разли́чия
sense:
A patch or other object that indicates a person's official or military rank, or membership in a group or organization.


lexentry: eng/insignia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insignia
trans_list: значо́к | меда́ль | о́рден | эмбле́ма
sense:
A symbol or token of personal power, status, or office, or of an official body of government or jurisdiction.


lexentry: eng/insinuate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: insinuate
trans_list: заи́скивать пе́ред | сниска́ть (чью-нибу́дь) ми́лость
sense:
(figurative, by extension) To ingratiate; to obtain access to or introduce something by subtle, cunning or artful means.


lexentry: eng/insinuation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insinuation
trans_list: инсинуа́ция
sense:
The act of gaining favor, affection, or influence, by gentle or artful means; — formerly used in a good sense, as of friendly influence or interposition.


lexentry: eng/insolvency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insolvency
trans_list: неплатёжеспосо́бность | несостоя́тельность
sense:
(finance) The condition of being insolvent; the state or condition of a person who is insolvent; the condition of one who is unable to pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and business.


lexentry: eng/inspect__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inspect
trans_list: осма́тривать | осмотре́ть
sense:
To examine critically or carefully; especially, to search out problems or determine condition; to scrutinize.


lexentry: eng/inspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inspiration
trans_list: вдох | вдыха́ние
sense:
(physiology, uncountable) The drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm, as part of the act of respiration.


lexentry: eng/inspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inspiration
trans_list: вдохнове́ние
sense:
A supernatural divine influence on the prophets, apostles, or sacred writers, by which they were qualified to communicate moral or religious truth with authority; a supernatural influence which qualifies people to receive and communicate divine truth; also, the truth communicated.


lexentry: eng/inspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inspiration
trans_list: вдохнове́ние | вдохновение
sense:
A person, object, or situation which quickens or stimulates an influence upon the intellect, emotions or creativity.


lexentry: eng/inspire__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inspire
trans_list: вдохновля́ть | вдохнови́ть | внуша́ть | внуши́ть | воодушеви́ть | воодушевля́ть
sense:
(transitive) To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey, as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose preternaturally; to produce in, as by inspiration.


lexentry: eng/inspire__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inspire
trans_list: вдохновля́ть | вдохнови́ть | воодушеви́ть | воодушевля́ть
sense:
(transitive) To infuse into; to affect, as with a superior or supernatural influence; to fill with what animates, enlivens or exalts; to communicate inspiration to.


lexentry: eng/instability__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: instability
trans_list: непро́чность | неусто́йчивость
sense:
(physics, countable) A state that is not in equilibrium, or in which a small change has a large irreversible effect.


lexentry: eng/installation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: installation
trans_list: устано́вка | инсталля́ция | монта́ж | обору́дование
sense:
Something installed, especially the whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories, when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc.


lexentry: eng/installment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: installment
trans_list: вы́пуск | часть
sense:
One of a series of parts, whether equal or unequal to the other parts of the series, of a given entity or a given process, which part presents or is presented at a particular scheduled interval.


lexentry: eng/installment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: installment
trans_list: взнос
sense:
(banking, finance) One member of a series of portions of a debt or sum of money, which portions may or may not be equated (depending in part on whether the interest rate is fixed or variable), payment of which portions are serially exacted at regularly scheduled intervals toward satisfaction of the total. Payments of installments are generally mensual, quarterly, triannual, biannual, or annual.


lexentry: eng/instance__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: instance
trans_list: экземпля́р
sense:
(computing) A specific occurrence of something that is created or instantiated, such as a database, or an object of a class in object-oriented programming. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/instant_coffee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instant coffee
trans_list: раствори́мый ко́фе
sense:
A beverage in the form of a powder, granules, or concentrated liquid, made from coffee and able to be quickly reconstituted by adding water.


lexentry: eng/instant_noodle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instant noodle
trans_list: [[лапша́]] [[быстрый|бы́строго]] [[приготовление|приготовле́ния]]
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) One of a mass of dried precooked noodles fused with oil, usually soaked in boiling water for a few minutes before being eaten.


lexentry: eng/instantaneous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instantaneous
trans_list: мгнове́нный | момента́льный
sense:
Occurring, arising, or functioning without any delay; happening within an imperceptibly brief period of time. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/instantiate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: instantiate
trans_list: инстанцировать
sense:
(transitive, object-oriented programming) To create an object (an instance) of a specific class. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/instar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instar
trans_list: во́зраст
sense:
Any one of the several stages of postembryonic development which an arthropod undergoes, between molts, before it reaches sexual maturity.


lexentry: eng/instigation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instigation
trans_list: подстрека́тельство
sense:
The act of instigating, or the state of being instigated; incitement; especially to evil or wickedness.


lexentry: eng/instigator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instigator
trans_list: зачи́нщик | зачи́нщица | подстрека́тель | подстрека́тельница
sense:
A person who intentionally instigates, incites, or starts something, especially one that creates trouble.


lexentry: eng/institution__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: institution
trans_list: ве́домство | заведе́ние | институ́ция | организа́ция | учрежде́ние
sense:
A long established and respected organization, particularly one involved with education, public service, or charity work.


lexentry: eng/instructive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instructive
trans_list: инструкти́в | инструкти́вный паде́ж
sense:
(linguistics) A case in the Finnish and Estonian languages. It expresses the means or the instrument used to perform an action.


lexentry: eng/instructive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instructive case
trans_list: инструкти́в
sense:
(grammar) : noun case used to indicate means. It answers the question "how?", and in English, this is usually expressed by the prepositional phrase by means of, as in "by means of the house". Languages that use the instructive case include Finnish and (rarely) Estonian.


lexentry: eng/instrumental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: instrumental
trans_list: твори́тельный
sense:
(music) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for an instrument, especially a musical instrument (rather than the human voice).


lexentry: eng/instrumental_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instrumental case
trans_list: твори́тельный паде́ж | творительный падеж
sense:
(grammar) A noun case used to express means or agency—and is generally indicated in English by by or with with the objective. Languages that use the instrumental case include Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Dyirbal, Georgian, Latvian, Slovene, Polish, Ukrainian, Quechua, Russian, Assamese, Turkish and Sanskrit. Extinct languages that used the instrumental case include Old English, Old Saxon and Old High German.


lexentry: eng/insubordination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insubordination
trans_list: неповинове́ние | неподчине́ние | непоко́рность | ослуша́ние
sense:
The quality or state of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority; specifically, an employee's failure or refusal to comply with a request or an assignment given by his/her supervisor.


lexentry: eng/insular__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: insular
trans_list: за́мкнутый | изоли́рованный | огоро́женный | ограни́ченный
sense:
Separate or isolated from the surroundings; having little interaction with external parties; provincial.


lexentry: eng/insular__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: insular
trans_list: островно́й
sense:
(linguistics, anthropology) (often with a capital letter) Relating to the varieties of a language or languages spoken chiefly on islands. Insular Latin, Latin as it was spoken in Britain and Ireland. Insular Celtic, the Celtic languages of Britain, Ireland and also Brittany, as opposed to those spoken in mainland Europe other than Brittany. Insular Scandinavian, relating to the Icelandic and Faroese languages as opposed to the ones spoken in Sweden, Denmark and Norway.


lexentry: eng/insulate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insulate
trans_list: изоли́ровать | изолировать
sense:
To separate a body or material from others, e.g. by non-conductors to prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, etc.


lexentry: eng/insulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: insulation
trans_list: изоли́рование | изоля́ция
sense:
(engineering) The act of separating a body from others by nonconductors, so as to prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound


lexentry: eng/insulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: insulation
trans_list: изоля́тор | изоля́ция
sense:
(electricity) a medium in which it is possible to maintain an electrical field with little supply of energy from additional sources.


lexentry: eng/insulator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insulator
trans_list: изоля́тор
sense:
A substance that does not transmit heat (thermal insulator), sound (acoustic insulator) or electricity (electrical insulator).


lexentry: eng/insulator__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insulator
trans_list: изоля́тор
sense:
A non-conductive structure, coating or device that does not transmit sound, heat or electricity (see image)


lexentry: eng/insult__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insult
trans_list: оскорбле́ние | оби́да
sense:
(uncountable) Action or form of speech deliberately intended to be rude; (countable) a particular act or statement having this effect.


lexentry: eng/insult__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insult
trans_list: оби́деть | обижа́ть | оскорби́ть | оскорбля́ть
sense:
(transitive) To be insensitive, insolent, or rude to (somebody); to affront or demean (someone). [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/insurance_policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insurance policy
trans_list: страхово́й по́лис
sense:
(insurance) A legal document outlining a particular insurance cover for an insured entity for a given risk.


lexentry: eng/insure__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insure
trans_list: застрахо́вывать | застрахова́ть | страхова́ть
sense:
(transitive) To provide for compensation if some specified risk occurs. Often agreed by policy (contract) to offer financial compensation in case of an accident, theft or other undesirable event.


lexentry: eng/insurgent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insurgent
trans_list: бунтовщи́к | инсурге́нт | мяте́жник | повста́нец
sense:
One of several people who take up arms against the local state authority; a participant in insurgency.


lexentry: eng/insurrection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insurrection
trans_list: бунт | восста́ние | мяте́ж
sense:
(uncountable) The action of part or all of a national population violently rising up against the government or other authority; (countable) an instance of this; a revolt, an uprising; specifically, one that is at an initial stage or limited in nature.


lexentry: eng/intangible_asset__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intangible asset
trans_list: невеще́ственный акти́в | нематериа́льный акти́в | неосяза́емый акти́в
sense:
(business, accounting) Any valuable property of a business that is not a physical by nature, including intellectual property, customer lists, and goodwill. Intangible assets may or may not be shown on the balance sheet.


lexentry: eng/integer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integer
trans_list: це́лое | це́лое число́
sense:
(arithmetic) A number that is not a fraction; an element of the infinite and numerable set {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}.


lexentry: eng/integral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integral
trans_list: интегра́л | интеграл
sense:
(mathematics) One of the two fundamental operations of calculus (the other being differentiation), whereby a function's displacement, area, volume, or other qualities arising from the study of infinitesimal change are quantified, usually defined as a limiting process on a sequence of partial sums. Denoted using a long s: ∫, or a variant thereof.


lexentry: eng/integral_calculus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integral calculus
trans_list: интегра́льное исчисле́ние | интегральное исчисление
sense:
(calculus) The calculus that generalizes summation to find areas, masses, volumes, sums, and totals of quantities described by continuously varying functions.


lexentry: eng/integral_equation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integral equation
trans_list: интегра́льное уравне́ние
sense:
(mathematics) An equation involving a function f(x) and integrals of that function to be solved for f(x)


lexentry: eng/integrated_circuit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integrated circuit
trans_list: интегра́льная схе́ма
sense:
(semiconductors) A thin chip, usually of silicon, consisting of at least two interconnected semiconductor devices, mainly transistors.


lexentry: eng/integration__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: integration
trans_list: интегри́рование
sense:
(biology) In evolution, the process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent; supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in species' development.


lexentry: eng/integration_by_parts__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integration by parts
trans_list: интегри́рование по частя́м
sense:
(analysis) A method of integration directly related to the rule for differentiation of products; can be written as \int u\ dv = uv - \int v\ du.


lexentry: eng/intellect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intellect
trans_list: интелле́кт | ра́зум | ум
sense:
(uncountable) The faculty of thinking, judging, abstract reasoning, and conceptual understanding; the cognitive faculty.


lexentry: eng/intellectual_property__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intellectual property
trans_list: интеллектуа́льная со́бственность | интеллектуальная собственность
sense:
(uncountable) Any product of someone's intellect that has commercial value: a piece of literature, a painting, an invention, a trademark, a trade secret, etc. Works protected under intellectual property law, and accorded intellectual property rights such as copyrights and patents.


lexentry: eng/intelligence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intelligence
trans_list: ум | интелле́кт | интеллиге́нтность | ра́зум | рассу́док
sense:
(mostly, uncountable) The quality of making use or having made use of such capacities: depth of understanding, mental quickness.


lexentry: eng/intelligence__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: intelligence
trans_list: разве́дка | разве́дывательные да́нные | разведда́нные | разведслу́жба | све́дения
sense:
(countable) A political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information, usually secret, about the enemy or about hostile activities.


lexentry: eng/intelligence_agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intelligence agency
trans_list: разве́дка | разве́дывательная слу́жба | специа́льная слу́жба
sense:
A governmental agency that is devoted to the information gathering (known in the context as "intelligence") for purposes of national security and defense.


lexentry: eng/intelligence_quotient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intelligence quotient
trans_list: коэффицие́нт интелле́кта | IQ | ай-кью́
sense:
A score derived from one of several different standardized tests attempting to measure a person's intelligence relative to that of the general population, with the average usually calibrated to a number around 100.


lexentry: eng/intelligent_design__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intelligent design
trans_list: разу́мный за́мысел
sense:
The belief that biological life on Earth, or more broadly, the universe as a whole, was created by an intelligent agent (specified or unspecified) rather than being the result of undirected natural processes.


lexentry: eng/intend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intend
trans_list: намерева́ться | плани́ровать | собира́ться
sense:
(ambitransitive, usually followed by particle "to" + verb, or "on"/"upon" + noun) To fix the mind upon (something, or something to be accomplished); be intent upon


lexentry: eng/intendment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intendment
trans_list: закон | законодатель | наме́рение | понима́ние
sense:
(legal) the sense in which the legal system interprets something, especially the intention of legislation


lexentry: eng/intensive_care__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intensive care
trans_list: [[интенси́вный]] [[ухо́д]] | [[интенсивный|интенси́вная]] [[терапи́я]] | реанима́ция
sense:
(medicine) The support and monitoring of critically ill patients, especially by the use of instrumentation and specialized staff and equipment.


lexentry: eng/intensive_care_unit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intensive care unit
trans_list: отделе́ние реанима́ции и интенси́вной терапи́и
sense:
A hospital ward into which critically ill patients, in danger of dying, are admitted and closely monitored (abbreviation: ICU).


lexentry: eng/intentionality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intentionality
trans_list: преднаме́ренность | целенапра́вленность
sense:
(philosophy) The characteristic of a mental state whereby it is about something, which relates to mental states in an analogous way as meaning relates to a word.


lexentry: eng/interaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interaction
trans_list: взаимоде́йствие
sense:
The situation or occurrence in which two or more objects or events act upon one another to produce a new effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.


lexentry: eng/interactive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interactive
trans_list: интеракти́вный | взаимоде́йствующий
sense:
Interacting with or communicating with and reacting to each other; influencing or having an effect on each other; acting or capable of acting on each other or with the other.


lexentry: eng/interactome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interactome
trans_list: интеракто́м
sense:
(biology) All the interactions between biological entities in cells and organisms considered as a whole.


lexentry: eng/intercalary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intercalary
trans_list: високо́сный
sense:
(botany) of a meristem: situated between zones of permanent tissue, thus a shoot growing at the base of a leaf, in comparison with apical growth at the tip of a root or plant.


lexentry: eng/intercept__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intercept
trans_list: перехва́тывать | перехвати́ть
sense:
(transitive, American football) Of a defensive player: to steal a pass thrown by the opposing team, gaining possession of the ball.


lexentry: eng/interchange__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interchange
trans_list: у́зел
sense:
(countable) A junction in which traffic may merge to enter or diverge to exit a limited-access highway to access a surface street, without crossing traffic on the main highway.


lexentry: eng/interchange__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: interchange
trans_list: переса́дка | развя́зка | у́зел
sense:
(rail transport, countable) A connection between two or more lines, services or modes of transport; a station at which such a connection can be made.


lexentry: eng/intercom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: An electronic communication system, especially one between rooms in a building.
written_rep: intercom
trans_list:
[[внутренний|вну́тренняя]] связь | [[переговорный|перегово́рное]] [[устро́йство]] | [[систе́ма]] [[двусторонний|двусторо́нней]] [[связь|свя́зи]] | домофо́н | интерко́м


lexentry: eng/interconfessional__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interconfessional
trans_list: межконфессиона́льный
sense:
(religion) Taking place between religious organisations that have different systems of formulated theology (confessions of faith)


lexentry: eng/intercontinental_ballistic_missile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intercontinental ballistic missile
trans_list: [[межконтинентальный|межконтинента́льная]] [[баллистический|баллисти́ческая]] [[раке́та]] | МБР
sense:
(military, rocketry) A class of long-range missiles associated especially with carrying nuclear warheads.


lexentry: eng/interdict__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interdict
trans_list: интердикт
sense:
A papal decree prohibiting the administration of the sacraments from a political entity under the power of a single person (e.g., a king or an oligarchy with similar powers). Extreme unction/Anointing of the Sick is excepted.


lexentry: eng/interdict__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: interdict
trans_list: сдерживать
sense:
(transitive, US, military) To impede (an enemy); to interrupt or destroy (enemy communications, supply lines etc). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interest
trans_list: проце́нт | ставка
sense:
(uncountable, finance) The price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed. [from earlier 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interest
trans_list: интере́с | интерес
sense:
(uncountable) A great attention and concern from someone or something; intellectual curiosity. [from later 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: interest
trans_list: интере́с
sense:
(countable) An involvement, claim, right, share, stake in or link with a financial, business, or other undertaking or endeavor.


lexentry: eng/interest__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interest
trans_list: заинтересова́ть | интересова́ть | заинтересова́ться | интересова́ться
sense:
(obsolete, often, _, impersonal) To be concerned with or engaged in; to affect; to concern; to excite.


lexentry: eng/interest_rate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interest rate
trans_list: проце́нтная ста́вка
sense:
(finance) The percentage of an amount of money charged for its use per some period of time (often a year).


lexentry: eng/interface__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: interface
trans_list: интерфе́йс
sense:
(computing, object-oriented) In object-oriented programming, a piece of code defining a set of operations that other code must implement.


lexentry: eng/interface__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: interface
trans_list: интерфе́йс
sense:
(object-oriented programming) In some languages, a block of code declaring the interface (point of interconnection) between a class and code that interacts with it.


lexentry: eng/interferometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interferometer
trans_list: интерферометр
sense:
(physics) any of several instruments that use the interference of waves to determine wavelengths and wave velocities, determine refractive indices, measure small distances, temperature changes, stresses, and many other useful measurements.


lexentry: eng/interferon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interferon
trans_list: интерферо́н | интерферон
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of a group of glycoproteins, produced by the immune system, that prevent viral replication in infected cells.


lexentry: eng/interfix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interfix
trans_list: интерфикс | соединительный аффикс
sense:
(linguistic morphology) A morph inserted between two morphemes in the process of word formation, such as the empty morphs English -i- and -o-.


lexentry: eng/interjection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interjection
trans_list: восклица́ние | междоме́тие | междометие
sense:
(grammar) An exclamation or filled pause; a word or phrase with no particular grammatical relation to a sentence, often an expression of emotion.


lexentry: eng/interlanguage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interlanguage
trans_list: интер-язы́к
sense:
A language generated by a student of a foreign language that incorporates aspects of their native language and the target language.


lexentry: eng/interleave__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interleave
trans_list: проставля́ть
sense:
(transitive) To intersperse (something) at regular intervals between the parts of a thing or between items in a group.


lexentry: eng/interloper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interloper
trans_list: нахал
sense:
One who interferes, intrudes or gets involved where not welcome, particularly a self-interested intruder.


lexentry: eng/intermediate_value_theorem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intermediate value theorem
trans_list: теоре́ма Больца́но-Коши́ | теоре́ма о промежу́точном значе́нии
sense:
(calculus) A theorem that states for each value between the least upper bound and greatest lower bound of the image of a continuous function there is a corresponding point in its domain that the function maps to that value.


lexentry: eng/intermezzo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intermezzo
trans_list: интерме́дия | интерме́ццо
sense:
(music, arts) A short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle; a theatrical interlude.


lexentry: eng/intermission__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intermission
trans_list: антра́кт | па́уза | переме́на | переры́в
sense:
A break, especially between two performances or sessions, such as at a concert, play, seminar, or religious assembly.


lexentry: eng/intermittent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intermittent
trans_list: пересыха́ющий
sense:
(specifically, geology, of a body of water) Existing only for certain seasons; that is, being dry for part of the year.


lexentry: eng/intern__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intern
sense:
(intransitive) To work as an intern, usually with little or no pay or other legal prerogatives of employment, and for the purpose of furthering a program of education.

trans_list:
[[пройти́]] [[практика|пра́ктику]]/[[стажировка|стажиро́вку]] | [[проходи́ть]] [[практика|пра́ктику]]/[[стажировка|стажиро́вку]]


lexentry: eng/internal_combustion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: internal combustion
trans_list: вну́треннее сгора́ние
sense:
The process where fuel is burned within an engine such as a diesel engine, producing power directly as opposed to externally such as in a steam engine.


lexentry: eng/internal_combustion_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: internal combustion engine
trans_list: дви́гатель вну́треннего сгора́ния
sense:
A heat engine in which intermittent or the continuous burning of a fuel takes place inside a combustion chamber; the resulting pressurized gas acts directly on the engine to do useful work, such as a piston engine, gas turbine, jet engine or rocket.


lexentry: eng/international_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: international law
trans_list: междунаро́дное пра́во
sense:
Set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations, serving as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations.


lexentry: eng/international_organization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: international organization
trans_list: междунаро́дная организа́ция
sense:
(international law) An organisation established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality.


lexentry: eng/international_waters__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: international waters
trans_list: междунаро́дные во́ды | нейтра́льные во́ды | откры́тое мо́ре
sense:
(international law) Those parts of the ocean that are not legally recognized as being under the jurisdiction of any national government.


lexentry: eng/internationalization__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: internationalization
trans_list: интернационализа́ция
sense:
(software engineering) The act or process of making a product suitable for international markets, typically by making text messages easily translatable and ensuring support of non-Latin character sets, languages, and regions.


lexentry: eng/interoperability__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interoperability
trans_list: интероперабельность | переносимость | совмести́мость | функциональная совмести́мость
sense:
(military) The capacity for a service, piece of equipment etc., to be operated by different forces or groups.


lexentry: eng/interpellate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interpellate
trans_list: заговорить
sense:
(transitive, chiefly, politics) To question (someone) formally concerning official or governmental policy or business.


lexentry: eng/interpellation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interpellation
trans_list: интерпелляция
sense:
(politics) The act of interpellating (questioning); the period in which government officials are questioned about and explain an act, a policy or a point raised during a debate.


lexentry: eng/interpolate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interpolate
trans_list: интерполировать
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To introduce (something) between other things; especially to insert (possibly spurious) words into a text.


lexentry: eng/interpolation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interpolation
trans_list: интерполя́ция
sense:
(mathematics, science) The process of estimating the value of a function at a point from its values at nearby points.


lexentry: eng/interpolation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interpolation
trans_list: интерполя́ция
sense:
(computing) The process of including and processing externally-fetched data in a document or program; see interpolate.


lexentry: eng/interposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interposition
trans_list: передача
sense:
The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being, placing, or coming between; mediation.


lexentry: eng/interpret__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interpret
trans_list: перевести́ | переводи́ть
sense:
To decode the meaning of a topic and then act, whether to continue researching the topic, follow through, act in opposition, or further the understanding through sharing an interpretation.


lexentry: eng/interpret__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interpret
trans_list: интерпрети́ровать | истолкова́ть | объясни́ть | объясня́ть | толкова́ть
sense:
To explain or tell the meaning of; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms. applied especially to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.


lexentry: eng/interpretation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interpretation
trans_list: у́стный перево́д
sense:
(uncountable, linguistics, translation studies) The discipline or study of translating one spoken or signed language into another (as opposed to translation, which concerns itself with written language).


lexentry: eng/interpreter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interpreter
sense:
A person who converts spoken or signed language into a different language for the benefit of one or more others who do not understand the first language being used (especially if in real time or shortly after that person has finished communicating). (Contrasted with translator.)

trans_list:
[[у́стный]] [[перево́дчик]] | [[устный|у́стная]] [[перево́дчица]] | перево́дчик | перево́дчица | толма́ч | толма́чка


lexentry: eng/interpreter__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interpreter
trans_list: интерпрета́тор | переводчик
sense:
(computing) A program that executes another program written in a high-level language by reading the instructions in real time rather than by compiling it in advance.


lexentry: eng/interrobang__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interrobang
trans_list: вопроца́тельный знак | интерроба́нг
sense:
The nonstandard punctuation mark ‽ (a combination of ? and !), which may be used at the end of a sentence to express excitement or disbelief, or to indicate that it is a rhetorical question. [from 1962.]


lexentry: eng/interrogative_pronoun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interrogative pronoun
trans_list: вопроси́тельное местоиме́ние
sense:
(grammar) A pronoun used in a question. In English, the five interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose (also used as relative pronouns). These require no antecedent.


lexentry: eng/interrupt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interrupt
trans_list: прерывание
sense:
(computing, electronics) An event that causes a computer or other device to temporarily cease what it was doing and attend to a condition.


lexentry: eng/interrupt__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interrupt
trans_list: вме́шиваться | вмеша́ться | меша́ть | оборва́ть | обрыва́ть | переби́ть
sense:
(ambitransitive) To disturb or halt (an ongoing process or action, or the person performing it) by interfering suddenly, especially by speaking.


lexentry: eng/intersection__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: intersection
trans_list: пересече́ние
sense:
(geometry) The point or set of points common to two geometrical objects (such as the point where two lines meet or the line where two planes intersect).


lexentry: eng/intersectionality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intersectionality
trans_list: интерсекциона́льность
sense:
The study of (or a sociological methodology of studying) overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination, or discrimination.


lexentry: eng/intersex__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intersex
trans_list: интерсексуа́льный
sense:
(of an individual) Having any of a variety of inherent conditions (in a species with distinct sexes) in which one's sex characteristics differ from those of a typical male and female; for example, having sex characteristics relating to both male and female sexes.


lexentry: eng/intersexuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intersexuality
trans_list: интерсексуа́льность
sense:
The state of having the physical features of both sexes, or of having ambiguous sex, i.e. not unambiguously male or female.


lexentry: eng/interstate__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interstate
trans_list: междушта́тный | межшта́тный
sense:
(chiefly, US, and, Australia) Crossing states (usually provincial state, but also e.g. multinational sense).


lexentry: eng/interstice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interstice
trans_list: зазо́р | промежу́ток | расще́лина
sense:
A small opening or space between objects, especially adjacent objects or objects set closely together, as between cords in a rope or components of a multiconductor electrical cable or between atoms in a crystal.


lexentry: eng/interstice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interstice
trans_list: промежу́ток
sense:
An interval of time required by the Roman Catholic Church between the attainment of different degrees of an order.


lexentry: eng/interstitial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interstitial
trans_list: вста́вка
sense:
(Internet, advertising) A web page, usually carrying advertising, displayed when leaving one content page for another.


lexentry: eng/interval__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interval
trans_list: интерва́л | интервал
sense:
(music) The difference (a ratio or logarithmic measure) in pitch between two notes, often referring to those two pitches themselves (otherwise known as a dyad).


lexentry: eng/intervene__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: intervene
trans_list: вмешаться | вмешиваться
sense:
(ambitransitive) To say (something) in the middle of a conversation or discussion between other people, or to respond to a situation involving other people.


lexentry: eng/interview__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interview
trans_list: интервью́ | интервью
sense:
A conversation in person (or, by extension, over the telephone, Internet etc.) between a journalist and someone whose opinion or statements he or she wishes to record for publication, broadcast etc. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/interwar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interwar
trans_list: межвое́нный
sense:
During or relating to the period of time between two wars, especially the two World Wars (1919–1939).


lexentry: eng/intestine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intestine
trans_list: кише́чник | кишка́ | чре́во
sense:
(anatomy, often pluralized) The alimentary canal of an animal through which food passes after having passed all stomachs.


lexentry: eng/intestine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intestine
trans_list: кише́чник | кишка́
sense:
One of certain subdivisions of this part of the alimentary canal, such as the small or large intestine in human beings.


lexentry: eng/intifada__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intifada
trans_list: интифа́да
sense:
An uprising, resistant struggle or rebellious protest, especially the Palestinian uprisings against Israel.


lexentry: eng/intimacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intimacy
trans_list: бли́зость | инти́мность
sense:
(uncountable, countable) Feeling or atmosphere of closeness and openness towards someone else, often but not necessarily involving sexuality.


lexentry: eng/intimidate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intimidate
trans_list: запу́гивать | запуга́ть | испуга́ть | пуга́ть | устраша́ть | устраши́ть
sense:
(transitive) To make timid or afraid; to cause to feel fear or nervousness; to deter, especially by threats of violence


lexentry: eng/into__Preposition__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: into
trans_list: в
sense:
(mathematics) Expressing the operation of division, with the denominator given first. Usually with "goes".


lexentry: eng/intolerant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intolerant
trans_list: нетерпи́мый | нетолера́нтный
sense:
Not tolerant; close-minded about new or different ideas; indisposed to tolerate contrary opinions or beliefs; impatient of dissent or opposition; denying or refusing the right of private opinion or choice in others; inclined to persecute or suppress dissent.


lexentry: eng/intractable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intractable
trans_list: тру́дный | трудная
sense:
(maths) (of a mathematical problem) Not able to be solved in polynomial time; too difficult to attempt to solve.


lexentry: eng/intrauterine_device__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrauterine device
trans_list: ВМС | внутрима́точная спира́ль | спира́ль
sense:
A contraceptive device consisting of a spiral or similar shape of plastic or metal inserted through the vagina into the uterus in order to prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg.


lexentry: eng/intrigue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrigue
trans_list: интри́га | интрига
sense:
A complicated or clandestine plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem.


lexentry: eng/intrigue__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intrigue
trans_list: сюже́т | фа́була
sense:
The plot of a play, poem or romance; the series of complications in which a writer involves their imaginary characters.


lexentry: eng/intrinsic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intrinsic
trans_list: составляющий
sense:
(anatomy, of a body part) Situated, produced, secreted in, or coming from inside an organ, tissue, muscle or member.


lexentry: eng/intrinsic_value__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrinsic value
trans_list: собственное значение
sense:
the real value of something within itself, which may not take into account its market value or face value.


lexentry: eng/introit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: introit
trans_list: интро́ит
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, music) A prayer, typically part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible, read or sung at the start of Mass while or immediately after the priest ascends to the altar.


lexentry: eng/intron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intron
trans_list: интро́н
sense:
(genetics) A portion of a split gene that is included in pre-RNA transcripts but is removed during RNA processing and rapidly degraded.


lexentry: eng/introspection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: introspection
trans_list: интроспе́кция | самоана́лиз | самонаблюде́ние
sense:
(psychology) A looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states


lexentry: eng/introvert__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: introvert
trans_list: интрове́рт
sense:
(zoology) An organ or other body part that is or can be turned inside out, especially an anterior portion of some annelid worms capable of retraction.


lexentry: eng/introvert__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: introvert
trans_list: интрове́рт
sense:
(psychology) An introverted person: one who is considered more thoughtful than social, with a personality more inwardly than outwardly directed; one who often prefers to have time in non-social situations.


lexentry: eng/intrude__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrude
trans_list: вторга́ться | меша́ть | навя́зываться
sense:
(intransitive) To thrust oneself in; to come or enter without invitation, permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass.


lexentry: eng/intrusive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrusive
trans_list: навя́зчивый | вторгаться | назо́йливый
sense:
Tending to intrude; doing that which is not welcome; interrupting or disturbing; entering without permission or welcome.


lexentry: eng/intrusive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intrusive
trans_list: интрузи́вный
sense:
(geology) Of rocks: forced, while in a plastic or molten state, into the cavities or between the cracks or layers of other rocks.


lexentry: eng/intuitionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intuitionism
trans_list: интуитиви́зм
sense:
(mathematics) An approach to mathematics/logic which avoids proof by contradiction, and which requires that, in order to prove that something exists, one must construct it.


lexentry: eng/inure__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inure
trans_list: приучать
sense:
(transitive) To cause someone to become accustomed to something that requires prolonged or repeated tolerance of one or more unpleasantries. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/invalid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: invalid
trans_list: инвали́д | инвали́дка
sense:
(dated, sometimes, offensive) A person who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury; one who is too sick or weak to care for themselves.


lexentry: eng/invasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invasion
trans_list: вторже́ние | наше́ствие
sense:
A military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.


lexentry: eng/inveigh__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inveigh
trans_list: оскорбля́ть | поносить | руга́ть
sense:
(intransitive, with against or occasionally about, formerly also with on, at, upon) To complain loudly, to give voice to one's censure or criticism [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/invention__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: invention
trans_list: инве́нция
sense:
(music) A small, self-contained composition, particularly those in J.S. Bach’s Two- and Three-part Inventions.


lexentry: eng/inventive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inventive
trans_list: изобрета́тельный | нахо́дчивый
sense:
Possessed of a particular capacity for the design of new mechanisms or processes, creative or skilful at inventing.


lexentry: eng/inverse__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inverse
trans_list: противоположность, контраст
sense:
(card games) The winning of the coup in a game of rouge et noir by a card of a color different from that first dealt; the area of the table reserved for bets upon such an outcome.


lexentry: eng/inverse_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inverse function
trans_list: обратная фу́нкция
sense:
(mathematics) For a given function f, another function, denoted f−1, that reverses the mapping action of f; (formally) given a function f: X\rightarrow Y, a function g: Y\rightarrow X such that, \forall x\in X,\ f(x) = y \implies g(y)=x.


lexentry: eng/inverse_matrix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inverse matrix
trans_list: обра́тная ма́трица
sense:
(linear algebra) Of a matrix A, another matrix B such that A multiplied by B and B multiplied by A both equal the identity matrix.


lexentry: eng/inverse_trigonometric_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inverse trigonometric function
trans_list: обра́тная тригонометри́ческая фу́нкция
sense:
(mathematics) A function that is the inverse of an appropriate restriction of a trigonometric function.


lexentry: eng/inversion__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: inversion
trans_list: [[обра́тный]] [[поря́док]] слов | инве́рсия
sense:
(grammar) Deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis.


lexentry: eng/inverted__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inverted
trans_list: обратный
sense:
Having the order or direction changed; for example turned upside down, reversed or in any other way opposite or contrary.


lexentry: eng/investigation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: investigation
trans_list: иссле́дование | рассле́дование | сле́дствие
sense:
The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research, especially patient or thorough inquiry or examination


lexentry: eng/investigative_journalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: investigative journalism
trans_list: журналистское расследование
sense:
A form of journalism in which the reporter deeply investigates a single topic of interest, often involving crime or corruption.


lexentry: eng/investment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: investment
trans_list: вклад | вложе́ние | инвести́ция | капиталовложе́ние
sense:
(finance) A placement of capital in expectation of deriving income or profit from its use or appreciation.


lexentry: eng/investment_bank__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: investment bank
trans_list: инвестицио́нный банк
sense:
(banking, finance) A financial institution that deals with raising capital, trading in securities and managing corporate mergers and acquisitions.


lexentry: eng/invidious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: invidious
trans_list: ненави́стный | омерзи́тельный
sense:
Detestable, hateful, or odious. (Often used in cases of perceived unfairness, or when facing a difficult situation or choice — especially in the phrase invidious position.)


lexentry: eng/invigilator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invigilator
trans_list: наблюда́тель
sense:
(UK, Ireland, Canada, India, South Africa, Hong Kong, Singapore) A person who supervises students during an examination; a proctor


lexentry: eng/invisible_hand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invisible hand
trans_list: неви́димая рука́
sense:
(economics) A metaphor for the principle that in a free market, an individual pursuing his own self-interest also tends to promote the good of his community as a whole.


lexentry: eng/invisible_ink__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invisible ink
trans_list: невидимые чернила
sense:
An ink, invisible on application or soon thereafter, that can later be rendered visible by some process, such as exposing it to heat.


lexentry: eng/invitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: invitation
trans_list: приглаше́ние | приглашение
sense:
(bridge) A bid that tells one's partner that game or slam is likely if their hand is at the strong end of what they have indicated.


lexentry: eng/invocation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invocation
trans_list: моли́тва | мольба́
sense:
The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being, especially prayer offered to a divine being.


lexentry: eng/invoice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invoice
trans_list: счёт | инво́йс | накладна́я | счёт-факту́ра | факту́ра
sense:
A bill; a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer indicating the products, quantities and agreed prices for products or services that the seller has already provided the buyer with. An invoice indicates that, unless paid in advance, payment is due by the buyer to the seller, according to the agreed terms.


lexentry: eng/involve__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: involve
trans_list: каса́ться | косну́ться
sense:
To cause or engage (someone or something) to become connected or implicated, or to participate, in some activity or situation.


lexentry: eng/involve__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: involve
trans_list: включа́ть | включи́ть | содержа́ть
sense:
(figuratively) To entangle, intertwine, or mingle (something with one or more other things, or several things together); especially, to entangle (someone or something) in a confusing or troublesome situation.


lexentry: eng/involve__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: involve
trans_list: обвола́кивать | обволо́чь | оберну́ть | обора́чивать | обороти́ть | обёртывать
sense:
To form (something) into a coil or spiral, or into folds; to entwine, to fold up, to roll, to wind round.


lexentry: eng/involve__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: involve
trans_list: возвести́ в сте́пень | возводи́ть в сте́пень
sense:
(mathematics) To multiply (a number) by itself a given number of times; to raise to any assigned power.


lexentry: eng/involved__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: involved
trans_list: вовлечённый | прича́стный
sense:
Associated with others, be a participant or make someone be a participant (in a crime, process, etc.)


lexentry: eng/iodoform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iodoform
trans_list: йодоформ
sense:
(chemistry) A halogenated hydrocarbon, CHI3; a yellow crystalline compound, formerly used as a mild antiseptic


lexentry: eng/ion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ion
trans_list: ио́н | ион
sense:
An atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge, such as the sodium and chlorine atoms in a salt solution.


lexentry: eng/ion_channel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ion channel
trans_list: ио́нный кана́л
sense:
(biochemistry) A protein complex or single protein that spans between both sides of a cell membrane and allows specific ions to pass through.


lexentry: eng/ionic_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionic bond
trans_list: ионная связь
sense:
(chemistry) A type of chemical bond where two atoms or molecules are connected to each other by electrostatic attraction.


lexentry: eng/ionization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionization
trans_list: иониза́ция | ионизация
sense:
(chemistry, physics) Any process that leads to the dissociation of a neutral atom or molecule into charged particles ions; the state of being ionized.


lexentry: eng/ionize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionize
trans_list: ионизировать
sense:
(physical chemistry) To dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged species; to be thus dissociated.


lexentry: eng/ionizing_radiation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionizing radiation
trans_list: ионизирующее излучение
sense:
(physics) High-energy radiation that is capable of causing ionization in substances through which it passes; also includes high-energy particles.


lexentry: eng/ionosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionosphere
trans_list: ионосфе́ра | ионосфера
sense:
The part of the Earth's atmosphere beginning at an altitude of about 50 kilometers (31 miles) and extending outward 500 kilometers (310 miles) or more.


lexentry: eng/iotation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iotation
trans_list: йота́ция | йоти́рование
sense:
(linguistics) A specific occurrence of palatalization that occurred in the Proto-Slavic language, in which a consonant combined with the palatal approximant /j/ to form a palatalized consonant.


lexentry: eng/iridescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iridescence
trans_list: иризация
sense:
The condition or state of being iridescent; exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; a prismatic play of color.


lexentry: eng/iridium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iridium
trans_list: ири́дий | иридий
sense:
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol Ir) with an atomic number of 77: a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group.


lexentry: eng/iris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iris
trans_list: и́рис | каса́тик | ирис
sense:
(botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See w:Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).


lexentry: eng/iris__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: iris
trans_list: и́рис | ра́дужная оболо́чка | ирис
sense:
(anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See w:Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).


lexentry: eng/irksome__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irksome
trans_list: неприятный
sense:
Marked by irritation or annoyance; disagreeable; troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition


lexentry: eng/iron(II)_sulfate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron(II) sulfate
trans_list: сульфат железа(II)
sense:
(inorganic compound) The green, crystalline salt of divalent iron and sulfuric acid, FeSO4, used as a pigment, and in water treatment.


lexentry: eng/iron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron
trans_list: железо | желе́зо | фе́ррум
sense:
(uncountable) A common, inexpensive metal, silvery grey when untarnished, that rusts, is attracted by magnets, and is used in making steel: a chemical element having atomic number 26 and symbol Fe.


lexentry: eng/iron__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron
trans_list: вы́гладить | вы́утюжить | гла́дить | отгла́дить | отутю́жить | погла́дить
sense:
(transitive) To pass an iron over (clothing or some other item made of cloth) in order to remove creases.


lexentry: eng/iron_filings__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron filings
trans_list: железные опилки
sense:
small fragments of iron, filed from a bar; used to visualize the presence of a magnetic field, and as a food additive


lexentry: eng/iron_maiden__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron maiden
trans_list: желе́зная де́ва
sense:
(historical) A falsely or neo-medieval torture device invented in the 18th century consisting of a chamber lined with spikes which closes upon and impales the victim inside.


lexentry: eng/ironing_board__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ironing board
trans_list: глади́льная доска́ | гладильная доска
sense:
A long board, often covered with fabric and having on legs that are usually collapsible, on which one can iron clothes.


lexentry: eng/irony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irony
trans_list: иро́ния | ирония
sense:
(rhetoric) The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.


lexentry: eng/irony__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: irony
trans_list: иро́ния | ирония
sense:
(informal) Contradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected. [from the 1640s]


lexentry: eng/irrational__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: irrational
trans_list: иррациона́льный
sense:
(mathematics, arithmetic, number theory, not comparable) Of a real number, that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers.


lexentry: eng/irrationalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irrationalism
trans_list: иррационали́зм
sense:
A philosophical movement formed as a cultural reaction against positivism in the early 20th century.


lexentry: eng/irregular__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: irregular
trans_list: непра́вильный | неправильный
sense:
(grammar, of a word) not following the regular or expected patterns of inflection in a given language


lexentry: eng/irregularity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: irregularity
trans_list: непра́вильность | нерегуля́рность
sense:
(uncountable) The state or condition of being irregular, or the extent to which something is irregular.


lexentry: eng/irrelevant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irrelevant
trans_list: нева́жный | неподходя́щий | несуще́ственный | неуме́стный
sense:
Not usefully related: not associated in any way that is important or useful to the context being discussed: not materially applicable; having connections not applicable in the present situation.


lexentry: eng/irresponsibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irresponsibility
trans_list: безотве́тственность | безответственность
sense:
The character or state of being irresponsible; lack of or freedom from responsibility; want of accountability.


lexentry: eng/irreverent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irreverent
trans_list: непочти́тельный | неуважи́тельный
sense:
Lacking respect; not having or not showing respect for or seriousness towards something that is usually treated with respect; going against conventional precepts.


lexentry: eng/irrigation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irrigation
trans_list: иррига́ция | ороше́ние
sense:
The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.


lexentry: eng/irritable_bowel_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irritable bowel syndrome
trans_list: синдро́м раздражённого кише́чника
sense:
(pathology) A functional disorder causing the nerves and muscles of the large intestine to be oversensitive, leading to symptoms such as cramp, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation.


lexentry: eng/irritation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: irritation
trans_list: возбужде́ние | раздраже́ние
sense:
A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.


lexentry: eng/isabelline_shrike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isabelline shrike
trans_list: була́ный жула́н | рыжехво́стый жула́н
sense:
Lanius isabellinus, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the red-tailed shrike and the red-backed shrike.


lexentry: eng/ischemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ischemia
trans_list: ишеми́я
sense:
(cardiology, pathology) Local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply (for example, embolism, thrombosis, or vasoconstriction).


lexentry: eng/ischemic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ischemic
trans_list: ишеми́ческий
sense:
(pathology) Characteristic of, or accompanied by, ischemia — localised anaemia due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply, creating a local disturbance in blood circulation.


lexentry: eng/isinglass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isinglass
trans_list: ры́бий клей
sense:
A form of gelatine obtained from the air bladder of the sturgeon and certain other fish, used as an adhesive and as a clarifying agent for wine and beer.


lexentry: eng/island__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: island
trans_list: о́стров | остров
sense:
(by extension, in place names) A contiguous area of land, smaller than a continent, partially surrounded by water; A peninsula; A half-island.


lexentry: eng/island_chain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: island chain
trans_list: цепь [[остров|острово́в]]
sense:
An archipelago consisting of neighboring islands which are roughly aligned, as if chained one to the next.


lexentry: eng/isobutyric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isobutyric acid
trans_list: изома́сляная кислота́
sense:
(fatty acid) 2-methyl-propanoic acid, (CH3)2CHCOOH, an isomer of butyric acid, that occurs in carob beans and croton oil.


lexentry: eng/isochore__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: isochore
trans_list: изохо́ра
sense:
(physics) A line drawn on a graph showing the variation of the pressure of a constant volume of gas as it varies with temperature.


lexentry: eng/isocline__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: isocline
trans_list: изоклина́ль
sense:
(geography, mathematics) A line, curve or function on a graph or map linking points with the same slope or gradient.


lexentry: eng/isolation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isolation
trans_list: затво́рничество | изоля́ция | обособле́ние
sense:
(chiefly, uncountable) The state of being isolated, detached, or separated; the state of being away from other people.


lexentry: eng/isolation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: isolation
trans_list: изоля́ция
sense:
(diplomacy, of a country) The state of not having diplomatic relations with other countries (either with most or all other countries, or with specified other countries).


lexentry: eng/isoleucine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isoleucine
trans_list: изолейцин
sense:
(amino acid) An essential amino acid, C6H13NO2, isomeric with leucine, found in most animal proteins.


lexentry: eng/isomer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isomer
trans_list: изоме́р | изомер
sense:
(chemistry) Any of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structure.


lexentry: eng/isomer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: isomer
trans_list: изоме́р
sense:
(physics) Any of two or more atomic nuclei with the same mass number and atomic number but with different radioactive properties.


lexentry: eng/isomerism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isomerism
trans_list: изомери́я
sense:
(chemistry) the phenomenon of the existence of isomers - the existence of different substances with the same molecular formulae


lexentry: eng/isometric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: isometric
trans_list: изометрический
sense:
(physiology) Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same. See also: Wikipedia:isometric exercise


lexentry: eng/isometric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: isometric
trans_list: изохорный
sense:
(physics, of a thermodynamic process) Taking place at constant volume because of being confined by rigid boundaries.


lexentry: eng/isomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: isomorphism
trans_list: изоморфи́зм | изоморфизм
sense:
(category theory) A morphism which has a two-sided inverse; the composition of the morphism and such an inverse yields either one of two identity morphisms (depending on the order of composition).


lexentry: eng/isomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: isomorphism
trans_list: изоморфизм
sense:
(group algebra) A bijection f such that both f and its inverse f −1 are homomorphisms, that is, structure-preserving mappings.


lexentry: eng/isoprene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isoprene
trans_list: изопре́н
sense:
(organic compound) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C5H8, that is readily polymerized; natural rubber (caoutchouc) is cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and trans-1,4-polyisoprene is present in gutta-percha and balata; it is the structural basis for the terpenes.


lexentry: eng/isotherm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isotherm
trans_list: изоте́рма
sense:
A line on a graph or chart, such as a weather map, along which all the points have the same temperature.


lexentry: eng/isotone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isotone
trans_list: изотон
sense:
(nuclear physics) Any of a number of nuclides of different elements that have the same number of neutrons.


lexentry: eng/isotope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isotope
trans_list: изото́п | изотоп
sense:
(nuclear physics) Any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.


lexentry: eng/isotropy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isotropy
trans_list: изотропи́я
sense:
(geometry, physics) The property of being identical, or having the same physical properties, in all directions.


lexentry: eng/issue__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: issue
trans_list: вы́пуск | изда́ние | пото́мок | пото́мство
sense:
The entire set of some item printed and disseminated during a certain period, particularly (publishing) a single printing of a particular edition of a work when contrasted with other print runs.


lexentry: eng/issue__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: issue
trans_list: вопро́с | пробле́ма | пункт | те́ма
sense:
(US, originally, _, psychology, usually, in the plural) A psychological or emotional difficulty, (now, _, informal, figurative, _, and, _) any problem or concern considered as a vague and intractable difficulty.


lexentry: eng/issue__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: issue
trans_list: вопро́с | пото́мок | пото́мство | пробле́ма | пункт
sense:
(law) A point of law or fact in dispute or question in a legal action presented for resolution by the court.


lexentry: eng/isthmus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: isthmus
trans_list: ребро́
sense:
(graph theory) An edge in a graph whose deletion increases the number of connected components of the graph.


lexentry: eng/it's_a_small_world__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it's a small world
trans_list: мир те́сен
sense:
Used to express surprise at meeting an acquaintance or discovering a personal connection in a distant place or an unexpected context.


lexentry: eng/it__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it
trans_list: он | она́ | оно́ | э́то
sense:
The third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer to an inanimate object, abstract entity, or non-human living thing.


lexentry: eng/it__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: it
trans_list: э́то | оно
sense:
The impersonal pronoun, used without referent as the subject of an impersonal verb or statement (known as the dummy pronoun, dummy it or weather it).


lexentry: eng/it__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: it
trans_list: оно | это
sense:
The impersonal pronoun, used without referent, or with unstated but contextually implied referent, in various short idioms or expressions.


lexentry: eng/it__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: it
trans_list: её | е́ю | его́ | ей | ему́ | им
sense:
The impersonal pronoun, used as a placeholder for a delayed subject, or less commonly, object; known as the dummy pronoun (according to some definitions), anticipatory it or, more formally in linguistics, a syntactic expletive. The delayed subject is commonly a to-infinitive, a gerund, or a noun clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction.


lexentry: eng/it_figures__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it figures
trans_list: логи́чно | немудрено́ | неудиви́тельно
sense:
(idiomatic, North America) Used to indicate that a preceding event or statement by another is an unsurprising accompaniment of known facts and circumstances.


sense_num: 01
sense: (Christianity, Biblical) It is unlikely that the wealthy will go to heaven.
trans_list: ле́гче верблю́ду пройти́ сквозь иго́льное ушко́, чем богачу́ войти́ в ца́рствие небе́сное
lexentry:
eng/it_is_easier_for_a_camel_to_go_through_the_eye_of_a_needle_than_for_a_rich_man_to_enter_into_the_kingdom_of_God__Proverb__1

written_rep:
it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God


lexentry: eng/it_takes_all_kinds_to_make_a_world__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it takes all kinds to make a world
trans_list: мир, что огород: в нём всё растёт
sense:
(idiom) Diversity is essential: the world would be incomplete if everyone were alike; an expression of surprise at a person or people's eccentricity.


lexentry: eng/it_takes_one_to_know_one__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it takes one to know one
trans_list: каждый судит по себе
sense:
(idiomatic) expressing the same underlying character-judgment themes as pot calling the kettle black or set a thief to catch a thief.


lexentry: eng/it_takes_two_to_tango__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it takes two to tango
trans_list: для та́нго нужны́ дво́е
sense:
(idiomatic) Some things need the active cooperation of two parties; blame is to be laid on both parties in a conflict.


lexentry: eng/itch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: itch
trans_list: зуд | зуде́ние | свербе́ние | свербёж
sense:
A sensation felt on an area of the skin that causes a person or animal to want to scratch said area.


lexentry: eng/itch__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: itch
trans_list: горе́ть жела́нием | жа́ждать | рва́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To have a constant, teasing urge; to feel strongly motivated; to want or desire something.


lexentry: eng/itchy_trigger_finger__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: itchy trigger finger
trans_list: руки чешутся
sense:
(idiomatic) The metaphorical trigger finger of a person with a tendency or readiness to act in haste or without consideration; a tendency to so act.


lexentry: eng/iterative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iterative
trans_list: итерати́вный
sense:
Of a procedure that involves repetition of steps (iteration) to achieve the desired outcome; in computing this may involve a mechanism such as a loop.


lexentry: eng/iterative_aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iterative aspect
trans_list: многокра́тный вид
sense:
(grammar) A subclass of imperfective verbs that denote a continuously repeated action. An example in English would be the iterative verb sniffle, as opposed to the noniterative sniff.


lexentry: eng/ithyphallic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ithyphallic
trans_list: итифалли́ческий
sense:
Of or pertaining to an upward pointing, erect penis; (specifically) of an artistic depiction of a deity or other figure: possessing an erect penis.


lexentry: eng/itself__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: itself
trans_list: -ся | сам [[себя́]] | себя́
sense:
(reflexive pronoun) it; A thing as the object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject


lexentry: eng/itself__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: itself
trans_list: -ся | [[оно́]] [[сам|само́]] | сам [[себя́]] | себя́
sense:
(emphatic) it; used to intensify the subject, especially to emphasize that it is the only participant in the predicate


lexentry: eng/ivory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ivory
trans_list: слоно́вая кость | слоновая кость
sense:
(uncountable) The hard white form of dentin which forms the tusks of elephants, walruses and other animals.


lexentry: eng/ivory_tower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ivory tower
trans_list: ба́шня из слоно́вой ко́сти
sense:
(idiomatic) A sheltered, overly-academic existence or perspective, implying a disconnection or lack of awareness of reality or practical considerations.


lexentry: eng/jabiru__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jabiru
trans_list: яби́ру
sense:
A species of bird Jabiru mycteria in the monotypic genus Jabiru, of the stork family Ciconiidae, endemic to the Americas.


lexentry: eng/jacana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jacana
trans_list: яка́на
sense:
Any of a group of wading birds in the family Jacanidae, usually having long toes and claws, and found throughout the world.


lexentry: eng/jack-in-the-box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jack-in-the-box
trans_list: чёрт из табаке́рки | чёртик из коро́бочки
sense:
Children’s toy consisting of a small box from which a male figure pops out unexpectedly after some turnings of a crank.


lexentry: eng/jack-o'-lantern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jack-o'-lantern
trans_list: Светильник Джек | фонарь из тыквы
sense:
A carved pumpkin whose top and stem have been cut out and interior removed, leaving a hollow shell that is then decorated to represent a face, illuminated from within by a candle. It is a symbol of Halloween.


lexentry: eng/jack__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jack
trans_list: гнездо́ | разъём
sense:
(electronics) A switch for a jack plug, a jackknife switch; (more generally) a socket used to connect a device to a circuit, network etc. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/jack__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jack
trans_list: домкра́т | гнездо́ | разъём
sense:
A mechanical device used to raise and (temporarily) support a heavy object, now especially to lift one side of a motor vehicle when (e.g.) changing a tyre. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/jack__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: jack
trans_list: гюйс | иша́к | осёл
sense:
(nautical) A small ship's flag used as a signal or identifying device; a small flag flown at the bow of the vessel. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/jack_mackerel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jack mackerel
trans_list: ставри́да
sense:
Any of various edible fish, especially of genus Trachurus, but also genera Caranx, Acanthocybium and Euthynnus.


lexentry: eng/jack_of_all_trades,_master_of_none__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jack of all trades, master of none
sense:
(idiomatic) A person who has a competent grasp of many skills but who is not outstanding in any one.

trans_list:
автофотовеломототелерадиомонтёр | за всё берётся, да не всё удаётся | подмасте́рье всех ремёсел, ма́стер ни одного́


lexentry: eng/jackal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jackal
trans_list: шака́л | шакал
sense:
Any of certain wild canids of the genera Lupulella and Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf.


lexentry: eng/jackalope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jackalope
trans_list: рогатый заяц
sense:
A folkloric animal, a supposed cross between a jackrabbit and an antelope, goat, or deer, usually portrayed as a rabbit with antlers.


lexentry: eng/jacket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jacket
trans_list: жаке́т | ку́ртка
sense:
A piece of clothing worn on the upper body outside a shirt or blouse, often waist length to thigh length.


lexentry: eng/jackhammer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jackhammer
trans_list: отбо́йный молото́к | пневмати́ческий бури́льный молото́к
sense:
A portable percussive power tool that combines a hammer and chisel used to drill or break hard matter, for instance rock or concrete.


lexentry: eng/jade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jade
trans_list: жад | жадеи́т | нефри́т
sense:
A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.


lexentry: eng/jadeite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jadeite
trans_list: жадеи́т | жадеит
sense:
(mineral) A pyroxene mineral, a sodium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6, found in metamorphic rocks.


lexentry: eng/jaggery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jaggery
trans_list: [[па́льмовый]] [[са́хар-сыре́ц]] | са́хар-сыре́ц
sense:
A traditional dark-brown unrefined sugar made from palm tree sap which is used throughout South and Southeast Asia; (by extension) other types of unrefined sugar.


lexentry: eng/jaguarundi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jaguarundi
trans_list: ягуару́нди
sense:
A medium-sized Central and South American wild cat, Puma yagouaroundi, Herpailurus yagouaroundi or Felis yagouaroundi.


lexentry: eng/jail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jail
trans_list: тюрьма
sense:
A place or institution for the confinement of persons held against their will in lawful custody or detention, especially (in US usage) a place where people are held for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.


lexentry: eng/jailbait__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jailbait
trans_list: лоли́та | нимфетка
sense:
(slang) A sexually mature person below, or appearing to be below, the legal age of consent, who is regarded, usually by an adult, as being sexually attractive and/or seductive.


lexentry: eng/jalousie__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jalousie
trans_list: жалюзи́
sense:
Upward sloping window slats which form a blind or shutter, allowing light and air in but excluding rain and direct sun.


lexentry: eng/jam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jam
trans_list: джем | варе́нье | конфитю́р | мармела́д | пови́дло
sense:
(less common in the, _, US) A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used in jam tarts.


lexentry: eng/jam__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: jam
trans_list: глуши́ть | заглуши́ть
sense:
To block or confuse a radio or radar signal by transmitting a more-powerful signal on the same frequency.


lexentry: eng/jam_session__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jam session
trans_list: джем-се́йшен
sense:
(music) An informal gathering of musicians to play music, especially improvised jazz or a similar genre.


lexentry: eng/jamb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jamb
trans_list: кося́к
sense:
(architecture, interior decorating, carpentry) Either of the vertical components that form the side of an opening in a wall, such as that of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace.


lexentry: eng/jambalaya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jambalaya
trans_list: джамбала́йя
sense:
Any of various of rice-based dishes common in Louisiana Cajun or Creole cooking; most often with shrimp, oysters, chicken or ham.


lexentry: eng/janissary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: janissary
trans_list: яныча́р | янычар
sense:
(historical) An infantry soldier, often of European Christian background from the Balkans as well as Eastern Europe and forcibly converted to Islam, in a former elite Turkish (Ottoman) guard (disbanded in 1826); (by extension) any Turkish soldier, particularly one escorting a traveller.


lexentry: eng/janitor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: janitor
trans_list: дво́рник
sense:
(Scotland) A caretaker or custodian; someone who maintains a school building specifically and may serve other administrative roles.


lexentry: eng/jar__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jar
trans_list: ба́нка | кувши́н | скля́нка
sense:
A small, approximately cylindrical container, normally made of clay or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes.


lexentry: eng/jasmine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jasmine
trans_list: жасми́н | жасмин
sense:
Any of several plants, of the genus Jasminum, mostly native to Asia, having fragrant white or yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/jasper__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jasper
trans_list: я́спис | я́шма | яшма
sense:
An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking conchoidally with a smooth surface.


lexentry: eng/jaundice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jaundice
trans_list: желту́ха | желтуха
sense:
(pathology) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine. [from early 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/javelin_throw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: javelin throw
trans_list: метание копья
sense:
(athletics) An athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is the javelin, a spear-like object made of metal, fiberglass and, in some cases, kyshashrek.


lexentry: eng/jaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: jaw
trans_list: че́люсть
sense:
One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them.


lexentry: eng/jaywalk__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jaywalk
sense:
(chiefly, US, legal) To behave as a jaywalker; to violate pedestrian traffic regulations by crossing a street away from a designated crossing or to walk in the part of the street intended for vehicles rather than on the sidewalk.

trans_list:
[[зева́ть]] по [[сторона|сторона́м]] | [[неосторо́жно]] [[переходи́ть]] [[улица|у́лицу]] | [[переходи́ть]] [[дорога|доро́гу]] в [[неположенный|неполо́женном]] [[место|ме́сте]]


lexentry: eng/jaywalker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jaywalker
trans_list: [[неосторо́жный]] [[пешехо́д]]
sense:
(US) A person who violates pedestrian traffic regulations by crossing a street away from a designated crossing or who walks on the part of the street intended for vehicles instead of the part designated for pedestrians.


lexentry: eng/jazz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jazz
trans_list: джаз
sense:
(music genre) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.


lexentry: eng/jealous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jealous
trans_list: ревни́вый | ревну́ющий | ревнивый
sense:
Suspecting rivalry in love; troubled by worries that one might have been replaced in someone's affections; suspicious of a lover's or spouse's fidelity. [from 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/jealous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jealous
trans_list: ре́вностный | ревнивый
sense:
Protective; zealously guarding; careful in the protection of something (or someone) one has or appreciates, especially one's spouse or lover. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/jealous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: jealous
trans_list: зави́стливый | зави́дующий
sense:
Envious; feeling resentful or angered toward someone for a perceived advantage or success, material or otherwise. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/jeer__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jeer
trans_list: вы́смеять | высме́ивать | глуми́ться | насмеха́ться
sense:
(intransitive, with at) To utter sarcastic or mocking comments; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language.


lexentry: eng/jejunum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jejunum
trans_list: то́щая кишка́
sense:
(anatomy) The central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum


lexentry: eng/jelly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jelly
trans_list: желе́ | желе
sense:
(New Zealand, Australia, British) A dessert made by boiling gelatine, sugar and some flavouring (often derived from fruit) and allowing it to set, known as "jello" in North America.


lexentry: eng/jelly__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jelly
trans_list: желе́ | желе
sense:
(North America, Britain (certain specific usages)) A clear or translucent fruit preserve, made from fruit juice and set using either naturally occurring, or added, pectin. Normally known as "jam" in Commonwealth English but see redcurrant jelly and jeely.


lexentry: eng/jelly_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jelly bean
trans_list: желе́йный боб
sense:
A small, bean-shaped, chewy candy/sweet with a firm coating and a jelly-like center, made of sugar, flavoring, coloring and sometimes starch or other thickener, and usually sold assorted in a wide variety of flavors and bright colors.


lexentry: eng/jellyfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jellyfish
trans_list: меду́за | медуза
sense:
An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance.


lexentry: eng/jequirity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jequirity
trans_list: чёточник | чёточник моли́твенный
sense:
Abrus precatorius, a legume native to Indonesia with long, pinnate-leafleted leaves, whose toxic seeds ("jequirity bean") may be used as beads or in percussion instruments.


lexentry: eng/jerboa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jerboa
trans_list: тушка́нчик
sense:
Any of a number of species comprising most of the family Dipodidae, native to the deserts of Asia and northern Africa, being a small, jumping rodent with a long tufted tail, very small forefeet and very long hind legs.


lexentry: eng/jeremiad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jeremiad
trans_list: Иеремиа́да
sense:
A long speech or prose work that bitterly laments the state of society and its morals, and often contains a prophecy of its coming downfall.


lexentry: eng/jerk__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: jerk
trans_list: гад | гни́да | деби́л | муда́к | негодя́й | подле́ц
sense:
(originally, North America, slang, pejorative) A person with unlikable or obnoxious qualities and behavior, typically mean, self-centered, or disagreeable; an arsehole.


lexentry: eng/jerkin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jerkin
trans_list: жилет
sense:
(historical) A type of men's garment popular in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a close-fitting collarless jacket, with or without sleeves.


lexentry: eng/jersey__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jersey
trans_list: футбо́лка
sense:
(countable, US) A shirt worn by a member of an athletic team, usually oversized, typically depicting the athlete's name and team number as well as the team's logotype.


lexentry: eng/jet_bridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet bridge
trans_list: палец
sense:
(aviation) An elevated corridor connecting an airport to a plane, usually enclosed and used for disembarking and embarking passengers and crew.


lexentry: eng/jet_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet engine
trans_list: реакти́вный дви́гатель
sense:
An engine that obtains thrust by taking in air at the front, using it to burn fuel, then ejecting the hot combustion products at the rear through a propulsive nozzle.


lexentry: eng/jet_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jet engine
trans_list: реакти́вный дви́гатель
sense:
Any engine propelled by expelling a high speed fluid jet (jet propulsion), such as a rocket, turbojet, turbofan, ramjet, etc.


lexentry: eng/jet_lag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet lag
trans_list: десинхрони́я | джетла́г
sense:
(aviation) A physical condition caused by crossing time zones during flight; often the result of disruption to the circadian rhythms of the body.


lexentry: eng/jet_pack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet pack
trans_list: раке́тный ра́нец | реакти́вный ра́нец
sense:
(aviation) A piece of equipment that may be strapped to a person’s back and generate vertical thrust by a downward discharge of jet fluid, thereby rendering the person capable of flight.


lexentry: eng/jet_ski__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet ski
trans_list: водный мотоцикл | гидроци́кл
sense:
A small motorized watercraft with a flattish hull and an upright centre, which a rider sits astride.


lexentry: eng/jet_stream__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet stream
trans_list: стру́йное тече́ние
sense:
(meteorology) any of the high-speed, high-altitude air currents that circle the Earth in a westerly direction


lexentry: eng/jetty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jetty
trans_list: волноре́з | мол
sense:
A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor or beach.


lexentry: eng/jetty__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: jetty
trans_list: э́ркер
sense:
(architecture) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.


lexentry: eng/jewbush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jewbush
trans_list: педилантус
sense:
The low-growing tropical American shrub Euphorbia tithymaloides (formerly Pedilanthus tithymaloides).


lexentry: eng/jewel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jewel
trans_list: драгоце́нность
sense:
A valuable object used for personal ornamentation, especially one made of precious metals and stones; a piece of jewellery.


lexentry: eng/jewellery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jewellery
trans_list: [[ювелирный|ювели́рные]] [[изделие|изде́лия]] | бижуте́рия | драгоце́нности | украше́ния
sense:
Collectively, personal ornamentation such as rings, necklaces, brooches and bracelets, made of precious metals and sometimes set with gemstones.


lexentry: eng/jiangshi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jiangshi
trans_list: цзянши
sense:
A reanimated corpse in Chinese legend, which moves around by hopping with its arms outstretched, and kills living creatures to absorb their life force.


lexentry: eng/jiaozi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jiaozi
trans_list: гёдза | пельме́ни | цзя́оцзы
sense:
A Chinese crescent-shaped dumpling filled with a minced stuffing and steamed, boiled or fried; the Chinese equivalent of the Japanese gyoza.


lexentry: eng/jiffy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jiffy
trans_list: [[систе́мный]] тик
sense:
(computing) A unit of time defined by the frequency of its basic timer – historically, and by convention, 0.01 of a second, but some computer operating systems use other values.


lexentry: eng/jig__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: jig
trans_list: джи́га
sense:
(traditional English Morris, _, dancing) A dance performed by one or sometimes two individual dancers, as opposed to a dance performed by a set or team.


lexentry: eng/jig__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: jig
trans_list: блесна́
sense:
(fishing) A type of lure consisting of a hook molded into a weight, usually with a bright or colorful body.


lexentry: eng/jigger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jigger
trans_list: палец
sense:
(US) A double-ended vessel, generally of stainless steel or other metal, one end of which typically measures 1½ fluid ounces (approx. 44 ml), the other typically 1 fluid ounce (approx. 30 ml).


lexentry: eng/jigsaw_puzzle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jigsaw puzzle
trans_list: пазл | головоло́мка | моза́ика | складна́я карти́нка
sense:
A type of puzzle in which the aim is to reconstruct a picture that has been cut (originally, with a jigsaw) into many small interlocking pieces.


lexentry: eng/jimsonweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jimsonweed
trans_list: дурма́н | дурма́н воню́чий | дурма́н обыкнове́нный
sense:
(US) A poisonous plant of the Datura stramonium species, part of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family, occasionally ingested as a hallucinogen.


lexentry: eng/jingle_bell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jingle bell
trans_list: бубенец
sense:
A small, hollow, spherical metal bell with a narrow slit opening or small holes, containing a loose ball or rod as a clapper, which is attached to a horse's harness as a signal, or (percussion instrument) used as a musical instrument.


lexentry: eng/jingoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jingoism
trans_list: джингои́зм | казённый патриоти́зм | квасно́й патриоти́зм | ла́потный патриоти́зм | ура́-патриоти́зм
sense:
(uncountable) Excessive patriotism or aggressive nationalism, especially with regards to foreign policy.


lexentry: eng/jingoist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jingoist
trans_list: джингои́ст | джингои́стка | ура́-патрио́т | ура́-патрио́тка
sense:
One who advocates an aggressive nationalism; one who vociferously supports a nation's military aims.


lexentry: eng/jinn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jinn
trans_list: джинн
sense:
(Arabic culture) A human-like spiritual or immaterial being, as opposed to al-ins (people), often invisible but able to manifest in form and also inhabit people or animals; origin of the genie of Western literature, film etc.


lexentry: eng/jive__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jive
trans_list: плясать
sense:
(intransitive, colloquial) To dance, originally to jive or swing music; later, to jazz, rock and roll, rhythm and blues, disco, etc.


lexentry: eng/jizya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jizya
trans_list: джи́зья
sense:
(Islam, historical) A per capita tax levied on a section of an Islamic state's non-Muslim citizens, who meet certain criteria.


lexentry: eng/job__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: job
trans_list: де́ло | зада́ние | зада́ча | рабо́та
sense:
(computing) A task, or series of tasks, carried out in batch mode (especially on a mainframe computer).


lexentry: eng/job_interview__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: job interview
trans_list: интервью́ | собесе́дование
sense:
A formal interview in which a job applicant must answer questions, especially in a professional manner, to determine whether they are suitable for the job applied for.


lexentry: eng/job_title__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: job title
trans_list: назва́ние до́лжности
sense:
A specific designation of a post within an organization, normally associated with a job description that details the tasks and responsibilities that go with it.


lexentry: eng/jockstrap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jockstrap
trans_list: суспензо́рий
sense:
(sports) An athletic supporter worn by men and boys to support the genitals during strenuous exercise.


lexentry: eng/john__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: john
trans_list: ну́жник | сорти́р | толчо́к
sense:
(slang, US) A device or place to urinate and defecate: now usually a toilet or lavatory, but also (dated) a chamber pot or outhouse.


lexentry: eng/joint-stock_company__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joint-stock company
trans_list: АО | акционе́рное о́бщество
sense:
(business, finance, legal, UK) A company with transferable ownership interests and limited shareholder liability.


lexentry: eng/joint-stock_company__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: joint-stock company
trans_list: АО | акционе́рное о́бщество
sense:
(business, finance, legal, US) A company with transferable ownership interests and unlimited shareholder liability.


lexentry: eng/joint__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: joint
trans_list: суста́в | диартро́з | дом | заведе́ние | каба́к | сочлене́ние
sense:
(anatomy) Any part of the body where two bones join, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.


lexentry: eng/joint__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: joint
trans_list: стык
sense:
A cut of meat, especially (but not necessarily) (a) one containing a joint in the sense of an articulation or (b) one rolled up and tied.


lexentry: eng/joint__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: joint
trans_list: дом | заведе́ние | каба́к
sense:
(chiefly, US, _, slang, may be somewhat, _, pejorative) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries; sometimes extended to any place that is a focus of human connection or activity (e.g., schools, hangouts, party spots).


lexentry: eng/joint_lock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joint lock
trans_list: ключ
sense:
(combat sports) Any lock designed to hyperextend one of the joints of the body, leading to pain and/or injury.


lexentry: eng/joint_venture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joint venture
trans_list: СП | совме́стное предприя́тие
sense:
A cooperative partnership between two individuals or businesses in which profits and risks are shared.


lexentry: eng/joist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joist
trans_list: балка
sense:
A piece of timber or steel laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed.


lexentry: eng/joker__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: joker
trans_list: джо́кер | джокер
sense:
A playing card that features a picture of a joker (that is, a jester) and that may be used as a wild card in some card games.


lexentry: eng/jot__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jot
trans_list: набра́сывать | наброса́ть | черка́ть | черкну́ть | чёркать
sense:
(transitive) Chiefly followed by down: to write (something) quickly; to make a brief note of (something).


lexentry: eng/jotun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jotun
trans_list: ётун
sense:
(Norse mythology) A member of a race of giants who usually stand in opposition to the Æsir and especially to Thor.


lexentry: eng/joule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joule
trans_list: джо́уль | джоуль
sense:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of energy, work and heat; the work required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one metre. Equivalent to one watt of power for a duration of one second. Symbol: J


lexentry: eng/jour_fixe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jour fixe
trans_list: Журфикс
sense:
(arts) A series of presentations and/or performances, discussions or similar events that happen on a fixed day every month (or similar; for example "every second Sunday of a month"). Used mainly by cultural and artistic organizations.


lexentry: eng/journal__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: journal
trans_list: журна́л
sense:
(computing) A chronological record of changes made to a database or other system; along with a backup or image copy that allows recovery after a failure or reinstatement to a previous time; a log.


lexentry: eng/joust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joust
trans_list: поеди́нок | турни́р
sense:
A tilting match: a mock combat between two mounted knights or men-at-arms using lances in the lists or enclosed field.


lexentry: eng/joy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joy
trans_list: весе́лье | ра́дость | радость
sense:
A feeling of extreme happiness or cheerfulness, especially related to the acquisition or expectation of something good.


lexentry: eng/joystick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joystick
trans_list: джо́йстик
sense:
A mechanical device consisting of a handgrip mounted on a base or pedestal and typically having one or more buttons, used to control an aircraft, computer, or other equipment.


lexentry: eng/jubilee__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jubilee
trans_list: юбиле́й
sense:
A major anniversary of an event, particularly the fiftieth (50th) anniversary of a coronation or marriage. [from late 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/judge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: judge
trans_list: судья́ | судья
sense:
A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice.


lexentry: eng/judgement_day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: judgement day
trans_list: стра́шный суд | су́дный день
sense:
(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The final trial of all humankind, both the living and the dead, by God expected to take place at the end of the world, when each is rewarded or punished according to their merits; the Final Judgment, the Last Judgment.


lexentry: eng/judgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: judgment
trans_list: осужде́ние | сужде́ние
sense:
The power or faculty of performing such operations; especially, when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely


lexentry: eng/judgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: judgment
trans_list: осужде́ние | проце́сс | разбира́тельство | сужде́ние
sense:
(legal) The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge.


lexentry: eng/judgment_call__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: judgment call
trans_list: вердикт
sense:
Any decision or other determination based on subjective criteria, especially one which takes into account the particular circumstances of a situation.


lexentry: eng/jug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jug
trans_list: графи́н | жбан | кувши́н
sense:
A serving vessel or container, typically circular in cross-section and typically higher than it is wide, with a relatively small mouth or spout, an ear handle and often a stopper or top.


lexentry: eng/juggle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juggle
trans_list: жонгли́ровать
sense:
To manipulate objects, such as balls, clubs, beanbags, rings, etc. in an artful or artistic manner. Juggling may also include assorted other circus skills such as the diabolo, devil sticks, hat, and cigar box manipulation as well.


lexentry: eng/juggling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juggling
trans_list: жонглёрство | жонгли́рование
sense:
The art of moving objects, such as balls, clubs, beanbags, rings, etc. in an artful or artistic manner.


lexentry: eng/jugular_vein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jugular vein
trans_list: яре́мная ве́на
sense:
(anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood.


lexentry: eng/jujitsu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jujitsu
trans_list: джиу-джи́тсу | дзюдзю́цу
sense:
A method of self-defence established in Japan emphasizing “jū” (soft or gentle) “jutsu” (art or technique). Japanese martial art that utilizes a large variety of techniques in defense against an opponent.


lexentry: eng/jukebox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jukebox
trans_list: музыка́льный автома́т | проигрыватель-автомат
sense:
A coin-operated machine that plays recorded music; it has push-buttons to make selections. [from 1939]


lexentry: eng/julienne__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (transitive) To prepare by cutting in this way.
written_rep: julienne
trans_list:
[[наре́зать]] [[соломка|соло́мкой]] | [[нареза́ть]] [[соломка|соло́мкой]] | [[ре́зать]] [[соломка|соло́мкой]]


lexentry: eng/jump-start__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jump-start
trans_list: понтировать
sense:
(transitive) To start a motor vehicle by passing an electrical current from a charged battery to the discharged ("dead" or "flat") battery of the vehicle being started, by using booster cables to temporarily connect the two batteries in parallel.


lexentry: eng/jump__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: jump
trans_list: прыжо́к | скачо́к
sense:
(mathematics) A discontinuity in the graph of a function, where the function is continuous in a punctured interval of the discontinuity.


lexentry: eng/jump__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jump
trans_list: пры́гать | пры́гнуть | скака́ть | скакну́ть
sense:
(intransitive) To propel oneself rapidly upward, downward and/or in any horizontal direction such that momentum causes the body to become airborne.


lexentry: eng/jump__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: jump
trans_list: вздра́гивать | вздро́гнуть | вска́кивать | вскочи́ть | подпры́гивать | подпрыгнуть
sense:
(intransitive) To react to a sudden, often unexpected, stimulus (such as a sharp prick or a loud sound) by jerking the body violently.


lexentry: eng/jump__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: jump
trans_list: перепры́гивать | перепры́гнуть | перескакивать | перескочить
sense:
(intransitive) To employ a move in certain board games where one game piece is moved from one legal position to another passing over the position of another piece.


lexentry: eng/jump_scare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jump scare
trans_list: скример
sense:
(narratology) The technique, typically used in horror films and video games, of having something occur suddenly and without warning to frighten the audience.


lexentry: eng/jumping_jack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jumping jack
trans_list: звёздочка
sense:
A physical exercise performed by jumping to a position with the legs spread wide and the hands touching overhead and then returning to a position with the feet together and the arms at the sides.


lexentry: eng/jumping_spider__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jumping spider
trans_list: пау́к-скаку́нчик
sense:
Any of very many spiders, of the family Salticidae, that jump from place to place with the aid of a silk tether.


lexentry: eng/junction__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: junction
trans_list: соедине́ние
sense:
The boundary between two physically different materials, especially between conductors, semiconductors, or metals.


lexentry: eng/jungle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jungle
trans_list: джу́нгли | джунгли
sense:
A large, undeveloped, humid forest, especially in a tropical region, that is home to many wild plants and animals; a tropical rainforest.


lexentry: eng/jungle_gym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jungle gym
trans_list: констру́кция для ла́зания | сте́нка для ла́зания
sense:
(US, Israel) A play structure designed for children to climb on, traditionally constructed as a frame of metal bars as introduced in 1920.


lexentry: eng/juniper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juniper
trans_list: арча́ | можжеве́льник | ядло́вец
sense:
Any shrub or tree of the genus Juniperus of the cypress family, which is characterized by pointed, needle-like leaves and aromatic berry-like cones.


lexentry: eng/junk_mail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: junk mail
sense:
(post) Any mail or letters that are not welcome or solicited and typically sent in bulk; especially mail of a commercial nature such as advertising circulars and form letters.

trans_list:
джанк-ме́йл | макулату́рная по́чта | нежела́тельная по́чта | почто́вая макулату́ра | почто́вый му́сор


lexentry: eng/junket__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: junket
trans_list: приятная пое́здка | увеселительная пое́здка за казённый счёт
sense:
A pleasure-trip; a journey made for feasting or enjoyment, now especially a trip made ostensibly for business but which entails merrymaking or entertainment.


lexentry: eng/juridical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juridical
trans_list: юридический
sense:
Pertaining to the law or rule of law, legal; judicial, related to the administration of justice (as to jurisprudence, or to the function of a judge or court).


lexentry: eng/jury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jury
trans_list: присяжный | суд прися́жных
sense:
(law) A group of individuals chosen from the general population to hear and decide a case in a court of law.


lexentry: eng/jussive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jussive
trans_list: юсси́в
sense:
(grammar, uncountable, and, countable) The jussive mood, a verb inflection used to indicate a command, permission or agreement with a request; an instance of a verb so inflected.


lexentry: eng/just_a_minute__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: just a minute
trans_list: мину́точку
sense:
(idiomatic) Stop; wait; hold on. Used to interrupt speech or proceedings so that one can make a comment or query.


lexentry: eng/just_a_second__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: just a second
trans_list: секу́ндочку
sense:
(idiomatic) Stop; wait. Used to indicate that the speaker wishes the previous speaker or the proceedings to stop so that he or she can comment on what has been said or has happened so far.


lexentry: eng/justification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: justification
trans_list: оправда́ние
sense:
(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.


lexentry: eng/justification__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: justification
trans_list: выра́внивание
sense:
(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).


lexentry: eng/justify__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: justify
trans_list: вы́ровнять | выра́внивать
sense:
(transitive, typography) To arrange (text) on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned.


lexentry: eng/jute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jute
trans_list: джут
sense:
The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian plants, Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis, used to make mats, paper, gunny cloth etc.


lexentry: eng/kaboom__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaboom
trans_list: ба-ба́х | баба́х | бах | бац | бум | бух
sense:
(mimesis) An explosion; the word is typically seen in comic strips or heard in a light-hearted conversation.


lexentry: eng/kabuki__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kabuki
trans_list: кабу́ки | кабуки
sense:
(often, capitalized) A form of Japanese theatre in which elaborately costumed male performers use stylized movements, dances, and songs in order to enact tragedies and comedies.


lexentry: eng/kachelofen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kachelofen
trans_list: изразцо́вая печь
sense:
A German type of ceramic tile stove or cocklestove which captures heat from periodic burning of fuel such as wood and radiates it over a long period to heat a living space.


lexentry: eng/kaddish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaddish
trans_list: кадиш
sense:
(Judaism) A Jewish prayer of praise to God recited during services, and specifically when mourning the death of a close relative.


lexentry: eng/kaffir__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: kaffir
trans_list: кафр
sense:
(countable, South Africa, Rhodesia, ethnic slur, offensive, derogatory) A black person. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/kafir__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kafir
trans_list: гяу́р | ка́фи́р | кя́фи́р
sense:
(Islam, countable, offensive, religious slur, political) A disbeliever, a denier: someone who rejects or disbelieves in Allah or the tenets of Islam; or more broadly any non-Muslim.


lexentry: eng/kailan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kailan
trans_list: гайла́нь
sense:
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, a long, blue-green vegetable with thick, glossy stems and leaves typically eaten in Chinese and particularly Cantonese cooking.


lexentry: eng/kakapo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kakapo
trans_list: какапо́ | сови́ный попуга́й
sense:
A large flightless parrot, Strigops habroptila, with greenish plumage, that is nocturnal and native to New Zealand.


lexentry: eng/kakistocracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kakistocracy
trans_list: какистокра́тия
sense:
(political science) Government under the control of a nation's worst or least-qualified citizens. [from 1829.]


lexentry: eng/kakuro__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kakuro
trans_list: какуро
sense:
(games) A type of number puzzle, similar to a crossword but with numbers. Each "clue" is the sum of the digits to be placed in its group of squares, and no digit can be repeated within a group.


lexentry: eng/kalach__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kalach
trans_list: кала́ч | кола́ч
sense:
Traditional East Slavic bread shaped like a padlock or various kinds of wheels. Other Slavic nations have similar but not identical types of pastry, e.g. Czech or Slovak koláč/koláč, Polish kołacz, Bulgarian колач, Serbo-Croatian колач/kolač, etc.


lexentry: eng/kale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kale
trans_list: браунко́ль | грюнко́ль | кале́ | листова́я капу́ста
sense:
An edible plant, similar to cabbage, with curled leaves that do not form a dense head (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)


lexentry: eng/kaleidoscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaleidoscope
trans_list: калейдоско́п | калейдоскоп
sense:
An instrument consisting of a tube containing mirrors and loose, colourful beads or other objects; when the tube is looked into and rotated, a succession of symmetrical designs can be seen. [from 1817]


lexentry: eng/kalima__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kalima
trans_list: кали́ма | калима́
sense:
(Islam) the formal content of the shahada (declaration of faith): لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."


lexentry: eng/kalokagathia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kalokagathia
trans_list: калокага́тия | калокагати́я
sense:
(philosophy) A Platonic teaching consisting of the harmonious combination of bodily, moral and spiritual virtues.


lexentry: eng/kamancheh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kamancheh
trans_list: кеманча́ | кяманча́
sense:
(musical instrument) A long-necked stringed instrument (a spike fiddle) with a bowl-shaped body, traditionally featuring three silk strings but now more often four metal ones, played with a bow, common among the peoples of the Caucasus, Anatolia and the Near East.


lexentry: eng/kamora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kamora
trans_list: камо́ра
sense:
The diacritic ҄, used in the Old Cyrillic alphabet to represent palatalization of certain consonants.


lexentry: eng/kana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kana
trans_list: ка́на
sense:
The hiragana and katakana syllabaries. These are made up of characters that represent individual syllables, which are used to write Japanese words and particles. Kana are derived from kanji.


lexentry: eng/kangaroo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kangaroo
trans_list: кенгуру́ | кенгуру
sense:
A member of the Macropodidae family of large marsupials with strong hind legs for hopping, native to Australia. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/kangaroo_court__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kangaroo court
trans_list: паро́дия на суд | суд кенгуру́ | шемя́кин суд
sense:
(originally, US, idiomatic) A judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, or a group of people which conducts such proceedings, which is without proper authority, and often acts abusively or decides unjustly. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/kangaroo_jacket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kangaroo jacket
trans_list: кенгуру́шка
sense:
A sweatshirt or jacket where the left and right pockets meet in the middle to make one large pocket.


lexentry: eng/kango__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kango
trans_list: канго́
sense:
A Japanese word of Chinese origin, or a Japanese word coined along Chinese lines (a Sino-Japanese word).


lexentry: eng/kantele__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kantele
trans_list: гусли
sense:
(musical instrument) A plucked string instrument (a zither) of the Baltic psaltery family, traditionally with five strings but now more widely varying, originating in the folk music of Finland, where it is seen as a national symbol.


lexentry: eng/kaolinite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaolinite
trans_list: каолини́т | каолинит
sense:
(mineral) A common hydrous aluminosilicate mineral found in sediments, soils and sedimentary rocks, Al2Si2O5(OH)4; one of the kaolin group of minerals.


lexentry: eng/kaon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaon
trans_list: као́н
sense:
(particle) any of four unstable subatomic particles, mesons, they are a combination of a strange quark or antiquark and either an up or down quark or antiquark


lexentry: eng/kaph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaph
trans_list: каф | кяф
sense:
The eleventh letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).


lexentry: eng/kapo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kapo
trans_list: капо́
sense:
(historical) A prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was given food and privileges in return for supervising other prisoners doing forced labor.


lexentry: eng/kapok__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kapok
trans_list: капо́к
sense:
A silky fibre obtained from seed pods of the silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) used for insulation and stuffing for mattresses, pillows, etc.


lexentry: eng/kapok_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kapok tree
trans_list: сыродел
sense:
Ceiba pentandra, a tree of the tropical Americas and west-central Africa, with white flowers, cultivated in south-east Asia for its seed fibre.


lexentry: eng/karaoke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karaoke
trans_list: карао́ке | караоке
sense:
(uncountable) A form of entertainment popular in clubs, at parties, etc, in which individual members of the public sing along to pre-recorded instrumental versions of popular songs, the lyrics of which are displayed for the singer on a screen in time with the music.


lexentry: eng/karate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karate
trans_list: карате́ | каратэ́ | каратэ
sense:
An Okinawan martial art involving primarily punching and kicking, but additionally, advanced throws, arm bars, grappling and all means of fighting.


lexentry: eng/karma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karma
trans_list: ка́рма | карма
sense:
(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.


lexentry: eng/karnay__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karnay
trans_list: карна́й
sense:
a long trumpet or horn made of brass or copper, used as a traditional instrument in Uzbekistan and other parts of Central Asia


lexentry: eng/karpas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karpas
trans_list: карпа́с
sense:
(Judaism) A traditional ritual dish eaten at Passover, consisting of a vegetable (typically celery or parsley) dipped in salt water or other liquid.


lexentry: eng/karst__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karst
trans_list: карст
sense:
(geology) A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage.


lexentry: eng/karyotype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karyotype
trans_list: кариоти́п
sense:
(genetics) The observed characteristics (number, type, shape, etc) of the chromosomes of an individual or species.


lexentry: eng/kashida__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kashida
trans_list: каши́да | татви́ль
sense:
(uncountable) A type of justification used in some cursive scripts, particularly (Perso)-Arabic, where characters are elongated rather than separated by spaces.


lexentry: eng/kasra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kasra
trans_list: ка́сра | кя́сра
sense:
In Arabic script, the vowel point for "i", appearing as a small diagonal line placed below a letter ( ⁧ـِ⁩ ) and designating a short i /i/. If the Arabic letter ي immediately follows, it indicates a long ī /iː/.


lexentry: eng/kasra__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kasra
trans_list: ка́сра | кя́сра
sense:
In a fully vocalised Persian ـِ represents the vowel /e/ and is only used in front of ـی to represent a diphthong, so unmarked دی is /di/ but دِی with the diacritic is /dej/. This usage is different from Arabic.


lexentry: eng/katakana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: katakana
trans_list: ката́кана | катака́на
sense:
(uncountable) A Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase. Also used to write the Ainu language.


lexentry: eng/katal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: katal
trans_list: катал
sense:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of catalytic activity; one mole per second. Symbol: kat.


lexentry: eng/katana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: katana
trans_list: ката́на | катана
sense:
A type of Japanese longsword or 日本刀, having a single edge and slight curvature, historically used by samurai and ninja.


lexentry: eng/katogo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: katogo
trans_list: катого
sense:
(Uganda) A traditional breakfast dish consisting of a sauce containing legumes and offal to which a staple such as cassava or matoke is added, all cooked in the same pot.


lexentry: eng/kayak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kayak
trans_list: байда́рка | кая́к | каяк
sense:
A type of small boat, covered over by a surface deck, powered by the occupant or occupants using a double-bladed paddle in a sitting position, from a hole in the surface deck


lexentry: eng/kazoo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kazoo
trans_list: казу́
sense:
(musical instrument) A simple musical instrument (a membranophone) consisting of a pipe with a hole in it, producing a buzzing sound when the player hums into it.


lexentry: eng/kebab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kebab
trans_list: кеба́б | шашлы́к
sense:
(British) A dish of pieces of meat, fish, or vegetables roasted on a skewer or spit, especially a doner kebab.


lexentry: eng/keel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: keel
trans_list: киль
sense:
(nautical) A rigid, flat piece of material anchored to the lowest part of the hull of a ship to give it greater control and stability.


lexentry: eng/keel_over__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keel over
trans_list: переверну́ться
sense:
(intransitive, nautical, also, _, figuratively) Of a vessel: to roll so far on its side that it cannot recover; to capsize or turn turtle.


lexentry: eng/keelson__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keelson
trans_list: кильсо́н
sense:
(nautical) A longitudinal beam fastened on top of the keel of a vessel for strength and stiffness. [from c. 1611]


lexentry: eng/keen__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keen
trans_list: проница́тельный | сообрази́тельный
sense:
(chiefly, Commonwealth) Often with a prepositional phrase, or with to and an infinitive: showing a quick and ardent responsiveness or willingness; eager, enthusiastic, interested.


lexentry: eng/keep_mum__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep mum
trans_list: молча́ть в тря́почку
sense:
(idiomatic) To refrain from talking, especially to remain silent about something that may be sensitive or secret.


lexentry: eng/keep_someone_company__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep someone company
trans_list: подде́рживать компа́нию | поддержа́ть компа́нию
sense:
(idiomatic) To remain with or accompany someone, especially to make them feel more comfortable with a certain situation.


lexentry: eng/keep_the_change__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep the change
trans_list: сда́чи не на́до
sense:
An instruction to a taxi driver, waiter etc. to keep the change from the amount handed over as a tip.


lexentry: eng/keep_up_appearances__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep up appearances
sense:
(idiomatic) To pretend to be all right or that everything is going well; to maintain an appearance of wealth, comfort, or propriety.

trans_list:
де́лать хоро́шую ми́ну при плохо́й игре́ | держа́ть хоро́шую ми́ну при плохо́й игре́ | сохраня́ть хоро́шую ми́ну при плохо́й игре́


lexentry: eng/keeper__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: keeper
trans_list: охра́нник | сто́рож | стра́жник | храни́тель | храни́тельница
sense:
A person charged with guarding or caring for, storing, or maintaining something; a custodian, a guard; sometimes a gamekeeper.


lexentry: eng/keeper__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: keeper
trans_list: контрга́йка
sense:
A part of a mechanism that catches or retains another part, for example the part of a door lock that fits in the frame and receives the bolt.


lexentry: eng/keepsake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keepsake
trans_list: сувени́р
sense:
Some object given by a person and retained in memory of something or someone; something kept for sentimental or nostalgic reasons.


lexentry: eng/keirin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keirin
trans_list: кейрин
sense:
(cycle racing) A form of track cycling originating in Japan, where riders must initially race behind a motorised pace-setter, the derny.


lexentry: eng/kelpie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kelpie
trans_list: ке́лпи
sense:
(Celtic mythology) A malevolent shapeshifting spirit, most often in the form of a horse, believed to haunt the rivers and lochs of Scotland.


lexentry: eng/kelvin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kelvin
trans_list: ке́львин | кельвин
sense:
In the International System of Units, the base unit of thermodynamic temperature; 1⁄273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. Shown as "K".


lexentry: eng/kenning__Noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kenning
trans_list: ке́ннинг
sense:
(poetry) A metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way.


lexentry: eng/keratoconus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keratoconus
trans_list: кератоконус
sense:
(pathology) A degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than its normal even curve


lexentry: eng/kerb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kerb
trans_list: бордю́р | поре́брик
sense:
(British, AU, NZ) The raised edge between the pavement and the roadway, typically made of concrete though originally consisting of a line of kerbstones.


lexentry: eng/kerfing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kerfing
trans_list: [[ко́нтробечайка]] с [[пропил|пропи́лами]]
sense:
(music, chiefly, lutherie) A thin strip of wood kerfed to allow easy bending and then glued inside the body of a string instrument along the rim between its two abutting sides to reinforce the joint.


lexentry: eng/kerfuffle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kerfuffle
trans_list: сумато́ха
sense:
(chiefly, Commonwealth, informal) A disorderly outburst, disturbance, commotion, or tumult. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/kernel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kernel
trans_list: ядро́ | сердцеви́на
sense:
(botany) The central (usually edible) part of a nut, especially once the hard shell has been removed.


