# translation

lexentry: eng/Tertullian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tertullian
trans_list: Tertullien
sense:
A Roman cognomen, in particular borne by the Christian theologian Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus from Carthage.


lexentry: eng/Tesla_coil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tesla coil
trans_list: bobine Tesla
sense:
A type of resonant transformer circuit used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high-frequency alternating-current electricity.


lexentry: eng/Tetragrammaton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tetragrammaton
trans_list: tétragramme
sense:
The four Hebrew letters יהוה (in transliteration, YHWH or JHVH) used as the ineffable name of God in the Hebrew Bible, variously transliterated as Yahweh or Jehovah.


lexentry: eng/Tetris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tetris
trans_list: Tetris
sense:
A puzzle video game in which falling tetrominoes must be manipulated to form complete lines, which are then cleared from the grid.


lexentry: eng/Teutonic_Knights__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Teutonic Knights
trans_list: Chevaliers Teutoniques | Ordre teutonique
sense:
A German religious order founded in the late 12th century and known for conquering the Baltic Prussians and bringing Prussia under German control; the order exists today as a charitable organisation.


lexentry: eng/Texas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Texas
trans_list: Texas
sense:
(historical) a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846


lexentry: eng/Thatcherism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thatcherism
trans_list: thatchérisme
sense:
(UK politics) The political ideology attributed to the governments of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990), characterised by, among other things, a free market economy, privatisation, low taxation, austerity and opposition to unionisation.


lexentry: eng/The_Call_of_South_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: The Call of South Africa
trans_list: L'Appel de l'Afrique du Sud
sense:
a former national anthem of South Africa, created during the 1920s and used from the 1930s to the 1990s.


lexentry: eng/The_Game__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: The Game
trans_list: jeu
sense:
A mind game where the objective is to avoid thinking about "The Game", and by thinking about it one loses, and subsequently has to announce one's loss to the world in order to make them lose.


lexentry: eng/The_Hague__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: The Hague
trans_list: La Haye
sense:
(figuratively, by extension, sometimes, _, hyperbolic) Punishment for a very destructive, harmful or immoral act.


lexentry: eng/Theaetetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Theaetetus
trans_list: Théétète
sense:
A classical Greek mathematician credited with proving that there are precisely five regular convex polyhedra.


lexentry: eng/Thebes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thebes
trans_list: Thèbes
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital city of Boeotia and an important political centre in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Thebes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Thebes
trans_list: Thèbes
sense:
An ancient city and archaeological site in Upper Egypt, having functioned as capital city at times during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Thelema__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thelema
trans_list: Thelema
sense:
A spiritual and social philosophy developed in the early 1900s, calling each person to act in alignment with his or her True Will (which may or may not be the same as personal wishes) as a basis for spiritual growth.


lexentry: eng/Themis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Themis
trans_list: Thémis
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the embodiment of divine order, law and custom. She was the daughter of Gaia and Uranus.


lexentry: eng/Theophany__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Theophany
trans_list: Théophanie
sense:
One of the Great Feasts of the Eastern Orthodox Church, commemorating the revelation of Jesus' divinity, especially in his baptism by John the Baptist.


lexentry: eng/Theotokos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Theotokos
trans_list: Théotokos
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Orthodoxy) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role giving birth to God.


lexentry: eng/Thermidor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thermidor
trans_list: thermidor
sense:
(historical) The eleventh month of the French Republican Calendar, from July 19 or 20 to August 17 or 18.


lexentry: eng/Thessalonians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thessalonians
trans_list: Thessaloniciens
sense:
(biblical) Books in the New Testament of the Bible (1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians), epistles to the Christians in ancient Thessaloniki.


lexentry: eng/Thessaly__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thessaly
trans_list: Thessalie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; one of its 13 peripheries. It contains the prefectures of Karditsa, Larissa, Magnesia and Trikala.


lexentry: eng/Third_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Third World
trans_list: tiers-monde
sense:
(attributive, pejorative, informal) Any developing country, or a country lacking the perceived rudiments of civilization.


lexentry: eng/Thor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thor
trans_list: Thor
sense:
(Norse mythology) A hammer-wielding god associated with thunder, lightning, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, and the protection of mankind.


lexentry: eng/Thoth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thoth
trans_list: Thot
sense:
The ancient Egyptian moon god of wisdom, learning, and magic, usually depicted as an ibis or baboon.


lexentry: eng/Thousand_Islands__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Thousand Islands
trans_list:
Archipel des Mille Îles | Archipel des Mille-Îles | Mille Îles | Mille-Îles | archipel des Mille Îles | archipel des Mille-Îles


lexentry: eng/Thrace__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thrace
trans_list: Thrace
sense:
A historical and geographic area in southeast Europe, now divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Three_Amigos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Three Amigos
trans_list: Trois Amigos | trois amis
sense:
(plurale tantum, informal, North America, politics) The prime minister of Canada and the presidents of Mexico and the United States.


lexentry: eng/Three_Kingdoms__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Three Kingdoms
trans_list: Trois Royaumes
sense:
(historical) The tripartite division of China between the states of Wei (魏 (Wèi)), Shu (蜀 (Shǔ)), and Wu (吳／吴 (Wú)), during AD 220–280, following the Han dynasty and preceding the Jin dynasty.


lexentry: eng/Thuban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thuban
trans_list: Thuban
sense:
(star) α Draconis, a white giant star in the constellation Draco which served as the North Star from about 3942 to 1793 BC.


lexentry: eng/Thucydides__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thucydides
trans_list: Thucydide
sense:
(c. 460 BCE – c. 395 BCE) A great ancient Greek historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BCE war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Thule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thule
trans_list: Thulé
sense:
The semi-legendary island of classical antiquity considered to represent the northernmost location in the inhabited world (the Ecumene).


lexentry: eng/Thursday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thursday
trans_list: jeudi
sense:
The fifth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fourth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Wednesday and precedes Friday.


lexentry: eng/Tiberius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tiberius
trans_list: Tibère
sense:
(historical) A en given name of mostly historical use, in particular, the praenomen of the second Roman emperor Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, reigning 14-37 C.E..


lexentry: eng/Tibet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibet
trans_list: Tibet
sense:
The Tibetan Plateau, a plateau region in Central Asia, where the Tibetan people traditionally live, encompassing what is now Tibet Autonomous Region (also called Xizang), most of Qinghai, the western half of Sichuan, a small part of Yunnan and a small part of Gansu in the People's Republic of China, and also the country of Bhutan, and the Indian regions of Sikkim and Ladakh.


lexentry: eng/Tibetan_Buddhism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibetan Buddhism
trans_list: bouddhisme tibétain | lamaïsme
sense:
The body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, Mongolia, Tuva, Bhutan, Kalmykia, Buryatia and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, and India.


lexentry: eng/Tibetan_Mastiff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibetan Mastiff
trans_list: dogue du Tibet | dogue tibétain | mâtin du Tibet | mâtin tibétain
sense:
A large dog of a breed from Central Asia, having a medium to long double coat in a wide variety of colors, sometimes with white markings around neck, chest, and legs.


lexentry: eng/Tibetan_fox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibetan fox
trans_list: renard du Tibet
sense:
Vulpes ferrilata, a species of true fox endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, China, and India


lexentry: eng/Tibeto-Burman__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tibeto-Burman
trans_list: tibéto-birman
sense:
(linguistics) Of the Tibeto-Burman languages, one of the subgroups of the Sino-Tibetan language family.


lexentry: eng/Tigris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tigris
trans_list: Tigre
sense:
A river in Southwest Asia flowing 1,150 miles east-southeast from the Armenian Highland in Turkey through Iraq. It forms the eastern edge of classical Mesopotamia. It unites with the Euphrates River to form the Shatt al-Arab before flowing into the Persian Gulf.


lexentry: eng/Tilt-A-Whirl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tilt-A-Whirl
trans_list: Undulateur
sense:
A spinning-platform amusement ride that exposes its riders to unpredictable combinations of tilting, spinning and horizontal movement.


lexentry: eng/Timonian__Adjective__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Timonian
trans_list: timonien
sense:
Of or relating to the French Catholic Sacred Heart congregation founded by Joseph-Marie Timon-David.


lexentry: eng/Timonism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Timonism
trans_list: Timonisme | timonisme
sense:
A form of bitter misanthropy, a despair leading to hatred or contemptuous rejection of mankind, like Timon of Athens.


lexentry: eng/Tiresias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tiresias
trans_list: Tirésias
sense:
(Greek mythology) A long-lived blind soothsayer who participated over seven generations in the legendary history of (the Greek city) Thebes, noted also for being transformed into a woman for seven years, so being symbolic of androgyny.


lexentry: eng/Tironian_note__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tironian note
trans_list: note tironienne
sense:
Any one of thousands of signs in a system of shorthand developed in the 60s BC by Cicero’s scribe Marcus Tullius Tiro.


lexentry: eng/Tishrei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tishrei
trans_list: Tichri
sense:
(Judaism) The first month of the civil year and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Elul and before Cheshvan.


lexentry: eng/Tisiphone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tisiphone
trans_list: Tisiphone
sense:
(Greek god, Roman god) One of the Erinyes/Dirae (Furies, the goddesses of vengeance), and a companion of Nemesis/Invidia.


lexentry: eng/Titan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Titan
trans_list: Titan
sense:
(mythology) Any of the race of giant gods in Greek mythology that preceded and was overthrown by the Olympian gods.


lexentry: eng/Titanic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Titanic
trans_list: Titanic
sense:
The R.M.S. Titanic, an ocean liner, supposedly unsinkable, that sank on its maiden voyage on 15 April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg.


lexentry: eng/Titoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Titoism
trans_list: titisme
sense:
The political ideas or policies associated with Josip Broz Tito; in particular, an adaptation of Marxist-Leninist ideology, characterized by experiments with workers’ self-management instead of central planning and a foreign policy of independence from both the Soviet and Western blocs.


lexentry: eng/Tobias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tobias
trans_list: Tobie
sense:
The main character in the Book of Tobit, regarded as apocryphal by most Protestants (Biblical character).


lexentry: eng/Tobit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tobit
trans_list: Tobie
sense:
(biblical character) A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/Tocharian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tocharian
trans_list: tokharien
sense:
(linguistics) An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi.


lexentry: eng/Tok_Pisin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tok Pisin
trans_list: tok pisin
sense:
A creole of Indo-European, Malayo-Polynesian and Trans-New-Guinean languages (principally English and Kuanua); one of the official languages of Papua New Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Toltec__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Toltec
trans_list: Toltèque
sense:
A member of a pre-Columbian Native American people who dominated much of central Mexico between the 10th and 12th centuries AD.


lexentry: eng/Tom_Thumb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tom Thumb
trans_list: Petit Poucet | Tom Pouce
sense:
A fairy-tale character who is the size of a person's thumb; the protagonist and hero of the fairy tale The History of Tom Thumb.


lexentry: eng/Torah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Torah
trans_list: Thora
sense:
The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, attributed to Moses and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses.


lexentry: eng/Torres_Strait_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Torres Strait Islands
trans_list: Îles du détroit de Torrès
sense:
A group of hundreds of small islands which lie in the Torres Strait, between Australia and New Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Tory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tory
trans_list: Tory
sense:
(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party, which evolved from Royalist politicians; historically associated with upholding the rights of the monarchy and the privileges of the established Church.


lexentry: eng/Tory__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Tory
trans_list: Tory
sense:
(Canadian politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party of Canada, one of that party's predecessors, or an affiliated provincial political party.


lexentry: eng/Tower_of_Babel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tower of Babel
trans_list: tour de Babel
sense:
(biblical) A tower erected at Babel by the descendants of Noah's son Ham to reach the sky, and whose completion God thwarted by making the workers speak different languages so that they were unable to understand one another.


lexentry: eng/Tower_of_London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tower of London
trans_list: tour de Londres
sense:
A riverside fortress in London, used as a palace, a prison and now a museum housing the Crown Jewels.


lexentry: eng/Towers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Towers
trans_list: De La Tour | De Latour | Delatour | La Tour | Latour | Tours
sense:
(jocular) [after a name, typically that of the speaker/writer or publication] the putative palatial address of the named person or corporate entity


lexentry: eng/Traditional_Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Traditional Chinese
trans_list: caractère traditionnel | chinois traditionnel
sense:
Chinese written using the traditional form of Chinese characters, as opposed to Simplified Chinese (introduced by the PRC as script reform).


lexentry: eng/Transoxiana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Transoxiana
trans_list: Transoxiane
sense:
(historical) An ancient portion of Central Asia, the region between the Amu Darya (Classical Oxus) and Syr Darya rivers, corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and southwest Kazakhstan.


lexentry: eng/Trappist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trappist
trans_list: trappiste
sense:
A monk or nun of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (a branch of the Cistercians Roman Catholic religious brotherhood that use a particularly strict interpretation of the Rule of St Benedict).


lexentry: eng/Treasury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Treasury
trans_list: trésor
sense:
A government department responsible for the collection, management, and expenditure of public revenue.


lexentry: eng/Triangulum_Australe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triangulum Australe
trans_list: Triangle austral
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, which has three bright stars that form a triangle. It lies north of the constellation Apus, between Ara and Circinus.


lexentry: eng/Triangulum_Galaxy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triangulum Galaxy
trans_list: galaxie du Triangle
sense:
(galaxy) A relatively nearby spiral galaxy in the Local Group, together with the Milky Way galaxy. It is at a distance of approximately 2.6 million light years from Earth, in the direction of the constellation Triangulum.


lexentry: eng/Triangulum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triangulum
trans_list: Triangle
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky whose brightest three stars form a small triangle. The constellation lies near Perseus, between Aries and Andromeda.


lexentry: eng/Triassic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triassic
trans_list: Trias
sense:
(geology) A geologic period within the Mesozoic era, comprising lower, middle and upper epochs from about 250 to 200 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Tridentine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Tridentine
trans_list: tridentin
sense:
(Catholicism) Pertaining to the form of Mass promulgated at the Council of Trent, often called the Tridentine Mass.


lexentry: eng/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trinidadian and Tobagonian
trans_list: trinidadien
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to Trinidad and Tobago or to the people or language of that country. Trinidadian.


lexentry: eng/Trinity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trinity
trans_list: Trinité
sense:
(Christianity) In Christian belief, the three persons (personae) of the Godhead: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.


lexentry: eng/Trojan_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trojan War
trans_list: guerre de Troie
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythological decade-long war and siege, ending in the destruction of Troy, which, as described in Homer's Iliad, was waged by a coalition of Achaeans (Greeks) led by King Agamemnon against the Trojans to avenge the abduction of Helen, wife of the Spartan King Menelaus, by Paris, son of the Trojan King Priam.


lexentry: eng/Trojan_horse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trojan horse
trans_list: cheval de Troie
sense:
(Greek mythology) The hollow wooden horse by which the Greeks allegedly gained access to Ilium/Troy during the Trojan War.


lexentry: eng/Tropic_of_Cancer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tropic of Cancer
trans_list: tropique du Cancer
sense:
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′north of the equator, marking the northern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the June solstice.


lexentry: eng/Tropic_of_Capricorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tropic of Capricorn
trans_list: tropique du Capricorne
sense:
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′south of the equator, marking the southern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the December solstice.


lexentry: eng/Trotskyism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trotskyism
trans_list: trotskisme
sense:
The left-wing political philosophy named after and based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky that is characterized by international socialism, opposition to Stalinism, the theory of permanent revolution and the theory of the vanguard party.


lexentry: eng/Trotskyite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trotskyite
trans_list: trotskiste
sense:
(derogatory) An advocate of the communist doctrines of Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein).


lexentry: eng/Trumpian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trumpian
trans_list: trumpien
sense:
Resembling or pertaining to the philosophy, rhetoric, and style of Donald Trump, President of the United States from 2017 to 2021.


lexentry: eng/Tuamotus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tuamotus
trans_list: Archipel des Tuamotu | Îles Tuamotu
sense:
The largest chain of atolls in the world, situated in French Polynesia and spanning an area of the southern Pacific Ocean the size of Western Europe.


lexentry: eng/Tucana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tucana
trans_list: Toucan
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a toucan. It lies south of the constellations Phoenix and Grus.


lexentry: eng/Tuesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tuesday
trans_list: mardi
sense:
The third day of the week in many religious traditions, and the second day of the week in systems that use the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Monday and precedes Wednesday.


lexentry: eng/Tupperware_party__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tupperware party
trans_list: réunion Tupperware
sense:
A party arranged by Tupperware ladies in their homes to sell Tupperware on the party plan, as a direct marketing concept.


lexentry: eng/Turing_machine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turing machine
trans_list: machine de Turing
sense:
(computing theory) An abstract computing machine that has a finite number of possible internal states and operates on an infinite memory tape by first reading a symbol from a cell in the tape, and then, deterministically, based on that symbol and the machine’s state, writing a symbol in that cell, moving to a neighboring cell, or changing state.


lexentry: eng/Turkestan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkestan
trans_list: Turkestan
sense:
(historical) The regions of Central Asia lying between Siberia to the north; Tibet (Xizang) and Xinjiang, China, modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran to the south; the Gobi Desert to the east; and the Caspian Sea to the west.


lexentry: eng/Turkification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkification
trans_list: turcification | turcisation | turquification | turquisation
sense:
Making something more Turkish; assimilation (of a place, people etc) into a Turkic states or culture; introduction of Turks to an institution etc.


lexentry: eng/Turkish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkish
trans_list: turc
sense:
The official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus (alongside Greek) and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.


lexentry: eng/Turkish_coffee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkish coffee
trans_list: café turc
sense:
Coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot, possibly with sugar, and serving it into a cup, where the dregs settle.


lexentry: eng/Turkish_pizza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkish pizza
trans_list: lahmajoun
sense:
A meal or snack made from an oval piece of Turkish bread baked with various toppings such as minced meat and herbs.


lexentry: eng/Turkologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkologist
trans_list: turcologue
sense:
A scholar specializing in the languages, history or cultures of Turkic peoples, including for example Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Tuvan, Altai, Shor, and Karakalpak.


lexentry: eng/Turner_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turner syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Turner
sense:
(medicine, medical genetics) A particular genetic condition, caused by partially or completely missing an X chromosome (monosomy), that leads to sterility and other issues.


lexentry: eng/Turnerian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turnerian
trans_list: turnérien
sense:
Of or relating to J. M. W. Turner (circa 1775 – 1851), British Romantic landscape painter, water-colourist, and printmaker.


lexentry: eng/Tutankhamun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tutankhamun
trans_list: Toutânkhamon
sense:
Ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for his young age and his tomb, which was preserved intact to the modern age.


lexentry: eng/Tuyuca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tuyuca
trans_list: tuyuca
sense:
The Tucanoan language of this people, being a postpositional agglutinative SOV language with five mandatory evidentiality paradigms (visual, nonvisual, apparent, secondhand, and assumed), and from 50 to 140 noun classes.


lexentry: eng/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Twelve Days of Christmas
trans_list: Douze jours de Noël
sense:
The season or time made up of the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany; Christmas season, Christmas time, Christmastide, Twelvetide. The Christmas season traditionally ended with the feast of the Epiphany on January 6.


lexentry: eng/Twitter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Twitter
trans_list: Twitter
sense:
(trademark) (since 2023), an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short messages (280 characters; originally 140).


lexentry: eng/Tybi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tybi
trans_list: Tybi
sense:
The fifth month of the later ancient Egyptian civil calendar and Coptic calendar, corresponding to the first month of the season of Peret. Since 25 BCE, when the calendar was reformed to include leap-days, Tybi has been in roughly January.


lexentry: eng/TypeScript__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: TypeScript
trans_list: TypeScript
sense:
(scripting language) A scripting programming language that is a strongly-typed superset of JavaScript.


lexentry: eng/Typhon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Typhon
trans_list: Typhon
sense:
(Greek mythology) The most powerful and feared of all Greek monsters, having the head, arms, and torso of a man, and his bottom half consisting of countless dragons or serpents. Some stories also say that his hands ended in serpents and that he bears 100 heads. He is shrouded in giant wings, his eyes blaze a white fire, and his arms reach towards the stars.


lexentry: eng/Tyre__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyre
trans_list: Tyr
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError An ancient sea port and city state of Phoenicia, in present-day Lebanon.


lexentry: eng/Tyrol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tyrol
trans_list: Tyrol
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that includes the Austrian state of the same name and the Italian regions of South Tyrol and Trentino.


lexentry: eng/Tyrrhenian_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyrrhenian Sea
trans_list: mer Tyrrhénienne | mer Tyrrhène
sense:
A part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy, bounded by Corsica and Sardinia (west), Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria (east), and Sicily (south).


lexentry: eng/Tyrtaeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyrtaeus
trans_list: Tyrtée
sense:
An Ancient Greek name, particularly borne by a Greek elegiac poet who lived at Sparta about the middle of the 7th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Tübingen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tübingen
trans_list: Tübinghen
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Neckar, with a famous university; once capital of Würtemberg-Hohenzollern


lexentry: eng/U-turn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: U-turn
trans_list: demi-tour | retournement | volte-face
sense:
(literally) A turn in a vehicle carried out by driving in a semicircle in order to travel in the opposite direction.


lexentry: eng/UAV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: UAV
trans_list: véhicule aérien sans pilote à bord
sense:
(aviation) Initialism of unmanned aerial vehicle; an unpiloted aircraft capable of controlled, sustained, level flight.


lexentry: eng/URL__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: URL
trans_list: URL
sense:
Initialism of Uniform Resource Locator: the address of a web page, FTP site, audio stream or other Internet resource.


lexentry: eng/US_Virgin_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: US Virgin Islands
trans_list: Iles Vierges américaines
sense:
A group of islands in the Caribbean that is a territory of the United States. Official name: Virgin Islands of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Udi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Udi
trans_list: oudi
sense:
A Lezgic language (Northeast Caucasian) spoken by the Udi people who live mostly in Azerbaijan and nearby regions. Probably descended from Caucasian Albanian.


lexentry: eng/Ugaritic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ugaritic
trans_list: ougaritique
sense:
The Northwest Semitic language of the ancient city of Ugarit in Syria. Extinct since 1100 B.C.E., it was written in cuneiform.


lexentry: eng/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
trans_list: République socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine
sense:
(historical) The Bolshevik state of Ukraine (1919–91), a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1922–91).


lexentry: eng/Uncle_Sam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uncle Sam
trans_list: Oncle Sam
sense:
(colloquial, originally, US) A personification of the United States federal government or (rare) citizens. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Unicode__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unicode
trans_list: Unicode
sense:
(international standards, computing) A series of character encoding standards intended to support the characters used by a large number of the world’s languages.


lexentry: eng/Uniform_Resource_Locator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uniform Resource Locator
trans_list: adresse
sense:
(computing, Internet) A universal address for resources on the internet, which is most commonly used for websites.


lexentry: eng/Unitarian_Universalism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unitarian Universalism
trans_list: unitarisme-universalisme | universalisme unitarien
sense:
A religion which encourages theological liberalism and an individual search for truth and the adherents of which draw on many different theological sources and have a wide range of beliefs and practices.


lexentry: eng/Unitarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Unitarian
trans_list: unitarien-universaliste
sense:
A follower of Unitarian Universalism or a similar non-credal religion that originated historically from Christian Unitarianism.


lexentry: eng/Unitarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Unitarian
trans_list: unitarien-universaliste
sense:
A member of a political movement advocating a unitary state rather than a federal one, especially the Unitarios of nineteenth century Argentina (known as the Unitarian Party in English).


lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Kingdom
trans_list: Royaume-Uni | Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord
sense:
A kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922.


lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
trans_list: Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande
sense:
The official name of the United Kingdom 1801-1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).


lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: The official name of the United Kingdom (since 1927).
written_rep: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
trans_list:
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord | Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord


lexentry: eng/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations Economic and Social Council
trans_list: Conseil économique et social des Nations unies
sense:
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations, dedicated to coordinate global economical and social affairs.


lexentry: eng/United_Nations_General_Assembly__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations General Assembly
trans_list: Assemblée générale des Nations unies
sense:
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.


lexentry: eng/United_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations
trans_list: Organisation des Nations Unies | Nations Unies | Organisation des Nations unies
sense:
(singular) An international coalition, founded in 1945 and headquartered in New York City, that aims to promote global co-operation and maintain international order.


lexentry: eng/United_Provinces__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: United Provinces
trans_list: Provinces-Unies
sense:
(historical) A republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795; the predecessor state of the modern Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/United_States_of_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United States of America
trans_list: États-Unis d'Amérique | États-Unis | Amérique
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and including Alaska, Hawaii, and several territories.


lexentry: eng/Universal_Serial_Bus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Universal Serial Bus
trans_list: USB
sense:
(computing) An international standard for interconnecting personal computer devices using simple plugs and sockets and lightweight cables.


lexentry: eng/Unix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unix
trans_list: Unix
sense:
(computing, informal) Any of the above plus Unix-like operating systems similar to Unix but not qualifying for use of the UNIX trademark.


lexentry: eng/Unix_time__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unix time
trans_list: heure Posix
sense:
A system for describing instants in time, defined as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), Thursday, 1 January 1970, not counting leap seconds, used in Unix and many other operating systems.


lexentry: eng/Uno__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uno
trans_list: Uno
sense:
A card game similar to crazy eights, played with specially printed cards that have colours instead of suits.


lexentry: eng/Unsupported_titles!slash!C%60num%60__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unsupported titles/C`num`
trans_list: C#
sense:
(programming) An object-oriented programming language, resembling Java in some respects, developed by Microsoft Corporation as part of their .NET Framework initiative.


lexentry: eng/Upanishad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Upanishad
trans_list: upanishad
sense:
Any of a set of authorless Hindu religious and philosophical texts considered to be an early source of the religion, found mostly as the concluding part of the Brahmanas and in the Aranyakas.


lexentry: eng/Upper_Egypt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Upper Egypt
trans_list: Haute-Égypte
sense:
(Egyptology) The part of Ancient Egypt south of Memphis, so named because the Nile flows south to north.


lexentry: eng/Upper_Silesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Upper Silesia
trans_list: Haute-Silésie
sense:
The south-eastern part of Silesia, today mostly within Polish borders with a small strip located in the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Ural_Mountains__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ural Mountains
trans_list: monts Oural
sense:
a range of mountains in Russia that stretch from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; traditionally, the border between Europe and Asia


lexentry: eng/Uralic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uralic
trans_list: ouralien
sense:
Pertaining to the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples, whose urheimat was the Ural Mountains, or to their languages, which constitute a language family, the Uralic languages.


lexentry: eng/Uranian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uranian
trans_list: uranien | uraniste
sense:
(literary, archaic) A male homosexual; also, a pederast; a man engaged in an erotic relationship with an adolescent boy.


lexentry: eng/Uranus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Uranus
trans_list: Ouranos | Uranus
sense:
(Greek mythology) The Greek god who personified the sky and heavens and fathered the Titans. Roman counterpart: Caelus.


lexentry: eng/Urdu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Urdu
trans_list: ourdou
sense:
Modern Standard Urdu, an Indo-Aryan language with native speakers mainly in Pakistan and North India. It is a standardized and Persianized version of Hindustani.


lexentry: eng/Urim_and_Thummim__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Urim and Thummim
trans_list: Ourim et Toumim
sense:
Certain sacred objects (whose precise form and nature is unknown) that were worn on the breastplate of the Jewish high priest, as described in the Bible, and used in divination or casting lots. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Ursa_Major__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ursa Major
trans_list: Grande Ourse
sense:
(constellation) A large circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism the Big Dipper and the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.


lexentry: eng/Ursa_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ursa Minor
trans_list: Petite Ourse
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism of the Little Dipper and, as part of it, the northern pole star Polaris, as well as Kochab.


lexentry: eng/Usenet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Usenet
trans_list: Usenet
sense:
(Internet) A world-wide distributed discussion system consisting of newsgroups classified hierarchically by subject.


lexentry: eng/Utraquism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Utraquism
trans_list: utraquisme
sense:
(historical, Christianity) The moderate Hussite ideology that the faithful, specifically including laity, should receive Communion under both kinds (sub utraque specie), that is to say, receive both bread and wine during the Eucharist; moderate Hussitism.


lexentry: eng/Vale_of_Tempe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vale of Tempe
trans_list: vallée de Tempé
sense:
The ancient name of a gorge in northern Thessaly, Greece, located between Olympus to the north and Ossa to the south.


lexentry: eng/Valencian_Community__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valencian Community
trans_list: Communauté valencienne | Pays valencien
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError located in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Area: 23,255 sq km (8,979 sq mi). Population (2009): 5,111,706. Historically, a kingdom also including the town of Caudete.


lexentry: eng/Valetudo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valetudo
trans_list: Valétudo
sense:
(mythology) Roman goddess of health and hygiene (equivalent to the Greek Hygieia), great-granddaughter of Jupiter.


lexentry: eng/Valhalla__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valhalla
trans_list: Valhalla | Walhalla | Valhalle | valhalla | walhalla
sense:
(Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.


lexentry: eng/Van_Allen_radiation_belt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Van Allen radiation belt
trans_list: ceinture de radiations de Van Allen
sense:
(astronomy, physics) Either of two torus-shaped areas of high-energy charged particles which partly surround Earth, trapped by its magnetic field. The areas are characterised by intense radiation. When the belts "overload", particles strike the upper atmosphere and fluoresce, causing the polar aurora.


lexentry: eng/Van__Proper_noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Van
trans_list: monospace
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, famous for its Chalcalburnus tarichi (syn. Alburnus tarichi) fish and the 10th century Armenian cathedral on Akhtamar Island.


lexentry: eng/Vandalic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vandalic
trans_list: vandale
sense:
The extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Vandals, probably closely related to the Gothic language.


lexentry: eng/Vanir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vanir
trans_list: Vanes
sense:
The principal deities, as a group, of the Norse pantheon that represent chaos, fertility, and cultivation; opponents of the Æsir.


lexentry: eng/Varangian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Varangian
trans_list: Varègue
sense:
(historical) A member of the ethnically Scandinavian people around the borders of Constantinople in the ninth and tenth centuries.


lexentry: eng/Veda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Veda
trans_list: véda
sense:
(Hinduism) Any of a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.


lexentry: eng/Vega__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vega
trans_list: Véga
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Lyra; Alpha (α) Lyrae. It forms one corner of the Summer Triangle.


lexentry: eng/Vela__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vela
trans_list: Voiles
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the sails of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Velcro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Velcro
trans_list: velcro
sense:
A fastener consisting of two strips of fabric, one covered with minute fiber hooks and the other with tiny fiber loops, which stick strongly together but can be pulled apart.


lexentry: eng/Veles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Veles
trans_list: Vélès
sense:
(Slavic god) The pagan Slavic god of the fertile earth, livestock, waters, and the underworld, often portrayed as a chimera.


lexentry: eng/Velvet_Revolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Velvet Revolution
trans_list: révolution de velours
sense:
Any non-violent political revolution, especially the events in Czechoslovakia that led to the velvet divorce.


lexentry: eng/Vendémiaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vendémiaire
trans_list: vendémiaire
sense:
(historical) The first month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the autumnal equinox (September 22, 23 or 24) and ending on October 21, 22 or 23.


lexentry: eng/Venetian_blind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venetian blind
trans_list: store vénitien | jalousie
sense:
A blind consisting of overlapping horizontal, flat slats, usually made of metal, vinyl or wood, that can be tilted so as to let in more or less light.


lexentry: eng/Venetic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venetic
trans_list: vénète
sense:
An extinct Indo-European language that was spoken in ancient times by the Veneti tribe in the North-Italian Veneto and modern Slovenia, between the Po River delta and the southern fringe of the Alps. It should not be confused with Venetian, a Romance language presently spoken in the same region.


lexentry: eng/Venn_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venn diagram
trans_list: diagramme de Venn
sense:
(set theory) A diagram representing some sets by contours of closed shapes, such as circles or ellipses (and sometimes also the universal set as a rectangle enclosing all of these shapes), and indicating the relationships between the sets: by overlapping the shapes to show that the corresponding sets have a non-empty intersection, and by possibly (but not necessarily) enclosing all of the sets (which are proper subsets of the universal set) within a universal set (represented typically by a rectangle); such that the total number of simply connected regions is 2^n, where n is the number of depicted sets which are proper subsets of the universal set.


lexentry: eng/Ventôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ventôse
trans_list: ventôse
sense:
(historical) The sixth month of the French Republican Calendar, from February 19, 20 or 21 to March 20 or 21.


lexentry: eng/Venus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venus
trans_list: Vénus
sense:
(astronomy) The second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♀.


lexentry: eng/Venus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Venus
trans_list: Vénus
sense:
(Roman god) The goddess of love, beauty, fertility, and sexuality; the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite.


lexentry: eng/Venus_flytrap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venus flytrap
trans_list: dionée
sense:
An insectivorous plant of the savannas of North and South Carolina, Dionaea muscipula; the leaves are hinged and bordered with stiff hairs, and close when an insect alights on them.


lexentry: eng/Veps__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Veps
trans_list: vepse
sense:
The Veps language, spoken by the Vepses, belonging to the Finnic group of the Finno-Ugric languages.


lexentry: eng/Vercingetorix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vercingetorix
trans_list: Vercingétorix
sense:
72 BCE–46 BCE, the chieftain of the Arverni, leader of the great Gallic revolt against the Romans in 53–52 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Vernon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Vernon
trans_list: Vernon
sense:
An English habitational surname from Anglo-Norman, originally a Norman baronial name, derived from the town in Normandy.


lexentry: eng/Verona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Verona
trans_list: Vérone
sense:
A city straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital city of the province of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Vesta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vesta
trans_list: Vesta
sense:
(Roman god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, fire, and the household, and therefore a deity of domestic life. The Roman counterpart of Hestia.


lexentry: eng/Victoria_Cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Victoria Cross
trans_list: croix de Victoria
sense:
The highest military award in the honours system of the United Kingdom, and some members of the Commonwealth of Nations.


lexentry: eng/Victoria_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Victoria Day
trans_list: Fête de la Reine
sense:
(Canada) A holiday commemorating the birthdays of Queen Victoria and the reigning monarch of Canada, falling on the last Monday before May 25.


lexentry: eng/Victorian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Victorian
trans_list: victorien
sense:
(figuratively) Of or displaying the (supposed) ideals or standards of morality of that period; conservative; also, old-fashioned, out-of-date.


lexentry: eng/Victory_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Victory Day
trans_list: Jour de la Victoire
sense:
Any of various public holidays in various countries to commemorate victories in important battles or wars in the countries' history.


lexentry: eng/Vietnam_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vietnam War
trans_list: Guerre du Vietnam
sense:
(historical) The war that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia between 1955 and 1975 between South Vietnam (backed by the United States and SEATO) and North Vietnam aiding the South Vietnamese communist guerrilla army known as the Vietcong (supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union) for the struggle for total Communist control of Vietnam as one state.


lexentry: eng/Viking_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Viking Age
trans_list: Áge des Vikings
sense:
(historical) In European history, especially Scandinavian history, the period spanning the late 8th to 11th centuries, when the Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe for trade and conquest.


lexentry: eng/Viking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Viking
trans_list: Viking | viking
sense:
(historical) Scandinavian/Northern European seafarers, most familiarly raiders and pirates during the Viking age.


lexentry: eng/Virgil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgil
trans_list: Virgile
sense:
Pūblius Vergilius Marō (70–19 BCE), Roman epic writer from the Augustan period, best known for writing the Aeneid.


lexentry: eng/Virgin_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgin Islands
trans_list: Îles Vierges | îles Vierges
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising the British Virgin Islands and the United States Virgin Islands.


lexentry: eng/Virginia_stock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virginia stock
trans_list: giroflée de Mahon
sense:
A fragrant flower related to the stock, native to Greece and Albania, but widely grown in gardens elsewhere, Malcolmia maritima.


lexentry: eng/Virgo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgo
trans_list: Vierge
sense:
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation in the zodiac, imagined in the shape of a maiden, that contains the bright binary star Spica.


lexentry: eng/Virgo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Virgo
trans_list: Vierge
sense:
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the virgin, ruled by Mercury, that covers August 23 – September 23 (tropical astrology) or September 16 – October 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Vishnu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vishnu
trans_list: Vishnou
sense:
(Hinduism) One of the Trimurti (trinity) in Hindu mythology, and the most popularly venerated god in Hinduism. Vishnu is commonly depicted as being blue in colour and having four arms: with each hand holding either a lotus, a mace, a conch shell or chakram weapon. Vishnu is the Supreme being or Ultimate Reality for Vaishnavas and a manifestation of Brahman in the Advaita or Smarta traditions of Hinduism.


lexentry: eng/Visigoth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Visigoth
trans_list: Wisigoth | wisigoth
sense:
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Ostrogoths being the other), which participated in several wars with Rome and established a kingdom with Toulouse for its capital.


lexentry: eng/Vitruvian_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vitruvian Man
trans_list: homme de Vitruve
sense:
A drawing of human anatomy created by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1487, or a representation of it.


lexentry: eng/Vitruvian_scroll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vitruvian scroll
trans_list: flots-grecs
sense:
A scroll pattern used in borders and architectural mouldings, resembling waves in water or a series of parchment scrolls viewed on end.


lexentry: eng/Vladimir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vladimir
trans_list: Vladimir
sense:
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Влади́мир (Vladímir), popular throughout the history of Slavic countries and societies.


lexentry: eng/Volans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Volans
trans_list: Poisson volant
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a flying fish.


lexentry: eng/Voluptas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Voluptas
trans_list: Volupté
sense:
(Roman god) The Roman goddess of sensual pleasures. She is the daughter of Eros/Cupid and Psyche, and the grandaughter of Aphrodite/Venus and Ares/Mars. She is the Roman counterpart of Hedone.


lexentry: eng/Vulcan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulcan
trans_list: Vulcain
sense:
(Roman god) The god of volcanoes and fire, especially the forge, also the patron of all craftsmen, especially blacksmiths. The Roman counterpart of Hephaestus.


lexentry: eng/Vulcan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Vulcan
trans_list: Vulcain
sense:
(astronomy, historical) A hypothetical planet proposed in the 19th century to exist in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun. Coined by Jacques Bobinet


lexentry: eng/Vulcan_salute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulcan salute
trans_list: salut vulcain
sense:
A gesture of greeting among Star Trek fans, consisting of a raised hand with the palm forward and the thumb extended, and the fingers parted between the middle finger and ring finger.


lexentry: eng/Vulgar_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulgar Latin
trans_list: latin vulgaire
sense:
(linguistics, historical) The Latin language as spoken by the Roman people, as opposed to Classical Latin as written in formal literature. Developed into Proto-Romance and descendant languages in the Early Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Vyborg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vyborg
trans_list: Vyborg
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. In earlier times was part of Finland and Sweden, pop. 79,224 (as of 2002).


lexentry: eng/Võro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Võro
trans_list: võro
sense:
A language belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Estonian.


lexentry: eng/W-boson__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: W-boson
trans_list: boson W
sense:
(particle) a fundamental particle, a gauge boson, that, together with the Z-boson, mediates the weak nuclear force; it has a charge of ± 1


lexentry: eng/Wadden_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wadden Sea
trans_list: mer des Wadden
sense:
A shallow and narrow sea peripheral to the North Sea, situated between the Frisian Islands and the mainland coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Wadjet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wadjet
trans_list: Ouadjet
sense:
(Egyptian god) The patron goddess and namesake of the Ancient Egyptian city of Per-Wadjet, known as Buto to the Greeks. Wadjet takes the form of a cobra and is associated with the Eye of Horus.


lexentry: eng/Wahhabism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wahhabism
trans_list: wahhabisme
sense:
(Islam) A Sunni Islamic fundamentalist reform movement based on the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (c. 1703–1792), followed primarily in Saudi Arabia and Qatar.


lexentry: eng/Waldense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Waldense
trans_list: Vaudois
sense:
(historical, Christianity) A member of a sect of dissenters from the ecclesiastical system of the Roman Catholic Church, who in the 13th century were driven by persecution to the valleys of Piedmont.


lexentry: eng/Waldorf_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Waldorf salad
trans_list: salade Waldorf
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable) A type of salad, consisting of apple, nuts (especially walnuts), celery, and mayonnaise or a mayonnaise-based dressing.


lexentry: eng/Wall-Sun-Sun_prime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wall-Sun-Sun prime
trans_list: nombre premier de Wall-Sun-Sun
sense:
(number theory) A (hypothetical) prime number p such that p^2 divides F_{\pi(p)}, where F_n is the Fibonacci sequence and \pi(p) is the pth Pisano period (the period length of the Fibonacci sequence reduced modulo p).


lexentry: eng/Wallonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wallonia
trans_list: Wallonie
sense:
Federal Region of southern Belgium where French and German are the official languages, and where Lorrain, Luxembourgish, Picard, Franconian and Walloon languages are also spoken.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Walloon
trans_list: Wallon | Wallonne
sense:
An inhabitant of Wallonia, of Belgian nationality, nowadays generally French-speaking, but also possibly German-speaking.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Walloon
trans_list: Wallon | Wallonne
sense:
An inhabitant of the region of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet), usually of Belgian nationality.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Walloon
trans_list: wallon
sense:
The Romance language commonly spoken until the middle of the 20th century in parts of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet).


lexentry: eng/Walpurgis_night__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Walpurgis night
trans_list: Nuit de Walpurgis
sense:
Walpurgisnacht ("Walpurga's night"), a feast of witchcraft in German folklore, observed on 30 April.


lexentry: eng/Wandering_Jew__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wandering Jew
trans_list: juif errant
sense:
A Jewish shoemaker who, in Christian tradition, taunted Jesus Christ on the way to his (Jesus') crucifixion and for that was condemned to wander the Earth until Jesus' return (ie. the second coming).


lexentry: eng/Wanderwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wanderwort
trans_list: mot voyageur | mot vagabond
sense:
(linguistics) A loanword that has spread to many different languages, often through trade or the adoption of foreign cultural practices.


lexentry: eng/Waray-Waray__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Waray-Waray
trans_list: waray
sense:
(linguistics) A central Philippine Visayan language from the islands of Samar, Biliran, and northeast Leyte.


lexentry: eng/Warholian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warholian
trans_list: warholien
sense:
(art) Of or pertaining to Andy Warhol (Andrew Warhola, 1928–1987), American painter, printmaker and filmmaker, or his style or works.


lexentry: eng/Warner__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warner
trans_list: Garnier
sense:
A surname originating as a patronymic derived from a medieval given name, from Germanic war, warin "cautious; heedful; wary; watchful" + her, heri "army", modern German Werner.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw_Pact__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warsaw Pact
trans_list: Pacte de Varsovie | pacte de Varsovie
sense:
(international law) A pact (long-term alliance treaty) signed on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw by the Soviet Union and its Communist military allies in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw_Uprising__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warsaw Uprising
trans_list: insurrection de Varsovie
sense:
(historical) a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army, to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.


lexentry: eng/Warwick__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Warwick
trans_list: Warwick
sense:
Any of various other towns and cities around the world taking their name from the English town or from someone with this surname.


lexentry: eng/Washington,_D.C.__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Washington, D.C.
trans_list: Washington | Washington, district de Columbia
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formally known as the District of Columbia. Abbreviated as D.C. or DC.


lexentry: eng/Washington__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Washington
trans_list: Washington | État de Washington
sense:
George Washington, the first president of the United States, and commanding general during its war of independence.


lexentry: eng/Washington__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Washington
trans_list: Washington | État de Washington
sense:
(figuratively, metonymy) The federal government or administrative authority of the United States. From the capital city of Washington, D.C.


lexentry: eng/Washington__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Washington
trans_list: Washington | État de Washington
sense:
(US) A en given name, popular during the first century of American independence, given in honor of George Washington.


lexentry: eng/Watergate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Watergate
trans_list: Watergate
sense:
An American political scandal (beginning with a burglary in the Watergate Hotel in Washington, DC, in 1972) that eventually led to the resignation of US President Richard Nixon.


lexentry: eng/Way_of_the_Cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Way of the Cross
trans_list: chemin de croix
sense:
A series of pictures or statues depicting the Stations of the Cross, as laid out around a church, along a road etc.


lexentry: eng/Web_service__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Web service
trans_list: service web
sense:
(Internet, Web) A software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.


lexentry: eng/Weberian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weberian
trans_list: wébérien
sense:
(sociology, economy) Of or relating to Max Weber (1864–1920), influential German sociologist and political economist.


lexentry: eng/Wednesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wednesday
trans_list: mercredi
sense:
The fourth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the third day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Tuesday and precedes Thursday.


lexentry: eng/Weimar_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weimar Republic
trans_list: République de Weimar
sense:
(history) The democratic regime of Germany from 1919 to the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in 1933.


lexentry: eng/Weimar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Weimar
trans_list: Weimar
sense:
The period in German history from 1919 to 1933, when the nation was under a constitution drafted in the city of Weimar.


lexentry: eng/Wellington__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wellington
trans_list: Wellington
sense:
(card games) In the game of nap, a bid that results in the bidder winning quadruple, or losing double, the amount staked.


lexentry: eng/Wellington_boots__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wellington boots
trans_list: bottes en caoutchouc
sense:
(British) Waterproof rubber boots, intended to be worn in wet or muddy conditions. Short forms: wellies (singular welly or wellie)


lexentry: eng/Weltschmerz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weltschmerz
trans_list: mélancolie
sense:
An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness.


lexentry: eng/Wernicke's_aphasia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wernicke's aphasia
trans_list: aphasie de Wernicke
sense:
(medicine, pathology) A type of aphasia traditionally associated with neurological damage to Wernicke's area in the brain; the patient speaks with normal grammar, syntax, and intonation, but may use the wrong words or insert non-existent words.


lexentry: eng/Wernicke's_area__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wernicke's area
trans_list: aire de Wernicke
sense:
(anatomy) The posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant cerebral hemisphere, one of two parts of the cerebral cortex linked with speech (the other being Broca's area).


lexentry: eng/Weser__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weser
trans_list: Weser
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the longest entirely in the country, flowing north from south Lower Saxony into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Wessex__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wessex
trans_list: Wessex
sense:
(historical) One of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, existing between the 6th and 9th centuries, and comprising most of England south of the Thames.


lexentry: eng/West_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Asia
trans_list: Asie de l'Ouest
sense:
The westernmost region of Asia, which includes Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Sinai Peninsula, and Transcaucasia.


lexentry: eng/West_Bank__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Bank
trans_list: Cisjordanie
sense:
A Palestinian territory on the west bank of the Jordan river, claimed by both Israel and the State of Palestine.


lexentry: eng/West_Flanders__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: West Flanders
trans_list: Flandre-Occidentale | Flandre occidentale
sense:
The larger western part of the historic countship of Flanders, also comprising part of French Flanders (in northern France) and retaining a distinctive type of dialects


lexentry: eng/West_Flemish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Flemish
trans_list: flamand occidental
sense:
A group of Flemish dialects of the Dutch language in the western part of the historic countship of Flanders (now in Belgium and France)


lexentry: eng/West_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Frisian
trans_list: frison occidental
sense:
A language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands; one of the Frisian languages (or language varieties).


lexentry: eng/West_Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: West Germany
trans_list: Allemagne de l'Ouest
sense:
(since 1990) The former areas of the Republic during that time, distinguished from the former East German areas.


lexentry: eng/West_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: West Island
trans_list: Ouest-de-l'Île
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a region of the Island of Montreal composed of the cities and boroughs on the western portion of the island, and some neighbouring islands of that region; generally lying to the west of Autoroute 13.


lexentry: eng/West_Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Slavic
trans_list: slave occidental
sense:
A subgrouping of the Slavic language family spoken mainly in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lusatia (a small area in Germany).


lexentry: eng/West_Yorkshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Yorkshire
trans_list: Yorkshire de l'Ouest
sense:
(from 1974) TemplateParserError:LuaError bordering Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, Lancashire and Greater Manchester.


lexentry: eng/West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West
trans_list: Far West
sense:
(US) The Western United States (sometimes excluding the West Coast), particularly (historical) in reference to the 19th century Wild West.


lexentry: eng/Westcentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westcentrism
trans_list: occidentalocentrisme
sense:
The practice of viewing the world from a Western perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of Western culture.


lexentry: eng/Western_Abenaki__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Abenaki
trans_list: abénaki
sense:
The Abenaki language (an Algonquian) language), originally spoken in the northeastern United States; now spoken in Quebec.


lexentry: eng/Western_Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Armenian
trans_list: arménien occidental
sense:
One of the two standardized forms of the modern Armenian language, the other being Eastern Armenian. Following the Genocide of Armenians of 1915, it is now spoken by the descendants of Armenian survivors from the Ottoman Empire fleeing to Armenian diaspora, mainly in North America and South America, Europe and most of the Middle East except for Iran.


lexentry: eng/Western_Hemisphere__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Hemisphere
trans_list: hémisphère ouest
sense:
The hemisphere of the Earth to the west of the Greenwich Meridian (zero degree longitude) and east of 180 degrees longitude (approximately the International Date Line).


lexentry: eng/Western_Regions__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Regions
trans_list: Régions de l'Ouest
sense:
(historical) The region west of ancient China's Jade Gate along the Silk Road, which included areas such as Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Western_Wall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Wall
trans_list: Mur des Lamentations
sense:
(Judaism) An ancient wall on the western side of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, remnant of the Jewish Second Temple. It is the holiest site in Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Western__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Western
trans_list: ouest
sense:
Of or pertaining to a certain genre of film, television, literature, and so on, dealing with the American Old West.


lexentry: eng/Westernism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Westernism
trans_list: occidentaliste
sense:
(historical) An 19th-century intellectual ideology which saw Russia's development as dependent upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.


lexentry: eng/Westernizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westernizer
trans_list: occidentaliste
sense:
(historical) A member of a group of 19th-century intellectuals who believed that Russia's development depended upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.


lexentry: eng/Westminster_Abbey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westminster Abbey
trans_list: abbaye de Westminster
sense:
A large Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, next to the Houses of Parliament in London; the traditional place of coronation and burial of English monarchs.


lexentry: eng/Westminster_system__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westminster system
trans_list: système de Westminster
sense:
(politics) A democratic parliamentary system of government, used by and modelled after the British parliament in Westminster.


lexentry: eng/Westphalia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westphalia
trans_list: Westphalie
sense:
(politics) Westfalen, a subdivision (“Landschaftsverband”) of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.


lexentry: eng/Wetherill_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wetherill diagram
trans_list: diagramme de Wetherill
sense:
(geology, geochronology) A type of concordia diagram, used in the context of uranium–lead dating, whose axes are the ratios 206Pb/238U and 237Pb/235Pb.


lexentry: eng/Whig__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Whig
trans_list: whig
sense:
(UK politics) A member of an 18th- and 19th-century political party in Britain that was opposed to the Tories, and eventually became the Liberal Party.


lexentry: eng/Whirling_Dervish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Whirling Dervish
trans_list: derviches tourneurs
sense:
A Sufi of an ascetic order, centered in Turkey but widespread internationally, whose ritual religious observances involve mystical poetry of Mevlana (Rumi), music, and a whirling dance.


lexentry: eng/White_Russian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: White Russian
trans_list: russe blanc
sense:
Of or relating to Russians with tsarist or anti-Soviet sympathies in the period directly following the 1917 Revolution.


lexentry: eng/Whitehorse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Whitehorse
trans_list: Whitehorse
sense:
The City of Whitehorse, TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the White Horse Inn, a former tavern.


lexentry: eng/Wi-Fi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wi-Fi
trans_list: Wi-Fi | connexion sans fil
sense:
(networking, uncountable) Any of several standards for short-range wireless data transmission (IEEE 802.11).


lexentry: eng/Wicca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wicca
trans_list: wicca
sense:
A neopagan religion that was first popularized by books written in 1949, 1954, and 1959 by Englishman Gerald Gardner, involving the worship of a horned male god and a moon goddess, the observance of eight Sabbats, and the performance of various rituals.


lexentry: eng/Wii__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wii
trans_list: Wii
sense:
(video games) A video game system released worldwide by Nintendo in 2006, noted for its unique motion-based control system.


lexentry: eng/Wiimote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wiimote
trans_list: Wiimote
sense:
(video games, informal) The Wii Remote, the primary controller for the Nintendo Wii game console, noted for its motion-sensing capabilities.


lexentry: eng/Wikipedian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wikipedian
trans_list: wikipédiste | wikipédien
sense:
(WMF) A person who contributes to Wikipedia, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the website.


lexentry: eng/Wiktionarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wiktionarian
trans_list: wiktionnariste | wikidémicien | wikidémicienne
sense:
(Wikimedia jargon) A person who contributes to Wiktionary, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the site.


lexentry: eng/Wiktionary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wiktionary
trans_list: Wiktionnaire
sense:
A particular version of this dictionary project, written in a certain language, such as the English-language Wiktionary (often known simply as the English Wiktionary).


lexentry: eng/Wild_West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wild West
trans_list: Far West
sense:
(historical) The western United States during the 19th-century era of settlement, commonly believed to be lawless and unruly.


lexentry: eng/Wild_West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wild West
trans_list: bordel | cirque | far west | foutoir
sense:
(by extension) A place or situation in which disorderly behavior prevails, especially due to a lack of regulatory oversight or an inadequate legal system.


lexentry: eng/Wilson's_storm_petrel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wilson's storm petrel
trans_list: océanite de Wilson
sense:
A small seabird of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae, breeding on the Antarctic coastlines and nearby islands such as the South Shetland Islands.


lexentry: eng/Windows__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Windows
trans_list: Windows
sense:
(operating systems, trademark) Microsoft Windows, an operating system with a WIMP graphical user interface that dominates the personal computer market.


lexentry: eng/Windward_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Windward Islands
trans_list: îles du Vent
sense:
The southern islands of the Lesser Antilles, composed of the island nations of Dominica, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados, Grenada and Trinidad and Tobago.


lexentry: eng/Winnie_the_Pooh__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Winnie the Pooh
trans_list: Winnie l'ourson
sense:
A talking bear from an English children's book series carrying the same name, noted for his sweet, simple nature, and his love of honey.


lexentry: eng/Winter_Triangle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Winter Triangle
trans_list: Triangle d'hiver
sense:
[the W- T-] (asterism) A bright asterism of the northern winter sky. Its corners are the three 1st-magnitude stars Betelgeuse (α Ori), Procyon (α CMi), and Sirius (α CMa).


lexentry: eng/Winter_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Winter War
trans_list: guerre hiver
sense:
A war between Finland and the Soviet Union in 1939-40, as a result of which Finland lost 11% of its territory and the Soviet Union was expelled from the League of Nations.


lexentry: eng/Wisdom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wisdom
trans_list: Sagesse
sense:
(biblical) The Wisdom of Solomon, a book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/Witt_group__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Witt group
trans_list: groupe de Witt
sense:
(algebra) Given a field k of characteristic ≠ 2, the abelian group of equivalence classes of nondegenerate symmetric bilinear forms over k (where the equivalence relation is such that two forms are equivalent if each is obtainable from the other by adding a metabolic quadratic space), with the group operation corresponding to that of orthogonal direct sum of forms;(algebraic geometry, by extension) given a variety X, the quotient of the Grothendieck group of isometry classes of quadratic spaces on X, with respect to orthogonal sum, modulo the subgroup generated by metabolic spaces(category theory, by extension) given a category with duality, the quotient of isometry classes of symmetric spaces, modulo metabolic spaces.


lexentry: eng/Woden__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Woden
trans_list: Wotan | Odin
sense:
The Germanic chief god, distributor of talents and god of wisdom and war (corresponding to Odin), especially in his Anglo-Saxon form.


lexentry: eng/Wookiee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wookiee
trans_list: wookie
sense:
A member of a fictional race of tall, hairy bipeds in the universe of the Star Wars motion pictures.


lexentry: eng/Worcestershire_sauce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Worcestershire sauce
trans_list: sauce Worcestershire
sense:
An English condiment made with vinegar, onions, garlic, etc.; a thin piquant sauce used as a table sauce, to flavour casseroles etc. and as an ingredient in Bloody Marys.


lexentry: eng/World_Bank__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Bank
trans_list: Banque mondiale
sense:
A group of five financial organizations whose purpose is economic development and the elimination of poverty.


lexentry: eng/World_Exposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Exposition
trans_list: expo | exposition universelle
sense:
Any of various large international expositions held since the mid 19th century, often called "Expo".


lexentry: eng/World_Trade_Organization__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Trade Organization
trans_list: Organisation mondiale du commerce | OMC | WTO
sense:
An international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade.


lexentry: eng/World_War_II__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World War II
trans_list: Seconde Guerre mondiale | Deuxième Guerre mondiale
sense:
(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.


lexentry: eng/World_War_I__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World War I
trans_list: Première Guerre mondiale
sense:
(history) The war from 1914 to 1918 between the Entente Powers of the British Empire, Russian Empire, France, Italy, the United States and other allied nations, against the Central Powers represented by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.


lexentry: eng/World_Wide_Web__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Wide Web
trans_list: Toile d'araignée mondiale
sense:
(Internet) Usually preceded by the: collectively, all of the hypertext documents (web pages) on the Internet stored in different computers around the world that hyperlink to each other and to other kinds of media, and are typically retrieved by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).


lexentry: eng/Wormian_bone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wormian bone
trans_list: os wormien
sense:
(anatomy) Any small irregular bone occasionally occurring in the cranium in addition to the normal bones.


lexentry: eng/Wrocław__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wrocław
trans_list: Wrocław | Breslau
sense:
A city, located in Silesia in what is now southwestern Poland. (At different points in history, the city has been part of Bohemia, Prussia, Germany, and Poland.)


lexentry: eng/Wu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wu
trans_list: wu
sense:
(historic) The kingdom ruled by the Ji family from Wuxi and then Suzhou during the Spring and Autumn period of China's Zhou dynasty.


lexentry: eng/Wu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wu
trans_list: wu
sense:
The family of Chinese languages spoken in that region, including Shanghainese and Suzhounese, the second-most spoken family after Mandarin.


lexentry: eng/Wyandot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wyandot
trans_list: huron-wendat | wendat
sense:
A member of a Native American people, formed from the Huron confederacy, that lived in and around Ohio.


lexentry: eng/X-bar_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: X-bar theory
trans_list: théorie X-barre
sense:
(linguistics) A theory that posits a common syntactic structure for different lexical categories. Each phrase (XP) is the projection of a head (X) and may optionally include a specifier (sister of X-bar, daughter of XP), adjuncts (sister and daughter of X-bar) and complements (sister of X, daughter of X-bar).


lexentry: eng/X-ray__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: X-ray
trans_list: rayon Röntgen | rayon X
sense:
Short wavelength electromagnetic radiation usually produced by bombarding a metal target in a vacuum. Used to create images of the internal structure of objects; this is possible because X-rays pass through most objects and can expose photographic film.


lexentry: eng/X-ray__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: X-ray
trans_list: radiographier | soumettre à un examen radiographique
sense:
(transitive, informal) To take a radiograph of; to obtain an image of using X-ray radiation, especially for the purpose of medical diagnostic evaluation.


lexentry: eng/X-ray_vision__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: X-ray vision
trans_list: vision à rayon X
sense:
(literally) Vision into the X-ray portion of the light spectrum, enabling visibility through certain solid matter.


lexentry: eng/XO_sauce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: XO sauce
trans_list: sauce XO
sense:
A spicy sauce from Hong Kong, made from roughly chopped dried seafood, chili peppers, onions, and garlic.


lexentry: eng/X_chromosome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: X chromosome
trans_list: chromosome X
sense:
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.


lexentry: eng/Xavier__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Xavier
trans_list: Xavier
sense:
Any of various notable people with this name as given name or surname, especially Saint Francis Xavier, a Spanish Catholic saint and missionary (1506–1552).


lexentry: eng/Xbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xbox
trans_list: Xbox
sense:
(video games, trademark) Any of the home consoles in Microsoft's Xbox product line, especially the original Xbox.


lexentry: eng/Xiongnu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xiongnu
trans_list: Xiongnu
sense:
(historical) An ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han dynasty.


lexentry: eng/YHWH__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: YHWH
trans_list: Yahvé
sense:
Known as the "Tetragrammaton", the four Hebrew letters יהוה which are transliterated into the Latin alphabet as YHWH (or IHVH, JHVH, or YHVH). Usually vowels are added to produce the spelling Jehovah, Yehovah or Yahweh (Jahaveh, Jahve, Jahveh, Jahweh, Yahve, Yahveh, Yahwe).


lexentry: eng/YOLO__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: YOLO
trans_list: on n'a qu'une vie | on ne vit qu'une fois
sense:
(slang) Initialism of you only live once, i.e. expressing the view that one should make the most of the present moment.


lexentry: eng/Y_chromosome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Y chromosome
trans_list: chromosome Y
sense:
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome, occurring only in male cells. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.


lexentry: eng/Yahweh__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yahweh
trans_list: Yahweh
sense:
(history of religion) The name of the God of Israel worshipped by the Jahwist prophets in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Yangtze__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yangtze
trans_list: Yangtsé | Yangzi Jiang | fleuve Bleu
sense:
The chief river of central China and the third longest river in the world, flowing 6300 km from the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai, passing Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing, and emptying into the East China Sea beside Shanghai.


lexentry: eng/Yankee__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Yankee
trans_list: Yankee
sense:
(chiefly southern, _, Louisiana) An Anglo, as opposed to someone with French ancestry; a native or inhabitant of the rest of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Yazidi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yazidi
trans_list: yazidi | Yézidie | yézidie | Yazidi | Yazidie | Yézidi
sense:
member of a Kurdish-speaking people of northern Iraq, Armenia and Caucasus, whose religion is Yazidism


lexentry: eng/Yellow_River__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yellow River
trans_list: fleuve Jaune | Huang He
sense:
The chief river of the North China Plain, currently flowing 5,463 km from the Bayan Har Mountains of Qinghai to the Bohai Sea but historically prone to massive floods which caused its course to vary widely over time.


lexentry: eng/Yenisei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yenisei
trans_list: Ienisseï
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The longest river of Siberia. It flows from south down to north into the Arctic Ocean, splitting Siberia in two parts: the Eastern Siberia and the Western Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Yggdrasil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yggdrasil
trans_list: Ygdrasil | Ygdrasill | Yggdrasil | Yggdrasill
sense:
(Norse mythology) An immense ash tree that is central in Norse cosmology, believed to connect the nine worlds.


lexentry: eng/Yiddish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yiddish
trans_list: yiddish | yidiche
sense:
A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.


lexentry: eng/Yiddishland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yiddishland
trans_list: Yiddishland
sense:
A region where Yiddish is spoken; the areas of Eastern Europe or the Jewish Autonomous Oblast that had significant numbers of Jewish inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Yoda_condition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yoda condition
trans_list: condition Yoda
sense:
(programming, informal) A logical condition with the usual order of operands reversed — e.g. if (18 == age) rather than if (age == 18) — for various reasons, such as avoiding accidental misuse of = (assignment) instead of == (equality), a mistake that is harder to spot when using the normal order of operands.


lexentry: eng/Yom_Kippur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yom Kippur
trans_list: Yom Kippour
sense:
(Judaism) A particular Jewish holiday, the day of atonement, falling on the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei.


lexentry: eng/Yoneda_lemma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yoneda lemma
trans_list: lemme de Yoneda
sense:
(category theory) Given a category \mathcal{C} with an object A, let H be a hom functor represented by A, and let F be any functor (not necessarily representable) from \mathcal{C} to Sets, then there is a natural isomorphism between Nat(H,F), the set of natural transformations from H to F, and the set F(A). (Any natural transformation \alpha from H to F is determined by what \alpha_A(\mbox{id}_A) is.)


lexentry: eng/York__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: York
trans_list: York | Yorck | Yorque
sense:
The House of York, a dynasty of English kings and one of the opposing factions involved in the 15th century Wars of the Roses. The name comes from the fact that its members were descended from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York; their symbol was a white rose.


lexentry: eng/Yorkshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yorkshire
trans_list: Yorkshire
sense:
England's largest county. Situated in the north-east of England; divided into three ridings, (North, West and East, and The City Of York). Since 1974 for administration purposes local government has used different divisions.


lexentry: eng/Yoruba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yoruba
trans_list: yoruba
sense:
A sub-Saharan language. It belongs to the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family, and has nearly 40 million speakers in Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Sierra Leone, as well as communities in Brazil and Cuba.


lexentry: eng/YouTube_poop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: YouTube poop
trans_list: YouTube poop
sense:
(internet slang) On the video sharing site YouTube, a humorous or surreal video mashup made of clips from a television show, movie, other video, etc. with visual and auditory effects.


lexentry: eng/Young_Poland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Young Poland
trans_list: Jeune Pologne
sense:
(historical) The modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature, and music which lasted from the end of the 19th century to 1918.


lexentry: eng/Your_Excellency__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Your Excellency
trans_list: M.
sense:
(formal) A title of respect used when addressing heads of state other than monarchs, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, certain ecclesiastics, royalty, and others holding equivalent rank.


lexentry: eng/Your_Majesty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Your Majesty
trans_list: Votre Majesté | sire
sense:
(formal) A term of address used in direct address to a monarch of higher rank than a prince, such as a king, queen, emperor, or empress.


lexentry: eng/Yucatán__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yucatán
trans_list: Péninsule du Yucatán | Yucatán
sense:
A peninsula in North America incorporating the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo as well as Belize and northeastern Guatemala.


lexentry: eng/Yugoslavia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yugoslavia
trans_list: Yougoslavie
sense:
(historical) A former country on the Balkan Peninsula, made up of the now-independent nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia; it disintegrated in the 1990s.


lexentry: eng/Yukon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Yukon
trans_list: Yukon
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the Yukon Territory and Alaska, which gives its name to the territory.


lexentry: eng/Yule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yule
trans_list: fêtes
sense:
Christmastide, the Christmas season, the Twelve Days of Christmas (between December 25th and January 5th).


lexentry: eng/Yule_log__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Yule log
trans_list: bûche de Noël | buche de Noël
sense:
A log-shaped Christmas sponge cake, covered in chocolate, traditionally from French-speaking countries.


lexentry: eng/Yup'ik__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Yup'ik
trans_list: yupik de l'Alaska central
sense:
(linguistics) A subbranch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. This is the only language family known to straddle both North America and Asia. It is centered squarely in Alaska and is thought to have migrated across to Siberia a few hundred years ago.


lexentry: eng/Z-boson__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Z-boson
trans_list: boson Z
sense:
(particle) a fundamental particle, a gauge boson, that, together with the W-boson, mediates the weak nuclear force; it has a charge of 0


lexentry: eng/ZWNJ__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ZWNJ
trans_list: antiliant sans chasse
sense:
(computing, typography) Initialism of zero-width non-joiner (“non-printing character used to avoid ligatures”).


lexentry: eng/Zambezi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zambezi
trans_list: Zambèze
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, flowing south and west from Zambia through east Angola and Zambia and then east along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe into and through central Mozambique to the Indian Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Zamboanga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Zamboanga
trans_list: Zamboanga
sense:
The Republic of Zamboanga, a short-lived revolutionary republic, founded after the collapse of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, existing between May and November 1899.


lexentry: eng/Zangi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zangi
trans_list: Zangi
sense:
ʿImād ad-Dīn Zangī (d. 541/1146), Turkmen founder of the Zangid dynasty which ruled northern Iraq and Syria between the 12th and 13th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Zaporizhia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Zaporizhia
trans_list: Zaporijia | Zaporojié
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; The region “beyond the rapids” in the lower reach of the river Dnieper in Ukraine, base of the Zaporozhian Cossacks.


lexentry: eng/Zapotec__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zapotec
trans_list: Zapothèque
sense:
A member of an indigenous people of Mexico, concentrated in the state of Oaxaca and spread into some neighbouring states.


lexentry: eng/Zechariah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Zechariah
trans_list: Zacharie
sense:
(biblical character) A Hebrew prophet traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.


lexentry: eng/Zeelandic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zeelandic
trans_list: zélandais
sense:
A regional language similar to Dutch, spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee.


lexentry: eng/Zen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zen
trans_list: zen
sense:
(religion) A school of Mahayana Buddhism characterized by sudden enlightenment achieved by indirect means and principally associated with China and Japan.


lexentry: eng/Zephyrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zephyrus
trans_list: Zéphyr
sense:
(Greek god) The Ancient Greek god of the west wind, supposed to be the gentlest of the winds and the messenger of spring. His parents are Eos/Aurora and Astraeus, and his brothers are Boreas, Notus and Eurus, (the Anemoi), and the Astra Planeta. His wife is Chloris and their son is Karpos. His Roman counterpart is Favonius.


lexentry: eng/Zeppelin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zeppelin
trans_list: zeppelin
sense:
(aviation) A type of large dirigible rigid airship of the early 20th century, built by the German Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and designed to carry passengers or bombs.


lexentry: eng/Zerubbabel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zerubbabel
trans_list: Zorobabel
sense:
(biblical character) a governor of the Persian Province of Judah, who led the first group of Jews returned from the Babylonian Captivity.


lexentry: eng/Zhuyin_fuhao__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zhuyin fuhao
trans_list: bopomofo | zhuyin fuhao
sense:
A phonetic alphabet used to transcribe Mandarin for students of that language and for inputting Chinese, now used primarily only in Taiwan. Variants also exist for other Chinese lects spoken in Taiwan.


lexentry: eng/Zion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zion
trans_list: Sion
sense:
A landmark hill (or "mount") on which ancient Jerusalem was partly built, a centerpiece to Biblical accounts of old days and future eschatological events.


lexentry: eng/Zionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zionism
trans_list: sionisme
sense:
(politics) Jewish nationalism, the movement which supported first the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland and now supports the continuation of a Jewish state in Israel.


lexentry: eng/Zoroaster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zoroaster
trans_list: Zoroastre | Zarathoustra | Zarathushtra
sense:
An ancient Iranian prophet after whom the indigenous Iranian ethnic religion, Zoroastrianism, is named, also venerated in Mithraism.


lexentry: eng/Zorro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zorro
trans_list: Zorro
sense:
A fictional character, a daring and mysterious avenger, created in 1919 by pulp writer Johnston McCulley.


lexentry: eng/Zouave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zouave
trans_list: zouave
sense:
(military, historical) One of a body of soldiers in the French service, originally Kabyle, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Kabyle dress.


lexentry: eng/Zulu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zulu
trans_list: Zoulou | Zouloue
sense:
A member of an African ethnic group living mainly in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in eastern South Africa.


lexentry: eng/a.m.__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a.m.
trans_list: avant-midi | du matin
sense:
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from midnight to noon (the first half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.


lexentry: eng/a_cappella__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a cappella
trans_list: a cappella
sense:
(music) In a manner of a choir with no instrumental accompaniment; literally, "in the style of the (Sistine) Chapel (in Rome)", such as a musical Mass done a cappella. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/a_cat_may_look_at_a_king__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a cat may look at a king
trans_list: un chien regarde bien un évêque
sense:
A purported inferior has certain rights or prerogatives, even in the presence of a purported superior.


lexentry: eng/a_little_bird_told_me__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a little bird told me
trans_list: mon petit doigt m'a dit
sense:
(idiomatic, chiefly, humorous) I received the information from a source which I am not prepared to disclose.


lexentry: eng/a_man's_home_is_his_castle__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A proverbial expression of personal privacy and security.
written_rep: a man's home is his castle
trans_list:
charbonnier est maître chez lui | charbonnier est maître en sa demeure | cordonnier est maître chez lui


lexentry: eng/a_spoonful_of_sugar_helps_the_medicine_go_down__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down
trans_list: un morceau de sucre aide la médecine à couler
sense:
An otherwise unpleasant situation can be pleasant when a pleasant aspect is deliberately introduced.


lexentry: eng/a_stitch_in_time_saves_nine__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a stitch in time saves nine
trans_list: mieux vaut prévenir que guérir | un point fait à temps en épargne cent
sense:
A little effort expended sooner to fix a small problem prevents it from becoming a larger problem requiring more effort to fix later.


lexentry: eng/a_stopped_clock_is_right_twice_a_day__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a stopped clock is right twice a day
trans_list: même une pendule cassée donne l'heure deux fois par jour
sense:
A normally unreliable person or instrument can occasionally provide correct information, even if only by accident.


lexentry: eng/a_woman_without_a_man_is_like_a_fish_without_a_bicycle__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle
trans_list: une femme sans homme est comme un poisson sans bicyclette
sense:
(figuratively, humorous, simile) A woman is capable of living a complete and independent life without a man. [from 1970]


lexentry: eng/aa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aa
trans_list: aa
sense:
(volcanology) A form of lava flow associated with Hawaiian-type volcanoes, consisting of basaltic rock, usually dark-colored with a jagged and loose, clinkery surface. Compare pahoehoe. [From 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/aardvark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aardvark
trans_list: oryctérope
sense:
The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/aardwolf__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aardwolf
trans_list: loup fouisseur | protèle
sense:
A nocturnal, insectivorous mammal, Proteles cristatus, of southern and eastern Africa, related to and resembling the hyena. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_initio__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ab initio
trans_list: commencement
sense:
(legal) From the time when a law, legal right or decree, contract, ownership interest, partnership (etc.) comes into force. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aba__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aba
trans_list: abaya
sense:
A loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, worn by Arabs. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aba__Noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aba
trans_list: gymnarque du Nil
sense:
The electric fish Gymnarchus niloticus (frankfish, freshwater rat-tail, African knifefish), found in swamps, lakes and rivers in Africa.


lexentry: eng/abaca__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abaca
trans_list: abaca
sense:
(uncountable) The fiber of this plant, used in rope, fibers, and cloth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aback__Adverb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: aback
trans_list: derrière
sense:
(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the "wrong" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abaculus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abaculus
trans_list: abacule
sense:
(archaic) A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements; abaciscus.


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: abaque
sense:
(historical, obsolete) A table or tray scattered with sand which was used for calculating or drawing. [attested from c. 1387]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: abaque | boulier | boulier compteur
sense:
A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: abaque | tailloir
sense:
(architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abaft__Preposition__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abaft
trans_list: en arrière de | sur l'arrière de
sense:
(nautical) Behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of. [First attested around the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abalone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abalone
trans_list: haliotide | ormeau
sense:
(North America, Australia) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: abandonner
sense:
(transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: abandonner
sense:
(transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandoned__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandoned
trans_list: dévergondé | dévergondée
sense:
Having given oneself up to vice; immoral; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked. [First attested from 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abandoned__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abandoned
trans_list: abandonné
sense:
No longer maintained by its former owners, residents, or caretakers; forsaken, deserted. [Late 15th century]


lexentry: eng/abandonment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandonment
trans_list: désertion | abandon
sense:
The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandonment__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abandonment
trans_list: désertion
sense:
The cessation of service on a particular segment of the lines of a common carrier, as granted by a government agency.


lexentry: eng/abandonware__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandonware
trans_list: abandogiciel | logiciel abandonné
sense:
(software, chiefly, _, video games) A software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it.


lexentry: eng/abase__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abase
trans_list: humilier | abaisser | baisser | rabaisser
sense:
(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. [from c. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/abash__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abash
trans_list: confondre
sense:
(transitive) To make ashamed; to embarrass; to destroy the self-possession of, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to disconcert; to discomfit. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350).]


lexentry: eng/abatacept__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatacept
trans_list: abatacept
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A fusion protein composed of an immunoglobulin fused to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, a molecule capable of binding B7, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abate
trans_list: déduire | retrancher
sense:
Chiefly followed by from, of, etc.: to omit or remove (a part from a whole); to deduct, to subtract. [15th–19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abate
trans_list: réduire
sense:
To lower in price or value; (law) specifically, of a bequest in a will: to lower in value because the testator's estate is insufficient to satisfy all the bequests in full. [from early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: réduction
sense:
The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; a moderation; removal or putting an end to; the suppression. [First attested from 1340 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: défalcation
sense:
(accounting) The deduction of minor revenues incidental to an operation in calculating the cost of the operation.


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: abattement | crédit | diminution | déduction | dégrèvement | réduction
sense:
An amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed; in particular from a tax. [Late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: abaissement
sense:
(heraldry) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon; any figure added to the coat of arms tending to lower the dignity or station of the bearer. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abatis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatis
trans_list: abattis
sense:
A means of defense formed by felled trees, or sometimes by bent trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy, and more recently fortified with barbed wire. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abax
trans_list: abaque
sense:
An ancient counting board containing grooves in which counters were placed; a forerunner of the abacus.


lexentry: eng/abbacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abbacy
trans_list: abbatiat
sense:
The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abbess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abbess
trans_list: abbesse
sense:
A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. [First attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abbey__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abbey
trans_list: abbaye
sense:
A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abbreviate
trans_list: abréger
sense:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abbreviation
trans_list: abréviation
sense:
(linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase, used to represent the whole, utilizing omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abbreviation
trans_list: abréviation
sense:
(music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.


lexentry: eng/abbreviature__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abbreviature
trans_list: abréviation
sense:
A shortened form of a word or phrase, used in place of the whole; an abbreviation. [since the mid 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abc_conjecture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abc conjecture
trans_list: conjecture abc
sense:
(number theory) Given coprime positive integers a, b and c, such that a + b = c, and d the radical of abc (the product of its distinct prime factors), the conjecture that d is usually not much smaller than c (in other words, that if a and b are divisible by large powers of primes, then c usually is not).


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abdicate
trans_list: abdiquer
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit. [mid 16th – early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abdicate
trans_list: abdiquer
sense:
(transitive) To surrender, renounce or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; to fail to fulfill responsibility for. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abdicate
trans_list: abdiquer
sense:
(intransitive) To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity; to renounce sovereignty. [First attested in the early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdication__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abdication
trans_list: abdication
sense:
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abdomen__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abdomen
trans_list: abdomen
sense:
(anatomy) The cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the viscera; often restricted in humans to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdominal_cavity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abdominal cavity
trans_list: cavité abdominale
sense:
(anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.


lexentry: eng/abdominoplasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abdominoplasty
trans_list: abdominoplastie
sense:
(surgery, uncountable) The surgical removal of excess flesh from the abdomen, usually for cosmetic reasons.


lexentry: eng/abduct__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abduct
trans_list: ravir | enlever
sense:
(transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abduction
trans_list: abduction
sense:
(anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abduction
trans_list: abduction
sense:
(logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major premise is evident, but the minor is only probable. [Late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abductor__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abductor
trans_list: abducteur
sense:
(anatomy) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or from the median line of the body[early 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abeam__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abeam
trans_list: par le travers
sense:
(nautical, aircraft) Alongside or abreast; opposite the center of the side of the ship or aircraft. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abecedary__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abecedary
trans_list: abécédaire
sense:
One that teaches or learns the alphabet or the fundamentals of any subject; abecedarian. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abeng__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abeng
trans_list: abeng
sense:
(Jamaica, wind instrument) An animal (usually bull) horn used by the Maroon people of Jamaica as a musical instrument; and also (historical) formerly by slaveholders to summon slaves to canefields and by the Maroon army to communicate cryptic messages over great distances.


lexentry: eng/aberrance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aberrance
trans_list: aberrance
sense:
State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aberrant
trans_list: aberrant
sense:
Differing from the norm. [First attested sometime between the mid 16th century and the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aberrant
trans_list: aberrant
sense:
(sometimes, figuratively) Straying from the right way; deviating from morality or truth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberration
sense:
The act of wandering; deviation from truth, moral rectitude; abnormal; divergence from the straight, correct, proper, normal, or from the natural state. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberration
sense:
(optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberration | anomalie | anormalité
sense:
(astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberration
sense:
(zoology, botany) Atypical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberration
sense:
(medicine) A deviation of a tissue, organ or mental functions from what is considered to be within the normal range.


lexentry: eng/abessive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abessive case
trans_list: abessif
sense:
(grammatical case) A grammatical case used to express the lack or absence of something. It has the meaning of the English preposition without or the affix -less.


lexentry: eng/abettor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abettor
trans_list: complice | incitateur | incitatrice
sense:
One that abets an offender; one that incites; instigates; encourages. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abeyance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abeyance
trans_list: vacance | vacant
sense:
(legal) Expectancy; a condition when an ownership of real property is undetermined; lapse in succession of ownership of estate, or title. [Late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abhor__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abhor
trans_list: abhorrer | avoir horreur
sense:
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) as horrifying or detestable; to feel great repugnance toward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: abide
trans_list: demeurer | rester
sense:
(intransitive, archaic, Scotland) To stay; to continue in a place; to remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to be left. [from ca. 1150—1350]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: abide
trans_list: demeurer
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To endure or undergo a hard trial or a task; to stand up under. [from ca. 1150—1350 to early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: abide
trans_list: demeurer
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To await submissively; accept without question; submit to. [from ca. 1350—1470]


lexentry: eng/abide_by__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abide by
trans_list: conformer | obéir | soumettre
sense:
(transitive) To accept (a decision or law) and act in accordance with it; to conform to (a decision or law); to acquiesce to (a decision or law).


lexentry: eng/abiding__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abiding
trans_list: continuel | sempiternel
sense:
Continuing or persisting in the same state: lasting, enduring; steadfast. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abietic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abietic acid
trans_list: acide abiétique
sense:
(organic compound) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C19H29COOH


lexentry: eng/ability__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ability
trans_list: capacité | pouvoir | habileté
sense:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ability__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: ability
trans_list: capacité | pouvoir
sense:
(countable) A skill or competence in doing; mental power; talent; aptitude. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abiogenesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abiogenesis
trans_list: abiogenèse
sense:
(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents. [from 1870]


lexentry: eng/abiotic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abiotic
trans_list: abiotique
sense:
Nonliving, inanimate, characterised by the absence of life; of inorganic matter. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abjad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abjad
trans_list: abjad
sense:
A writing system for Arabic, historically also employed as a numeral system, in which there is one glyph (symbol or letter) for each consonant but vowels are not specified.


lexentry: eng/abjad__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abjad
trans_list: abjad
sense:
(linguistics) Any writing system in which glyphs are used to represent consonants or consonantal phonemes, but not vowels.


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abject
trans_list: abject | misérable | fangeux
sense:
Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable. [from early 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abject
trans_list: abject | abjecte | méprisable
sense:
Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile. [from mid 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abject
trans_list: misérable | paria
sense:
A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; an oppressed person; an outcast; also, such people as a class. [from early 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abjuration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abjuration
trans_list: abjuration
sense:
A solemn recantation or renunciation on oath; as, an abjuration of heresy. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abjure__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abjure
trans_list: abjurer
sense:
(transitive) To reject with solemnity; to abandon forever; to repudiate; to disclaim. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/ablactation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablactation
trans_list: sevrage
sense:
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young animals from their dam. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ablation
trans_list: ablation
sense:
(surgery) The surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ablation
trans_list: ablation
sense:
(sciences) The progressive removal of material by any of a variety of processes such as melting or vaporization under heat or chipping. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative
trans_list: ablatif
sense:
(grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablative_absolute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative absolute
trans_list: ablatif absolu
sense:
(grammar) A construction in Latin and other sister languages in which an independent phrase with a noun in the ablative case has a participle, adjective, or noun, expressed or implied, which agrees with it in gender, number and case – both words forming a clause grammatically unconnected with the rest of the sentence.


lexentry: eng/ablative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative case
trans_list: ablatif
sense:
(grammar) A noun case used in some languages to indicate movement away from something, removal, separation. In English grammar, it corresponds roughly to the use in English of prepositions "of", "from", "away from", and "concerning". In Latin grammar, the ablative case (cāsus ablātīvus) includes functions derived from the Indo-European ablative, instrumental, comitative, associative and locative cases; these cases express concepts similar to those of the English prepositions "of"/"from", "by", "with", "to"/"with", and "at"/"in", respectively. Here/hence/hither, there/thence/thither, and where/whence/whither are the only English words with separate forms for the ablative (motion away from) and lative (motion towards) cases.


lexentry: eng/ablaut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablaut
trans_list: apophonie
sense:
(phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/able-bodied_seaman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: able-bodied seaman
trans_list: mat
sense:
A seaman, especially one in the merchant navy, who has been trained or certified in all routine duties; a member of the Royal Navy rated between ordinary seaman and leading seaman or boatswain's mate


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: able
trans_list: capable
sense:
Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: able
trans_list: capable | expérimenté
sense:
Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abloom__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abloom
trans_list: florissant
sense:
(postpositive) In or into bloom; in a blooming state; having flower blooms unfolding. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablution
trans_list: ablution
sense:
(Western, _, Christianity) The rinsing of the priest's hand and the sacred vessel following the Communion with, depending on rite, water or a mix of it and wine, which may then be drunk by the priest. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/ablution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablution
trans_list: ablution
sense:
The act of washing or cleansing the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. [From mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnegate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnegate
trans_list: abnéguer
sense:
(transitive) To deny (oneself something); to renounce or give up (a right, a power, a claim, a privilege, a convenience). [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormal
trans_list: anormal | exceptionnel | hors norme | inhabituel
sense:
Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abnormal
trans_list: anormal | anormale
sense:
Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormality
trans_list: anormalité | anomalie
sense:
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormally__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormally
trans_list: anormalement
sense:
In an abnormal manner; in a way that deviates from a standard, norm, or average. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abode__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abode
trans_list: demeure
sense:
(dated, or, legal) Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. [Attested from (1350 to 1470) to the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolish__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abolish
trans_list: détruire
sense:
(archaic) To put an end to or destroy, as a physical object; to wipe out. [First attested from around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abolitionism
trans_list: abolitionnisme
sense:
Support for the abolition of something; the tenets of abolitionists. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abolitionist
trans_list: abolitionniste
sense:
A person who favors the abolition of any particular institution or practice. [since the late 18th century]


lexentry: eng/abomasum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abomasum
trans_list: caillette
sense:
(biology, food) The fourth or digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.


lexentry: eng/abominable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abominable
trans_list: abominable
sense:
Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. [first attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abominate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abominate
trans_list: abominer
sense:
(transitive) To feel disgust towards; to loathe or detest thoroughly; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abonnement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abonnement
trans_list: abonnement
sense:
A subscription or season ticket in a French-speaking country or another country where abonnement is the local term. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aboriginal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aboriginal
trans_list: aborigène | indigène
sense:
First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aborigine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aborigine
trans_list: aborigène | autochtone
sense:
A native inhabitant of a country; a member of the original people. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abort
trans_list: avorton
sense:
(military, aeronautics) An early termination of a mission, action, or procedure in relation to missiles or spacecraft; the craft making such a mission.


lexentry: eng/abort__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abort
trans_list: fausse couche | avorton
sense:
(now, rare) The product of a miscarriage; an aborted offspring; an abortion. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abort__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abort
trans_list: fausse couche
sense:
(obsolete) A miscarriage; an untimely birth; an abortion. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abort__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abort
trans_list: avorter | interrompre | abandonner
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To cause a premature termination of (a fetus); to end a pregnancy before term. [Attested since at least the 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abort__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abort
trans_list: fausse couche | avorter
sense:
(transitive, biology) To cause an organism to develop minimally; to cause rudimentary development to happen; to prevent maturation. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortifacient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortifacient
trans_list: abortif | remède abortif
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or an agent that induces an abortion. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortion
trans_list: avortement | IVG | interruption volontaire de grossesse
sense:
(medicine) The expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus.[from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abortion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abortion
trans_list: avortement | IVG | avorton | interruption volontaire de grossesse
sense:
(biology) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abortionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortionist
trans_list: avorteur | avorteuse | médecin avorteur
sense:
(now, sometimes, offensive) A person who performs abortions, especially illegally or secretly. [from 1844]


lexentry: eng/abound__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abound
trans_list: foisonner
sense:
(intransitive) To be present or available in large numbers or quantities; to be plentiful. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/about-turn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: about-turn
trans_list: demi-tour
sense:
(British, military) A turn of 180 degrees, typically in a military formation[First attested in the mid 20th century.].


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: about
trans_list: environ
sense:
Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence in quality, manner, degree, quantity, or time; almost. [from before 1150]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: about
trans_list: au-dessus | par-dessus
sense:
Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. [from ca. 1150–1350]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: about
trans_list: aux environs de
sense:
(figurative) In or near, as in mental faculties or (literally) in the possession of; under the control of; at one's command; in one's makeup. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about_to__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: about to
trans_list: aller | sur le point de
sense:
(idiomatic, with infinitive verb) Indicates something that will happen very soon; indicates action that is imminent.


lexentry: eng/above__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: above
trans_list: ci-dessus
sense:
(by ellipsis) Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page. [first attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/above__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: above
trans_list: ci-dessus | au-dessus
sense:
Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. [first attested before 1150.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: abrasion
sense:
The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: abrasion
sense:
(geology) The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: abrasion
sense:
(medicine) A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abrasive
trans_list: rude
sense:
Being rough and coarse in manner or disposition; overly aggressive and causing irritation. [First attested in 1925.]


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasive
trans_list: abrasif
sense:
A hard inorganic substance or material consisting in powder or granule form such as sandpaper, pumice, or emery, used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasively__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasively
trans_list: brusquement | rudement
sense:
In an abrasive manner; in a rude and unkind manner; acting in a way that may hurt other people's feelings.


lexentry: eng/abreact__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abreact
trans_list: abréagir
sense:
(transitive, psychoanalysis) To eliminate previously repressed emotions by reliving past experiences. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abridge
trans_list: abréger
sense:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten in duration or extent. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abridge
trans_list: abréger
sense:
(transitive) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense[First attested in 1384.]. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abridgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abridgment
trans_list: raccourcissement
sense:
(dated, legal) Any of various brief statements of case law made before modern reporting of legal cases.


lexentry: eng/abrogate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrogate
trans_list: abroger
sense:
(transitive, law) To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or her or his successor; to repeal; — applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrupt__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abrupt
trans_list: brusque | precipité
sense:
Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrupt__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abrupt
trans_list: abrupt
sense:
Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abruptly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abruptly
trans_list: tout d'un coup | abruptement | précipitamment
sense:
In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly; precipitously. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abscess
trans_list: abcès
sense:
(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscise__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abscise
trans_list: abattre
sense:
(intransitive, botany) To separate by means of abscission; to shed or drop off. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscissa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abscissa
trans_list: abscisse
sense:
(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abseil__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abseil
trans_list: descendre
sense:
(intransitive) To descend a steep or vertical drop using a rope with a mechanical friction device or (classic abseil) by wrapping the rope around the body; to rappel. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absence_makes_the_heart_grow_fonder__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absence makes the heart grow fonder
trans_list: chose rarement vue est plus chère | loin des yeux, près du cœur | un peu d'absence fait grand bien
sense:
(idiom) When someone or something is far away, one realizes how much one loves or misses them or it.


lexentry: eng/absence_of_mind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absence of mind
trans_list: absence
sense:
A state or the quality of being absent-minded (abstracted, preoccupied). [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-minded__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent-minded
trans_list: distrait
sense:
Absent in mind; often preoccupied; forgetful or careless due to distraction; easily distracted. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-minded_professor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent-minded professor
trans_list: professeur étourdi
sense:
A stereotypical fictional character whose focus on academic matters leads them to ignore or forget their surroundings.


lexentry: eng/absent-mindedness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent-mindedness
trans_list: distraction
sense:
The characteristic or state of being easily distracted or preoccupied. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent
trans_list: absent
sense:
(not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present; missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absent
trans_list: absent
sense:
(comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absentee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absentee
trans_list: absent
sense:
A person who is absent from his or her employment, school, post, duty, etc. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absenteeism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absenteeism
trans_list: absentéisme
sense:
The state of being absent, especially frequently or without good reason; the practice of an absentee. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absinthe__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absinthe
trans_list: absinthe
sense:
A distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored liquor originally made from grande wormwood, anise, and other herbs. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolu
sense:
Free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions; unconditional. [first attested in the late 1400s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolu
sense:
Free from imperfection, perfect, complete; especially, perfectly embodying a quality in its essential characteristics or to its highest degree. [first attested around 1400]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolu
sense:
Complete, utter, outright; unmitigated, not qualified or diminished in any way. [first attested in the late 1500s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolu
sense:
(especially, philosophy) Fundamental, ultimate, intrinsic; not relative; independent of references or relations to other things or standards. [first attested in the late 1700s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolu
sense:
(grammar) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence; not in a syntactical relation with other parts of a text, or qualifying the text as a whole rather than any single word in it, like "it being over" in "it being over, she left". [first attested around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolu
sense:
(philosophy, usually capitalized, usually preceded by "the") A realm which exists without reference to anything else; that which can be imagined purely by itself; absolute ego.


lexentry: eng/absolute_advantage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute advantage
trans_list: avantage absolu
sense:
(economics) The capability to produce more of a given product using the same quantity or less of a given resource than a competing entity.


lexentry: eng/absolute_humidity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute humidity
trans_list: humidité absolue
sense:
(meteorology) In a system of moist air, the ratio of the mass of water vapor present to the volume occupied by the mixture, that is, the density of the water vapor component. Absolute humidity is usually expressed in grams of water vapor per cubic meter or, in engineering practice, in grains per cubic foot. Because this measure of atmospheric humidity is not conservative with respect to adiabatic expansion or compression, it is not commonly used by meteorologists. (Also called vapor concentration and vapor density). See relative humidity.


lexentry: eng/absolute_magnitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute magnitude
trans_list: magnitude absolue
sense:
(astronomy) The intrinsic luminosity that a celestial body would have if viewed from a distance of 10 parsecs or about 32.6 light years.


lexentry: eng/absolute_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute music
trans_list: musique pure
sense:
Instrumental music having an intellectual and affective content, which depends solely on its rhythmic, melodic, and contrapuntal structure.


lexentry: eng/absolute_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute space
trans_list: espace absolu
sense:
(physics) The Newtonian concept of an unchanging and unchangeable reference system of spatial (and temporal) coordinates that is the same for all observers


lexentry: eng/absolute_superlative__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolute superlative
trans_list: superlatif absolu
sense:
In Greek: one of the degrees of comparison in an adjective that stresses an exceptional property without making a direct comparison, its closest equivalent in English being a most important letter, a very high mountain or absolutely pure water. It is formed by adding the suffix -τατος (declined) to the adjective's nominative, neuter singular.


lexentry: eng/absolute_time__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute time
trans_list: temps absolu
sense:
(physics) The Newtonian concept of an unchanging and unchangeable reference system of time (and spatial) coordinates that is the same for all observers


lexentry: eng/absolute_value__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute value
trans_list: valeur absolue | module
sense:
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, \sqrt{a^2+b^2}. Denoted by | |.


lexentry: eng/absolute_zero__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute zero
trans_list: zéro absolu
sense:
(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absoluteness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absoluteness
trans_list: absoluité
sense:
(obsolete) The fact of being finished or perfected; completeness. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absoluteness__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: absoluteness
trans_list: absoluité
sense:
The fact of being without qualifications or conditions; certainty, unconditionality. [First attested in the 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolution
sense:
(ecclesiastical) An absolving of sins from ecclesiastical penalties by an authority. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolution
sense:
An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolution
sense:
(civil, _, legal, obsolete) An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolutism
trans_list: absolutisme
sense:
(political science, sociology) The principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolutive
trans_list: absolutif
sense:
(grammar) Of or pertaining to the grammatical case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action.


lexentry: eng/absolutive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolutive case
trans_list: absolutif
sense:
(grammatical case) case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action. The absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb, as well as the object of a transitive verb (inasmuch as they are codified in the English nominative-accusative system). Some languages that employ the absolutive case include Abkhaz, Basque, Chechen, Dyirbal, Hindi, Inuktitut, Hiligaynon, and Yup'ik.


lexentry: eng/absolve__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolve
trans_list: absoudre
sense:
(transitive) To set free, release or discharge (from obligations, debts, responsibility etc.). [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absolve__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absolve
trans_list: absoudre
sense:
(transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorb__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorb
trans_list: absorber
sense:
(transitive) To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up. [first attested c. 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absorb__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absorb
trans_list: absorber | éponger
sense:
(transitive) To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe, like a sponge or as the lacteals of the body; to chemically take in. [first attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorbency__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absorbency
trans_list: absorbance
sense:
(physics) The ratio of the absorbance or optical density of a substance to that of a similar body of pure solvent.


lexentry: eng/absorbent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorbent
trans_list: absorbant
sense:
Having the ability or tendency to absorb; able to soak up liquid easily; absorptive. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorbent__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absorbent
trans_list: absorbant
sense:
(medicine) Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance, e.g., iodine, which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.


lexentry: eng/absorber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorber
trans_list: absorbant
sense:
A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorption
trans_list: absorption
sense:
(chemistry, physics) the imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action, of radiant energy; the process of being neutrons being absorbed by the nucleus; interception. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorption
trans_list: absorption
sense:
(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorption line
trans_list: raie d'absorption
sense:
(physics, astronomy) A spectral line that corresponds to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a specific wavelength; the pattern of such lines is characteristic of specific atoms or molecules in the path of the radiation.


lexentry: eng/absorption_spectrum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorption spectrum
trans_list: spectre d'absorption
sense:
(physics) The characteristic pattern of dark lines or bands that occurs when electromagnetic radiation is passed through an absorbing medium into a spectroscope.


lexentry: eng/abstain__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abstain
trans_list: s'abstenir | abstenir
sense:
(intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstainer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstainer
trans_list: abstinent
sense:
Agent noun of abstain; one who abstains; especially, one who abstains from something, such as the use of alcohol or drugs, or one who abstains for religious reasons; one who practices self-denial. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstemious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstemious
trans_list: abstinent
sense:
Refraining from freely consuming food or strong drink; sparing in diet; abstinent, temperate. [From early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abstention__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstention
trans_list: abstention
sense:
(obsolete) The act of restraining oneself. [Attested from the early 16th century until the med 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstentionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstentionist
trans_list: abstentionniste
sense:
A practitioner or advocate of not getting involved politically. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: abstinence
sense:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; total abstinence; teetotalism). [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: abstinence | abstinence sexuelle
sense:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from sexual intercourse, either permanently or until marriage. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: abstinence
sense:
The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: abstinence
sense:
The practice of self-denial; self-restraint; forebearance from anything. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstinent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinent
trans_list: abstinent
sense:
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: abstrait
sense:
Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational. [First attested by Locke in 1689.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Adjective__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: abstrait
sense:
(arts, often, capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: se retirer
sense:
(intransitive, reflexive, literally, figuratively) To withdraw oneself; to retire. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: abstraire
sense:
(transitive) To consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: distiller | abstraire
sense:
To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.


lexentry: eng/abstract_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract algebra
trans_list: algèbre abstraite
sense:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics concerned with algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields.


lexentry: eng/abstract_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract art
trans_list: art abstrait
sense:
Art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses color and form in a non-representational way.


lexentry: eng/abstract_data_type__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract data type
trans_list: type abstrait de données
sense:
(programming) A data type defined only by data properties and operations to be performed on the data without any specification as to how the data will be represented or the operations performed.


lexentry: eng/abstract_method__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract method
trans_list: méthode abstraite
sense:
(object-oriented) A method of an abstract class that has no implementation in that class and must therefore be implemented by all subtyping classes.


lexentry: eng/abstract_noun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract noun
trans_list: nom abstrait
sense:
(grammar) A noun that denotes an idea, emotion, feeling, quality, generalization, representation or other abstract or intangible concept, as opposed to a concrete item, or a physical object.


lexentry: eng/abstract_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract number
trans_list: nombre abstrait
sense:
A number used without application to things, e.g. 6, 8, 10; but when applied to anything, e.g. 6 feet, 10 men, it becomes concrete.


lexentry: eng/abstracted__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abstracted
trans_list: distrait
sense:
Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind; meditative. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abstraction
trans_list: abstraction
sense:
The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abstraction
trans_list: abstraction
sense:
The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstractionism
trans_list: abstractionnisme
sense:
The creation, principles, or ideals of abstractions, in particular art. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstractive
trans_list: abstractif
sense:
Having an abstracting nature or tendency; tending to separate; tending to be withdrawn. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurd__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurd
trans_list: absurde
sense:
Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurdity
trans_list: absurdité
sense:
(countable) That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absurdity
trans_list: absurdité
sense:
(uncountable) The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abugida__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abugida
trans_list: abugida | alphasyllabaire
sense:
(linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, typically such that symbols for different syllables are generated by adding, altering or removing the vowel portion, often by applying a diacritic to a stable consonant symbol.


lexentry: eng/abulia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abulia
trans_list: aboulie
sense:
(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abundance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abundance
trans_list: abondance
sense:
An overflowing fullness or ample sufficiency; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; plentifulness. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundant
trans_list: abondant
sense:
Fully sufficient; found in copious supply; in great quantity; overflowing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundant_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundant number
trans_list: nombre abondant
sense:
(number theory) A number that is less than the sum of its proper divisors (all divisors except the number itself).


lexentry: eng/abundantly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundantly
trans_list: abondamment
sense:
In an abundant manner; in a sufficient degree; in large measure. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: abus | viol
sense:
Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: injure | insulte | offense
sense:
Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: abuser
sense:
(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert [from around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: abuser
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To violate; defile; to rape; (reflexive) to masturbate. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abusive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abusive
trans_list: abusif
sense:
(archaic) Tending to misuse; practising or containing abuse. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abut__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abut
trans_list: abouter | aboutir
sense:
(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land) [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abyss
trans_list: abîme
sense:
Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abyss
trans_list: abîme | gouffre | abysse | précipice
sense:
(frequently, figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abyssal
trans_list: abyssal
sense:
(geography) Of or belonging to the ocean depths, especially below 2000 metres (6500 ft): abyssal zone. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal_zone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abyssal zone
trans_list: abysse
sense:
(geography) The oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure.


lexentry: eng/academese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: academese
trans_list: argot
sense:
(pejorative) A formal or artificial style of communicating prevalent in institutes of higher education.


lexentry: eng/academia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: academia
trans_list: académie
sense:
(collective) The scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and research, taken as a whole. [from 1956]


lexentry: eng/academian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academian
trans_list: académique
sense:
(obsolete) A member of an academy, university, or college. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic
trans_list: académique | universitaire
sense:
Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning, or a scholarly society or organization. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: academic
trans_list: académique
sense:
In particular: relating to literary, classical, or artistic studies like the humanities, rather than to technical or vocational studies like engineering or welding.


lexentry: eng/academic__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic
trans_list: universitaire | académique
sense:
A senior member of an academy, college, or university; a person who attends an academy; a person engaged in scholarly pursuits; one who is academic in practice. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic_institution__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic institution
trans_list: université | établissement [[d']]enseignement supérieur
sense:
An educational institution, dedicated to higher education and research, that grants academic degrees.


lexentry: eng/academical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academical
trans_list: académique
sense:
Pertaining to a university or other form of higher education. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academically__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: academically
trans_list: scientifique
sense:
In an academic style or way; from an academic perspective. [First attested in the late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academician__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academician
trans_list: académicien | académicienne
sense:
A member or follower of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, such as the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of Arts. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/academicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: academicism
trans_list: académisme
sense:
(classical studies, sometimes, capitalized) The doctrines of Plato's academy; specifically the skeptical doctrines of the later academy stating that nothing can be known; a tenet of the Academic philosophy; state of being Academic. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: academy
trans_list: académie
sense:
An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university; typically a private school. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: academy
trans_list: académie
sense:
A school or place of training in which some special art is taught. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: academy
trans_list: académie
sense:
A society of learned people united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: academy
trans_list: académie
sense:
(obsolete) The knowledge disseminated in an Academy. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/acai_berry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acai berry
trans_list: açaï
sense:
A fruit that grows on the Brazilian wild palmberry tree, Euterpe olearacea, used for nutritive support as an antioxidant. It is similar in size to a grape.


lexentry: eng/acanthite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acanthite
trans_list: acanthite
sense:
(mineral) A mineral form of silver sulfide, Ag2S, that is a major ore of silver, that forms slender prisms.


lexentry: eng/acanthocephalan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acanthocephalan
trans_list: acanthocéphale
sense:
Any of parasitic intestinal worms comprising the phylum Acanthocephala. [First attested late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/acarus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acarus
trans_list: acarien
sense:
(zoology, acarology) Any member of the subclass Acari (aka Acarina): thus, a mite or a tick; specifically, any mite of the genus Acarus.


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accede
trans_list: consentir
sense:
(intransitive, now, _, rare) To give one's adhesion; to join up with (a group, etc.); to become part of. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accede
trans_list: accéder
sense:
(intransitive) To come to an office, state or dignity; to attain, assume (a position). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/accelerant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accelerant
trans_list: carburant
sense:
In the context of fire protection, a substance that accelerates the development of a fire, especially some hydrocarbon-based fuel used to spread a fire caused by arson.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: accélération
sense:
(uncountable) The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: accélération
sense:
(countable) The amount by which a speed or velocity increases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity).


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: accélération
sense:
(physics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).


lexentry: eng/accelerationism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accelerationism
trans_list: accélérationnisme
sense:
The idea that either the prevailing system of capitalism, or certain technosocial processes that historically characterised it, should be expanded and accelerated in order to generate radical social change.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accent
trans_list: accent
sense:
(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accent
trans_list: accent
sense:
(orthography) A mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: accent
trans_list: accent
sense:
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: accent
trans_list: accent
sense:
(music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: accent
trans_list: accent
sense:
(music) A mark used to represent this special emphasis.The third and fourth symbols are accents (marks used to represent special emphasis in music).


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acceptance
trans_list: acceptation
sense:
(uncountable) The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval.


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: acceptance
trans_list: acceptation
sense:
(business, finance) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance; the bill of exchange itself when accepted.


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: acceptance
trans_list: acceptation | adhésion | admission | adoption | assimilation | reconnaissance
sense:
(law) An agreeing to the action, proposals, or terms of another by some act which results in the conclusion of a legally binding contract; the reception or taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered, or the taking of possession of a thing as owner.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: access
trans_list: accès
sense:
(uncountable) The right or ability of approaching or entering; admittance; admission; accessibility.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: access
trans_list: accès
sense:
(uncountable, networking) Connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.


lexentry: eng/accession__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accession
trans_list: accession
sense:
(legal) A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing is not changed into a different species).


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: accessoire
sense:
Having a secondary, supplementary or subordinate function by accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; being additional; contributing or being contributory.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: accessoire
sense:
Something that belongs to part of another main thing; something additional and subordinate, an attachment.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: accessoire
sense:
(art) Something in a work of art without being indispensably necessary, for example solely ornamental parts.


lexentry: eng/accessory_after_the_fact__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory after the fact
trans_list: partisan
sense:
(legal) a person who assists someone who has committed a crime so as to protect them from legal prosecution


lexentry: eng/accessory_fruit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory fruit
trans_list: faux-fruit
sense:
(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue, as for instance, a strawberry.


lexentry: eng/accessory_mineral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory mineral
trans_list: minéral accessoire
sense:
(mineral) any mineral that is present in small amounts in a rock, but is not considered to be characteristic of the rock


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accident
trans_list: accident
sense:
An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans.


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accident
trans_list: accident
sense:
(transportation) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)


lexentry: eng/accidental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accidental
trans_list: accidentel
sense:
Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; by accident, unintentional. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/accidental__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accidental
trans_list: altération
sense:
(music) A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.


lexentry: eng/acclaim__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: acclaim
trans_list: acclamer | applaudir | réclamer
sense:
(transitive, rare) To salute or praise with great approval; to compliment; to applaud; to welcome enthusiastically.


lexentry: eng/acclimatize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acclimatize
trans_list: acclimater
sense:
(transitive) To make used to a new climate or one that is different from that which is natural; to inure or habituate to other circumstances; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate.


lexentry: eng/acclivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acclivity
trans_list: pente
sense:
(geomorphology) A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent.


lexentry: eng/accommodate__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: accommodate
trans_list: accommoder
sense:
(transitive) To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accommodation
trans_list: logement | hébergement
sense:
(chiefly, British, usually, a mass noun) Lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travellers in hotels or on cruise ships, or prisoners, etc.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accommodation
trans_list: accommodation
sense:
(countable, uncountable, followed by to) The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accompaniment
trans_list: accompagnement
sense:
(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accompaniment
trans_list: accompagnement
sense:
That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.


lexentry: eng/accompany__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accompany
trans_list: accompagner
sense:
(transitive) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with.


lexentry: eng/accomplice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accomplice
trans_list: complice | comparse | compère
sense:
(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.


lexentry: eng/accomplish__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accomplish
trans_list: accomplir
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish.


lexentry: eng/accomplishment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accomplishment
trans_list: accomplissement
sense:
That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training.


lexentry: eng/according_as__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: according as
trans_list: selon que
sense:
Precisely as; the same as; just as; corresponding to the way in which. (Now often expressing accordance with two or more alternatives.) [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/according_to_Hoyle__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: according to Hoyle
trans_list: en bonne et due forme
sense:
(idiomatic) In strict accordance with the rules, especially of card games; in the proper or expected manner.


lexentry: eng/accordion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accordion
trans_list: accordéon
sense:
A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account
trans_list: compte | rapport | récit
sense:
(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review. [from c. 1300]


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: account
trans_list: compte | récit
sense:
A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; a reason of an action to be done.


lexentry: eng/account_for__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account for
trans_list: expliquer | rendre compte
sense:
(transitive) To explain by relating circumstances; to show that some one, thing or members of a group are present or have been processed.


lexentry: eng/account_manager__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account manager
trans_list: chargé de clientèle
sense:
(business) A person who is in charge of sales to one or more named customers or to a specified segment of the market, especially in B2B marketing; supposedly refers to a somewhat more responsible job than the term salesman.


lexentry: eng/accountability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accountability
sense:
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account or give an explanation; liability to be held responsible or answerable for something.

trans_list:
responsabilité | engagement responsable | obligation de rendre compte | obligation de rendre des comptes


lexentry: eng/accountancy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accountancy
trans_list: comptabilité
sense:
(uncountable, British, NZ, often, _, Philippines, accounting) The function of compiling and providing financial information primarily by reports referred to as financial statements, including bookkeeping, systems design, analysis and interpretation of accounting information.


lexentry: eng/accountant__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accountant
trans_list: comptable
sense:
(accounting) One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts.


lexentry: eng/accountant__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accountant
trans_list: comptable | expert-comptable
sense:
(accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.


lexentry: eng/accounting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounting
trans_list: comptabilité
sense:
(business) The development and use of a system for recording and analyzing the financial transactions and financial status of an individual or a business.


lexentry: eng/accounts_payable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounts payable
trans_list: dette fournisseur | dettes commerciales
sense:
The total amount of money that is owed by a customer to its suppliers of goods and services and is counted by the customer as a current unpaid debt.


lexentry: eng/accounts_receivable__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounts receivable
trans_list: créance client
sense:
(accounting) The total monetary amount owed to a financial entity due to debts arising from sales on credit or on account.


lexentry: eng/accredit__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accredit
trans_list: accréditer
sense:
(transitive) To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accretion
trans_list: accrétion
sense:
The act of increasing by natural growth; especially the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of parts; organic growth.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: accretion
trans_list: accroissement | accrétion
sense:
(legal) The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land by the washing up of sand or soil from the sea or a river, or by a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.


lexentry: eng/accretion_disk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accretion disk
trans_list: disque d'accrétion
sense:
(astrophysics) A structure formed by matter falling into a gravitational source such as a galaxy, black hole, or protostar.


lexentry: eng/accrual__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accrual
trans_list: accroissement
sense:
An increase; something that accumulates, especially an amount of money that periodically accumulates for a specific purpose


lexentry: eng/acculturate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acculturate
trans_list: acculturer
sense:
(transitive) To change the culture of (a person) by the influence of another culture, especially a more dominant culture.


lexentry: eng/acculturation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acculturation
trans_list: acculturation
sense:
A process by which a person acquires the culture of the society that they inhabit, starting at birth.


lexentry: eng/accumulate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accumulate
trans_list: accumuler
sense:
(transitive) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively)


lexentry: eng/accumulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: accumulation
trans_list: accumulation
sense:
(finance) The action of investors buying an asset from other investors when the price of the asset is low.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accumulation point
trans_list: point d'accumulation
sense:
(topology, "of" a subset of a topological space) Given a subset S of a topological space X, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one point distinct from x that belongs to S.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accumulation point
trans_list: point d'accumulation
sense:
(analysis, "of" a sequence) Given a sequence si, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one element of the sequence distinct from x.


lexentry: eng/accusative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accusative
trans_list: accusatif
sense:
(grammar) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.


lexentry: eng/accusatorial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accusatorial
trans_list: accusatoire
sense:
(legal) Of or pertaining to the system of a public trial in which the facts are ascertained by the judge or jury from evidence presented by the prosecution and the defence.


lexentry: eng/accustom__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accustom
trans_list: accoutumer
sense:
(transitive, often, passive, or, reflexive, with to) To make familiar by use; to cause to accept; to habituate, familiarize, or inure.


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ace
trans_list: as
sense:
(card games) A playing card showing a single pip, typically the highest or lowest ranking card in a game.


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: ace
trans_list: as
sense:
A military aircraft pilot who is credited with shooting down many enemy aircraft, typically five or more.


lexentry: eng/ace_up_one's_sleeve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiom) A surprise advantage of which others are not aware.
written_rep: ace up one's sleeve
trans_list:
as dans la manche | atout dans la manche | avoir un atout dans sa manche | garder un atout dans sa manche | joker


lexentry: eng/acenaphthene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acenaphthene
trans_list: acénaphtène
sense:
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon, found in coal tar, derived from naphthalene by the addition of a short aliphatic bridge.


lexentry: eng/acetaldehyde__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetaldehyde
trans_list: acétaldéhyde | éthanal
sense:
(organic compound) An organic compound, (CH3CHO). Sometimes called ethanal or acetic aldehyde. See aldehyde.


lexentry: eng/acetaminophen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetaminophen
trans_list: paracétamol | acétaminophène
sense:
(North America) A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.


lexentry: eng/acetanilide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetanilide
trans_list: acétanilide
sense:
(organic chemistry, pharmaceutical drug) the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic


lexentry: eng/acetic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetic acid
trans_list: acide acétique
sense:
(fatty acid) A clear colourless organic acid, CH3COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.


lexentry: eng/acetoacetic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetoacetic acid
trans_list: acide acétylacétique
sense:
(organic compound) The ketonic carboxylic acid CH3-CO-CH2-COOH, that is present in the urine of people suffering from starvation or some forms of diabetes.


lexentry: eng/acetonemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetonemia
trans_list: acétonémie
sense:
(veterinary medicine) Presence of excessive levels of acetone in blood, sometimes occurring in cows during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf.


lexentry: eng/acetophenone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetophenone
trans_list: acétophénone
sense:
(organic compound) The aromatic ketone phenyl methyl ketone, used in the manufacture of very many organic compounds


lexentry: eng/acetylation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylation
trans_list: acétylation
sense:
(organic chemistry) The reaction of a substance with acetic acid or one of its derivatives; the introduction of one or more acetyl groups into a substance.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylcholine
trans_list: acétylcholine
sense:
(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholinesterase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylcholinesterase
trans_list: acétylcholinestérase
sense:
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.


lexentry: eng/ache__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ache
trans_list: faire mal | avoir mal
sense:
(intransitive, stative) To suffer pain; to be the source of, or be in, pain, especially continued dull pain; to be distressed.


lexentry: eng/achromatopsia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: achromatopsia
trans_list: achromatopsie
sense:
Full or partial color blindness; the inability to distinguish colors due to the absence of cone cells in the eyes.


lexentry: eng/acid_rain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acid rain
trans_list: pluie acide
sense:
Rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6); caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds.


lexentry: eng/acidic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acidic
trans_list: acide
sense:
(chemistry) Having a pH less than 7, or being sour, or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a litmus paper red.


lexentry: eng/acidimetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acidimetry
trans_list: acidimétrie
sense:
(chemistry) The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required.


lexentry: eng/acinus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: acinus
trans_list: grappe
sense:
(anatomy) One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland.


lexentry: eng/acknowledge__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: acknowledge
trans_list: accuser réception | certifier
sense:
(transitive) To own as genuine or valid; to assent to (a legal instrument) to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form.


lexentry: eng/acknowledgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acknowledgment
trans_list: remerciement
sense:
The act of recognizing in a particular character or relationship; recognition of existence, authority, truth, or genuineness.


lexentry: eng/acme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acme
trans_list: acmé
sense:
A high point: the highest point of any range, the most developed stage of any process, or the culmination of any field or historical period. [c. 1610]


lexentry: eng/acolyte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acolyte
trans_list: acolyte
sense:
(Christianity) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass.


lexentry: eng/aconite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aconite
trans_list: aconit | napel | tue-loup
sense:
The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; any plant of the genus Aconitum, all the species of which are poisonous.


lexentry: eng/acorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acorn
trans_list: gland
sense:
(nautical) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.


lexentry: eng/acorn_woodpecker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acorn woodpecker
trans_list: pic glandivore
sense:
A species of woodpecker native to the area from the southwestern United States to Colombia, Melanerpes formicivorus.


lexentry: eng/acotyledonous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acotyledonous
trans_list: acotylédone | acotylédoné
sense:
Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.


lexentry: eng/acousmatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: acousmatic
trans_list: acousmate | acousmatique
sense:
(music) Referring to pre-recorded music that is presented in concert using loudspeakers, e.g. some types of computer music.


lexentry: eng/acoustic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acoustic
trans_list: acoustique
sense:
(music, musical instrument) Naturally producing or produced by an instrument without electrical amplification or the need thereof.


lexentry: eng/acoustic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acoustic
trans_list: acoustique
sense:
(usually, in the plural) The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it.


lexentry: eng/acoustic_coupler__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acoustic coupler
trans_list: coupleur accoustique
sense:
(dated, telecommunications) A terminal device used to link data terminals and radio sets with the telephone network.


lexentry: eng/acqua_alta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acqua alta
trans_list: acqua alta
sense:
A phenomenon that regularly occurs in the city of Venice, Italy, typically during high and spring tide, involving the flooding of the most low-lying areas of Venice.


lexentry: eng/acquaintance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acquaintance
trans_list: connaissance | relation | accointance
sense:
(uncountable) A state of being acquainted with a person; originally indicating friendship, intimacy, but now suggesting a slight knowledge less deep than that of friendship; acquaintanceship. [from 12th c.]


lexentry: eng/acquiesce__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acquiesce
trans_list: acquiescer
sense:
(intransitive) To concur upon conviction; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.


lexentry: eng/acquiescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acquiescence
trans_list: acquiescement | consentement
sense:
A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent content, distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.


lexentry: eng/acquiescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acquiescence
trans_list: péremption
sense:
(legal) Inaction, passivity, or neglect to take legal action when it is called for in order to assert, preserve, or safeguard a right, and which inaction implies the abandonment of said right.


lexentry: eng/acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acquired immune deficiency syndrome
trans_list: syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise
sense:
(disease) An infectious disease, caused by HIV, that causes the gradual degeneration of the body's immune system.


lexentry: eng/acquired_taste__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acquired taste
trans_list: spécifique
sense:
(idiomatic) Something that is appreciated only after having initially been regarded as unappealing or unpleasant; a person who is regarded as difficult or dislikable but of whom at least some have grown to approve.


lexentry: eng/acquittal__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acquittal
trans_list: acquittement | relaxe
sense:
(legal) A legal decision that someone is not guilty with which they have been charged, or the formal dismissal of a charge by some other legal process. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/acquittal__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: acquittal
trans_list: acquittement
sense:
(historical) The act of releasing someone from debt or other obligation; acquittance. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/acrimonious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acrimonious
trans_list: acrimonieux
sense:
(figuratively) Angry, acid, and sharp in delivering argumentative replies: bitter, mean-spirited, sharp in language or tone. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/acritarch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acritarch
trans_list: acritarche
sense:
(paleontology, palynology) Any small, non-acid-soluble (i.e. non-carbonate, non-siliceous) organic fossil that cannot be classified.


lexentry: eng/acrobat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrobat
trans_list: acrobate
sense:
An athlete who performs acts requiring skill, agility and coordination, often as part of a circus performance.


lexentry: eng/acrocentric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrocentric
trans_list: acrocentrique
sense:
(genetics) (of a chromosome) Having the centromere very near to one end, and thus having a long arm, and a very short arm.


lexentry: eng/acrocyanosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrocyanosis
trans_list: acrocyanose
sense:
(pathology) A persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well.


lexentry: eng/acrodynia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrodynia
trans_list: acrodynie
sense:
(pathology) An epidemic disease of the skin characterized by increased sensibility of the soles and palms, with pricking sensations in them and rheumatoid pains in the hands and feet.


lexentry: eng/acrolect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrolect
trans_list: acrolecte
sense:
(sociolinguistics) The variety of speech that is considered most suitable for formal occasions (typically using only standard forms).


lexentry: eng/acrolein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrolein
trans_list: acroléine
sense:
(organic compound) A pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde, CH2=CH-CH=O, made by the destructive distillation of glycerol.


lexentry: eng/acromegaly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acromegaly
trans_list: acromégalie
sense:
(disease) A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.


lexentry: eng/acrophony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrophony
trans_list: acrophonie
sense:
The naming of letters in an alphabetic writing system using words whose initial sounds are represented by the respective letters.


lexentry: eng/acropolis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acropolis
trans_list: acropole
sense:
A promontory (usually fortified with a citadel) forming the hub of many Grecian cities, and around which many were built for defensive purposes before and during the classical period; compare Acropolis.


lexentry: eng/acrostic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrostic
trans_list: acrostiche
sense:
A poem or other text in which certain letters, often the first in each line, spell out a name or message. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/acroterium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acroterium
trans_list: acrotère
sense:
(architecture) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment, or upon the gables in Gothic architecture.


lexentry: eng/acrylamide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrylamide
trans_list: acrylamide
sense:
(organic compound) The amide of acrylic acid, CH2=CH.CONH2; used in the manufacture of polyacrylamides.


lexentry: eng/acrylic_resin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrylic resin
trans_list: acrylique
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of many thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile; used in paint and many plastics.


lexentry: eng/act__Verb__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: act
trans_list: se comporter
sense:
(intransitive, law) To carry out work as a legal representative in relation to a particular legal matter.


lexentry: eng/act_of_parliament__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: act of parliament
trans_list: acte du Parlement
sense:
A law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament.


lexentry: eng/act_of_war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: act of war
trans_list: acte de guerre
sense:
(military) An action that would justify the initiation of hostilities against the perpetrator; an action that by its nature comprises a cessation of peace.


lexentry: eng/actigraphy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actigraphy
trans_list: actimétrie
sense:
The use of the actigraph to record the movements of a sleeping subject, and analyze the subject's sleep patterns.


lexentry: eng/actin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actin
trans_list: actine
sense:
(protein, uncountable) A globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).


lexentry: eng/acting__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acting
trans_list: intérimaire | par intérim
sense:
Temporarily assuming the duties or authority of another person when they are unable to do their job.


lexentry: eng/actinide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinide
trans_list: actinide
sense:
(chemistry) Any of the 15 radioactive elements of the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium that are positioned under the lanthanides, to which they have similar chemistry.


lexentry: eng/actinium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinium
trans_list: actinium
sense:
A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.


lexentry: eng/actinolite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinolite
trans_list: actinote
sense:
(mineral) A mineral with monoclinic crystals of the chemical formula Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2, belonging to the amphibole group.


lexentry: eng/actinometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinometer
trans_list: actinomètre
sense:
(physics) A device used to measure the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation.


lexentry: eng/actinometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinometry
trans_list: actinométrie
sense:
the measurement of the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation


lexentry: eng/actinomycosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinomycosis
trans_list: actinomycose
sense:
(pathology) An infectious bacterial disease of cattle and swine, sometimes transmitted to man, characterized by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, caused by Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, and Propionibacterium propionicum.


lexentry: eng/action__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: action
trans_list: action
sense:
(literature) The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.


lexentry: eng/action_figure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: action figure
trans_list: figurine articulée | figurine d'action
sense:
A children's toy in the form of a posable plastic figurine of a character, often from a movie, video game, or television program, with moving parts and often capable of some form of spring-loaded movement. It is used to distinguish from dolls, which have acquired the reputation as a girl's toy, whereas action figures are more marketed toward boys.


lexentry: eng/action_movie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: action movie
trans_list: film d'action
sense:
A motion picture whose storyline involves fast-paced activity and conflict, usually including such elements as a heroic protagonist, violent fights, acrobatic stunts, chase scenes, and gunplay.


lexentry: eng/action_potential__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: action potential
trans_list: potentiel d'action
sense:
(physiology) A short-term change in the electrical potential that travels along a cell such as a nerve or muscle fiber. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/action_replay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: action replay
trans_list: rediffusion
sense:
In TV broadcasting, the reshowing of a short segment of action, especially slow-motion sporting action, shortly after it was broadcast live or in real-time.


lexentry: eng/actionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actionism
trans_list: actionisme
sense:
An excessive emphasis on action, activity, or change in lieu of continuity, stability, and permanence.


lexentry: eng/activate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: activate
trans_list: activer | actionner
sense:
(transitive) To put a device, mechanism (alarm etc.) or system into action or motion; to trigger, to actuate, to set off, to enable.


lexentry: eng/activated_carbon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: activated carbon
trans_list: charbon actif | charbon activé
sense:
(chemistry) A very absorbent form of finely powdered carbon; used in purifying gases, and as an antidote for many poisons.


lexentry: eng/activation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: activation
trans_list: activation
sense:
(physics) The process of making a radioisotope by bombarding a stable element with neutrons or protons.


lexentry: eng/activation_analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: activation analysis
trans_list: analyse par activation
sense:
(chemistry) Any of several similar radiochemical techniques of analysis in which a subatomic particle or gamma ray is captured by a nuclide to form a second stable nuclide which is then measured.


lexentry: eng/activator__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: activator
trans_list: activateur
sense:
(biology) Any chemical or agent which regulates one or more genes by increasing the rate of transcription.


lexentry: eng/active__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: active
trans_list: actif
sense:
Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;—opposed to passive, that receives.


lexentry: eng/active_matrix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: active matrix
trans_list: matrice active
sense:
A form of liquid crystal display with a grid of transistors and capacitors that can hold a charge for a limited period of time, contrasted with passive matrix.


lexentry: eng/active_volcano__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: active volcano
trans_list: volcan actif
sense:
(vulcanology, geology) A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years, although not necessarily venting lava or gases now.


lexentry: eng/activism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: activism
trans_list: activisme
sense:
The practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue.


lexentry: eng/activities_of_daily_living__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: activities of daily living
trans_list: activités de la vie quotidienne
sense:
(healthcare) A set of common daily activities, including bathing, feeding, and relieving oneself. A person’s ability or inability to perform them is used as a measurement of their functional status.


lexentry: eng/activity__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: activity
trans_list: activité
sense:
(countable) Something done for pleasure or entertainment, especially one involving movement or an excursion.


lexentry: eng/actor__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: actor
trans_list: acteur | actrice | faiseur | faiseuse
sense:
A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/actual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: actual
trans_list: réel | effectif
sense:
Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/actualism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actualism
trans_list: actualisme
sense:
(philosophy) The belief that actuality and existence are co‐extensive: i.e., that only actual things exist, and merely possible things do not.


lexentry: eng/actuarial_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actuarial science
trans_list: actuariat | sciences actuarielles
sense:
(applied mathematics, insurance, finance) The discipline within applied mathematics dealing with risk assessment and the modelling of uncertainty; the rigorous application of mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk, in industries including insurance and finance.


lexentry: eng/actuary__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: actuary
trans_list: actuaire
sense:
A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.


lexentry: eng/acupressure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acupressure
trans_list: acupression
sense:
(uncountable) An alternative medicine technique, derived from acupuncture, in which physical pressure is applied to acupoints.


lexentry: eng/acupuncture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acupuncture
trans_list: acupuncture | acuponcture
sense:
The insertion of needles into the (living) tissue of the body affecting the Qi or energy along energetic pathways of the body called meridians. This modality is traditionally used as a form of internal medical treating all disease and illnesses, in Western countries it is widely used for the purposes of pain relief.


lexentry: eng/acute-phase_protein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acute-phase protein
trans_list: protéine de phase aigüe
sense:
(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations change in response to inflammation, such as C-reactive protein.


lexentry: eng/acute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: acute
trans_list: aigu
sense:
(medicine) Of an abnormal condition of recent or sudden onset, in contrast to delayed onset; this sense does not imply severity, unlike the common usage.


lexentry: eng/acute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: acute
trans_list: aigu
sense:
(medicine) Of a short-lived condition, in contrast to a chronic condition; this sense also does not imply severity.


lexentry: eng/acute_accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acute accent
trans_list: accent aigu
sense:
(orthography) : A diacritical mark ( ´ ) that can be placed above a number of letters in many languages of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic writing systems.


lexentry: eng/acyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acyl
trans_list: acyle
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of class of organic radicals, RCO-, formed by the removal of a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid.


lexentry: eng/adagio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adagio
trans_list: adage
sense:
(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully.


lexentry: eng/adamantine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adamantine
trans_list: adamantin
sense:
Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated.


lexentry: eng/adapt__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adapt
trans_list: adapter
sense:
(transitive) To make by altering or fitting something else; to produce by change of form or character


lexentry: eng/adaptation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adaptation
trans_list: adaptation
sense:
(uncountable) The process of adapting something or becoming adapted to a situation; adjustment, modification.


lexentry: eng/adapter__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adapter
trans_list: adaptateur
sense:
Specifically, a device that permits two or more plugs to be used at a single electrical power point.


lexentry: eng/adapter__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adapter
trans_list: adaptateur
sense:
Specifically, an AC adapter: a device that reduces voltage and converts AC to DC to allow a battery-powered device to use mains power.


lexentry: eng/adaptogen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adaptogen
trans_list: adaptogène
sense:
(alternative medicine) Any natural herbal substance, such as ginseng, that is purported to assist the body to adapt to stress, and to exert a normalizing effect upon body functions.


lexentry: eng/add-on__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: add-on
trans_list: addiciel | extension
sense:
(computer hardware, software) A software extension or hardware peripheral that provides additional functions or customization for a core application or system.


lexentry: eng/add_insult_to_injury__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: add insult to injury
trans_list: ajouter l'injure à l'insulte | comme si ça ne suffisait pas | pour couronner le tout
sense:
(idiomatic) To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an already unfavourable situation.


lexentry: eng/addend__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: addend
trans_list: cumulateur
sense:
(mathematics) Addendum, any one of two or more numbers or other terms that are to be added together.


lexentry: eng/adder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adder
trans_list: vipère
sense:
Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, the northern copperhead, a venomous viper found in the eastern United States


lexentry: eng/additive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: additive
trans_list: additif
sense:
A substance added to another substance or product to produce specific properties in the combined substance.


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address
trans_list: adresse
sense:
(computing) A number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory; a string of characters identifying a location on the internet or other network; sometimes (specifically) an e-mail address. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address
trans_list: adresse
sense:
A description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code; such a description as superscribed for direction on an envelope or letter. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address
trans_list: langage
sense:
A formal approach to a sovereign, especially an official appeal or petition; later (specifically) a response given by each of the Houses of Parliament to the sovereign's speech at the opening of Parliament. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address
trans_list: discours
sense:
An act of addressing oneself to a person or group; a discourse or speech, or a record of this. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Verb__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: address
trans_list: adresser | aborder
sense:
(transitive) To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to.


lexentry: eng/address__Verb__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: address
trans_list: adresser
sense:
(transitive) To address oneself to; to prepare oneself for; to apply oneself to; to direct one's speech, discourse or efforts to.


lexentry: eng/address_bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address bar
trans_list: barre d'adresse
sense:
(computing, graphical user interface) A bar in a web browser that displays the address (uniform resource identifier) of the page or resource being displayed.


lexentry: eng/addressee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: addressee
trans_list: destinataire
sense:
The person or organization to which something, such as a letter or message, is addressed or sent, for whom the item is intended.


lexentry: eng/adduce__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adduce
trans_list: alléguer
sense:
(transitive) To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.


lexentry: eng/adductor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adductor
trans_list: adducteur
sense:
(anatomy) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to abductor


lexentry: eng/adenine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenine
trans_list: adénine
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics) A base, C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.


lexentry: eng/adenohypophysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenohypophysis
trans_list: adénohypophyse
sense:
(anatomy) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, producing and secreting several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.


lexentry: eng/adenoid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenoid
trans_list: adénoïde
sense:
(symptom) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children.


lexentry: eng/adenoidectomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenoidectomy
trans_list: adénoïdectomie
sense:
(surgery) Surgical removal of the adenoids, or of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy.


lexentry: eng/adenosine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenosine
trans_list: adénosine
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics, organic compound) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/adenosine_monophosphate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenosine monophosphate
trans_list: adénosine monophosphate
sense:
(biochemistry) a nucleotide, found in all animal muscle cells, reversibly convertible to adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate


lexentry: eng/adenosine_triphosphate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenosine triphosphate
trans_list: adénosine triphosphate
sense:
(biochemistry, neurotransmitter) a nucleotide that is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions, in the synthesis of nucleic acids, and as a neurotransmitter recognised by purinergic receptors


lexentry: eng/adenovirus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenovirus
trans_list: adénovirus
sense:
(medicine) Any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans


lexentry: eng/adessive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adessive case
trans_list: adessif
sense:
(grammar) A noun case used to indicate adjacent location. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions near, at, or by, as in "by the house." Languages that use the adessive case include Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian, Lezgi and Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/adhan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adhan
trans_list: adhan
sense:
(Islam) The call to prayer, which consisted originally of simply four takbirs followed by the statement (أَشْهَدُ أَنْ) لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله.


lexentry: eng/adhesin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adhesin
trans_list: adhésine
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of several factors that enable bacteria to adhere to epithelial surfaces as a step towards infection.


lexentry: eng/adhesive_capsulitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adhesive capsulitis
trans_list: capsulite rétractile | épaule gelée
sense:
(pathology) A disorder in which the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder, becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restricting motion and causing chronic pain.


lexentry: eng/adhocracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adhocracy
trans_list: adhocratie
sense:
(business, organizational theory) An organizational system designed to be flexible and responsive to the needs of the moment rather than excessively bureaucratic. [from 1964.]


lexentry: eng/adiabat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adiabat
trans_list: adiabatique
sense:
(physics) The curve on a graph of pressure and temperature which gives the adiabatic heating or cooling of a gas.


lexentry: eng/adiabatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adiabatic
trans_list: adiabatique
sense:
(physics, thermodynamics, of a process) That occurs without gain or loss of heat (and thus with no change in entropy, in the quasistatic approximation).


lexentry: eng/adicity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adicity
trans_list: arité
sense:
(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.


lexentry: eng/adipic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adipic acid
trans_list: acide adipique
sense:
(organic compound) A white crystalline dicarboxylic acid, C4H8(COOH)2; it has many industrial applications; when condensed with hexamethylene diamine it produces nylon.


lexentry: eng/adipocere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adipocere
trans_list: adipocire
sense:
A brown, fatty, waxy substance (fatty acids) that forms on dead animal tissues in response to hydrolysis


lexentry: eng/adit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adit
trans_list: galerie
sense:
A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage from the surface into a mine, as contrasted with a shaft or vertical entry passage. An adit may be used for ventilation, haulage, drainage, or other purposes.


lexentry: eng/adjective_phrase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adjective phrase
trans_list: locution adjectivale
sense:
(grammar) A phrase that collectively modifies or describes a noun or pronoun and which can usually be used both attributively and predicatively, can be graded, and be modified by an adverb.


lexentry: eng/adjika__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adjika
trans_list: adjika
sense:
A hot, spicy but subtly flavoured paste often used to flavour food, mainly in the Caucasian regions of Abkhazia and Samegrelo.


lexentry: eng/adjoin__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adjoin
trans_list: adjoindre
sense:
(transitive, mathematics, chiefly, algebra, and, number theory) To extend an algebraic object (e.g. a field, a ring, etc.) by adding to it (an element not belonging to it) and all finite power series of (the element).


lexentry: eng/adjustable_pliers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adjustable pliers
trans_list: pince multiprise | pince becro | pince multiple
sense:
A type of pliers used by plumbers that can be quickly changed in size and is primarily used for tightening nuts on water pipes.


lexentry: eng/adjutant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adjutant
trans_list: adjudant
sense:
(military rank) A lower-ranking officer who assists a higher-ranking officer with administrative affairs.


lexentry: eng/adjuvant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adjuvant
trans_list: adjuvant
sense:
(medicine) Designating a supplementary form of treatment, especially a cancer therapy administered after removal of a primary tumour. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/administer__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: administer
trans_list: administrer | gérer
sense:
(transitive) To manage or supervise the conduct, performance or execution of; to govern or regulate the parameters for the conduct, performance or execution of; to work in an administrative capacity.


lexentry: eng/administer__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: administer
trans_list: administrer
sense:
(transitive, medicine) To cause (a patient, human or animal) to ingest (a drug), either by openly offering or through deceit.


lexentry: eng/administration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: administration
trans_list: administration
sense:
(uncountable) The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction.


lexentry: eng/administration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: administration
trans_list: administration
sense:
(countable, government, politics) The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are entrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: administrator
trans_list: administrateur | gérant | administratrice | gestionnaire | gérante
sense:
One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: administrator
trans_list: gestionnaire
sense:
(legal) A person who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: administrator
trans_list: administrateur | administratrice | admin
sense:
(computing) One who is responsible for software installation, management, information and maintenance of a computer or network


lexentry: eng/admiral__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: admiral
trans_list: amiral
sense:
A naval officer of high rank, immediately below Admiral of the Fleet; the commander of a fleet or squadron.


lexentry: eng/admiral__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: admiral
trans_list: amiral
sense:
Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genera Kaniska, Limenitis and Vanessa, especially a red admiral or white admiral.


lexentry: eng/admiral_of_the_fleet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: admiral of the fleet
trans_list: grand-amiral
sense:
(military, UK) the highest rank in the Royal Navy and other navies, NATO grade OF-10, usually reserved for wartime and ceremonial use.


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: admit
trans_list: admettre
sense:
(transitive) To allow to enter; to grant entrance (to), whether into a place, into the mind, or into consideration


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: admit
trans_list: admettre
sense:
(transitive) To allow (someone) to enter a profession or to enjoy a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise.


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: admit
trans_list: admettre | reconnaître | avouer
sense:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny (+ to).


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: admit
trans_list: admettre
sense:
(transitive) To be capable of; to permit. In this sense, "of" may be used after the verb, or may be omitted.


lexentry: eng/admonish__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: admonish
trans_list: admonester | réprimander
sense:
(transitive) To inform or notify of a fault; to rebuke gently or kindly, but seriously; to tell off.


lexentry: eng/admonish__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: admonish
trans_list: avertir
sense:
(transitive, with of or against) To advise against wrongdoing; to caution; to warn against danger or an offense.


lexentry: eng/adnate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adnate
trans_list: adné
sense:
(botany, mycology) Linked or fused to a structure of a type different from itself; for example, attachment of a stamen to a petal is adnate, while attachment of a stamen to another stamen is connate.


lexentry: eng/adnominal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adnominal
trans_list: adnominal
sense:
(grammar) The adnominal case: A word or phrase qualifying a noun, such as an adjective or a relative clause.


lexentry: eng/adoption__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adoption
trans_list: adoption
sense:
The state of being adopted; the acceptance of a child of other parents as if he or she were one's own child.


lexentry: eng/adoptionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adoptionism
trans_list: adoptianisme
sense:
(Christianity) A form of Christianity which maintains that Jesus is divine only in the sense that God the Father adopted him, either at Jesus' birth, or at his death, as opposed to the orthodox understanding of the nature of the Trinity.


lexentry: eng/adposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adposition
trans_list: adposition
sense:
(grammar) An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition.


lexentry: eng/adrenal_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adrenal gland
trans_list: glande surrénale
sense:
(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.


lexentry: eng/adrenaline_junkie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adrenaline junkie
trans_list: accro à l'adrénaline
sense:
(colloquial) One who is seemingly addicted to the sensation of exhilaration associated with risky behaviors or exciting situations, and who actively seeks such opportunities.


lexentry: eng/adrenarche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adrenarche
trans_list: adrénarche
sense:
A stage of maturation of the cortex of the human adrenal glands, related to puberty, typically occurring between the ages of six and ten years and involving both structural and functional changes.


lexentry: eng/adsorption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adsorption
trans_list: adsorption
sense:
The adhesion of a liquid or gas on the surface of a solid material, forming a thin film on the surface.


lexentry: eng/adstratum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adstratum
trans_list: adstrat
sense:
(linguistics) Any language having elements that are responsible for change in neighbouring languages


lexentry: eng/adularia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adularia
trans_list: adulaire
sense:
(mineral) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as colorless to white prismatic crystals in cavities in metamorphic rocks. Some specimens reflect a bluish sheen along crystal faces. This phenomenon is called adularescence, and adularia with this property is called moonstone. (See sanidine).


lexentry: eng/adult_baby__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adult baby
trans_list: bébé adulte
sense:
(sexuality, ABDL) A person who has a paraphilia involving role-playing a regression to an infant-like state, wearing diapers, etc.


lexentry: eng/adult_content__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adult content
trans_list: contenu pour adultes
sense:
Content, such as pornography or violence, that is not generally thought to be appropriate for viewing by children.


lexentry: eng/adultery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adultery
trans_list: adultère
sense:
(biblical, narrowly) Sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than their spouse. See more synonyms at Thesaurus:cuckoldry


lexentry: eng/adulthood__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adulthood
trans_list: majorité | âge adulte
sense:
The time period of a human being's majority; the time during which a human being has reached physical maturity, and ending with its death.


lexentry: eng/adumbration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adumbration
trans_list: ébauche | ébauchement
sense:
(countable, uncountable, figuratively) A rough or symbolic representation; a vague indication of what is to come, a foreshadowing.


lexentry: eng/advance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: advance
trans_list: avances
sense:
(often, in the plural) An opening approach or overture, now especially of an unwelcome or sexual nature.


lexentry: eng/advance_guard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advance guard
trans_list: avant-garde
sense:
A unit or units leading the way of advancing or marching troops, guarding them from ambushes, reconnoitering and pursuing the enemy, etc.


lexentry: eng/advance_payment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advance payment
trans_list: avance | paiement à l'avance
sense:
The part of a contractually due sum that is paid or received in advance for a good, service or social security payment.


lexentry: eng/advantage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advantage
trans_list: avantage
sense:
(countable) Any condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end.


lexentry: eng/advantage__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: advantage
trans_list: avantage
sense:
(obsolete) Superiority; mastery; — used with of to specify its nature or with over to specify the other party.


lexentry: eng/advection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advection
trans_list: advection
sense:
(earth science, chemistry) The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc.


lexentry: eng/advection_fog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advection fog
trans_list: brume d'advection
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A type of fog caused by the passage of moist air horizontally over a relatively colder surface and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dew point.


lexentry: eng/adventure__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adventure
trans_list: aventure
sense:
A daring feat; a bold undertaking, in which dangers are likely to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; the encountering of risks.


lexentry: eng/adventure__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: adventure
trans_list: aventure
sense:
A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account.


lexentry: eng/adventurism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adventurism
trans_list: aventurisme
sense:
(politics) The taking of excessive risks by a government in their political, economic or foreign affairs. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/adventurous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adventurous
trans_list: aventureux
sense:
(of a, person) Inclined to adventure; willing to take risks; prone to embark on hazardous enterprises; daring.


lexentry: eng/adverb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverb
trans_list: adverbe
sense:
(grammar) A word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses.


lexentry: eng/adverb__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adverb
trans_list: adverbe
sense:
(programming) In the Raku programming language, a named parameter that modifies the behavior of a routine.


lexentry: eng/adverbial_participle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverbial participle
trans_list: gérondif
sense:
(grammar) A participle that modifies a verb in the same sentence and is equivalent to an adverbial clause in English. Adverbial participles may denote time, condition, cause, concession, manner, means, purpose, or attendant circumstance.


lexentry: eng/adverbial_phrase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverbial phrase
trans_list: locution adverbiale
sense:
(grammar) A phrase that collectively modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, or a prepositional phrase.


lexentry: eng/adverse__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverse
trans_list: défavorable | adverse
sense:
Unfavorable; antagonistic in purpose or effect; hostile; actively opposing one's interests or wishes; contrary to one's welfare; acting against; working in an opposing direction.


lexentry: eng/adverse_possession__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverse possession
trans_list: prescription acquisitive | usucapion
sense:
(legal) A means of acquiring title to another's real property without compensation by occupying the property in a manner that has under common law the requirements of being actual, open and notorious, exclusive, hostile, under cover of claim or right, and continuous for a certain number of years.


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advertise
trans_list: annoncer
sense:
(transitive) To give (especially public) notice of (something); to announce publicly. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: advertise
trans_list: afficher | publier
sense:
(intransitive) To provide information about a person or goods and services to influence others. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertising_agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advertising agency
trans_list: agence de communication
sense:
a business enterprise dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising on behalf of its client companies.


lexentry: eng/advertorial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advertorial
trans_list: publireportage | publirédactionnel
sense:
An advertisement written in the form of an objective editorial, presented in a printed publication, and usually designed to look like a legitimate and independent news article.


lexentry: eng/advisedly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advisedly
trans_list: intentionnellement
sense:
With intentionality, and deliberately, usually also with a connotation of due consideration and wise choosing.


lexentry: eng/advocacy_group__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advocacy group
trans_list: groupe de pression
sense:
A group of people, always allied and sometimes also formally organised, who use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and policy.


lexentry: eng/adware__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adware
trans_list: logiciel de publicité | logiciel publicitaire | publiciel
sense:
(computing) A software application that includes advertisements, which are displayed while the software is running. Developers use adware as a source of income and to keep the costs of the software down (usually making it free). Some adware programs can include spyware.


lexentry: eng/adynaton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adynaton
trans_list: adynaton
sense:
(rhetoric) A form of hyperbole that uses exaggeration so magnified as to express impossibility; an instance of such hyperbole.


lexentry: eng/adytum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adytum
trans_list: adyton
sense:
(Ancient Greece, religion) The innermost sanctuary or shrine in a temple, from where oracles were given.


lexentry: eng/adze__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adze
trans_list: herminette
sense:
A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.


lexentry: eng/aedile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aedile
trans_list: édile
sense:
(historical, Ancient Rome) An elected official who was responsible for the maintenance of public buildings, regulation of festivals, supervision of markets and the supply of grain and water.


lexentry: eng/aegipan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aegipan
trans_list: ægipan | égipan | égypan
sense:
(Greek mythology) A goat-like creature resembling a satyr, sometimes portrayed as having a fish's tail.


lexentry: eng/aegis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aegis
trans_list: égide
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A mythological shield associated with the Greek deities Zeus and Athena (and their Roman counterparts Jupiter and Minerva) shown as a short cloak made of goatskin worn on the shoulders, more as an emblem of power and protection than a military shield. The aegis of Athena or Minerva is usually shown with a border of snakes and with the head of Medusa in the center. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/aegrotat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aegrotat
trans_list: certificat médical
sense:
(British, dated) A certificate indicating that a student is ill, excusing attendance at lectures and examinations and allowing courses to be passed without finishing the work.


lexentry: eng/aeolian_harp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aeolian harp
trans_list: harpe d'Éole | harpe à vent | harpe éolienne | harpe éolique | éole-harpe | éoli-harpe
sense:
(musical instrument) An open box over which strings are stretched that sound when the wind passes over them


lexentry: eng/aeolipile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aeolipile
trans_list: éolipyle
sense:
A steam engine powered by rocket propulsion due to escaping steam, consisting of a pressure vessel mounted on a bearing, with one or more tubes which exhaust steam tangentially to the rotation axis so as to create rotation.


lexentry: eng/aeration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aeration
trans_list: aération
sense:
By extension, a process in which other gases (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen or argon) are circulated through or mixed with a substance (usually liquid), sometimes with the consequence of increasing the transfer of air into the same liquid at the surface due to the induced circulation.


lexentry: eng/aerial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerial
trans_list: antenne
sense:
(chiefly, _, UK) A rod, wire, or other structure for receiving or transmitting radio, television signals etc.


lexentry: eng/aerial_cableway__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerial cableway
trans_list: téléphérique
sense:
A large assortment of cables, suspended above the ground at a minesite or quarry, used to transport tools and equipment over rough territory.


lexentry: eng/aerobatics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerobatics
trans_list: acrobatie aérienne | voltige | voltige aérienne
sense:
Spectacular stunts, performed in an airplane or glider. Examples include various types of rolls and loops.


lexentry: eng/aerobe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerobe
trans_list: aérobie
sense:
(biology) Any organism (but especially a bacterium) that can tolerate the presence of oxygen, or that needs oxygen to survive.


lexentry: eng/aerobics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerobics
trans_list: aérobic
sense:
A form of exercise, designed to enhance one's cardiovascular fitness, normally performed to music. [1968]


lexentry: eng/aerobiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerobiology
trans_list: aérobiologie
sense:
(biology) The study of the dispersion of airborne biological materials, as pollen, spores, microorganisms, or viruses.


lexentry: eng/aerodynamics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerodynamics
trans_list: aérodynamique
sense:
The science of the dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases, especially the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere


lexentry: eng/aerogel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerogel
trans_list: aérogel
sense:
A porous, ultralight solid-state substance, similar to gel, in which the liquid component is replaced with gas.


lexentry: eng/aerogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aerogram
trans_list: aérogramme
sense:
A thin piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter and serving as its own envelope for transit via airmail.


lexentry: eng/aerology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerology
trans_list: aérologie
sense:
The branch of meteorology involving the observation of the atmosphere by means of balloons, kites, rockets, drones, airplanes, etc.


lexentry: eng/aerometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerometry
trans_list: aérométrie | aërométrie
sense:
The science of measuring the air, including its pressure, density, quality, direction and condensation; pneumatics.


lexentry: eng/aeronomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aeronomy
trans_list: aéronomie
sense:
A branch of science that deals with the upper atmosphere of the Earth and the other planets with reference to their chemical composition, physical properties, relative motion, and responses to radiation from space.


lexentry: eng/aerophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerophone
trans_list: aérophone
sense:
Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound.


lexentry: eng/aerospace__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aerospace
trans_list: aérospatial
sense:
Of, or relating to the science, technology and industry associated with aircraft, missiles, satellites and spacecraft.


lexentry: eng/aerostat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerostat
trans_list: aérostat
sense:
An aircraft, such as a dirigible or balloon, that derives its lift from buoyancy rather than from wings or rotors.


lexentry: eng/aerostatics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerostatics
trans_list: aérostatique
sense:
(physics) the study of gases in equilibrium and of balloons or aircraft in varying atmospheric conditions


lexentry: eng/aesthete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aesthete
trans_list: esthète
sense:
(often, derogatory) Someone who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature, often in a manner perceived to prioritize beauty over other qualities such as virtue and utility.


lexentry: eng/aesthetic_surgeon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A surgeon who performs aesthetic surgery
written_rep: aesthetic surgeon
trans_list:
chirurgien esthéticien | chirurgien esthétique | chirurgienne esthéticienne | chirurgienne esthétique


lexentry: eng/aestivation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aestivation
trans_list: estivation
sense:
(biology) A state of inactivity and metabolic depression during summer: the summer version of hibernation.


lexentry: eng/aetiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aetiology
trans_list: étiologie
sense:
(medicine, uncountable) The study or investigation of the causes of disease; a scientific explanation for the origin of a disease.


lexentry: eng/aeviternity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aeviternity
trans_list: éviternité
sense:
(Scholastic, _, philosophy) Synonym of aevum (“the temporal mode of existence between time and eternity, said to be experienced by angels, saints, and celestial bodies (which medieval astronomy believed to be unchanging)”)


lexentry: eng/affable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affable
trans_list: aimable | affable
sense:
Receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; friendly, courteous, sociable.


lexentry: eng/affect__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affect
trans_list: feindre
sense:
(transitive) To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume. To make a false display of. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/affection__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: affection
trans_list: affection
sense:
The state of being affected, especially: a change in, or alteration of, the emotional state of a person or other animal, caused by a subjective affect (a subjective feeling or emotion), which arises in response to a stimulus which may result from either thought or perception.


lexentry: eng/affiliate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affiliate
trans_list: filiale
sense:
Someone or something, especially, a television station, that is associated with a larger, related organization, such as a television network; a member of a group of associated things.


lexentry: eng/affiliate__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: affiliate
trans_list: affilier
sense:
(intransitive, followed by "to" or "with") To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.


lexentry: eng/affine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: affine
trans_list: affine
sense:
(not comparable, geometry) Of or pertaining to a function expressible as f(\vec x)= A \vec x + \vec b (where A is a linear transformation and \vec b is a constant), which, regarded as a transformation, maps parallel lines to parallel lines and finite points to finite points.


lexentry: eng/affine_transformation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affine transformation
trans_list: transformation affine
sense:
(geometry, linear algebra) A geometric transformation that preserves lines and parallelism, but in general not lengths or angles; (more formally) an automorphism of an affine space: a mapping of an affine space onto itself that preserves both the dimension of any affine subspace and the ratio of the lengths of any pair of parallel line segments.


lexentry: eng/affinity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: affinity
trans_list: affinité
sense:
A family relationship through marriage of a relative (e.g. sister-in-law), as opposed to consanguinity (e.g. sister).


lexentry: eng/affinity__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: affinity
trans_list: affinité
sense:
(chemistry) An attractive force between atoms, or groups of atoms, that contributes towards their forming bonds.


lexentry: eng/affinity_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affinity card
trans_list: carte affinitaire
sense:
(finance) A credit card made available by a bank or other lender to qualified people associated with a sponsoring organization (such as a club, educational institution, charity, or business), typically with provision for a portion of the lender's interest income to be paid to the sponsor and sometimes providing special benefits (such as reduced fees) for the users.


lexentry: eng/affirm__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: affirm
trans_list: affirmer
sense:
To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; especially (legal) to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appellate court for review.


lexentry: eng/affirmative_action__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affirmative action
trans_list: action positive | discrimination positive
sense:
(uncountable) A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination


lexentry: eng/affogato__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affogato
trans_list: affogato
sense:
A drink or dessert (especially ice-cream) topped with espresso and sometimes a caramel or chocolate sauce


lexentry: eng/afford__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afford
trans_list: permettre
sense:
To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; (usually, after an expression of ability, as could, able, difficult) to be able or rich enough.


lexentry: eng/afford__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: afford
trans_list: offrir
sense:
(obsolete) To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting or expending, with profit, or without too great a loss.


lexentry: eng/affordance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: affordance
trans_list: affordance | potentialité
sense:
(human-machine interaction) A potential transaction or operation that is made possible by a given object or environment; especially, one that is made easily discoverable.


lexentry: eng/afforestation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afforestation
trans_list: boisement
sense:
The act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested.


lexentry: eng/affreightment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affreightment
trans_list: affrètement
sense:
(nautical) The act of hiring, or the contract for use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.


lexentry: eng/afield__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afield
trans_list: absent
sense:
Away (from the home or starting point, physical or conceptual); usually preceded by far (or farther, further).


lexentry: eng/afrobeat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afrobeat
trans_list: afrobeat
sense:
(music) Music that combines West African musical styles (such as traditional Yoruba music and highlife) with American funk, jazz, and soul influences, with a focus on chanted vocals, complex intersecting rhythms, and percussion.


lexentry: eng/after__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: after
trans_list: après que | après de
sense:
Signifies that the action of the clause it starts takes place before the action of the other clause.


lexentry: eng/after__Preposition__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: after
trans_list: à cause de
sense:
(Irish, Newfoundland, usually, preceded by a form of be, followed by an -ing form of a verb) Used to indicate recent completion of an activity


lexentry: eng/after_all__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: after all
trans_list: après tout | finalement
sense:
(idiomatic) anyway, in any case; indicates a statement is true regardless of other considerations; used to reinforce or explain a point.


lexentry: eng/after_all__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: after all
trans_list: après tout
sense:
(idiomatic) in the end, however; used in referring to something that was believed to be the case, but is not; or to an outcome that is not what was expected or predicted.


lexentry: eng/afterbirth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afterbirth
trans_list: arrière-faix | délivrance
sense:
The placenta and other material expelled via the birth canal following childbirth or parturition in mammals.


lexentry: eng/aftermath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aftermath
trans_list: regain
sense:
(obsolete, agriculture) A second mowing; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season.


lexentry: eng/aftermath__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aftermath
trans_list: contrecoup | dégâts | impact | séquelles
sense:
That which happens after, that which follows, usually of strongly negative connotation in most contexts, implying a preceding catastrophe.


lexentry: eng/afternoon_tea__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: afternoon tea
trans_list: goûter
sense:
(Australia, NZ, Hong Kong) A small meal or snack eaten between lunch and dinner (supper); a period of time set aside for this purpose, taken as a break from work or from a conference.


lexentry: eng/aftershock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aftershock
trans_list: réplique
sense:
An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake (the "mainshock").


lexentry: eng/again__Adverb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: again
trans_list: déjà | de nouveau
sense:
Tell me again, say again; used in asking a question to which one may have already received an answer that one cannot remember.


lexentry: eng/again__Adverb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: again
trans_list: encore | de nouveau | à nouveau
sense:
Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/against__Preposition__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: against
trans_list: contre
sense:
(Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.


lexentry: eng/against_the_grain__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: against the grain
trans_list: à contre-fil
sense:
(woodworking, of sanding or planing a piece of wood) Preventing a smooth, level surface from being formed by raising the nap of the wood or causing larger splinters to form ahead of the cutting tool below the cutting surface.


lexentry: eng/against_the_grain__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: against the grain
trans_list: à contre-courant
sense:
(idiomatic) Contrary to what is expected; especially, of behavior different from what society expects.


lexentry: eng/agar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agar
trans_list: agar-agar
sense:
A gelatinous material obtained from red algae, especially Gracilaria species, used as a bacterial culture medium, in electrophoresis and as a food additive.


lexentry: eng/agarwood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agarwood
trans_list: agalloche | bois d'aigle | calamba | gaharu
sense:
Heartwood from trees of genus Aquilaria, especially Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. A. agallocha), infected with mold (Phialophora parasitica), which produce an aromatic resin in response to this infestation.


lexentry: eng/agate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agate
trans_list: agate
sense:
(countable, uncountable, mineral) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.


lexentry: eng/agave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agave
trans_list: agave
sense:
Any plant in the large, variable genus Agave: succulent plants, commonly armed with formidable prickles; they flower at maturity after several years, and generally die thereafter; large species, such as the maguey or century plant, (Agave americana), produce gigantic inflorescences. Several are of economic importance as sources of fibre such as sisal, and alcoholic beverages such as tequila.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: age
trans_list: époque | ère
sense:
(countable, poker) The right of the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: age
trans_list: âge
sense:
(uncountable) That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; specifically the size of that part.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: age
trans_list: âge
sense:
(uncountable) An advanced period of life; the latter part of life; the state of being old, old age, senility; seniority.


lexentry: eng/age_limit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: age limit
trans_list: limite d'âge
sense:
A restriction placed on an activity based on the age of the participants; either lower or higher limit.


lexentry: eng/age_of_consent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: age of consent
trans_list: majorité sexuelle
sense:
(legal) The age at which a person is legally considered to be mature enough to engage willingly in sexual intercourse, so that it is not a crime for someone else to have sex with the person.


lexentry: eng/age_of_majority__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: age of majority
trans_list: majorité civile | majorité légale
sense:
(legal) The age at which the rights and privileges of an adult are legally granted or recognized; i.e.; the age where a person ceases to be a minor legally and becomes a legal adult.


lexentry: eng/age_of_reason__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: age of reason
trans_list: âge de raison
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) Seven years of age, at which age a person is morally liable for the sins that he or she commits.


lexentry: eng/age_of_reason__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: age of reason
trans_list: âge de raison
sense:
(by extension) Age at which a person is able to distinguish right from wrong and make their own decisions.


lexentry: eng/ageism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ageism
trans_list: âgisme
sense:
The treating of a person or people, especially youth or seniors, differently from others based on assumptions, prejudices or/and stereotypes relating to their age.


lexentry: eng/ageless__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ageless
trans_list: éternel
sense:
(relative to past) Having existed for so great a period of time that its longevity cannot be expressed.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agency
trans_list: agentivité
sense:
(sociology, philosophy, psychology) The capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: agency
trans_list: agence
sense:
The office or function of an agent; also, the relationship between a principal and that person's agent.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: agency
trans_list: agence | action | organisme
sense:
An establishment engaged in doing business for another; also, the place of business or the district of such an agency.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agent
trans_list: agent
sense:
One who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by that person's authority; someone entrusted to do the business of another


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: agent
trans_list: agent
sense:
An active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: agent
trans_list: agent
sense:
(computing) In the client-server model, the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or server. Especially in the phrase “intelligent agent” it implies some kind of autonomous process which can communicate with other agents to perform some collective task on behalf of one or more humans.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: agent
trans_list: complément d'agent
sense:
(grammar) The participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation, e.g. "the boy" in the sentences "The boy kicked the ball" and "The ball was kicked by the boy".


lexentry: eng/agent_noun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agent noun
trans_list: nom d'agent
sense:
(grammar) A noun that denotes an agent that performs the action denoted by the verb from which the noun is derived, such as "rider" derived from "to ride", or "cutter" derived from "to cut".


lexentry: eng/agent_provocateur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agent provocateur
trans_list: agent provocateur
sense:
A person who secretly disrupts a group's activities from within the group, particularly by encouraging or committing illegal acts to discredit the group or expose them to prosecution; an instigator, troublemaker.


lexentry: eng/agentic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agentic
trans_list: en mode mission
sense:
(psychology, by extension, of a psychological state of a person) That obeys authority (introduced in Milgram's theory).


lexentry: eng/ageplay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ageplay
trans_list: jeu de régression
sense:
(sexuality) A form of roleplay in which the player deliberately acts an age different from their own (and usually younger).


lexentry: eng/aggiornamento__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggiornamento
trans_list: aggiornamento
sense:
A bringing up to date, especially of the Roman Catholic Church by the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65; modernization.


lexentry: eng/agglomerate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agglomerate
trans_list: agglomérat
sense:
(geology, vulcanology) A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; distinguished from conglomerate.


lexentry: eng/agglomeration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: agglomeration
trans_list: agglomération
sense:
(geography) An extended city area comprising the built-up area of a central city and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area.


lexentry: eng/agglutinate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agglutinate
trans_list: agglutiner
sense:
(transitive) To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.


lexentry: eng/agglutination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agglutination
trans_list: agglutination
sense:
The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united; adhesion of parts.


lexentry: eng/aggrandizement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggrandizement
trans_list: agrandissement
sense:
The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement.


lexentry: eng/aggravate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggravate
trans_list: aggraver
sense:
To make (an offence) worse or more severe; to increase in offensiveness or heinousness. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/aggravating_circumstance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggravating circumstance
trans_list: circonstance aggravante
sense:
(legal, or general usage, chiefly, in the plural) A factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act.


lexentry: eng/aggravation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aggravation
trans_list: circonstances aggravantes
sense:
An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggregate
trans_list: agrégat
sense:
A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aggregate
trans_list: agrégat
sense:
A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; – in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous particles.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: aggregate
trans_list: granulats
sense:
Solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.


lexentry: eng/aggregate_fruit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggregate fruit
trans_list: fruit aggloméré | fruit agrégé
sense:
(botany) A fruit that develops from the fusion of more than one carpel within a single flower, as for instance, a raspberry.


lexentry: eng/aggressive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggressive
trans_list: agressif
sense:
Characterized by aggression; unjustly attacking; prone to behave in a way that involves attacking or arguing.


lexentry: eng/aggressor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggressor
trans_list: agresseur | agresseuse
sense:
The person or country that first attacks or makes an aggression; that begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.


lexentry: eng/agility__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agility
trans_list: agilité
sense:
(uncountable) The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion


lexentry: eng/aging__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aging
trans_list: sénescence
sense:
The deliberate process of making something (such as an antique) appear (or, in science fiction, become) older than it is.


lexentry: eng/agio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agio
trans_list: agio
sense:
(economics, finance) The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio.


lexentry: eng/agitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agitation
trans_list: agitation
sense:
The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being disrupted with violence, or with irregular action; commotion.


lexentry: eng/agitprop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agitprop
trans_list: agitprop
sense:
(uncountable, also, attributively) Political propaganda disseminated through art, drama, literature, etc., especially communist propaganda; (specifically, communism, historical) such propaganda formerly disseminated by the Department for Agitation and Propaganda of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/agnosticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agnosticism
trans_list: agnosticisme
sense:
The view that the existence of God or of all deities is unknown, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable.


lexentry: eng/agnotology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agnotology
trans_list: agnotologie
sense:
The study of culturally-induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data.


lexentry: eng/agonist__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: agonist
trans_list: agoniste
sense:
(biochemistry, pharmacology) A molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction.


lexentry: eng/agorism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agorism
trans_list: agorisme
sense:
(politics, economics) A revolutionary political philosophy that advocates the creation of a voluntaryist society by means of counter-economics (i.e. black market).


lexentry: eng/agranulocytosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agranulocytosis
trans_list: agranulocytose
sense:
(disease) An acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia, particularly of neutrophils, causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.


lexentry: eng/agree__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agree
trans_list: être d'accord | consentir
sense:
(intransitive) To be in harmony about an opinion, statement, or action; to have a consistent idea between two or more people.


lexentry: eng/agree__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: agree
trans_list: accorder
sense:
(intransitive, grammar) To correspond to (another word) in a grammatical category, such as gender, number, case, or person.


lexentry: eng/agreeableness__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: agreeableness
trans_list: agréabilité
sense:
(psychology) A personality trait characterized by the adjectives kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm and considerate.


lexentry: eng/agreement__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agreement
trans_list: accord
sense:
(uncountable) A state whereby several parties share a view or opinion; the state of not contradicting one another.


lexentry: eng/agreement__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: agreement
trans_list: accord
sense:
(uncountable, linguistics, grammar) Rules that exist in many languages that force some parts of a sentence to be used or inflected differently depending on certain attributes of other parts.


lexentry: eng/agreement_in_principle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agreement in principle
trans_list: accord de principe
sense:
(idiomatic, legal) A legally enforceable, but incompletely specified, agreement between parties that identifies the fundamental terms that are intended to be or are agreed upon.


lexentry: eng/agribusiness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agribusiness
trans_list: agro-industrie
sense:
(uncountable) Business (especially big business) connected to agriculture, either owning or operating large-scale farms, or catering to those who do. [from 1950s]


lexentry: eng/agriculture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agriculture
trans_list: agriculture
sense:
The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of livestock


lexentry: eng/agrimi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agrimi
trans_list: chèvre sauvage crétoise | kri-kri
sense:
A type of goat with long horns that curl back, native to Crete, subspecies Capra hircus cretica, sometimes Capra aegagrus cretica et al.


lexentry: eng/agrimony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agrimony
trans_list: aigremoine
sense:
Any of several perennial herbaceous plants, of the genus Agrimonia, that have spikes of yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/agritourism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agritourism
trans_list: agritourisme
sense:
A form of tourism in which tourists stay in farms or agricultural villages, either to experience farm life, or as a base for exploring the countryside


lexentry: eng/agroecosystem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agroecosystem
trans_list: agroécosystème
sense:
A conceptual model of an agricultural system (crop, farm or whole economy), relating its functions to its inputs and outputs.


lexentry: eng/agroforestry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agroforestry
trans_list: agroforesterie
sense:
An agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.


lexentry: eng/agrology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agrology
trans_list: agrologie
sense:
(rare) A subdiscipline of agronomy (the science of utilizing animals, plants, and soils) and of soil science which addresses the influence of edaphic (soil-related) conditions on crop production for optimizing it. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/agronomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agronomy
trans_list: agronomie
sense:
The science of utilizing plants, animals and soils for food, fuel, feed, and fiber and more. To do this effectively and sustainably, agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, animal sciences and soil science.


lexentry: eng/ah__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ah
trans_list: ah
sense:
An expression of relief, relaxation, comfort, confusion, understanding, wonder, awe, etc. according to uttered inflection.


lexentry: eng/aha_moment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aha moment
trans_list: illumination
sense:
(idiomatic) The moment or instant at which the solution to a problem, or some other significant realization, becomes clear.


lexentry: eng/ahead_of_one's_time__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ahead of one's time
trans_list: en avance sur son temps
sense:
(idiomatic) In advance of concurrent commonly accepted ideas; showing characteristics of changes yet to be; present in one's work before later advances in the field.


lexentry: eng/aid__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: aid
trans_list: aide
sense:
(countable, British) An historical subsidy granted to the crown by Parliament for an extraordinary purpose, such as a war effort.


lexentry: eng/aid_climbing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aid climbing
trans_list: escalade artificielle
sense:
(climbing) a type of rock climbing characterized by using equipment to make upward progress, as opposed to using the equipment solely for safety or for belays.


lexentry: eng/aide-de-camp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aide-de-camp
trans_list: adjudant | aide de camp
sense:
A military officer who serves as an adjutant to a higher-ranking officer, prince or other high political dignitary.


lexentry: eng/aiglet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aiglet
trans_list: ferret | aglet | aiglet
sense:
A tip, originally of metal and often decorative, on a ribbon or cord that makes lacing two parts of a garment or garments together easier, as in corset lacings, "points" (lacing hose or trousers to jacket or doublet) or sleeves to a bodice.


lexentry: eng/ail__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ail
trans_list: faillir | manquer
sense:
(transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)


lexentry: eng/ailette__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ailette
trans_list: ailette
sense:
(historical) A small square piece of armour, normally made of boiled leather, worn on the shoulders of knights.


lexentry: eng/aim__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aim
trans_list: viser
sense:
The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, or object, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, such as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it.


lexentry: eng/aim__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aim
trans_list: viser | cibler
sense:
(intransitive) To direct the intention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor;—followed by at, or by an infinitive


lexentry: eng/aim__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aim
trans_list: viser
sense:
(transitive) To direct or point (e.g. a weapon), at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object


lexentry: eng/air-dry__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air-dry
trans_list: sec à l'aire
sense:
Free of moisture to the degree possible by exposure to air (moisture contents of the object and air are in equilibrium); "naturally" dried.


lexentry: eng/air__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air
trans_list: air
sense:
(historical, philosophy, alchemy) understood as one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.


lexentry: eng/air__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: air
trans_list: air
sense:
(usually, with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near vacuum of outer space.


lexentry: eng/air_bed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air bed
trans_list: matelas pneumatique
sense:
A bed that is inflated with air and used as a permanent or temporary bed. They are adjustable, and sometimes portable.


lexentry: eng/air_bubble__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air bubble
trans_list: chimère
sense:
A small pocket of air inside a solid, a liquid or surrounded by a colloid within a larger fluid environment.


lexentry: eng/air_commodore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air commodore
trans_list: brigadier
sense:
A person holding a rank, in the Royal Air Force and many Commonwealth air forces, between that of group captain and air vice-marshal, equivalent to an army brigadier general, or equivalent rank in other air forces.


lexentry: eng/air_corridor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air corridor
trans_list: aterrissage
sense:
(aviation) A predefined route, or series of routes, in which a commercial or military aircraft must fly.


lexentry: eng/air_duct__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air duct
trans_list: porte-vent
sense:
A duct, through which air is forced or extracted, that forms part of a building's air conditioning and ventilation system.


lexentry: eng/air_filter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air filter
trans_list: filtre à air
sense:
A filter for removing dust and other particles from a stream of air, typically used in the air intake of an internal combustion engine, the output of an air compressor, the supply duct of a forced-air furnace, etc.


lexentry: eng/air_hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air hole
trans_list: évent
sense:
A hole in any surface that allows air or other gases to pass, especially an opening in the surface of a frozen lake etc.


lexentry: eng/air_mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air mass
trans_list: masse d'air
sense:
(meteorology) A particular volume of air, especially one having a roughly uniform temperature, pressure and water vapour content. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/air_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air out
trans_list: aérer | crever l'abcès
sense:
(idiomatic) To expose to air; to leave open or spread out, as to allow odor or moisture to dissipate.


lexentry: eng/air_pistol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air pistol
trans_list: pistolet à air comprimé | pistolet à l'air
sense:
A pistol that propels a pellet or other projectile by using compressed gas, rather than an explosion of gunpowder or other means.


lexentry: eng/air_pocket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air pocket
trans_list: trou d'air
sense:
A local region of low atmospheric pressure, or a local downward current; especially one that causes an aircraft to lose height suddenly.


lexentry: eng/air_rifle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air rifle
trans_list: carabine à air comprimé
sense:
A rifle that propels a pellet or other projectile by using compressed gas, rather than an explosion of gunpowder or other means.


lexentry: eng/air_superiority__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air superiority
trans_list: supériorité aérienne
sense:
(warfare) A dominance in the air power of one side's air forces over the other side's during a military campaign. It is defined in the NATO Glossary as "That degree of dominance in the air battle of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, and air forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force."


lexentry: eng/air_supremacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air supremacy
trans_list: supériorité aérienne
sense:
In a war, the most favorable state of control of the air: air superiority so complete that the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference.


lexentry: eng/air_tanker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air tanker
trans_list: avion-citerne | avitailleur
sense:
An aircraft used to deliver liquids (or powders) from the air, usually either fuel, fire-retardants, or water.


lexentry: eng/air_traffic_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air traffic control
trans_list: contrôle du trafic aérien | contrôle de la circulation aérienne
sense:
A system designed to give assistance to aircraft, to prevent collisions and to manage aircraft flow.


lexentry: eng/airbag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airbag
trans_list: airbag | coussin gonflable de sécurité | coussin gonflable
sense:
(automotive) A protective system in automobiles in which when a crash occurs, a bag containing nitrogen, formed by the explosive decomposition of sodium azide, quickly inflates in front of the driver or passenger, preventing injury to the head. Side air bags, including the back seat passengers, also prevent injury.


lexentry: eng/airbrush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airbrush
trans_list: aérographe
sense:
A miniature, handheld paint sprayer, powered by compressed air or other gas, used for delicate, artistic painting, or sometimes retouching of photographs.


lexentry: eng/aircraft_carrier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aircraft carrier
trans_list: porte-avions
sense:
A warship designed to carry aircraft, serving as a seagoing air base, with a deck on which aircraft can be launched and landed.


lexentry: eng/airfield__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airfield
trans_list: aérodrome
sense:
(aviation) An open field designated for the taking off and landing of aircraft, but which, unlike an airport, does not necessarily have terminals or paved runways.


lexentry: eng/airing_cupboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airing cupboard
trans_list: placard-séchoir
sense:
A clothes storage cupboard built around a house's hot water system, using the heat to dry damp clothes.


lexentry: eng/airlock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airlock
trans_list: sas
sense:
A sealed, airtight chamber, such as in a manned spacecraft or submarine, used to provide access to and from the sealed area without allowing air out or water in.


lexentry: eng/airmass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airmass
trans_list: mass d'air
sense:
(physics, meteorology) a widespread body of air, the properties of which can be identified as: (a) having been established while that air was situated over a particular region of the Earth's surface (airmass source region) and (b) undergoing specific modifications while in transit away from the source region. An air mass is often defined as a widespread body of air that is approximately homogeneous in its horizontal extent, particularly with reference to temperature and moisture distribution; in addition, the vertical temperature and moisture variations are approximately the same over its horizontal extent.


lexentry: eng/airport__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airport
trans_list: aéroport
sense:
An airfield (an area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft), including one or more runways and (for commercial airports) one or more passenger terminals.


lexentry: eng/airport_lounge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airport lounge
trans_list: salon d'aéroport
sense:
A dedicated area in an airport which offers, for selected passengers, comforts beyond those afforded in the main parts of the airport.


lexentry: eng/airshaft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airshaft
trans_list: canal d'évacuation
sense:
(architecture) A vertical (or near vertical) opening (shaft) running from a courtyard to the sky, thus allowing air to circulate to high-rise apartments or offices.


lexentry: eng/airspace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airspace
trans_list: espace aérien
sense:
(politics, aviation) A specified portion of the atmosphere, especially that under the technical aviation control and/or jurisdiction of a particular state over which territory (and territorial waters) it lies.


lexentry: eng/ajvar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ajvar
trans_list: ajvar
sense:
relish made principally out of red bell peppers, sometimes with eggplant, garlic and chili pepper, predominantly popular in the Western Balkans


lexentry: eng/akanbe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: akanbe
trans_list: mon œil
sense:
A Japanese gesture of pulling down one's eyelid and sticking out one's tongue, used to taunt people.


lexentry: eng/akanye__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: akanye
trans_list: akanie
sense:
(phonology) A case of vowel reduction in Slavic languages; the merger of pretonic non-high vowel phonemes (/o/, /e/ and /a/).


lexentry: eng/akin__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: akin
trans_list: analogue | apparenté
sense:
(often, followed by to) Allied by nature; similar; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind.


lexentry: eng/alanine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alanine
trans_list: alanine
sense:
(amino acid, uncountable) A nonessential amino acid 2-aminopropanoic acid found in most animal proteins


lexentry: eng/alarm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alarm
trans_list: alarme
sense:
Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warning sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.


lexentry: eng/alarm__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: alarm
trans_list: alarme
sense:
Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.


lexentry: eng/alarm__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alarm
trans_list: alarmer
sense:
(transitive) To give (someone) notice of approaching danger, or necessary action; to rouse to vigilance; to put on the alert.


lexentry: eng/alarm__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alarm
trans_list: alarmer
sense:
(transitive) To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear.


lexentry: eng/alaunt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alaunt
trans_list: alains
sense:
A domesticated dog of an extinct breed related to the modern bulldog and mastiff, or modern breeds created in imitation of it.


lexentry: eng/alb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alb
trans_list: aube
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism) A long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.


lexentry: eng/albatross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albatross
trans_list: albatros
sense:
Any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.


lexentry: eng/albatross_around_one's_neck__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albatross around one's neck
trans_list: poids
sense:
(idiomatic, figurative) A characteristic, possession, associate, or previous deed that hinders one's ability to succeed.


lexentry: eng/albedo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albedo
trans_list: albédo
sense:
(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage.


lexentry: eng/albedo__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: albedo
trans_list: albédo | ziste
sense:
(botany) The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith.


lexentry: eng/albinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albinism
trans_list: albinisme
sense:
Congenital lack of melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); the condition of being albino.


lexentry: eng/albino__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albino
trans_list: albinos
sense:
Congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); born with albinism.


lexentry: eng/albino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albino
trans_list: albinos
sense:
(countable) A person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one born with albinism.


lexentry: eng/albumin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albumin
trans_list: albumine
sense:
(protein) Any of a class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.


lexentry: eng/alchemy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alchemy
trans_list: alchimie
sense:
(uncountable) The premodern and early modern study of physical changes, particularly in Europe, Arabia, and China; and chiefly in pursuit of an elixir of immortality, a universal panacea, and/or a philosopher's stone able to transmute base metals into gold, eventually developing into chemistry.


lexentry: eng/alcid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcid
trans_list: alcidé | alque
sense:
(ornithology) A bird of the family Alcidae, including auks, auklets, razorbills, dovekies, guillemots, and puffins.


lexentry: eng/alcohol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcohol
trans_list: alcool
sense:
(organic compound, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).


lexentry: eng/alcoholism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcoholism
trans_list: alcoolisme
sense:
A chronic disease caused by compulsive and uncontrollable consumption of alcoholic beverages, leading to addiction and deterioration in health and social functioning.


lexentry: eng/alcoholize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcoholize
trans_list: alcooliser
sense:
To convert into alcohol by fermentation, or to increase the concentration of alcohol by rectification


lexentry: eng/alcohology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcohology
trans_list: alcoologie
sense:
(sociology) The study of the effects of alcohol; on living organisms, people or social environments.


lexentry: eng/aldehyde__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aldehyde
trans_list: aldéhyde
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.


lexentry: eng/alder_buckthorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alder buckthorn
trans_list: bourdaine
sense:
A deciduous shrub, Frangula alnus, native to Europe and neighboring areas of Asia and Africa, bearing glossy leaves, flowers in sessile umbels, and inedible red berries that turn black when ripe, and historically used as a laxative and to produce dyes.


lexentry: eng/aldolase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aldolase
trans_list: aldolase
sense:
(enzyme) An enzyme, present in some tissue, that catalyses the conversion of phosphates of fructose to those of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone


lexentry: eng/aldosterone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aldosterone
trans_list: aldostérone
sense:
(steroid hormone) A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.


lexentry: eng/alembic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alembic
trans_list: alambic
sense:
An early chemical apparatus, consisting of two retorts connected by a tube, used to purify substances by distillation.


lexentry: eng/aleph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aleph
trans_list: aleph | alef
sense:
The first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, and its descendants in descended Semitic scripts, such as Phoenician ⁧[[Ф#Phoenician|Ф]⁩ (ʾ, ʾaleph), Aramaic ⁧[[С#Aramaic|С]⁩ (ʾ), Classical Syriac ⁧ܐ⁩ ('ālaph), Hebrew ⁧א⁩ (aleph) and Arabic ⁧ا⁩ (ʾalif).


lexentry: eng/alethic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alethic
trans_list: aléthique
sense:
(logic) Of or pertaining to the various modalities of truth, such as the possibility or impossibility of something being true.


lexentry: eng/aleurone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aleurone
trans_list: aleurone
sense:
(protein) The protein content of the embryo, endosperm, or perisperm of cereals, in the form of minute particles.


lexentry: eng/alexandrine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexandrine
trans_list: alexandrin
sense:
(poetry) A line of poetic meter having twelve syllables, usually divided into two or three equal parts.


lexentry: eng/alexandrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexandrite
trans_list: alexandrite
sense:
(mineral) A form of chrysoberyl that displays a colour change dependent upon the light source, along with strong pleochroism.


lexentry: eng/alexia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexia
trans_list: alexie
sense:
(psychiatry) Word blindness, the inability, due to a cerebral disorder, to comprehend or understand writing.


lexentry: eng/alexin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexin
trans_list: alexine
sense:
(biochemistry, dated) A protective substance that exists in the serum or other bodily fluid and is capable of killing microorganisms; complement.


lexentry: eng/alexipharmac__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexipharmac
trans_list: alexipharmaque
sense:
(pharmacology, chiefly, archaic, or, historical) Of or pertaining to an alexipharmac; also, acting as an alexipharmac by protecting against or warding off the ill effects of a harmful substance, especially a poison or venom; alexipharmic.


lexentry: eng/alexipharmac__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexipharmac
trans_list: alexipharmaque
sense:
(pharmacology, chiefly, archaic, or, historical) A medical remedy for protecting the body, or an antidote, against a harmful substance, especially a poison or venom (specifically, that of a snake); an alexipharmic, an antidote.


lexentry: eng/alga__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alga
trans_list: algue
sense:
(biology) Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic.


lexentry: eng/algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebra
trans_list: algèbre
sense:
(uncountable, mathematics) Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations.


lexentry: eng/algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: algebra
trans_list: algèbre
sense:
(uncountable, medicine, historical, rare) The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable) : a dislocation or fracture.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: algebraic
trans_list: algébrique
sense:
(mathematics, of an expression, equation, or function) Containing only numbers, letters, and arithmetic operators.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: algebraic
trans_list: algébrique
sense:
(algebra, number theory, of a number) Which is a root of some polynomial whose coefficients are rational.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: algebraic
trans_list: algébrique
sense:
(chess, of notation) Describing squares by file (referred to in intrinsic order rather than by the piece starting on that file) and rank, both with reference to a fixed point rather than a player-dependent perspective.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: algebraic analysis
trans_list: analyse algébrique
sense:
(algebraic geometry, algebraic topology) The study of systems of linear partial differential equations, using techniques from sheaf theory and complex analysis to examine functions and certain generalisations of functions (such as hyperfunctions and microfunctions).


lexentry: eng/algebraic_combinatorics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic combinatorics
trans_list: combinatoire algébrique
sense:
(algebra, combinatorics) A branch of mathematics in which techniques from abstract algebra are applied to problems in combinatorics, and vice versa.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_equation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic equation
trans_list: équation algébrique
sense:
(algebra) A mathematical equation in which one or both sides is an algebraic expression, such as 2x + 7y = 3.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic function
trans_list: fonction algébrique
sense:
(algebraic geometry) Informally, any function expressible using (only) the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and raising to a rational power; more precisely, any continuous function definable as the root of some polynomial equation.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic geometry
trans_list: géométrie algébrique
sense:
(mathematics) A branch of mathematics that studies algebraic varieties (solution sets of polynomial equations) and their generalisations, using techniques from both algebra (chiefly commutative algebra) and geometry.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_graph_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic graph theory
trans_list: théorie algébrique des graphes
sense:
(uncountable, mathematics, graph theory) The subbranch of graph theory in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_integer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic integer
trans_list: entier algébrique
sense:
(algebra, number theory) A real or complex number (more generally, an element of a number field) which is a root of a monic polynomial whose coefficients are integers; equivalently, an algebraic number whose minimal polynomial (lowest-degree polynomial of which it is a root and whose leading coefficient is 1) has integer coefficients.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_structure__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: algebraic structure
trans_list: structure algébrique
sense:
(more formally) A mathematical object comprising a carrier set (aka underlying set or domain), an optional scalar set, a set of operations (typically binary operations, but otherwise each of finite arity) and a set of identities (axioms) which the operations must satisfy.


lexentry: eng/algebraically_closed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraically closed
trans_list: algébriquement clos
sense:
(algebra, field theory, of a field) Which contains as an element every root of every nonconstant univariate polynomial definable over it (i.e., over said field).


lexentry: eng/algid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algid
trans_list: algide | froid
sense:
(medicine) Cold, chilly; used of low body temperature especially in connection with certain diseases such as malaria and cholera.


lexentry: eng/algin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algin
trans_list: algine
sense:
Any of various gelatinous gums, derivatives of alginic acid, derived from marine brown algae and used especially as emulsifiers or thickeners.


lexentry: eng/algolagnia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algolagnia
trans_list: algolagnie
sense:
A physical condition that causes a person to gain sexual pleasure by suffering pain, particularly to erogenous zones.


lexentry: eng/algorithm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algorithm
trans_list: algorithme | algorithmique
sense:
(countable) A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps.


lexentry: eng/algorithm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: algorithm
trans_list: algorithme | algorithmique
sense:
(loosely) A flowchart illustrating a decision-making process for human users, especially health care professionals.


lexentry: eng/algorithmics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algorithmics
trans_list: algorithmique
sense:
(mathematics, computing) The subdiscipline of informatics or computer science that studies algorithms.


lexentry: eng/alias__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alias
trans_list: alias
sense:
(legal) Used to connect the different names of a person who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful


lexentry: eng/aliasing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aliasing
trans_list: crénelage | repliement de spectre
sense:
(signal processing, graphics, sound recording) Distortion caused by a low sampling rate, such as a moiré effect or jaggies.


lexentry: eng/alibi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alibi
trans_list: alibi
sense:
(legal) The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed.


lexentry: eng/alien__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alien
trans_list: étranger
sense:
Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.


lexentry: eng/alien__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alien
trans_list: étranger | étrangère
sense:
A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.


lexentry: eng/alienate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alienate
trans_list: aliéner
sense:
To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.


lexentry: eng/alight__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alight
trans_list: atterrir
sense:
(also, figuratively) Often followed by at, on, or upon: of something aloft: to descend and settle; to land, to lodge, to rest.


lexentry: eng/alight__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alight
trans_list: descendre
sense:
Often followed by from or off: to get off an animal which one has been riding; to dismount; to descend or exit from a vehicle; hence, to complete one's journey; to stop.


lexentry: eng/align__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: align
trans_list: aligner
sense:
(transitive, bioinformatics) To organize a linear arrangement of DNA, RNA, or protein sequences which have regions of similarity.


lexentry: eng/alignment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alignment
trans_list: ajustage
sense:
The process of adjusting a mechanism such that its parts are aligned; the condition of having its parts so adjusted.


lexentry: eng/alignment__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: alignment
trans_list: itinéraire linéaire
sense:
(transport) The precise route or course taken by a linear way (road, railway, footpath, etc.) between two points.


lexentry: eng/alignment__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: alignment
trans_list: alignement
sense:
(bioinformatics) A way of arranging DNA, RNA or protein sequences in order to identify regions of similarity.


lexentry: eng/aligot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aligot
trans_list: aligot
sense:
A dish traditionally made in the south of Auvergne from melted Tomme cheese blended into mashed potatoes, often with garlic.


lexentry: eng/alimony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alimony
trans_list: pension alimentaire
sense:
(legal, sometimes, pejorative) A court-mandated allowance made to a former spouse by a divorced or legally separated person.


lexentry: eng/aliphatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aliphatic
trans_list: aliphatique
sense:
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.


lexentry: eng/alive_and_kicking__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alive and kicking
trans_list: bien en vie | en pleine forme | sain et sauf | vif
sense:
(idiomatic) Healthy; vital; in good health, particularly in opposition to unfavorable circumstances.


lexentry: eng/alizarin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alizarin
trans_list: alizarine
sense:
(organic compound) A red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, extracted from madder root and used as a dye.


lexentry: eng/alkali__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkali
trans_list: alcali
sense:
(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.


lexentry: eng/alkali_metal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkali metal
trans_list: métal alcalin
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the soft, light, reactive metals of Group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.


lexentry: eng/alkaline_earth_metal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkaline earth metal
trans_list: métal alcalino-terreux
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the elements of group II of the periodic table; they are low-density metals that react readily with water to form strongly basic hydroxides, and with many acids to form salts.


lexentry: eng/alkaloid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkaloid
trans_list: alcaloïde
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.


lexentry: eng/alkanet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alkanet
trans_list: orcanette | orcanette des teinturiers
sense:
The dyeing matter extracted from the roots of the plant with water or oil, used for cotton especially but also silk and wool, giving a deep red colour.


lexentry: eng/alkene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkene
trans_list: alcène
sense:
(organic compound) An unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds.


lexentry: eng/alkyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkyl
trans_list: alkyle
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons.


lexentry: eng/alkylation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkylation
trans_list: alkylation
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which an alkyl group is added to a molecule; used in the production of high-octane petroleum fuels.


lexentry: eng/all-points_bulletin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all-points bulletin
trans_list: avis de recherche
sense:
(law enforcement) A broadcast issued from one law enforcement agency to another, typically containing information about a wanted suspect or a person of interest.


lexentry: eng/all-rounder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all-rounder
trans_list: factotum
sense:
(chiefly, British) A versatile person, able to do many things well; used especially in reference to being good at various sports. [from 1875]


lexentry: eng/all-weather_tire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all-weather tire
trans_list: pneu toute-condition | pneu toute-météo
sense:
(automotive, American spelling, Canadian spelling) A tire with rubber that remains soft in below-freezing conditions, but gives longer tread life in warm conditions than winter tires


lexentry: eng/all-wheel_drive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all-wheel drive
trans_list: 4x4
sense:
A wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously, particularly where power is directed to the wheels with the best contact with the ground.


lexentry: eng/all-you-can-eat__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all-you-can-eat
trans_list: à volonté
sense:
(literally) Offering unlimited food to a diner at a restaurant for a fixed price for as long as he or she continues to eat.


lexentry: eng/all__Determiner__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all
trans_list: tout | tous | toutes | toute
sense:
Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun or noun phrase denoting the class must be plural or uncountable).


lexentry: eng/all_cats_are_grey_in_the_dark__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all cats are grey in the dark
trans_list: la nuit, tous les chats sont gris | dans la nuit, tous les chats sont gris
sense:
(UK, sometimes, _, vulgar, _, &, _) Sex is enjoyable regardless of the physical attractiveness or social station of one's partner.


lexentry: eng/all_rights_reserved__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all rights reserved
trans_list: tous droits réservés
sense:
(idiomatic, legal) The copyright holder of a creative work reserves all copyright-related rights, typically including the right to publish the work, to make derivative works of it, to distribute it, to make profit from it, to license a number of these rights to other people, and to forbid these uses by any unauthorized people, thus being entitled to take legal action against infringement.


lexentry: eng/all_that_glitters_is_not_gold__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all that glitters is not gold
trans_list: tout ce qui brille n’est pas or
sense:
Things that appear valuable or worthwhile might not actually be so; things that look nice might not be as good as they look.


lexentry: eng/all_that_jazz__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (informal, idiom) Everything else related to something; other similar things.
written_rep: all that jazz
trans_list:
et tout et tout | et tout le bataclan | et tout le saint-frusquin | et tout le tintouin | et tout le tralala | et tout le tremblement


lexentry: eng/all_the_more__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all the more
trans_list: d'autant plus
sense:
Even more; notably, but even more notably due to additional information, either preceding or following the statement.


lexentry: eng/allantiasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allantiasis
trans_list: botulisme
sense:
(disease, archaic) Food poisoning (especially botulism) as a result of eating poorly cooked sausages.


lexentry: eng/allantoic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allantoic acid
trans_list: acide allantoïque
sense:
(organic compound) An amidocarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis(carbamoylamino)acetic acid, derived from allantoin


lexentry: eng/allantoin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allantoin
trans_list: allantoïne
sense:
(biochemistry) A diureide of glyoxylic acid, used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products; or a derivative of this compound


lexentry: eng/allantois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allantois
trans_list: allantoïde
sense:
(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.


lexentry: eng/allative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allative case
trans_list: allatif
sense:
(grammatical case) A case used to indicate movement onto, or to the adjacency of something. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions to or onto, as in "to the house," "onto the house." Languages that use the allative case include Basque, Dyirbal, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, and Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/allegory__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: allegory
trans_list: allégorie
sense:
A symbolic representation which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, usually a moral or political one.


lexentry: eng/allegory__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: allegory
trans_list: allégorie
sense:
(mathematics, category theory) A category that retains some of the structure of the category of binary relations between sets, representing a high-level generalisation of that category.


lexentry: eng/allele__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allele
trans_list: allèle
sense:
(genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.


lexentry: eng/allergy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allergy
trans_list: allergie
sense:
(pathology, immunology) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma.


lexentry: eng/alley__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alley
trans_list: ruelle | allée | venelle
sense:
A narrow street or passageway, especially one through the middle of a block giving access to the rear of lots of buildings.


lexentry: eng/alley_oop__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alley oop
trans_list: allez-hop
sense:
Encouraging or calling attention to a physical performance, especially one involving an upwards lift or leap.


lexentry: eng/alliance__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alliance
trans_list: alliance
sense:
(countable) A union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league.


lexentry: eng/alliance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: alliance
trans_list: alliance
sense:
(countable) Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.


lexentry: eng/allied_health__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allied health
trans_list: paramédical
sense:
The range of health care services outside the scope of the medicine, dentistry and nursing professions, e.g. music therapy, physiotherapy, optometry, etc.


lexentry: eng/alligator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alligator
trans_list: alligator | caïman
sense:
Either of two species of large amphibious reptile, Alligator mississippiensis or Alligator sinensis, in the genus Alligator within order Crocodilia, which have sharp teeth and very strong jaws and are native to the Americas and China, respectively.


lexentry: eng/alligator_clip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alligator clip
trans_list: pince crocodile
sense:
(electronics) A spring-loaded metal clip, usually attached to a wire and used to make temporary electrical connections.


lexentry: eng/alliteration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alliteration
trans_list: allitération
sense:
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals.


lexentry: eng/allocortex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allocortex
trans_list: allocortex
sense:
(anatomy) The heterogenetic cortex; part of the cerebral cortex characterized by fewer cell layers than the neocortex (i.e. fewer than six)


lexentry: eng/allodium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allodium
trans_list: alleu
sense:
(dated, or, historical) Freehold land or property; land held in allodial tenure, or one's title to such land.


lexentry: eng/allogamy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allogamy
trans_list: allogamie
sense:
(biology) The fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another; cross-fertilization


lexentry: eng/allogenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allogenism
trans_list: allogénisme
sense:
(linguistics, rare) A pseudo-loan, or sometimes specifically a lexical construction (term or phrase) made using elements from another language, but which does not exist in that language.


lexentry: eng/allonge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allonge
trans_list: allonge
sense:
(legal, banking) A slip of paper attached to a negotiable instrument to hold endorsements should the document itself be unable to hold any more.


lexentry: eng/allophilia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allophilia
trans_list: allophilie
sense:
The quality of having positive intergroup attitudes, i.e., positive attitudes towards outgroup members, those with characteristics different from one's own, such as people of different races, religions, cultures, etc.


lexentry: eng/allophone__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allophone
trans_list: allophone
sense:
(Canada) Of or relating to those whose mother tongue is neither English, French, nor (sometimes) an indigenous language of Canada.


lexentry: eng/allophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: allophone
trans_list: allophone
sense:
(Quebec) A person whose mother tongue is neither English, French, nor (sometimes) an indigenous language.


lexentry: eng/allopurinol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allopurinol
trans_list: allopurinol
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic drug which inhibits uric acid formation, used to treat gout and related conditions.


lexentry: eng/allostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allostasis
trans_list: allostasie
sense:
The process of achieving stability, or homeostasis, in the body, through physiological or behavioral change.


lexentry: eng/allotrope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allotrope
trans_list: allotrope
sense:
(chemistry) Any form of an element that has a distinctly different molecular structure to another form of the same element, with different physical properties and often different chemical properties. [from 1847]


lexentry: eng/allotropy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allotropy
trans_list: allotropie
sense:
(chemistry) A property, exhibited by some elements, of existing in multiple forms with different atomic structures.


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: allowance
trans_list: indemnité
sense:
An amount, portion, or share that is allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: allowance
trans_list: jeu
sense:
(engineering) A planned deviation between an exact dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension.


lexentry: eng/alloxan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alloxan
trans_list: alloxane
sense:
(biochemistry) An oxidation product of uric acid, 2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-pyrimidinetetrone, capable of inducing diabetes by destroying pancreatic tissue


lexentry: eng/alloy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alloy
trans_list: alliage
sense:
A metal that is a combination of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, a base metal.


lexentry: eng/allspice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allspice
trans_list: quatre-épices | tout-épice | piment de la jamaïque
sense:
(uncountable) A spice; the dried and ground unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, thought to combine the flavours of several spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves.


lexentry: eng/allusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allusion
trans_list: allusion
sense:
An indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned.


lexentry: eng/alluvium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alluvium
trans_list: alluvion
sense:
soil, clay, silt or gravel deposited by flowing water, as it slows, in a river bed, delta, estuary or flood plain


lexentry: eng/ally__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ally
trans_list: allié
sense:
A person who, or organization which, supports a demographic group subject to discrimination and/or misrepresentation but is not a member of the group; specifically (LGBT) , a person who is not a member of the LGBT+ community but is supportive of it.


lexentry: eng/ally__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ally
trans_list: allié | alliée
sense:
A person, group, state, etc., which is associated or united by treaty with another for a common (especially military or political) purpose; a confederate.


lexentry: eng/ally__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ally
trans_list: allié
sense:
(figuratively) A person, group, concept, etc., which is associated with another as a helper; an auxiliary; a supporter.


lexentry: eng/ally__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ally
trans_list: allier
sense:
To unite or form a connection between (people or things), as between families by marriage, or between states by confederacy, league, or treaty.


lexentry: eng/allyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allyl
trans_list: allyle
sense:
(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical, CH2=CH-CH2-, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard.


lexentry: eng/almah__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almah
trans_list: almée
sense:
An Egyptian singer or dancing-girl used for entertainment; a dancing-girl, a prostitute. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/almanac__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almanac
trans_list: almanach | annuaire
sense:
(astronomy, navigation) A book or table listing nautical, astronomical, astrological or other events for the year; sometimes, but not essentially, containing historical and statistical information.


lexentry: eng/almandine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almandine
trans_list: almandin
sense:
(mineral) A type of garnet having a deep red color, inclining to purple, with the chemical formula Fe3Al2(SiO4)3.


lexentry: eng/almond_paste__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almond paste
trans_list: pâte d'amande
sense:
A type of confection made from ground almonds and sugar in equal quantities, bound with some syrup or other similar substance in order to form a paste.


lexentry: eng/alocasia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alocasia
trans_list: alocasia
sense:
Any of several tropical Asian plants, of the genus Alocasia, having heart- or arrowhead-shaped leaves.


lexentry: eng/aloe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aloe
trans_list: aloès
sense:
(in the plural) The resins of the tree Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha), known for their fragrant aroma, produced after infection by the fungus Phialophora parasitica.


lexentry: eng/aloe_vera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aloe vera
trans_list: aloé véra
sense:
A plant of the species Aloe vera, grown as an ornamental, thought to have medicinal value; an extract, often a gel, made from the plant.


lexentry: eng/alogia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alogia
trans_list: alogie
sense:
A general lack of additional, unprompted content in normal speech, a common symptom of schizophrenia.


lexentry: eng/alopecia__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alopecia
trans_list: alopécie
sense:
(medicine) Loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers, whether natural or caused by disease.


lexentry: eng/alpaca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpaca
trans_list: alpaga
sense:
A sheep-like domesticated animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña.


lexentry: eng/alpha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpha
trans_list: alpha
sense:
The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A.


lexentry: eng/alpha_particle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpha particle
trans_list: particule alpha | particule α
sense:
(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity; α-particle


lexentry: eng/alphabet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alphabet
trans_list: alphabet
sense:
A writing system in which letters represent phonemes. (Contrast e.g. logography, a writing system in which each character represents a word, and syllabary, in which each character represents a syllable.)


lexentry: eng/alphabet_soup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphabet soup
trans_list: soupe à l'alphabet
sense:
A type of soup that contains noodles in the shape of various alphabetical letters, sometimes also numbers.


lexentry: eng/alphabetical_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphabetical order
trans_list: ordre alphabétique
sense:
The sequence of a collection of items (such as words in a dictionary) arranged in order by position in the alphabet.


lexentry: eng/alphabetize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphabetize
trans_list: alphabétiser
sense:
(US, Canada) To arrange words or items in order of the first (and then subsequent) letters as they occur in the alphabet.


lexentry: eng/alphanumeric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphanumeric
trans_list: alphanumérique
sense:
Consisting of, or limited to, letters and/or numbers, especially the characters A to Z (lowercase and uppercase) and 0 to 9.


lexentry: eng/alphasyllabary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphasyllabary
trans_list: alphasyllabaire
sense:
A segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary; an abugida.


lexentry: eng/alphorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphorn
trans_list: cor des Alpes
sense:
(musical instruments) A long, curved, wooden horn used by mountain-dwelling herders in the Alps, originally to call cattle but now only as musical instrument in classical and folk tunes.


lexentry: eng/alpine_chough__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpine chough
trans_list: chocard à bec jaune
sense:
A species of bird in the crow family (Corvidae) (Pyrrhocorax graculus), that breeds locally in the highest mountains of southern Europe, the Alps, across central Asia and India.


lexentry: eng/alpine_newt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpine newt
trans_list: triton alpestre
sense:
a newt of the salamander order Caudata, Ichthyosaura alpestris, formerly Triturus alpestris and Mesotriton alpestris.


lexentry: eng/alt_key__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alt key
trans_list: touche Alt
sense:
(computing) A key on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used in combination to alter the function of other keys.


lexentry: eng/altar_server__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altar server
trans_list: servant
sense:
(Christianity) A layperson, often a child or adolescent, who assists a member of the clergy during a Christian liturgy, attending to supporting tasks at the altar.


lexentry: eng/altazimuth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altazimuth
trans_list: altazimutal
sense:
A telescope or surveying instrument that has a mount permitting both horizontal and vertical rotation.


lexentry: eng/alter_ego__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alter ego
trans_list: alter ego | un autre moi-même
sense:
(law) A corporation used by a person to conduct personal business in an attempt to shield himself or herself from personal liability, and which a court may penetrate by "piercing the corporate veil" to impose liability on the person when they commit fraud or injustice.


lexentry: eng/alternate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alternate
trans_list: alternatif | alternative
sense:
(mathematics) Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second.


lexentry: eng/alternate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternate
trans_list: alterner
sense:
(transitive) To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly.


lexentry: eng/alternating_current__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternating current
trans_list: courant alternatif
sense:
(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.


lexentry: eng/alternation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternation
trans_list: alternance
sense:
The reciprocal succession of (normally two) things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence


lexentry: eng/alternative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative
trans_list: alternative
sense:
A situation which allows a mutually exclusive choice between two or more possibilities; a choice between two or more possibilities. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/alternative_country__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative country
trans_list: country alternative
sense:
A kind of indie country music meshing traditional forms of country music with diverse musical styles like folk, pop, punk and heavy metal.


lexentry: eng/alternative_dispute_resolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative dispute resolution
trans_list: mode alternatif de résolution des conflits
sense:
(legal) The resolution of a dispute through negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or similar means, as opposed to litigation.


lexentry: eng/alternative_fact__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alternative fact
trans_list: fait alternatif
sense:
(politics, media) Something presented as a fact for reasons of political expediency; a fiction, a falsehood, a lie. [since the late 2010s]


lexentry: eng/alternative_investment_fund__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative investment fund
trans_list: fonds d'investissement alternatif
sense:
(finance) collective investment scheme investing in all asset classes and a wide range of financial instruments


lexentry: eng/alternative_medicine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative medicine
trans_list: médecine alternative | médecine non conventionnelle
sense:
Any of various medical methods and practices used in place of, or as well as, conventional medicine.


lexentry: eng/alternative_rock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative rock
trans_list: rock alternatif
sense:
(music genre) A genre of rock music that is normally published on independent labels, comprising of many different subgenres, mostly distinguished by the prevalence of thick and distorted guitar music.


lexentry: eng/alternator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternator
trans_list: alternateur
sense:
(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.


lexentry: eng/although__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: although
trans_list: quoique | bien que | encore que | combien que | nonobstant que | tandis que
sense:
Though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession.


lexentry: eng/altitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: altitude
trans_list: altitude | hauteur
sense:
(geometry) The distance measured perpendicularly from a figure's vertex to the opposite side of the vertex.


lexentry: eng/altitude_sickness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altitude sickness
trans_list: mal d'altitude | mal des montagnes
sense:
(medicine) A pathological condition caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitudes; symptoms include shortness of breath, nausea, and nosebleed.


lexentry: eng/alto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alto
trans_list: alto
sense:
A musical part or section higher than tenor and lower than soprano, formerly the part that performed a countermelody above the tenor or main melody.


lexentry: eng/alto_saxophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alto saxophone
trans_list: saxophone alto
sense:
A member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments that is smaller than the tenor saxophone but larger than the soprano saxophone, with a range of D♭3 to A♭5 or similar.


lexentry: eng/altocumulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altocumulus
trans_list: altocumulus
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or greyish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows. (Abbreviated Ac.)


lexentry: eng/altostratus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altostratus
trans_list: altostratus
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A principal medium-level cloud type in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance.


lexentry: eng/altruism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altruism
trans_list: altruisme
sense:
Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness.


lexentry: eng/altruism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: altruism
trans_list: altruisme
sense:
(biology, sociobiology) Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.


lexentry: eng/alum__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alum
trans_list: alun
sense:
(chemistry) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/alumina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alumina
trans_list: alumine
sense:
Aluminum oxide, especially when used in mining, material sciences or ceramics, a refractory solid compound.


lexentry: eng/aluminium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aluminium
trans_list: aluminium
sense:
A light, silvery metal extracted from bauxite, and a chemical element (symbol Al) with an atomic number of 13.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_foil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aluminium foil
trans_list: papier d'aluminium | papier d’alu
sense:
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A very thin, pliable, easily torn sheet of aluminium used for cooking, packaging, cosmetics, and insulation.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_oxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aluminium oxide
trans_list: alumine | oxyde d'aluminium
sense:
(inorganic compound) The solid, Al2O3, commonly known as alumina; it occurs as bauxite, sapphire, ruby and other forms; it is used in the manufacture of ceramics


lexentry: eng/alunite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alunite
trans_list: alunite
sense:
(mineral) A gray whitish, water-soluble mineral, potassium aluminium sulphate; the natural source of alum, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6.


lexentry: eng/alveolar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alveolar
trans_list: alvéolaire
sense:
(phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth.


lexentry: eng/alveolar_ridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alveolar ridge
trans_list: crête alvéolaire
sense:
(anatomy) A ridge that forms the borders of the maxilla and the mandible and contains the alveoli of the teeth.


lexentry: eng/alveolus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alveolus
trans_list: alvéoles pulmonaires | alvéole
sense:
(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.


lexentry: eng/always__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: always
trans_list: toujours
sense:
Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).


lexentry: eng/alyssum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alyssum
trans_list: alysse
sense:
Any of several plants, of the genus Alyssum, mostly of Eurasian origin, that have racemes of white or yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/amadou__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amadou
trans_list: amadou
sense:
A spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi, formerly used as a styptic and as tinder.


lexentry: eng/amalgamation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amalgamation
trans_list: amalgamation
sense:
(specifically) The production of an alloy of mercury and another metal, especially used in antiquity to extract gold and silver from ores.


lexentry: eng/amaretto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amaretto
trans_list: amaretto
sense:
(uncountable, countable) A sweet-bitter liqueur originating from Italy (but also produced in Turkey), flavored with almonds and a secret blend-specific mix of some 200 ingredients such as the pits from apricots, peaches, cherries or other stone fruits.


lexentry: eng/amateur__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amateur
trans_list: amateur | amatrice
sense:
A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or attachment without engaging in it professionally.


lexentry: eng/amateur_radio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amateur radio
trans_list: CB
sense:
The hobby or pastime of communicating by two-way radio, often striving for “DX” QSOs that are challenging because of distance.


lexentry: eng/amateurish__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amateurish
trans_list: amateur
sense:
(pejorative) Suggesting or reflecting the efforts of an amateur; not seeming professional or polished.


lexentry: eng/amatonormativity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amatonormativity
trans_list: amatonormativité
sense:
(neologism) The assumption that all human beings pursue love or romance, especially by means of a monogamous long-term relationship.


lexentry: eng/amaurosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amaurosis
trans_list: amaurose
sense:
Any form of blindness that is accompanied by no obvious change to the eye; often the result of disease of the optic nerve.


lexentry: eng/amazed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amazed
trans_list: abasourdi | stupéfié
sense:
Astonished or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder; greatly surprised (often with ensuing adpositions e.g. at, with, or by).


lexentry: eng/amazement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amazement
trans_list: stupéfaction | stupeur
sense:
(uncountable) The condition of being amazed; a state of overwhelming wonder, as from surprise or sudden fear, horror, or admiration; astonishment.


lexentry: eng/amban__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amban
trans_list: amban
sense:
(now, _, historical) A Chinese official under the Qing Dynasty, especially the ranking official or provincial governor in a semi-independent territory under Chinese rule.


lexentry: eng/ambassador__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambassador
trans_list: ambassadeur | ambassadrice
sense:
A minister of the highest rank sent to a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country. (Sometimes called ambassador-in-residence)


lexentry: eng/amber__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amber
trans_list: ambre | ambre jaune
sense:
A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/amber__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: amber
trans_list: feu orange
sense:
(British) The intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights, which when illuminated indicates that drivers should stop short of the intersection when safe to do so. See also yellow light.


lexentry: eng/ambergris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambergris
trans_list: ambre gris
sense:
A solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color, produced in the intestines of the sperm whale. It is used in perfumes.


lexentry: eng/ambigram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambigram
trans_list: ambigramme
sense:
A calligraphic design that may be read as the same word or phrase (or sometimes different words or phrases) when oriented in two different ways, usually when reflected along a vertical or horizontal axis or when rotated through 180 degrees.


lexentry: eng/ambiguity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambiguity
trans_list: ambiguïté | ambigüité
sense:
(countable) words or statements that are open to more than one interpretation, explanation or meaning, especially if that meaning cannot be determined from its context.


lexentry: eng/ambition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambition
trans_list: ambition
sense:
(uncountable, countable) Eager or inordinate desire for some object that confers distinction, as preferment, honor, superiority, political power, or fame; desire to distinguish one's self from other people.


lexentry: eng/ambition__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: ambition
trans_list: ambition
sense:
(obsolete) The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing.


lexentry: eng/ambitious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambitious
trans_list: ambitieux
sense:
(of a person or their character) Having or showing ambition; wanting a lot of power, honor, respect, superiority, or other distinction.


lexentry: eng/ambivalence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambivalence
trans_list: ambivalence
sense:
The coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings (such as love and hate) towards a person, object or idea.


lexentry: eng/ambivalent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambivalent
trans_list: ambivalent
sense:
Simultaneously experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings, beliefs, or motivations.


lexentry: eng/ambiversion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambiversion
trans_list: ambiversion
sense:
(psychology) A personality trait having balanced characteristics of both extroversion and introversion.


lexentry: eng/ambivert__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambivert
trans_list: ambiverti
sense:
(psychology) A person who is neither clearly extroverted nor introverted, but has characteristics of each.


lexentry: eng/amblyopia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amblyopia
trans_list: amblyopie
sense:
Dimness or blurring of the eyesight due to a fault in transmission of signals to the brain from an otherwise healthy eye.


lexentry: eng/ambo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambo
trans_list: ambon
sense:
A raised platform in an early Christian church, as well as in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches.


lexentry: eng/ambrosia__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: ambrosia
trans_list: ambroisie
sense:
Any fungus of a number of species that insects such as ambrosia beetles carry as symbionts, "farming" them on poor-quality food such as wood, where they grow, providing food for the insect.


lexentry: eng/ambrosin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambrosin
trans_list: ambrosin
sense:
(numismatics) An early coin struck by the dukes of Milan, and bearing the effigy of St. Ambrose on its horseback.


lexentry: eng/ambulance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambulance
trans_list: ambulance
sense:
An emergency vehicle designed for transporting seriously ill or injured people to a hospital. [1854]


lexentry: eng/amendment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amendment
trans_list: amendement | avenant
sense:
In public bodies, any alteration made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion that adds, changes, substitutes, or omits.


lexentry: eng/amenity__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: amenity
trans_list: équipement
sense:
(cartography) A unit pertaining to the infrastructure of a community, such as a public toilet, a postbox, a library, etc.


lexentry: eng/amensalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amensalism
trans_list: amensalisme
sense:
(ecology) A form of symbiosis in which one species is harmed or impeded and the other is unaffected.


lexentry: eng/ametropia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ametropia
trans_list: amétropie
sense:
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several disorders of the eye (spherical or cylindrical) resulting from faulty refractive ability.


lexentry: eng/amicable_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amicable number
trans_list: nombres amicaux
sense:
(number theory) One of a pair of numbers having the property that the sum of the divisors of each, excluding itself, is equal to the other number.


lexentry: eng/amide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amide
trans_list: amide
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides


lexentry: eng/amide__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amide
trans_list: amidure
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) Any ionic derivative of ammonia in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced with a metal cation (R-NH- or R2N-)


lexentry: eng/aminal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aminal
trans_list: amine
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having two amino functional groups attached to the same carbon atom - R2C(NR2)2


lexentry: eng/amine_oxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amine oxide
trans_list: oxyde d'amine
sense:
(chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound formed by addition of an oxygen atom to an amine - R3N+-O-, but sometimes written R3N=O.


lexentry: eng/amino_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amino acid
trans_list: acide aminé | aminoacide
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group.


lexentry: eng/amino_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amino acid
trans_list: acide aminé | aminoacide
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.


lexentry: eng/aminoacidemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aminoacidemia
trans_list: aminoacidémie
sense:
(medicine) The presence of amino acids in the blood (which is always true); and usually, more specifically, an excess (hyperaminoacidemia).


lexentry: eng/amity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amity
trans_list: amitié
sense:
(formal, literary) Friendship. The cooperative and supportive relationship between people, or animals. In this sense, the term connotes a relationship which involves mutual knowledge, esteem, affection, and respect along with a degree of rendering service to friends in times of need or crisis.


lexentry: eng/ammonia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonia
trans_list: ammoniac | ammoniaque
sense:
(inorganic compound) A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste.


lexentry: eng/ammonite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonite
trans_list: ammonite
sense:
(paleontology) Any of an extinct group of cephalopods of the subclass Ammonoidea; a fossil shell of such an animal.


lexentry: eng/ammonium_chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonium chloride
trans_list: chlorure d'ammonium
sense:
(inorganic compound) A water-soluble salt of ammonia and hydrochloric acid, having the formula NH4Cl.


lexentry: eng/ammonium_nitrate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonium nitrate
trans_list: nitrate d'ammonium
sense:
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of nitric acid, NH4NO3; it is used in fertilizers and explosives (notoriously in improvised explosive devices, though its main importance is as an explosive in its own right and in mixtures such as amatol and ANFO).


lexentry: eng/ammunition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammunition
trans_list: munitions | munition
sense:
Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.


lexentry: eng/amnesty__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amnesty
trans_list: amnistie
sense:
An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.


lexentry: eng/amniocentesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amniocentesis
trans_list: amniocentèse
sense:
(medicine) A procedure for obtaining amniotic fluid from a pregnant animal, by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall and into the amniotic sac. Used in diagnosing possible genetic defects and/or obstetric complications.


lexentry: eng/amnion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amnion
trans_list: amnios
sense:
(anatomy) The innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended.


lexentry: eng/amniote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amniote
trans_list: amniote
sense:
(biology) Any of the Amniota group of vertebrates having an amnion during the development of the embryo; mammals, birds and reptiles.


lexentry: eng/amniotic_fluid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amniotic fluid
trans_list: liquide amniotique
sense:
(zoology) In placental mammals, a fluid contained within the amnion membrane that surrounds a developing embryo or fetus.


lexentry: eng/amoeba__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amoeba
trans_list: amibe
sense:
(biology) A member of the genus Amoeba of unicellular protozoa that moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopodia.


lexentry: eng/amoebiasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amoebiasis
trans_list: amœbose
sense:
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica; amoebic dysentery.


lexentry: eng/amortization__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amortization
trans_list: amortissement
sense:
The distribution of the cost of an intangible asset, such as an intellectual property right, over the projected useful life of the asset.


lexentry: eng/amount__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amount
trans_list: montant | somme
sense:
The total, aggregate or sum of material (not applicable to discrete numbers or units or items in standard English).


lexentry: eng/amount_of_substance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amount of substance
trans_list: quantité de matière
sense:
(chemistry) The number of particles or formula units (depending on type) present of some substance in some sample; SI unit: mole.


lexentry: eng/amoxicillin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amoxicillin
trans_list: amoxicilline
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic beta-lactam antibiotic C16H19N3O5S closely related to ampicillin and with similar properties, but more readily absorbed when taken orally. It is used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.


lexentry: eng/ampelography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ampelography
trans_list: ampélographie
sense:
(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


lexentry: eng/ampere-hour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ampere-hour
trans_list: ampère-heure
sense:
(physics) a unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one hour through a specified point in a circuit, equal to 3600 coulombs.


lexentry: eng/ampere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ampere
trans_list: ampère
sense:
A unit of electrical current, the standard base unit in the International System of Units; colloquially amp. Abbreviation: amp, Symbol: A


lexentry: eng/amphibian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphibian
trans_list: amphibien | batracien
sense:
An animal of the Amphibia; any four-legged vertebrate that does not have amniotic eggs, living both on land and in water.


lexentry: eng/amphibole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphibole
trans_list: amphibole
sense:
(mineral) Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium.


lexentry: eng/amphibrach__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amphibrach
trans_list: amphibraque
sense:
(prosody) A metrical foot in modern prosody, consisting of three syllables, the middle one of which is stressed (e.g. Jamaica).


lexentry: eng/amphictyon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphictyon
trans_list: amphictyon
sense:
(Ancient Greece) One of the deputies from the confederated states of Ancient Greece to a congress or council. They considered both political and religious matters.


lexentry: eng/amphictyony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphictyony
trans_list: amphictyonie
sense:
A religious foundation or co-operative shared between Greek city states during the classical period, typically to support the temple or cult of a deity shared by the city states. Also used academically to refer to similar arrangements in non-Greek cultures.


lexentry: eng/amphiprostyle__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphiprostyle
trans_list: amphiprostyle
sense:
(architecture, chiefly, historical, of a, temple, or, edifice) Having columns at either end but not along the sides.


lexentry: eng/amphisbaena__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphisbaena
trans_list: amphisbène
sense:
(mythological creature) A mythical serpent having a head at each end of its body, able to move in either direction.


lexentry: eng/amphitheatre__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphitheatre
trans_list: amphithéâtre
sense:
An open, outdoor theatre (which may be a theatre in the round, or have a stage with seating on only one side), especially one from the classical period of ancient Greece or Rome, or a modern venue of similar design.


lexentry: eng/amphora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphora
trans_list: amphore
sense:
(chiefly, _, historical) A large vessel, especially a thin-necked clay vat used in ancient Greece and Rome for storing and transporting wine and oil.


lexentry: eng/amphoric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amphoric
trans_list: amphorique
sense:
(medicine) Produced by or indicating a hollow cavity in the lungs, giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter.


lexentry: eng/amphoteric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphoteric
trans_list: amphotère
sense:
(chemistry) Having the characteristics of both an acid and a base, and capable of reacting as either; amphiprotic. [from 1832]


lexentry: eng/amplexus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amplexus
trans_list: amplexe
sense:
A form of pseudocopulation, found chiefly in amphibians and horseshoe crabs, in which a male grasps a female with his front legs as part of the mating process.


lexentry: eng/amplification__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: amplification
trans_list: amplification
sense:
(organic chemistry) A procedure used in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds in which the superatoms of a basic structure (a phane) are replaced by cyclic structures (amplificants).


lexentry: eng/amplifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: amplifier
trans_list: amplificateur
sense:
(electronics) An appliance or circuit that increases the strength of a weak electrical signal without changing the other characteristics of the signal.


lexentry: eng/amplitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amplitude
trans_list: amplitude
sense:
(mathematics) The maximum absolute value of the vertical component of a curve or function, especially one that is periodic.


lexentry: eng/amplitude_modulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amplitude modulation
trans_list: modulation d'amplitude
sense:
(radio) A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the intensity (amplitude) of a carrier wave.


lexentry: eng/ampulla_of_Lorenzini__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ampulla of Lorenzini
trans_list: ampoule de Lorenzini
sense:
An electroreceptor found mainly in cartilaginous fish such as sharks and rays, forming a network of jelly-filled canals.


lexentry: eng/amulet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amulet
trans_list: amulette
sense:
A kind of protective charm or ornament, often bearing magical symbols, worn for protection against ill will, negative influences, or evil spirits.


lexentry: eng/amuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amuse
trans_list: amuser | divertir
sense:
(transitive) To entertain or occupy (someone or something) in a pleasant manner; to stir (an individual) with pleasing emotions.


lexentry: eng/amygdala__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amygdala
trans_list: amygdale cérébrale
sense:
(neuroanatomy) Each one of the two regions of the brain, located as a pair in the medial temporal lobe, believed to play a key role in processing emotions, such as fear and pleasure, in both animals and humans.


lexentry: eng/amygdalin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amygdalin
trans_list: amygdaline
sense:
(biochemistry) A glycoside of benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide found in bitter almonds, and in the kernels of some other fruit.


lexentry: eng/amylase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amylase
trans_list: amylase
sense:
(enzyme) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva and also contributed to the gut by the exocrine pancreas, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.


lexentry: eng/amylose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amylose
trans_list: amylose
sense:
(carbohydrate) The soluble form of starch (the insoluble form being amylopectin) that is a linear polymer of glucose.


lexentry: eng/amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
trans_list: SLA | maladie de Charcot | maladie de Lou Gehrig | sclérose latérale amyotrophique
sense:
(neurology, pathology) A chronic, progressive disease characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system and the loss of voluntary muscle control.


lexentry: eng/an_arm_and_a_leg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: an arm and a leg
trans_list: coûter la peau des fesses | coûter la peau du cul | coûter les yeux de la tête
sense:
(idiomatic, hyperbole) Usually used after the verb cost, but also often charge, pay, and spend: a very high price for an item or service; an exorbitant price


lexentry: eng/an_eye_for_an_eye,_a_tooth_for_a_tooth__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth
trans_list: œil pour œil, dent pour dent
sense:
(idiomatic) compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting of an identical injury on that person.


lexentry: eng/anabiosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anabiosis
trans_list: anabiose
sense:
(biology) A state of suspended animation, especially during extreme drought; the act of recovering from this state.


lexentry: eng/anachronism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anachronism
trans_list: anachronisme
sense:
A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anachronism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anachronism
trans_list: anachronisme
sense:
A person or thing which seems to belong to a different time or period of time. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anachronistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anachronistic
trans_list: anachronique
sense:
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism; in a wrong time; not applicable to or not appropriate for the time.


lexentry: eng/anachronistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anachronistic
trans_list: anachronique
sense:
(of a person) Having opinions from the past; preferring things or values of the past; behind the times; overly conservative.


lexentry: eng/anaconda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaconda
trans_list: anaconda
sense:
Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anadiplosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anadiplosis
trans_list: anadiplose
sense:
(figure of speech) A figure of speech in which a word or phrase used at the end of a clause or expression is repeated near the beginning of the next clause or expression.


lexentry: eng/anaglyph__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anaglyph
trans_list: anaglyphe
sense:
A matched pair of images designed to produce a three-dimensional effect when viewed using spectacles that have usually one red and one bluish-green lens, corresponding to the colors of the pairs of images.


lexentry: eng/anal-retentive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal-retentive
trans_list: parfaitement
sense:
(Freudian, _, psychology) Preoccupied with achieving perfection, order and control and with collecting, possessing, and retaining objects.


lexentry: eng/anal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anal
trans_list: anal
sense:
(psychoanalysis) Of the stage in psychosexual development when the child's interest is alleged to be concentrated on the anal region. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anal_beads__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal beads
trans_list: chapelet thaï
sense:
A sex toy consisting of several small balls attached together in series which are one by one inserted into and removed from the rectum.


lexentry: eng/anal_sex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal sex
trans_list: sexe anal | sodomie
sense:
A sexual activity involving stimulation of a sexual partner's anus or rectum, especially by penetration.


lexentry: eng/analcime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analcime
trans_list: analcime
sense:
(mineral) A sodium aluminosilicate with a chemical formula NaAlSi2O6·H2O, having a zeolite structure, found in alkaline basalts.


lexentry: eng/analemma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analemma
trans_list: analemme
sense:
A figure-eight curve that results when the Sun's position in the sky is plotted out over the year at the same hour of mean solar time every day. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/analepsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analepsis
trans_list: analepse
sense:
A form of flashback in which earlier parts of a narrative are related to others that have already been narrated


lexentry: eng/analgesic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analgesic
trans_list: analgésique
sense:
(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)


lexentry: eng/analog__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analog
trans_list: analogique
sense:
(of a device or system) In which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).


lexentry: eng/analog__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: analog
trans_list: analogue
sense:
(chemistry) A structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties.


lexentry: eng/analog_computer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analog computer
trans_list: calculateur analogique
sense:
(computing) A computer (mechanical, electrical or other) that processes using continuously varying signals rather than digital, quantized, values.


lexentry: eng/analogous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analogous
trans_list: analogue
sense:
Having analogy, the status of an analogue; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or similar proportion (often followed by "to".)


lexentry: eng/analogy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analogy
trans_list: analogie
sense:
A relationship of resemblance or equivalence between two situations, people, or objects, especially when used as a basis for explanation or extrapolation.


lexentry: eng/analphabet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analphabet
trans_list: analphabète
sense:
A person who does not know the letters of the alphabet; a partly or wholly illiterate person. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analysis
trans_list: analyse
sense:
(countable) Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory etc.).


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: analysis
trans_list: analyse
sense:
(uncountable, mathematics) A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside algebra) which developed out of the calculus, concerned with the behavior of functions, sequences, series, limits, metric spaces, measures and more.


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: analysis
trans_list: analyse
sense:
(countable, chemistry) The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.


lexentry: eng/analytic_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analytic geometry
trans_list: géométrie analytique
sense:
(geometry) The subbranch of geometry that investigates geometrical figures via the mathematical properties of their representations in a coordinate system.


lexentry: eng/analyze__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: analyze
trans_list: analyser
sense:
(transitive) To examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance, to analyze a sentence or a word, or to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.


lexentry: eng/anamorphosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anamorphosis
trans_list: anamorphose
sense:
A distorted image of an object that may be viewed correctly from a specific angle or with a specific mirror.


lexentry: eng/anapest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anapest
trans_list: anapeste
sense:
(prosody) In qualitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two unstressed and one stressed.


lexentry: eng/anapest__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anapest
trans_list: anapeste
sense:
(prosody) In quantitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short and one long.


lexentry: eng/anaphase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaphase
trans_list: anaphase
sense:
(cytology) The stage of mitosis and meiosis during which the chromosomes separate; the chromatid moving to opposite poles of the cell.


lexentry: eng/anaphora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaphora
trans_list: anaphore
sense:
(figure of speech) The repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis.


lexentry: eng/anaphylactic_shock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaphylactic shock
trans_list: choc anaphylactique
sense:
A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, constricting the trachea and causing generalized vasodilation.


lexentry: eng/anarchism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarchism
trans_list: anarchisme
sense:
A political and philosophical belief that all forms of involuntary rule or government are undesirable, unnecessary, or unethical, and as such that society would function without a state.


lexentry: eng/anarchist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarchist
trans_list: anarchiste
sense:
One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-capitalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarcho-capitalism
trans_list: anarcho-capitalisme
sense:
(politics, economics) A political and economic philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state and other coercive institutions in favour of individual self-ownership and free market.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-communism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarcho-communism
trans_list: anarcho-communisme
sense:
(politics, economics) A form of anarchism advocating the abolition of the state and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which people would satisfy their needs.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-primitivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarcho-primitivism
trans_list: anarcho-primitivisme
sense:
An anarchist philosophy that criticizes civilization and advocates for a return to primitive ways of life instead of agriculture, industry, and urbanization.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-syndicalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarcho-syndicalism
trans_list: anarcho-syndicalisme
sense:
A branch or field of anarchism that focuses on the abolition of capitalism through the organization of revolutionary worker syndicates.


lexentry: eng/anastomosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: anastomosis
trans_list: anastomose
sense:
(surgery) The surgical creation of a connecting passage between blood vessels, bowels or other channels.


lexentry: eng/anastylosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anastylosis
trans_list: anastylose
sense:
(archaeology) The reassembly of ruined monuments or other artifacts from remaining fragments in an archeologically responsible way (with use of modern materials when needed).


lexentry: eng/anathema__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anathema
trans_list: anathème
sense:
(ecclesiastical, historical) A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, often accompanied by excommunication; something denounced as accursed. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/anatomical_snuffbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anatomical snuffbox
trans_list: tabatière anatomique
sense:
(anatomy) A triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand, bounded by extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.


lexentry: eng/anatomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anatomy
trans_list: anatomie
sense:
The art of studying the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy.


lexentry: eng/anatta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anatta
trans_list: anâtman | anātman
sense:
(Buddhism) The idea that there is no separate self or soul; egolessness. One of the three marks of existence.


lexentry: eng/ancestor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ancestor
trans_list: ancêtre
sense:
One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a forefather.


lexentry: eng/anchor's_aweigh__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anchor's aweigh
trans_list: larguez les amarres
sense:
(nautical) Response to order to weigh anchor when the anchor has been tripped and is no longer attached to the bottom.


lexentry: eng/anchor__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: anchor
trans_list: ancre
sense:
Any instrument serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, such as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a device to hold the end of a bridge cable etc.; or a device used in metalworking to hold the core of a mould in place.


lexentry: eng/anchorman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anchorman
trans_list: ancre
sense:
(television, radio) The main host of a television or radio program, particularly one relating to the broadcast of news.


lexentry: eng/anchovy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anchovy
trans_list: anchois
sense:
Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus Engraulis is widely sold as food.


lexentry: eng/ancient__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ancient
trans_list: ancien
sense:
Existent or occurring in time long past, usually in remote ages; belonging to or associated with antiquity; old, as opposed to modern.


lexentry: eng/ancient__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ancient
trans_list: ancien
sense:
(history) Relating to antiquity as a primarily European historical period; the time before the Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/ancient_astronaut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ancient astronaut
trans_list: ancien astronaute
sense:
Any of the extraterrestrial beings that, according to the pseudoscientific belief of paleocontact, visited Earth in the distant past, influencing human culture, technology, or religion.


lexentry: eng/ancient_grain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ancient grain
trans_list: grain ancien
sense:
A grain or pseudocereal purported to be minimally changed by selective breeding over recent millennia (often used in plural and in the context of marketing)


lexentry: eng/ancient_history__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ancient history
trans_list: Antiquité
sense:
A period of history generally seen as occurring before the Middle Ages, that is, before the fall of the Roman Empire. Includes Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.


lexentry: eng/ancient_monument__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ancient monument
trans_list: monument
sense:
an old or ancient building or other structure, or a site of historical interest that is usually looked after by an official organization.


lexentry: eng/and!slash!or__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and/or
trans_list: et/ou
sense:
Joins two alternatives to mean either or both; indicates that inclusive or is meant where or alone might be taken to mean exclusive or.


lexentry: eng/and__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and
trans_list: et | et puis
sense:
(now, colloquial, or, literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.


lexentry: eng/and__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and
trans_list: et | et puis
sense:
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/and_all__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and all
trans_list: et ainsi de suite | et cætera | et tout | et tout et tout | et tout le reste
sense:
(idiomatic) Including every object, attribute, or process associated with preceding item or series of items.


lexentry: eng/and_all__Phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: and all
trans_list: et tout le tremblement | tout ça
sense:
(idiomatic, informal) Used to suggest certain unstated relevant implications or what has been stated.


lexentry: eng/and_then_some__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and then some
trans_list: c'est rien de le dire | et pas qu'un peu
sense:
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to confirm preceding utterance, while implying that what was said or asked is an understatement


lexentry: eng/andante__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andante
trans_list: andante
sense:
(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played in a moderately slow tempo; faster than adagio but slower than moderato.


lexentry: eng/andesine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andesine
trans_list: andésine
sense:
(mineral) Sodium calcium aluminum silicate, (Na_xCa_xAlSi_3O_8), a plagioclase feldspar, the third member of the albite-anorthite solid solution series. Found in fine-grained andesite lavas; crystals are rarely seen.


lexentry: eng/andesite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andesite
trans_list: andésite
sense:
(geology) Any of a class of fine-grained intermediate igneous rock, of volcanic origin, containing mostly plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/andiron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andiron
trans_list: chenet
sense:
(usually, in plural) A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side


lexentry: eng/androcentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: androcentrism
trans_list: androcentrisme
sense:
An ideological focus on males and men, and issues affecting them, possibly to the detriment of non-males.


lexentry: eng/androgen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: androgen
trans_list: androgène
sense:
(steroid hormone) Any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.


lexentry: eng/andrology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andrology
trans_list: andrologie
sense:
(medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.


lexentry: eng/andropause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andropause
trans_list: andropause
sense:
(medicine, endocrinology) The male equivalent of the menopause in women; characterized by a decline in libido and overall energy.


lexentry: eng/androsterone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: androsterone
trans_list: androstérone
sense:
(steroid hormone) An androgenic hormone, excreted in the urine, somewhat less active than testosterone.


lexentry: eng/anecdote__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anecdote
trans_list: anecdote
sense:
An account which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.


lexentry: eng/anemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anemia
trans_list: anémie
sense:
(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.


lexentry: eng/anemoscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anemoscope
trans_list: anémoscope
sense:
An instrument that shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathercock; usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind.


lexentry: eng/aneroid_barometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aneroid barometer
trans_list: anéroïde
sense:
A barometer in which variations in pressure are measured using a partially evacuated capsule whose sides move in and out.


lexentry: eng/anesthesia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anesthesia
trans_list: anesthésie | anæsthésie
sense:
(medicine, American spelling, Canadian spelling) An artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.


lexentry: eng/anesthesiologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anesthesiologist
trans_list: anesthésiste | anesthésiologue
sense:
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) A physician who specializes in anesthesiology and administers anesthesia.


lexentry: eng/anesthetic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anesthetic
trans_list: anesthésie
sense:
(American spelling, medicine) A substance administered to reduce the perception of pain or to induce numbness for surgery and may render the recipient unconscious.


lexentry: eng/anesthetize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anesthetize
trans_list: anesthésier
sense:
(transitive) To administer anesthesia to: to render unfeeling or unconscious through the use of narcotic substances, usually either alcohol or pharmaceutical drugs.


lexentry: eng/aneurysm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aneurysm
trans_list: anévrisme | anévrysme
sense:
(pathology) An abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.


lexentry: eng/angel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angel
trans_list: ange
sense:
An incorporeal and sometimes divine messenger from a deity, or other divine entity, often depicted in art as a youthful winged figure in flowing robes.


lexentry: eng/angel_investor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angel investor
trans_list: investisseur providentiel
sense:
(business) An investor to a start-up, especially one who invests very early or during the company's initial forming.


lexentry: eng/angel_shark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angel shark
trans_list: squatine
sense:
A member of the unusual genus Squatina of sharks with flattened bodies and broad pectoral fins resembling skates or rays. There are approximately 16 known species, which are the only members of their taxonomic genus, family and order. They occur worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.


lexentry: eng/angelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angelic
trans_list: angélique
sense:
Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel.


lexentry: eng/angelica__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angelica
trans_list: angélique
sense:
A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).


lexentry: eng/angelology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angelology
trans_list: angélologie
sense:
The study of angels. Angels have been grouped into nine categories or “choirs,” from lowest to highest: angel, virtue, archangel, power, principality, dominion, throne, cherub, and seraph.


lexentry: eng/angels'_share__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angels' share
trans_list: part des anges
sense:
(oenology) The portion of a wine or distilled spirit's volume that is lost to evaporation during aging.


lexentry: eng/angels_dancing_on_the_head_of_a_pin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angels dancing on the head of a pin
trans_list: le sexe des anges | querelle byzantine | sexe des anges
sense:
(metaphor) The subject of arcane intellectual speculation; used as an example of a subject of enquiry in which the pursuit is of no value.


lexentry: eng/anger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anger
trans_list: colère | rage | courroux | fureur | ire
sense:
A strong feeling of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism towards someone or something, usually combined with an urge to harm, often stemming from perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.


lexentry: eng/angiogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiogram
trans_list: angiographie
sense:
(medicine) An X-ray image of the blood vessels gained after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.


lexentry: eng/angiography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiography
trans_list: angiographie
sense:
(medicine) A medical imaging technique in which an X-ray image is taken to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers.


lexentry: eng/angioplasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angioplasty
trans_list: angioplastie
sense:
(surgery) The mechanical widening of a narrowed or totally obstructed blood vessel generally caused by atheroma.


lexentry: eng/angiosperm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiosperm
trans_list: angiosperme
sense:
(botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.


lexentry: eng/angiotensin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiotensin
trans_list: angiotensine
sense:
(hormone) Any of several polypeptides that narrow blood vessels and thus regulate arterial pressure.


lexentry: eng/angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle
trans_list: angle
sense:
(geometry) A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle).


lexentry: eng/angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: angle
trans_list: angle
sense:
(geometry) The measure of such a figure. In the case of a plane angle, this is the ratio (or proportional to the ratio) of the arc length to the radius of a section of a circle cut by the two rays, centered at their common point. In the case of a solid angle, this is the ratio of the surface area to the square of the radius of the section of a sphere.


lexentry: eng/angle_grinder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle grinder
trans_list: disqueuse | meuleuse | meuleuse d'angle
sense:
A usually hand-held grinder which uses a pair of internal gears to place the rotational axis of the grinding or cutting wheel perpendicular to that of the driving motor.


lexentry: eng/angle_of_attack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle of attack
trans_list: incidence
sense:
(aeronautics) The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the airflow over it; one of the determiners of the amount of lift produced by an airfoil.


lexentry: eng/angle_of_incidence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle of incidence
trans_list: angle d'incidence
sense:
(optics, physics) The angle that a straight line, ray of light, etc., meeting a surface, makes with a normal to the surface at the point of meeting.


lexentry: eng/angle_of_incidence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: angle of incidence
trans_list: calage
sense:
(aeronautics) The angle, usually fixed, between the chord line of a wing or horizontal stabilizer and the axis of the fuselage, measured at the root.


lexentry: eng/anglerfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anglerfish
trans_list: baudroie
sense:
Any fish of the bony fish order Lophiiformes, which have an outgrowth they wiggle to lure and catch their prey.


lexentry: eng/anglicisation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anglicisation
trans_list: anglicisation
sense:
The process by which something or someone (usually a word) is made more English. Usually applied to language or culture.


lexentry: eng/anglicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anglicism
trans_list: anglicisme
sense:
An Englishism: a word or other feature originating in the English language that has been borrowed by another language.


lexentry: eng/angora__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: angora
trans_list: lapin angora
sense:
A rabbit belonging to the Angora rabbit breed, one of the oldest domestic breeds of rabbits in the world, raised chiefly in Europe for its silky and long hair (a subspecies of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus).


lexentry: eng/angst__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: angst
trans_list: angoisse existentielle
sense:
A feeling of acute but vague anxiety or apprehension often accompanied by depression, especially philosophical anxiety.


lexentry: eng/angstrom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angstrom
trans_list: ångström | aangström | angström
sense:
(physics) A unit of length equal to 10−10 meters (that is, one ten-billionth of a meter), approximately the size of an atom, and denoted by the symbol Å, used especially to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation or distances between atoms.


lexentry: eng/angular_mil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angular mil
trans_list: millième
sense:
(military) A unit of angular measurement equal to 1/6400 of a complete circle. At 1000 metres one mil subtends about one metre (~0,98 m). Also 1/6000 and 1/6300 are used in other countries.


lexentry: eng/angular_momentum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angular momentum
trans_list: moment angulaire
sense:
(physics) The vector product that describes the rotary inertia of a system about an axis and is conserved in a closed system. For an isolated rigid body, it is a measure of the extent to which an object will continue to rotate in the absence of an applied torque.


lexentry: eng/angular_velocity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angular velocity
trans_list: vitesse angulaire
sense:
(mathematics, physics) The angle turned, per unit time, by a body rotating about an axis; the rate of rotation through an angle.


lexentry: eng/anhedonia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anhedonia
trans_list: anhédonie
sense:
(symptom, psychiatry) The inability to feel pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable, such as exercise, hobbies, music, sexual activities or social interactions.


lexentry: eng/anhinga__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anhinga
trans_list: anhinga d'Amérique
sense:
(zoology) A fish-eating bird (Anhinga anhinga) of North America with a thin, pointed bill and a long, thin neck.


lexentry: eng/anhydride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anhydride
trans_list: anhydride
sense:
(chemistry) Any compound formally derived from another (or from others) by the loss of a water molecule, especially acid anhydrides.


lexentry: eng/aniconism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aniconism
trans_list: aniconisme
sense:
A prohibition against artists depicting religious figures such as divinities, prophets, or anything that can be worshiped.


lexentry: eng/aniline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aniline
trans_list: aniline
sense:
(organic compound) The simplest aromatic amine, C6H5NH2, synthesized by the reduction of nitrobenzene; it is a colourless oily basic poisonous liquid used in the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.


lexentry: eng/animal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal
trans_list: animal | bête
sense:
(science) Any eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants).


lexentry: eng/animal_feed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal feed
trans_list: alimentation animale
sense:
Material, of an animal or most often vegetable origin, prepared (especially industrially) as feed for domestic or farm animals.


lexentry: eng/animal_husbandry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal husbandry
trans_list: élevage
sense:
The management and care of farm animals by humans for profit, in which genetic qualities and behaviour, considered to be advantageous to humans, are further developed.


lexentry: eng/animal_rights__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal rights
trans_list: droits des animaux
sense:
Certain fundamental rights that animals are entitled to, such as the right to be spared undue suffering.


lexentry: eng/animated_cartoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animated cartoon
trans_list: dessin animé
sense:
Any of several types of film / movie, the frames of which are drawn by hand in order to give a sense of movement when projected in rapid sequence.


lexentry: eng/animation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: animation
trans_list: animation | invigoration
sense:
(animation, in the sense of a cartoon) A sequence of still drawings or inanimate objects displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement in motion pictures or computer graphics; the object (film, computer game, etc.) produced


lexentry: eng/anime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anime
trans_list: animé | anime
sense:
(uncountable) An artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries.


lexentry: eng/anise__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anise
trans_list: anis
sense:
An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent.


lexentry: eng/aniseed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aniseed
trans_list: graine d'anis
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.


lexentry: eng/aniso-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aniso-
trans_list: aniso-
sense:
unequal; not the same; not the selfsame: forming compounds words; often formed to contrast with similar words in iso-).


lexentry: eng/anisomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anisomorphism
trans_list: anisomorphisme
sense:
(linguistics, lexicography) The absence of an exact correspondence between words etc. in two different languages; the differences between two given languages that create mismatches in a translation dictionary.


lexentry: eng/anisotropic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anisotropic
trans_list: anisotrope
sense:
(physics, mathematics) Having properties that differ according to the direction of measurement; exhibiting anisotropy.


lexentry: eng/ankerite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankerite
trans_list: ankérite
sense:
(mineral) Any of a group of mixed carbonate minerals, principally of calcium with iron, magnesium and manganese.


lexentry: eng/ankh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankh
trans_list: ankh | ânkh
sense:
A cross shaped like a T with a loop at the top, the Egyptian hieroglyph representing the Egyptian triliteral ꜥnḫ and often used as an amulet or charm for this concept.


lexentry: eng/ankle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankle
trans_list: cheville
sense:
The skeletal joint which connects the foot with the leg; the uppermost portion of the foot and lowermost portion of the leg, which contain this skeletal joint.


lexentry: eng/ankle_monitor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankle monitor
trans_list: bracelet électronique
sense:
A device that individuals under house arrest or parole are often required to wear to track their location. It is attached to the person's ankle.


lexentry: eng/anklebone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anklebone
trans_list: astragale | os astragale | talus
sense:
The bone of the ankle, forming the lower part of the ankle joint and joining with the tibia and fibula.


lexentry: eng/ankyloglossia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankyloglossia
trans_list: virelangue
sense:
(medicine) A congenital oral anomaly in which the lingual frenulum is unusually short and thick, decreasing mobility of the tongue and affecting eating, speech, etc.


lexentry: eng/ankylosaurus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankylosaurus
trans_list: ankylosaure
sense:
A large herbivorous dinosaur, of genus Ankylosaurus, that lived in the Cretaceous period, noted for its heavy armor and club-like tail.


lexentry: eng/ankylosing_spondylitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankylosing spondylitis
trans_list: spondylarthrite ankylosante
sense:
(disease) A particular arthritis disease that affects usually the joints between vertebrae and the sacroiliac joint.


lexentry: eng/anlaut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anlaut
trans_list: son initial
sense:
(linguistics) The first sound of a word (word-initial position) or syllable (syllable-initial position).


lexentry: eng/annals__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annals
trans_list: annales
sense:
A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened.


lexentry: eng/annatto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annatto
trans_list: rocou | rocouyer | roucou
sense:
(countable) A tropical American evergreen shrub, Bixa orellana; the lipstick tree; the fruit of the tree.


lexentry: eng/annatto__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: annatto
trans_list: rocou | roucou
sense:
(uncountable) A fugitive orange-red dye obtained from this seed and fruit pulp through maceration and fermentation, used as textile dye and skin dye, containing bixin.


lexentry: eng/anneal__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anneal
trans_list: recuire
sense:
(metallurgy) To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.


lexentry: eng/annealing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annealing
trans_list: recuit
sense:
The heating of solid metal or glass to high temperatures and cooling it slowly so that its particles arrange into a defined lattice to remove residual stress.


lexentry: eng/annelid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annelid
trans_list: annélide | annélidé
sense:
Any of various wormlike animals, of the phylum Annelida, having a segmented body; they include the earthworm and the leech.


lexentry: eng/anniversary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anniversary
trans_list: anniversaire
sense:
A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.


lexentry: eng/annoy__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annoy
trans_list: embêter | ennuyer | gêner | agacer | asticoter
sense:
(transitive) To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to bother with unpleasant deeds.


lexentry: eng/annual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: annual
trans_list: annuel
sense:
Of, for, or relating to a whole year, often as a recurring cycle; determined or reckoned by the year; accumulating in the course of a year; performed, executed, or completed over the course of a year. See also circannual.


lexentry: eng/annual_general_meeting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annual general meeting
trans_list: assemblée générale annuelle
sense:
A meeting that official bodies, associations and companies hold each year to elect the board of directors and inform their members of previous and future activities. Commonly abbreviated as AGM.


lexentry: eng/annual_leave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annual leave
trans_list: congé
sense:
(workplace) Amount of time expressed as the number of days per year that an employee is entitled to be away from work.


lexentry: eng/annual_report__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annual report
trans_list: rapport annuel | rapport de gestion
sense:
(legal) In business law, a comprehensive report on a the activities of a company throughout the preceding year, generally produced in compliance with requirements established by government agencies.


lexentry: eng/annuity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annuity
trans_list: annuité | rente
sense:
(insurance, pensions) A right to receive amounts of money regularly over a certain fixed period, in perpetuity, or, especially, over the remaining life or lives of one or more beneficiaries.


lexentry: eng/annulment__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: annulment
trans_list: annulation
sense:
(legal) A legal (notably judicial) declaration that a marriage is invalid; the procedure leading to it.


lexentry: eng/annulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: annulus
trans_list: anneau
sense:
(astronomy) A ring of light in a celestial body, especially when caused by an annular eclipse (for example, when the Sun and Moon are in line with the Earth, but the Moon does not completely cover the Sun's disc).


lexentry: eng/annulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: annulus
trans_list: anneau | couronne
sense:
(botany) A structure surrounding a sporangium (or part of it) which shrinks and causes it to rupture for spore dispersal; specifically, in a fern: a structure around about two-thirds of the sporangium consisting of differentially thick-walled cells which dry and distort the sporangium; and in a moss: a complete ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium which dissolves to cause the tip to detach.


lexentry: eng/annulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: annulus
trans_list: couronne
sense:
(topology) Any topological space homeomorphic to the region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.


lexentry: eng/anoa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anoa
trans_list: anoa
sense:
Either of two related species of small Indonesian water buffalo similar in appearance to deer; Bubalus quarlesi or Bubalus depressicornis.


lexentry: eng/anocracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anocracy
trans_list: anocratie
sense:
(politics) A political system which is neither fully democratic nor fully autocratic, often being vulnerable to political instability.


lexentry: eng/anode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anode
trans_list: anode
sense:
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).


lexentry: eng/anodontia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anodontia
trans_list: anodontie
sense:
(dentistry, teratology) The congenital absence of some or all primary or permanent teeth, caused by a rare genetic disorder.


lexentry: eng/anoint__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anoint
trans_list: oindre
sense:
(transitive) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.


lexentry: eng/anomaly__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: anomaly
trans_list: anomalie
sense:
(science) Any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not.


lexentry: eng/anonymous_pipe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anonymous pipe
trans_list: canal de communication | tube anonyme
sense:
(computing) A simplex FIFO communication channel that may be used for one-way interprocess communication.


lexentry: eng/anopheles__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anopheles
trans_list: anophèle
sense:
(entomology) Loose terminology for species in the Anopheles genus of mosquitoes, some of which may transmit various parasites, Plasmodium, that are the cause of malaria. More strictly speaking, as Anopheles is a proper name it should be capitalised.


lexentry: eng/anorthosite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anorthosite
trans_list: anorthosite
sense:
(rock) A phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/anoscopy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anoscopy
trans_list: anuscopie
sense:
(medicine) An examination using a small, rigid, tubular instrument called an anoscope which is inserted into the anal canal


lexentry: eng/another__Determiner__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: another
trans_list: plus | un de plus
sense:
One more/further, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.


lexentry: eng/anoxia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anoxia
trans_list: anoxie
sense:
(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.


lexentry: eng/ansible__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ansible
trans_list: ansible
sense:
(science fiction) A hypothetical device that enables users to communicate instantaneously across great distances; that is, a faster-than-light communication device.


lexentry: eng/answer__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: answer
trans_list: réponse
sense:
(legal) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: answer
trans_list: répondre
sense:
To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: answer
trans_list: répondre
sense:
(obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.


lexentry: eng/ant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ant
trans_list: fourmi
sense:
Any of various insects in the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera, typically living in large colonies composed almost entirely of flightless females.


lexentry: eng/antacid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antacid
trans_list: antiacide
sense:
An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, especially in the stomach. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/ante__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ante
trans_list: mise
sense:
(poker) In poker and other games, the contribution made by all players to the pot before dealing the cards.


lexentry: eng/anteater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anteater
trans_list: fourmilier
sense:
Any of several animals of South and Central America, in suborder Vermilingua, which are noted for eating ants and termites which they catch with their long sticky tongues.


lexentry: eng/antecedent__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: antecedent
trans_list: antécédent
sense:
(logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition, i.e. p \rightarrow q, where p is the antecedent, and q is the consequent.


lexentry: eng/antediluvian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antediluvian
trans_list: antédiluvien
sense:
(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies.


lexentry: eng/antelope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antelope
trans_list: antilope
sense:
Any of several African mammals of the family Bovidae distinguished by hollow horns, which, unlike deer, they do not shed.


lexentry: eng/antenna__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: antenna
trans_list: antenne
sense:
An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.


lexentry: eng/anterior__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anterior
trans_list: antérieur
sense:
(anatomy) Nearer the forward end, especially in the front of the body; nearer the head or forepart of an animal.


