# translation

lexentry: eng/anterior_chamber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anterior chamber
trans_list: chambre antérieure de l'œil
sense:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humour.


lexentry: eng/anterograde_amnesia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anterograde amnesia
trans_list: amnésie antérograde
sense:
(pathology) The inability to remember new information from the period beginning the amnesic episode.


lexentry: eng/antheridium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antheridium
trans_list: anthéridie
sense:
(botany, mycology) An organ producing male gametes called antherozoids, found in some algae, ferns, and bryophytes.


lexentry: eng/anthill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthill
trans_list: fourmilière | termitière
sense:
A cone-shaped structure built from sediment and other available materials by ants or white ants (termites), and beneath which the colony nests.


lexentry: eng/anthocyanin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthocyanin
trans_list: anthocyane
sense:
(botany, organic chemistry) Any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments related to the flavonoids (more noticeable in autumn after the chlorophyll decomposes)


lexentry: eng/anthodium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthodium
trans_list: panier
sense:
(botany) The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into an involucrate head.


lexentry: eng/anthology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthology
trans_list: anthologie | florilège
sense:
A collection of literary works, such as poems or short stories, especially a collection from various authors.


lexentry: eng/anthracene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthracene
trans_list: anthracène
sense:
(organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.


lexentry: eng/anthrax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthrax
trans_list: charbon | maladie du charbon
sense:
(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.


lexentry: eng/anthropic_principle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropic principle
trans_list: principe anthropique
sense:
Any of several similar explanations for the nature of the universe, and for the values of its fundamental constants, that states either that the universe is as it is because otherwise we wouldn't be here to observe it, or that the very presence of intelligent life constrains the universe to be as it is.


lexentry: eng/anthropization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropization
trans_list: anthropisation
sense:
(ecology) The transformation or adaptation of the environment to meet the needs of humans, or by human activity.


lexentry: eng/anthropize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropize
trans_list: anthropiser
sense:
(transitive) To transform or adapt the environment either to meet the needs of humans, or by human activity.


lexentry: eng/anthropocentric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropocentric
trans_list: anthropocentrique
sense:
Placing humans at the center of something, giving preference to humans above all other considerations.


lexentry: eng/anthropocentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropocentrism
trans_list: anthropocentrisme
sense:
A viewpoint or theory that places human beings at the center of everything, giving preference to human beings above all other considerations.


lexentry: eng/anthropogeography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropogeography
trans_list: anthropogéographie
sense:
(anthropology) The study of the geographical distribution of humankind and the relationship between human beings and their environment


lexentry: eng/anthropography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropography
trans_list: anthropographie
sense:
The branch of anthropology that deals with the geographical distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which deals historically with the origin and filiation of races and nations.


lexentry: eng/anthropology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropology
trans_list: anthropologie
sense:
The scientific study of humans, systematically describing the ethnographic, linguistic, archaeological, and evolutionary dimensions of humanity using a holistic methodological framework.


lexentry: eng/anthropometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthropometry
trans_list: anthropométrie
sense:
The science of measuring the human body to ascertain the ranges and averages of dimensions of the human form, for various purposes including physical anthropology, epidemiology, the ergonomics of industrial design, and so on.


lexentry: eng/anthropomorphic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anthropomorphic
trans_list: anthropomorphe | anthropomorphique
sense:
(of animals, inanimate objects, and non-human entities) Having attributes or characteristics of a human being.


lexentry: eng/anthroposophy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anthroposophy
trans_list: anthroposophie
sense:
A philosophy founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner (also capitalized as Anthroposophy), postulating the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world accessible to direct experience through inner development.


lexentry: eng/anthroposphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anthroposphere
trans_list: anthroposphère
sense:
That part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats.


lexentry: eng/anti-Semitism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anti-Semitism
trans_list: anti-sémitisme
sense:
(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.


lexentry: eng/anti-gravity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anti-gravity
trans_list: antigravité
sense:
(science fiction) Any concept, system or device that would oppose or cancel out the force of gravity.


lexentry: eng/anti-lock__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anti-lock
trans_list: antiblocage
sense:
Preventing something from becoming stuck or jammed. Especially applies to anti-lock brakes, which are designed to continue rotating for better steering control while slowing the vehicle, rather than "locking" and causing the car to skid.


lexentry: eng/anti-story__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anti-story
trans_list: antiroman
sense:
(literature) A work of fiction in which the author breaks in some way the conventional rules of storytelling, usually with some feature (for example, a lack of plot or characters, unusual punctuation, odd subject or presentation, etc.) that strongly challenges the reader's expectations.


lexentry: eng/anti-villain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anti-villain
trans_list: anti-méchant
sense:
(fiction) An antagonist who has or may have noble or honorable aims, but pursues them destructively.


lexentry: eng/antialiasing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antialiasing
trans_list: anticrènelage
sense:
(computer graphics) any technique that reduces the appearance of jagged edges in digital images caused by high-contrast borders between pixels.


lexentry: eng/antiandrogen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiandrogen
trans_list: anti-androgène
sense:
(steroid, pharmacology) Any substance that inhibits the release or the biological effects of an androgen.


lexentry: eng/antiatom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiatom
trans_list: l'antiatome
sense:
(particle physics) An antiparticle composed of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons. An antimatter equivalent of the atom.


lexentry: eng/antibiosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antibiosis
trans_list: antibiose
sense:
(ecology) An association between organisms that is detrimental (harmful) to one or more of them; especially that due to a metabolic substance produced by one of them.


lexentry: eng/antibiotic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antibiotic
trans_list: antibiotique
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms, generally transported by the lymphatic system.


lexentry: eng/antiblue__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiblue
trans_list: antibleu
sense:
(particle physics) Describing one of the three possible colours of an antiquark, corresponding to blue in a quark.


lexentry: eng/antibonding_orbital__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antibonding orbital
trans_list: orbitale antiliante
sense:
(chemistry, physics) an atomic or molecular orbital whose energy increases as its constituent atoms are brought closer together - thus generating a repulsive force that hinders bonding


lexentry: eng/anticaliph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anticaliph
trans_list: anticalife | antikhalife
sense:
Someone who has the pretence of forming a government featuring the real caliph, as opposed to another caliphate claiming to unite the Muslim world under a caliph.


lexentry: eng/anticaliphate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anticaliphate
trans_list: anticalifat | antikhalifat
sense:
A government having the pretence of featuring the real caliph, as opposed to another caliphate claiming to unite the Muslim world under a caliph.


lexentry: eng/antichresis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antichresis
trans_list: antichrèse
sense:
(civil law) An agreement by which a debtor gives a creditor the use of real property to be able to pay interest and principal of the debt.


lexentry: eng/anticipation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anticipation
trans_list: attente
sense:
The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order.


lexentry: eng/anticipation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: anticipation
trans_list: anticipation
sense:
(music) A non-harmonic tone that is lower or higher than a note in the previous chord and a unison to a note in the next chord.


lexentry: eng/anticlimax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anticlimax
trans_list: déception
sense:
(rhetoric) An abrupt descent (either deliberate or unintentional) from the dignity of the idea which the speaker or writer appeared to be aiming for.


lexentry: eng/anticlockwise__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anticlockwise
trans_list: antihoraire | sens antihoraire | sens inverse des aiguilles d’une montre
sense:
(South Africa, Australia, NZ, British, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore) in a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the way the hands of an analogue clock move.


lexentry: eng/anticlockwise__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (AU, NZ, Britain, Ireland) In an anticlockwise fashion.
written_rep: anticlockwise
trans_list:
dans le [[sens contraire des aiguilles d’une montre]] | dans le [[sens inverse des aiguilles d’une montre]] | dans le sens antihoraire


lexentry: eng/anticodon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anticodon
trans_list: anticodon
sense:
(genetics) A sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to the complementary triplet (codon) in messenger RNA to specify an amino acid during protein synthesis.


lexentry: eng/antidictionary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antidictionary
trans_list: antidictionnaire
sense:
(computational linguistics) The set of all words of minimal length that never appear in a particular string.


lexentry: eng/antiferromagnetism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiferromagnetism
trans_list: antiferromagnétisme
sense:
(physics) a phenomenon, similar to ferromagnetism, in which magnetic domains line up in a regular pattern, but with neighbouring electron spins pointing in opposite directions; materials showing this effect are either ferrimagnetic or diamagnetic, and become paramagnetic above the Neel temperature


lexentry: eng/antifragility__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antifragility
trans_list: antifragilité
sense:
The ability of a system to benefit and grow from a certain class of random events, errors, and volatility.


lexentry: eng/antihero__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antihero
trans_list: antihéros | anti-héros
sense:
(literature, RPG) A protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals.


lexentry: eng/antiheroine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiheroine
trans_list: anti-héroïne | antihéroïne
sense:
(literature, RPG) A female protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals; a female antihero.


lexentry: eng/antihistamine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antihistamine
trans_list: antihistaminique
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or substance that counteracts the effects of a histamine. Commonly used to alleviate the symptoms of hay fever and other allergies.


lexentry: eng/antihydrogen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antihydrogen
trans_list: antihydrogène
sense:
(particle, uncountable) The antimatter equivalent of hydrogen, consisting of an antiproton and an positron (antielectron).


lexentry: eng/antiking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiking
trans_list: anti-roi
sense:
(politics) One who declares himself king in opposition to a reigning monarch, especially in an electoral monarchy.


lexentry: eng/antilogue__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antilogue
trans_list: antilogue
sense:
(mineralogy, electricity, in pyroelectric substances such as tourmaline) of or pertaining to the magnetic pole that becomes negative as its temperature increases and positive as its temperature decreases


lexentry: eng/antilogy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antilogy
trans_list: oxymore
sense:
(rhetoric) A contradiction in related terms or ideas. Usually an inconsistency in syllogisms, of a person or group supposedly of one set of ideals.


lexentry: eng/antimacassar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antimacassar
trans_list: antimacassar | têtière
sense:
A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, originally to prevent them from being soiled by macassar oil.


lexentry: eng/antimeridian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antimeridian
trans_list: antiméridien
sense:
(geography) The reference line at 180° longitude, on the opposite side of earth to the prime meridian.


lexentry: eng/antimetabole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antimetabole
trans_list: antimétabole
sense:
(rhetoric) The technique of repeating a phrase while reversing the order of certain elements or its grammatical structure, as a form of juxtaposition.


lexentry: eng/antimetabolite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antimetabolite
trans_list: antimétabolite
sense:
(medicine) Any substance that competes with, or inhibits the normal metabolic process, often by acting as an analogue of an essential metabolite.


lexentry: eng/antimicrobial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antimicrobial
trans_list: antimicrobien
sense:
an agent that destroys microbes, inhibits their growth, or prevents or counteracts their pathogenic action


lexentry: eng/antimony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antimony
trans_list: antimoine
sense:
A chemical element (symbol Sb, from Latin stibium) with an atomic number of 51: in its stable allotrope, a lustrous gray and very brittle metal.


lexentry: eng/antinatalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antinatalism
trans_list: antinatalisme
sense:
(philosophy) A family of philosophical views that are critical of reproduction — they consider coming into existence as bad or deem procreation as immoral.


lexentry: eng/anting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anting
trans_list: formicage
sense:
(ornithology) The practice of some birds of rubbing live ants or occasionally other items into the feathers, possibly as a means of controlling parasites.


lexentry: eng/antinode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antinode
trans_list: panse
sense:
(physics) A region of maximum amplitude situated between adjacent nodes of a vibrating body, such as a string.


lexentry: eng/antinomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: antinomy
trans_list: antinomie
sense:
(specifically, epistemology, logic) In the thought of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804): an apparent contradiction between valid conclusions; a paradox.


lexentry: eng/antinuclear__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antinuclear
trans_list: antinucléaire
sense:
Opposed to the production or use of nuclear weapons, or opposed to the generation of electricity from nuclear power.


lexentry: eng/antiparticle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiparticle
trans_list: antiparticule
sense:
(particle) A subatomic particle corresponding to another particle with the same mass, spin and mean lifetime but with charge, parity, strangeness and other quantum numbers flipped in sign; a particle that has a reversed world line to another.


lexentry: eng/antipasto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antipasto
trans_list: hors d'œuvre
sense:
An Italian starter for a meal; normally a cold assortment of salami, cheese, seafood and vegetables.


lexentry: eng/antipathy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antipathy
trans_list: antipathie
sense:
A feeling of dislike (normally towards someone, less often towards something); repugnance or distaste often without any conscious reasoning.


lexentry: eng/antiperspirant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiperspirant
trans_list: antisudorifique
sense:
(countable, uncountable) A substance used to minimize sweating or perspiration, and usually applied to the underarm area.


lexentry: eng/antiphilosophy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiphilosophy
trans_list: antiphilosophie
sense:
(philosophy) An antitheoretical metaphilosophy critical of a priori justification aiming to dissolve misconceptions that traditional philosophy makes.


lexentry: eng/antiphony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiphony
trans_list: antienne
sense:
(music, singing) Alternate, or responsive singing by a choir split into two parts; a piece sung or chanted in this manner.


lexentry: eng/antiphrasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiphrasis
trans_list: antiphrase
sense:
(rhetoric) Use of a word or phrase in a sense not in accord with its literal meaning, especially for ironic or humorous effect


lexentry: eng/antipope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antipope
trans_list: antipape
sense:
(Christianity) A person who claims or claimed to be the pope, usually as the result of a disputed election or deposition, but is not considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the real pope.


lexentry: eng/antiprism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiprism
trans_list: antiprisme
sense:
A polyhedron composed of two parallel copies of some particular polygon, connected by an alternating band of triangles.


lexentry: eng/antiprotectionist__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiprotectionist
trans_list: antiprotectionniste
sense:
(economy) Describing a person who disapproves of protectionism, or of a policy that is counter to protectionism


lexentry: eng/antiquary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiquary
trans_list: antiquaire
sense:
A person who is knowledgeable of, or who collects antiques (especially one holding an official position); an antiquarian.


lexentry: eng/antique_shop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antique shop
trans_list: antiquaire
sense:
(retail) A business dedicated to storing, selling, restoring, and trading in items from previous eras for their superficial and historical value, especially furniture and trinkets.


lexentry: eng/antiquity__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: antiquity
trans_list: antiquité | Antiquité
sense:
(often, constructed as an uncountable plural) A relic or monument of ancient times, such as a coin, a statue, etc.; an ancient institution.


lexentry: eng/antired__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antired
trans_list: antirouge
sense:
(particle physics) One of the three possible colours of an antiquark, corresponding to red in a quark.


lexentry: eng/antisense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antisense
trans_list: antisens
sense:
(genetics) A molecule which interacts with a complementary strand of nucleic acids, so as to suppress its transcription.


lexentry: eng/antisepsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antisepsis
trans_list: antiseptique
sense:
(hygiene) The science and practice of countering microbial infection, as with the use of antiseptics, and the use of aseptic technique.


lexentry: eng/antiseptic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiseptic
trans_list: antiseptique
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Generally includes only those that are used on living objects (as opposed to disinfectants) and aren't transported by the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria in the body (as opposed to antibiotics).


lexentry: eng/antisocial_personality_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antisocial personality disorder
trans_list: personnalité antisociale
sense:
(psychology) A personality disorder marked by antisocial behavior, a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.


lexentry: eng/antisymmetric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antisymmetric
trans_list: antisymétrique
sense:
(set theory, order theory, of a binary relation R on a set S) Having the property that, for any two distinct elements of S, at least one is not related to the other via R; equivalently, having the property that, for any x, y ∈ S, if both xRy and yRx then x=y.


lexentry: eng/antiterrorism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antiterrorism
trans_list: antiterrorisme | contreterrorisme
sense:
(law enforcement, military, often, attributive) Activity aiming at opposing or preventing terrorism.


lexentry: eng/antithetical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antithetical
trans_list: antithétique
sense:
Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.


lexentry: eng/antitrinitarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antitrinitarianism
trans_list: antitrinitarisme
sense:
(theology) Rejection of the Trinitarian doctrine that God subsists as three distinct persons in the single substance of the Holy Trinity; nontrinitarianism.


lexentry: eng/antitrust__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antitrust
trans_list: antimonopolistique | antitrust
sense:
(legal) Opposed to or against the establishment or existence of trusts (monopolies), usually referring to legislation.


lexentry: eng/antivenom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antivenom
trans_list: antidote
sense:
(medicine) A medicine that counteracts venom, an antidote to biological poisons from venomous animals such as snakes and spiders.


lexentry: eng/antivirus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antivirus
trans_list: antivirus
sense:
(computing) A piece of software that is used to detect, delete and or neutralize computer-based viruses.


lexentry: eng/antler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antler
trans_list: bois | andouiller
sense:
A deciduous branching and bony structure on the head of deer, moose and elk, normally in pairs. They are grown and shed each year. (Compare with horn, which is generally not shed.)


lexentry: eng/antlion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antlion
trans_list: fourmi-lion | fourmilion
sense:
Any of various species of insects, many of them nocturnal, in the family Myrmeleontidae. The adults superficially resemble the unrelated damselflies. The larvae bury themselves in sand below a cone-shaped pit in which they trap insects such as ants.


lexentry: eng/anvil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anvil
trans_list: enclume
sense:
A heavy iron block used in the blacksmithing trade as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped.


lexentry: eng/anxiety__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anxiety
trans_list: anxiété | inquiétude
sense:
An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.


lexentry: eng/anxiety__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: anxiety
trans_list: anxiété | angoisse
sense:
(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.


lexentry: eng/anxious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anxious
trans_list: anxieux
sense:
Having a feeling of anxiety or disquietude; extremely concerned, especially about something that will happen in the future or that is unknown.


lexentry: eng/any__Determiner__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: any
trans_list: aucun
sense:
(negative polarity item) One at all; at least one; at least one kind of; some; a positive quantity of.


lexentry: eng/any_other_business__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: any other business
trans_list: les divers
sense:
The last item on the agenda for a meeting, when any matter not already dealt with may be raised. Abbreviations: a.o.b., AOB.


lexentry: eng/anyway__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anyway
trans_list: en tout cas | de toute façon | d'ailleurs
sense:
Used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement. See anyhow and at least. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/aorist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aorist
trans_list: aoriste
sense:
(grammar) A verb paradigm found in certain languages, usually an unmarked form or one that expresses the perfective or aorist aspect.


lexentry: eng/aorist_aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aorist aspect
trans_list: aoriste
sense:
(grammar) A temporal feature of the verb which denotes the speaker's standpoint of the event described by the verb, as from outside of the event and seeing it as a completed whole.


lexentry: eng/aorta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aorta
trans_list: aorte
sense:
(anatomy) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.


lexentry: eng/aortic_arch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aortic arch
trans_list: arc aortique | crosse de l’aorte
sense:
(anatomy) The curving portion of the aorta that bends between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, from which the brachiocephalic artery, left carotid artery, and left subclavian artery arise.


lexentry: eng/apagoge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apagoge
trans_list: apagogie
sense:
(logic) An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.


lexentry: eng/apanage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apanage
trans_list: apanage
sense:
(historical) A grant (especially by a sovereign) of land (or other source of revenue) as a birthright.


lexentry: eng/apartment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apartment
trans_list: appartement
sense:
(chiefly, North America, Australia, Philippines) A complete domicile occupying only part of a building, especially one for rent; a flat.


lexentry: eng/apartment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: apartment
trans_list: appartements
sense:
(archaic) A suite of rooms within a domicile, designated for a specific person or persons and including a bedroom.


lexentry: eng/apastron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apastron
trans_list: apoastre
sense:
(astronomy) The point of greatest separation between a celestial object and the star which it orbits.


lexentry: eng/apatheia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apatheia
trans_list: abattement
sense:
(philosophy) A state of mind in Stoic philosophy in which one is free from emotional disturbance; the freedom from all passions.


lexentry: eng/apatheism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apatheism
trans_list: apathéisme
sense:
(religion) Apathy towards the existence of a god; belief that the question of the existence of a god is unimportant.


lexentry: eng/apathy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apathy
trans_list: apathie
sense:
Lack of emotion or motivation; lack of interest or enthusiasm towards something; disinterest (in something).


lexentry: eng/apatite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apatite
trans_list: apatite
sense:
(mineral) A calcium fluoride phosphate of variable composition, sometimes used in the manufacture of fertilizer, as a gemstone, and (in powdered form) as a pigment, and also produced biologically in bones and teeth.


lexentry: eng/apatosaur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apatosaur
trans_list: apatosaure
sense:
A large, herbivorous, gregarious sauropod dinosaur, of the genus Apatosaurus, from Jurassic North America; it had a long neck and tail.


lexentry: eng/ape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ape
trans_list: singe | hominoïdé | singe anthropoïde
sense:
A primate of the clade Hominoidea, generally larger than monkeys and distinguished from them by having no tail.


lexentry: eng/apeman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apeman
trans_list: pithécanthrope
sense:
A prehistoric man resembling an ape, especially one held to be a precursor to modern humans; a non-human australopithecine.


lexentry: eng/aperture__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aperture
trans_list: ouverture
sense:
(astronomy, photography) The diameter of such a hole which restricts the width of the lightpath through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.


lexentry: eng/aphanitic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aphanitic
trans_list: aphanitique
sense:
(geology, petrology) Pertaining to aphanites, igneous rocks composed of microscopic mineral crystals (fine grains too small to be visible to the naked eye.


lexentry: eng/aphantasia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aphantasia
trans_list: aphantasie
sense:
(psychology, pathology) A condition where one does not possess a functioning "mind's eye" and cannot visualize imagery.


lexentry: eng/aphasia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aphasia
trans_list: aphasie
sense:
(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.


lexentry: eng/aphelion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aphelion
trans_list: aphélie
sense:
(astronomy, also, figuratively) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, or other astronomical object, where it is farthest from the Sun.


lexentry: eng/apheresis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apheresis
trans_list: aphérèse
sense:
(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Elision, suppression, or complete loss of a letter or sound (syllable) from the beginning of a word, such as the development of special from especial; procope.


lexentry: eng/apheresis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: apheresis
trans_list: aphérèse
sense:
(medicine, specific, still current) The removal of blood from a patient, and the removal of certain components (such as platelets) from that blood, followed by the transfusion of the filtered blood back to the donor (patient).


lexentry: eng/aphetism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aphetism
trans_list: aphérèse
sense:
The aphetized form of a word, i.e. a word which has dropped its initial vowel or syllable, such as squire.


lexentry: eng/aphotic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aphotic
trans_list: aphotique
sense:
Having no light, especially no sunlight; specifically (biology, oceanography) describing that part of deep lakes and oceans where less than one per cent of sunlight penetrates and where photosynthesis is not possible.


lexentry: eng/apicoplast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apicoplast
trans_list: apicoplaste
sense:
(microbiology) A relict, non-photosynthetic plastid found in most of the Apicomplexa, proposed to have evolved via secondary endosymbiosis and surrounded by four membranes within the outermost part of the endomembrane system


lexentry: eng/aplanat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aplanat
trans_list: aplanat
sense:
(optics) A lens that has been corrected for spherical aberration and coma in order to produce a rectilinear image.


lexentry: eng/aplanatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aplanatic
trans_list: aplanétique
sense:
(optics, of an optical system) Free from, or corrected for, spherical aberration and chromatic aberration


lexentry: eng/aplasia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aplasia
trans_list: aplasie
sense:
(pathology) A condition marked by the incomplete development, or entire absence, of an organ or tissue.


lexentry: eng/apnea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apnea
trans_list: apnée
sense:
(pathology) The cessation of breathing, most often in reference to transient instances thereof during sleep.


lexentry: eng/apoapsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apoapsis
trans_list: apoapse | apoapside
sense:
(astronomy) The point of a body's elliptical orbit about the system's centre of mass where the distance between the body and the centre of mass is at its maximum.


lexentry: eng/apocalypse__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: apocalypse
trans_list: apocalypse
sense:
(Christianity) The unveiling of events prophesied in the Revelation; the second coming and the end of life on Earth; global destruction. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/apocatastasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apocatastasis
trans_list: apocatastase
sense:
(especially, religion, rare) An apocalypse leading to the remaking of the world rather than a Final Judgment, (Christianity) an Origenist doctrine condemned by the 543 C.E. Synod of Constantinople.


lexentry: eng/apocrisiarius__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apocrisiarius
trans_list: apocrisiaire
sense:
(historical, ecclesiastical) A high diplomatic representative, approximately equivalent to a papal nuncio.


lexentry: eng/apocrypha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apocrypha
trans_list: apocryphe
sense:
Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority (formerly also used attributively).


lexentry: eng/apocryphal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: apocryphal
trans_list: apocryphe
sense:
(by extension) Of dubious veracity; of questionable accuracy or truthfulness; anecdotal or in the nature of an urban legend.


lexentry: eng/apodyterium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apodyterium
trans_list: apodytère | apodytérium
sense:
(architecture, historical) The apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra, for getting undressed.


lexentry: eng/apogalacticon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apogalacticon
trans_list: apogalacticon
sense:
(astronomy) The point in the orbit of a star at which it is furthest from the centre of its local galaxy


lexentry: eng/apogee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apogee
trans_list: apogée
sense:
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is farthest from the Earth: the apoapsis of an Earth orbiter.


lexentry: eng/apologetics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apologetics
trans_list: apologétique
sense:
The field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position, or of religious or occult doctrines


lexentry: eng/apologize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apologize
trans_list: excuser | s'excuser
sense:
(intransitive, often followed by “for”) To make an apology or excuse; to acknowledge some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends


lexentry: eng/apology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apology
trans_list: excuse
sense:
An expression of remorse or regret for having said or done something that harmed another: an instance of apologizing (saying that one is sorry).


lexentry: eng/apolytikion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apolytikion
trans_list: antienne
sense:
A troparion chanted at Orthodox Christian worship services, summarizing the feast being celebrated that day.


lexentry: eng/apophatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apophatic
trans_list: apophatique
sense:
(theology) Pertaining to knowledge of God obtained through negation rather than positive assertions.


lexentry: eng/apophysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apophysis
trans_list: apophyse
sense:
(anatomy) A natural outgrowth, swelling or enlargement, usually of an organism; a protuberance on a bone.


lexentry: eng/apoplast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apoplast
trans_list: apoplasme
sense:
(botany) The space outside of a plant's plasma membrane through which water and soluble nutrients are transported across a tissue or organ


lexentry: eng/apoptosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apoptosis
trans_list: apoptose
sense:
(biology, cytology) A process of programmed cell death by which cells undergo an ordered sequence of events which leads to death of the cell, as occurs during growth and development of the organism, as a part of normal cell aging, or as a response to cellular injury. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/aporia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aporia
trans_list: aporie
sense:
(rhetoric) An expression of deliberation with oneself regarding uncertainty or doubt as to how to proceed.


lexentry: eng/aporia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aporia
trans_list: aporie
sense:
(philosophy, post-structuralism) An insoluble contradiction, especially in a text's meaning; a logical impasse suggested by a text or speaker.


lexentry: eng/aposematism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aposematism
trans_list: aposématisme
sense:
(biology, chiefly, zoology) An adaptation, especially a form of coloration, that warns off potential predators.


lexentry: eng/aposiopesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aposiopesis
trans_list: aposiopèse | réticence
sense:
(rhetoric) An abrupt breaking-off in speech, often indicated in print using an ellipsis (…) or an em dash (—).


lexentry: eng/apostle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apostle
trans_list: apôtre | apôtresse
sense:
A missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church (but see Apostle).


lexentry: eng/apostle__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: apostle
trans_list: apôtre
sense:
A top-ranking ecclesiastical official in the twelve seat administrative council of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


lexentry: eng/apostolic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apostolic
trans_list: apostolique
sense:
(Christianity) Pertaining to apostles or their practice of teaching; pertaining to the apostles (of early Christianity) or their teachings.


lexentry: eng/apostolic_succession__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apostolic succession
trans_list: succession apostolique
sense:
(Christianity) The unbroken chain of consecrations by laying on of hands from the Apostles of Jesus Christ to the bishops, and from to bishop to bishop through the ages.


lexentry: eng/apostolicity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apostolicity
trans_list: apostolicité
sense:
(Christianity) The quality of being apostolic, notably of preserving authenticity within the mission and tradition of the Christian church as founded by Jesus Christ and his twelve original Apostles, through their representatives and successors in the papacy and episcopate.


lexentry: eng/apostrophe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apostrophe
trans_list: apostrophe
sense:
(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.


lexentry: eng/apostrophe__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apostrophe
trans_list: apostrophe
sense:
(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent.


lexentry: eng/apothecium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apothecium
trans_list: apothécie
sense:
(lichenology & mycology) A type of fructification of some ascomycete fungi, forming cyst structures of various shapes. Often the fungal components of lichens have this sort of fertile structure.


lexentry: eng/apothem__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: apothem
trans_list: apothème
sense:
(geometry) The distance from the center of a regular polygon perpendicular to one of its sides (a special case of the above).


lexentry: eng/apotropaism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apotropaism
trans_list: apotropaïsme
sense:
(religion, mysticism) The use of ritual or other magical means (including charms and/or incantations) to avert evil or bad luck.


lexentry: eng/app__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: app
trans_list: appli | application | programme
sense:
(computing, mobile phones) An application (program), especially a small one designed for a mobile device.


lexentry: eng/apparent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apparent
trans_list: apparent | visible
sense:
Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye, eyely; within sight or view.


lexentry: eng/apparent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: apparent
trans_list: apparent
sense:
Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming.


lexentry: eng/apparent_magnitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apparent magnitude
trans_list: magnitude apparente
sense:
(astronomy) a numerical measure of the brightness of a star, planet etc.; a decrease of 1 unit represents an increase in the light received by a factor of 2.512


lexentry: eng/appeal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: appeal
trans_list: appel
sense:
An application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


lexentry: eng/appeal__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: appeal
trans_list: faire appel | appel | interjeter
sense:
(intransitive) Often followed by against (the inferior court's decision) or to (the superior court): to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


lexentry: eng/appeal__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: appeal
trans_list: plaire | appeler
sense:
(intransitive) To call upon a person or an authority to corroborate a statement, to decide a controverted question, or to vindicate one's rights; to entreat, to invoke.


lexentry: eng/appeal_to_authority__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: appeal to authority
trans_list: argument d'autorité
sense:
(logical fallacy) Deeming an assertion to be true because of the position or the authority of the person asserting it.


lexentry: eng/appear__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: appear
trans_list: apparaître
sense:
(intransitive) To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, etc.; to present oneself as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried.


lexentry: eng/appear__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: appear
trans_list: apparaître
sense:
(intransitive) To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest.


lexentry: eng/appearance__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: appearance
trans_list: apparence
sense:
(legal) An instance of someone coming into a court of law to be part of a trial, either in person or represented by an attorney or such like; a court appearance


lexentry: eng/appellate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: appellate
trans_list: plainte
sense:
That can be (legally) appealed to, especially of a court that hears appeals of decisions by a lower court.


lexentry: eng/appellation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: appellation
trans_list: terme
sense:
(formal, _, or, _, dated) A name or title by which someone is addressed or identified; a designation.


lexentry: eng/apperception__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apperception
trans_list: aperception | apperception
sense:
(uncountable, psychology, and, philosophy, especially Kantianism) The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states, unifying past and present experiences; self-consciousness, perception that reflects upon itself.


lexentry: eng/applause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: applause
trans_list: applaudissement | acclamation
sense:
The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by the clapping of hands, stamping or tapping of the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation.


lexentry: eng/apple-corer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apple-corer
trans_list: vide-pomme
sense:
A tool used to remove the apple core from an apple for use in cooking; some forms of the tool segment the apple at the same time as removing its core.


lexentry: eng/apple__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: apple
trans_list: pomme
sense:
(Christianity) The fruit of the tree of knowledge, eaten by Adam and Eve according to modern Christian tradition; the forbidden fruit. [from 11th c.]


lexentry: eng/apple_cider_vinegar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apple cider vinegar
trans_list: vinaigre de cidre de pomme
sense:
A vinegar, made from cider or apple must along with yeast and bacteria, that has been matured in wooden barrels.


lexentry: eng/apple_core__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apple core
trans_list: trognon de pomme
sense:
The central portion of an apple containing the seeds and where the stem attaches (and the opposed end). Particularly the portion that remains after the main part of the fruit has been eaten.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_Sodom__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: apple of Sodom
trans_list: pommier de Sodome
sense:
The mudar (Calotropis procera), a flowering plant, found from northern Africa to southeast Asia, which bears poisonous fruit.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_discord__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apple of discord
trans_list: pomme de discorde
sense:
An object or topic which sows anger and dissension; something which causes argument, rivalry, or strife.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_someone's_eye__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apple of someone's eye
trans_list: prunelle de ses yeux
sense:
(idiomatic) A favourite, a particular preference, or a loved one; the object of somebody's affections.


lexentry: eng/apple_turnover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apple turnover
trans_list: chausson aux pommes | gosette aux pommes
sense:
A pastry dessert filled with pieces of sweetened apples, with the pastry folded over to enclose the filling.


lexentry: eng/apples_and_oranges__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apples and oranges
sense:
(idiomatic) A comparison of items that, however categorically similar, is inapt; an incompatible equation, or the items thus compared.

trans_list:
comparer des pommes et des poires | mélanger des choux et des carottes | mélanger les torchons et les serviettes


lexentry: eng/applet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: applet
trans_list: applet | applette | appliquette
sense:
(computing) A small program module that runs under the control of a larger application, typically a web browser.


lexentry: eng/appliance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: appliance
trans_list: appareil
sense:
A non-manual apparatus or device, powered electrically or by another small motor, used in homes to perform domestic functions (household appliance) and/or in offices.


lexentry: eng/appliance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: appliance
trans_list: appareil électrique
sense:
An implement, an instrument or apparatus designed (or at least used) as a means to a specific end, especially:


lexentry: eng/applicate__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: applicate
trans_list: cote
sense:
(mathematics) The z-coordinate (the last of the three terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of Cartesian coordinates for a three-dimensional space)


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: application
trans_list: application
sense:
The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence.


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: application
trans_list: application | programme
sense:
(computing) A computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose. (Also called: application program; application software.)


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: application
trans_list: demande | candidature
sense:
A verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school, course or similar.


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: application
trans_list: application
sense:
(comptheory) The substitution of a specific value for the parameter in the abstraction, in lambda calculus.


lexentry: eng/application_programming_interface__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: application programming interface
trans_list: interface de programmation
sense:
(computing, programming) A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications, which makes it possible for software components to interact with one another, leading to the ability to share data over a network.


lexentry: eng/applied_mathematics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: applied mathematics
trans_list: mathématiques appliqueées
sense:
(mathematics) Mathematics used to solve problems in other sciences such as physics, engineering or electronics, as opposed to pure mathematics.


lexentry: eng/applique__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: applique
trans_list: appliqué inversé
sense:
(arts) A decorative design made by cutting pieces of material and applying them to the surface of another for decoration.


lexentry: eng/apply__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: apply
trans_list: postuler | s'inscrire
sense:
(intransitive) To submit oneself as a candidate (with the adposition "to" designating the recipient of the submission, and the adposition "for" designating the position).


lexentry: eng/appoint__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: appoint
trans_list: fixer | poser
sense:
(transitive, legal) To fix the disposition of (property) by designating someone to take use of (it).


lexentry: eng/appointment__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: appointment
trans_list: nomination | rendez-vous | rencard
sense:
(government) The assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.


lexentry: eng/apportionment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: apportionment
trans_list: partage | répartition
sense:
(US) The distribution of members of the House of Representatives according to the population of the various states.


lexentry: eng/apposable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apposable
trans_list: apposable
sense:
(anatomy) Capable of being apposed, or applied one to another, as the thumb to the fingers of the hand; able to be brought into direct spatial opposition.


lexentry: eng/apposite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: apposite
trans_list: parallèle
sense:
Positioned at rest in respect to another, be it side-to-side, front-to-front, back-to-back, or even three-dimensionally: in apposition.


lexentry: eng/apposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apposition
trans_list: apposition
sense:
(grammar) A construction in which one noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both of them having the same syntactic function in the sentence.


lexentry: eng/appreciable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: appreciable
trans_list: appréciable
sense:
(usually) Both detectable#Adjective and at least modestly substantial#Adjective: large enough to be estimated and to be of practical relevance#Noun.


lexentry: eng/appreciation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: appreciation
trans_list: appréciation | estimation | évaluation
sense:
A fair valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence; gratitude and esteem.


lexentry: eng/apprehend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apprehend
trans_list: appréhender
sense:
To anticipate (something, usually unpleasant); especially, to anticipate (something) with anxiety, dread, or fear; to dread, to fear.


lexentry: eng/apprehend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apprehend
trans_list: appréhender | comprendre
sense:
To take hold of (something) with understanding; to conceive (something) in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand.


lexentry: eng/apprehension__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: apprehension
trans_list: appréhension
sense:
Perception; the act of understanding using one's intellect without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment


lexentry: eng/apprehension__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: apprehension
trans_list: appréhension
sense:
Anticipation, especially of unfavorable things such as dread or fear or the prospect of something unpleasant in the future.


lexentry: eng/apprenticeship__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: apprenticeship
trans_list: apprentissage
sense:
The system by which a person learning a craft or trade is instructed by a master for a set time under set conditions.


lexentry: eng/approach__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: approach
trans_list: approcher
sense:
(intransitive) To come or go near, in place or time; to move toward; to advance nearer; to draw nigh.


lexentry: eng/approach__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: approach
trans_list: approcher
sense:
(ambitransitive, figuratively) Used intransitively, followed by to: to draw near (to someone or something); to make advances; to approximate or become almost equal.


lexentry: eng/approach__Verb__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: approach
trans_list: approcher
sense:
(transitive, military) To take approaches to (a place); to move towards (a place) by using covered roads, trenches, or other works.


lexentry: eng/approach_shot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: approach shot
trans_list: approche
sense:
(golf) Any shot, normally not when teeing off, aimed to land on the green, hit for accuracy more than power.


lexentry: eng/approaches__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: approaches
trans_list: aborder
sense:
(military) The covered roads, trenches, or other works made by besiegers or soldiers in their advances toward a place such as a fortress or military post.


lexentry: eng/approbation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: approbation
trans_list: approbation
sense:
The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval, sanction, commendation or official recognition.


lexentry: eng/approval__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: approval
trans_list: approbation | agrément
sense:
An expression granting permission; an indication of agreement with a proposal; an acknowledgement that a person, thing, or event meets requirements.


lexentry: eng/approximant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: approximant
trans_list: spirante | approximante
sense:
(phonetics) A consonant sound made by slightly narrowing the vocal tract, while still allowing a smooth flow of air. Liquids and glides are approximants.


lexentry: eng/approximation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: approximation
trans_list: rapprochement
sense:
(linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act.


lexentry: eng/appurtenance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: appurtenance
trans_list: accessoire
sense:
(grammar) A modifier that is appended or prepended to another word to coin a new word that expresses belonging.


lexentry: eng/apraxia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apraxia
trans_list: apraxie
sense:
(neurology) Total or partial loss of the ability to perform coordinated movements or manipulate objects in the absence of motor or sensory impairment; specifically, a disorder of motor planning.


lexentry: eng/apriorism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apriorism
trans_list: apriorisme
sense:
(philosophy) The idea that some knowledge of the physical world can be derived logically from general principles.


lexentry: eng/apron__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: apron
trans_list: piste | tablier | tarmac
sense:
(aviation) The paved area of an airport, especially the area where aircraft park away from a terminal


lexentry: eng/apse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: apse
trans_list: abside
sense:
(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.


lexentry: eng/apsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: apsis
trans_list: apside
sense:
(astronomy) Either of the points in the elliptical orbit of a planet, comet, or moon where it is closest or furthest from the body it orbits; examples are perihelion, aphelion, perigee, and apogee


lexentry: eng/aqua_regia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aqua regia
trans_list: eau régale
sense:
(inorganic chemistry, archaic) A mixture of three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part concentrated nitric acid, named for its ability to dissolve gold.


lexentry: eng/aquafaba__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aquafaba
trans_list: aquafaba
sense:
(cooking, neologism) The liquid left over from boiling chickpeas or similar beans, or from a can of chickpeas.


lexentry: eng/aquaplane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aquaplane
trans_list: aquaplane
sense:
(originally, US, water sports) A board on which a person stands to ride for leisure which is pulled on a water surface by a motorboat.


lexentry: eng/aquaplane__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aquaplane
trans_list: aquaplaner
sense:
(by extension, chiefly, Britain, automotive) Of a car or other road vehicle: to lose traction with the road due to the vehicle's tyres sliding on a film of water on the road.


lexentry: eng/aquaplaning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aquaplaning
trans_list: aquaplanage | hydroplanage | aquaplaning
sense:
(automotive, UK) The loss of contact with the road because of surface water. The act of aquaplaning.


lexentry: eng/aquaponics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aquaponics
trans_list: aquaponie
sense:
(agriculture) A sustainable food production system that combines traditional aquaculture with hydroponics, with effluent from the water in which fish are reared being used as nutrition for plants.


lexentry: eng/aquaporin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aquaporin
trans_list: aquaporine
sense:
(protein) Any of a class of proteins that form water-permeable pores in the membrane of biological cells.


lexentry: eng/aquatint__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aquatint
trans_list: aquatinte
sense:
A form of etching with acid on a plate partially covered with varnish that produces a print somewhat resembling a watercolour.


lexentry: eng/aquavit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aquavit
trans_list: aquavit
sense:
A Scandinavian liquor that is about 40% alcohol by volume; distilled from potato or grain mash and flavored with caraway seeds, anise, fennel, dill and other spices and herbs, depending on variety.


lexentry: eng/aqueous_humour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aqueous humour
trans_list: humeur aqueuse
sense:
(ophthalmology) The clear, watery fluid that fills the front of the eye between the cornea and the crystalline lens.


lexentry: eng/arabesque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arabesque
trans_list: arabesque
sense:
(art, architecture, also, attributively) An elaborate design of intertwined floral figures or complex geometrical patterns, mainly used in Islamic art and architecture.


lexentry: eng/arable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arable
trans_list: cultivable | arable
sense:
(agriculture, of land) Able to be plowed or tilled, capable of growing crops (traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths).


lexentry: eng/arable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arable
trans_list: cultivable | arable
sense:
(agriculture, NGO, _, jargon, of land) Under cultivation (within any quinquennial period) for the production of crops sown and harvested within the same agricultural year (contrasted with permanently-cropped lands such as orchards).


lexentry: eng/arachidonic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arachidonic acid
trans_list: acide arachidonique
sense:
(fatty acid) A long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, having 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds, found in animal fats; it is essential for human nutrition, being a precursor to the production of prostaglandins.


lexentry: eng/arachnoid_mater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arachnoid mater
trans_list: arachnoïde
sense:
(anatomy) The middle layer of the meninges; a membrane that protects the brain and spinal cord below the dura mater and above the subarachnoid space and the pia mater.


lexentry: eng/aragonite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aragonite
trans_list: aragonite
sense:
(mineral) An evaporite consisting of anhydrous calcium carbonate with the chemical formula CaCO3 and occurring in pearls, shells and nacre; it is dimorphous with calcite.


lexentry: eng/arak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arak
trans_list: arack
sense:
A clear, unsweetened aniseed-flavoured alcoholic drink, produced and consumed primarily in the Levant.


lexentry: eng/arbiter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arbiter
trans_list: arbitre
sense:
(with of) A person or object having the power of judging, determining, or ordaining; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited.


lexentry: eng/arbitrage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arbitrage
trans_list: arbitrage
sense:
(finance) A market activity in which a security, commodity, currency or other tradable item is bought in one market and sold simultaneously in another, in order to profit from price differences between the markets.


lexentry: eng/arbitrary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arbitrary
trans_list: arbitraire
sense:
(usually, of a decision) Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.


lexentry: eng/arbitration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arbitration
trans_list: arbitrage
sense:
A process through which two or more parties use an arbitrator or arbiter in order to resolve a dispute.


lexentry: eng/arbitration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: arbitration
trans_list: arbitrage
sense:
In general, a form of justice where both parties designate a person whose ruling they will accept formally. More specifically in Market Anarchist (market anarchy) theory, arbitration designates the process by which two agencies pre-negotiate a set of common rules in anticipation of cases where a customer from each agency is involved in a dispute.


lexentry: eng/arbor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arbor
trans_list: abri de jardin
sense:
A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.


lexentry: eng/arbutin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arbutin
trans_list: arbutine
sense:
(organic compound) A glycoside of hydroquinone, found in bearberry, that is used to treat some diseases of the urinary tract


lexentry: eng/arc__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arc
trans_list: arc de courbe | arc
sense:
(geometry) A continuous part of the circumference of a circle (circular arc) or of another curve. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/arc__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: arc
trans_list: arc
sense:
(electrics) A flow of current across an insulating medium; especially a hot, luminous discharge between either two electrodes or as lightning. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/arc_welding__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arc welding
trans_list: soudure à l’arc
sense:
(metallurgy) The process of welding two pieces of metal together using the heat generated by an electric arc between two electrodes.


lexentry: eng/arccosine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arccosine
trans_list: arc cosinus
sense:
(trigonometry) Any of several single-valued or multivalued functions that are inverses of the cosine function.


lexentry: eng/archaeastronomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archaeastronomy
trans_list: archéoastronomie
sense:
(astronomy, archaeology) The historical, especially archeological, study of astronomy; the study of the astronomical systems and methods of ancient cultures often embracing the astrology and cosmology of the past.


lexentry: eng/archaeolithic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archaeolithic
trans_list: archéolithique
sense:
(archaeology) Of or relating to the earliest Stone Age; applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic.


lexentry: eng/archaeomagnetism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archaeomagnetism
trans_list: archéomagnétisme
sense:
(geology, physics) Magnetism of the Earth in the geologic past; the study and measurement of this magnetism in order to date a specimen with iron.


lexentry: eng/archaeometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archaeometry
trans_list: archéométrie
sense:
(archaeology) The application of techniques and methodologies of the natural sciences to archaeology, mostly for dating, analysis, survey and confirmation of provenance or authenticity.


lexentry: eng/archaeophyte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archaeophyte
trans_list: archaéofyte
sense:
(botany) A plant which was introduced to an area by humans (or arrived naturally, but from an area in which it was present as a human introduction) and became naturalized before 1500 C.E. (but especially in prehistoric times).


lexentry: eng/archangel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archangel
trans_list: archange
sense:
A powerful angel that leads many other angels, but is still loyal to a deity, and often seen as belonging to a particular archangelical rank or order within a greater hierarchy of angels. (Judeo-Christian examples: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel).


lexentry: eng/archbishop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archbishop
trans_list: archevêque
sense:
A senior bishop who is in charge of an archdiocese, and presides over a group of dioceses called a province (in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, etc.)


lexentry: eng/archdeacon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archdeacon
trans_list: archidiacre
sense:
(Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy) A senior administrative official in a diocese, just under the bishop, often in charge of an archdeaconry. As a title, it can be filled by either a deacon or priest.


lexentry: eng/archdiocese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archdiocese
trans_list: archidiocèse
sense:
(Christianity) An area administered by an archbishop; the ecclesiastical hierarchy of this area, also under the archbishop.


lexentry: eng/archduchess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archduchess
trans_list: archiduchesse
sense:
A daughter or granddaughter of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, or the wife of a son or grandson of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary


lexentry: eng/archeopteryx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archeopteryx
trans_list: archéoptéryx
sense:
A specimen of the species Archaeopteryx lithographica, being the earliest and most primitive known bird, representing a transition in the evolution of dinosaurs to birds.


lexentry: eng/archerfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archerfish
trans_list: poisson archer
sense:
Any of the species of fish in the family Toxotidae (usually with sole genus Toxotes), who prey on small animals near to the surface of a water by shooting them with water from their mouths.


lexentry: eng/archetype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archetype
trans_list: archétype
sense:
An original model of which all other similar concepts, objects, or persons are merely copied, derivative, emulated, or patterned; a prototype. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/archetype__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: archetype
trans_list: archétype
sense:
(psychology) According to Swiss psychologist Carl Jung: a universal pattern of thought, present in an individual's unconscious, inherited from the past collective experience of humanity.


lexentry: eng/archimandrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archimandrite
trans_list: archimandrite
sense:
(Eastern Orthodoxy) The superior of a large monastery, or group of monasteries, in the Orthodox Church.


lexentry: eng/archiphoneme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archiphoneme
trans_list: archiphonème
sense:
(phonology) A unit representing two or more underlying phonemes, where the distinction between them has been neutralized under certain conditions.


lexentry: eng/architect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: architect
trans_list: architecte
sense:
A professional who designs buildings or other structures, or who prepares plans and superintends construction.


lexentry: eng/architecture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: architecture
trans_list: architecture
sense:
The art and science of designing and managing the construction of buildings and other structures, particularly if they are well proportioned and decorated.


lexentry: eng/architranseme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: architranseme
trans_list: architransème
sense:
(translation studies) A theoretical common denominator used in the comparison of a source text and its target text.


lexentry: eng/archive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archive
trans_list: archives
sense:
A place for storing earlier, and often historical, material. An archive usually contains documents (letters, records, newspapers, etc.) or other types of media kept for historical interest.


lexentry: eng/archivist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archivist
trans_list: archiviste
sense:
One who is in charge of, or performs the task of creating, collecting, cataloguing, organising, and archives.


lexentry: eng/archosaur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: archosaur
trans_list: archosaure
sense:
A reptile of the taxon Archosauria, which includes modern crocodilians and birds, as well as the extinct pterosaurs, non-avian dinosaurs and other taxa.


lexentry: eng/arcology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arcology
trans_list: arcologie
sense:
(urban studies, uncountable) Urban development theory proposed by Paolo Soleri involving three-dimensional building methods and efficient use of space and resources.


lexentry: eng/arcsine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arcsine
trans_list: arc sinus
sense:
(trigonometry) Any of several single-valued or multivalued functions that are inverses of the sine function. Symbol: arcsin, sin−1


lexentry: eng/arctangent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arctangent
trans_list: arc tangente
sense:
(trigonometry) Any of several single-valued or multivalued functions that are inverses of the tangent function. Symbol: arctan, tan-1


lexentry: eng/arctic_fox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arctic fox
trans_list: renard polaire
sense:
Vulpes lagopus, a fox of the family Canidae, living in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/arctic_hare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arctic hare
trans_list: lièvre arctique
sense:
A North-American hare of species Lepus arcticus, that is white, usually year round, found in the Arctic.


lexentry: eng/arctic_raspberry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arctic raspberry
trans_list: framboise arctique | framboisier nain
sense:
A species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family and bearing a dark red, sweet fruit; Rubus arcticus, native to arctic, subarctic, and alpine regions.


lexentry: eng/arcus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: arcus
trans_list: arc
sense:
(entomology) An elastic band around the base of the arolium, a pad at the end of the leg of certain insects


lexentry: eng/are__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: are
trans_list: are
sense:
(rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.


lexentry: eng/are_you_allergic_to_any_medications__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: are you allergic to any medications
trans_list: es-tu allergique à certains médicaments? | êtes-vous allergique à certains médicaments?
sense:
Asked mostly by doctors and nurses to ascertain whether certain medications should not be given to patients.


lexentry: eng/are_you_doing_anything_tomorrow__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: are you doing anything tomorrow
trans_list: as-tu quelque chose de prévu demain?
sense:
Asks if someone is busy tomorrow, possibly to invite them to do something if they are available. ("Tomorrow" can be replaced by other dates, such as "are you doing anything on the weekend", etc.)


lexentry: eng/are_you_taking_any_medications__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: are you taking any medications
trans_list: prends-tu des médicaments? | prenez-vous des médicaments?
sense:
Asked mostly by doctors and nurses to ascertain whether certain drugs should not be given to patients, as they may interact adversely with other medications.


lexentry: eng/are_your_ears_burning__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: are your ears burning
trans_list: quand on parle du loup
sense:
(idiomatic, colloquial, rhetorical question) Asked of somebody who was not present but was the topic of discussion.


lexentry: eng/area_code__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: area code
trans_list: indicatif | préfixe
sense:
(US, Australia, Philippines) A prefix appended to a telephone number indicating the geographical area.


lexentry: eng/arena__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arena
trans_list: arène
sense:
An enclosed area, often outdoor, for the presentation of sporting events (sports arena) or other spectacular events; earthen area, often oval, specifically for rodeos (North America) or circular area for bullfights (especially Hispanic America).


lexentry: eng/arena__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arena
trans_list: aréna | arène
sense:
The building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts.


lexentry: eng/areography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: areography
trans_list: aréographie
sense:
(astronomy, geography) The scientific study of the planet Mars' geographical features; geography of Mars.


lexentry: eng/arginine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arginine
trans_list: arginine
sense:
An amino acid found in animal foods that plays an important role in several physiological processes.


lexentry: eng/argon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: argon
trans_list: argon
sense:
The chemical element (symbol Ar) with an atomic number of 18. The third most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, it is a colourless, odourless, inert noble gas.


lexentry: eng/argonaut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: argonaut
trans_list: argonaute
sense:
Any of several species of shelled octopods of the family Argonautidae (of which only the genus Argonauta is not extinct).


lexentry: eng/arguable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arguable
trans_list: défendable | justifiable | soutenable
sense:
That can be argued; that can be proven or strongly supported with sound logical deduction, precedent, and evidence.


lexentry: eng/arguably__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arguably
trans_list: peut-être | possiblement | probablement | sans doute
sense:
As can be supported or proven by sound logical deduction, evidence, and precedent, but without absolute certainty.


lexentry: eng/argyria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: argyria
trans_list: argyrie
sense:
(dermatology) A condition caused by excessive exposure to chemical compounds of the element silver, or to silver dust, the most dramatic symptom of which being that the skin turns purple or purple-grey.


lexentry: eng/aria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aria
trans_list: aria
sense:
(music) A musical piece written typically for a solo voice with orchestral accompaniment in an opera or cantata.


lexentry: eng/arise__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: arise
trans_list: apparaitre | naitre | surgir
sense:
To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself.


lexentry: eng/aristocrat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aristocrat
trans_list: aristocrate
sense:
One of the aristocracy, nobility, or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble (originally in Revolutionary France).


lexentry: eng/arithmetic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arithmetic
trans_list: arithmétique
sense:
The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.


lexentry: eng/arithmetic_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arithmetic geometry
trans_list: géométrie arithmétique
sense:
(mathematics) A developing branch of mathematics in which techniques of algebraic geometry are applied to number theory, in particular being concerned with schemes of finite type over the spectrum of the ring of integers, Spec(ℤ).


lexentry: eng/arithmetic_mean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arithmetic mean
trans_list: moyenne arithmétique
sense:
(statistics, probability) The measure of central tendency of a set of values computed by dividing the sum of the values by their number.


lexentry: eng/arithmetic_operation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arithmetic operation
trans_list: opération arithmétique
sense:
(arithmetic, computing) Any one of the four basic operations in arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication or division; any one of said operations as implemented on a computer.


lexentry: eng/arithmetic_progression__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arithmetic progression
trans_list: série arithmétique
sense:
(analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by adding a constant value, known as the common difference of the arithmetic progression.


lexentry: eng/ark__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ark
trans_list: arche
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Noah's ark: the ship built by Noah to save his family and a collection of animals from the deluge.


lexentry: eng/arkose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arkose
trans_list: arkose
sense:
(geology) A sedimentary rock consisting of small fragments of feldspar and quartz similar to a coarse sand.


lexentry: eng/arm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arm
trans_list: bras
sense:
The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and sometimes including the hand.


lexentry: eng/arm__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: arm
trans_list: bras
sense:
A long, narrow, more or less rigid part of an object extending from the main part or centre of the object, such as the arm of an armchair, a crane, a pair of spectacles or a pair of compasses.


lexentry: eng/arm__Verb__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arm
trans_list: armer
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To supply with the equipment, knowledge, authority, or other tools needed for a particular task; to furnish with capability; to equip.


lexentry: eng/arm_wrestling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arm wrestling
trans_list: bras de fer
sense:
A strength sport with two participants, in which each participant grips the other's hand and tries to pin the other's arm onto a surface.


lexentry: eng/armadillo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: armadillo
trans_list: tatou
sense:
Any of the burrowing mammals covered with bony, jointed, protective plates, order Cingulata, found in the Americas, especially in South America.


lexentry: eng/armatole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: armatole
trans_list: armatole
sense:
(historical) A Greek armed mercenary who enforced Ottoman rule in Greece from the 15th century onwards; during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), many armatoloi became pro-independence guerrilla fighters opposed to Ottoman rule.


lexentry: eng/armed_conflict__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: armed conflict
trans_list: conflit armé
sense:
(international law, military) A contested incompatibility that entails the use of armed force between two parties including a territory, the government of a state, or both.


lexentry: eng/armed_forces__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: armed forces
trans_list: forces armées
sense:
The military forces of a nation, such as the army, navy, air force, marines, and sometimes, coastguard or border guard, which are tasked with the defence of the nation and its citizens, if necessary through use of deadly force.


lexentry: eng/armet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: armet
trans_list: armet
sense:
A type of mediaeval helmet which fully enclosed the head and face, first found in the 1420s in Milan.


lexentry: eng/armillary_sphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: armillary sphere
trans_list: sphère armillaire
sense:
An instrument consisting of graduated metal circles used to represent the motions of celestial bodies around the earth.


lexentry: eng/arming__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arming
trans_list: armement
sense:
The act of supplying (oneself or others) with armor and (now especially) arms and ammunition in preparation for a conflict; the act of providing with the means of defense and attack.


lexentry: eng/armor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: armor
trans_list: armure
sense:
(uncountable) A protective layer over a body, vehicle, or other object intended to deflect or diffuse damaging forces.


lexentry: eng/arms__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arms
trans_list: armoiries
sense:
(heraldry) A visual design composed according to heraldic rules, consisting of a coat of arms normally displayed upon an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of an achievement


lexentry: eng/arms_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arms control
trans_list: contrôle des armements
sense:
Restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation, and usage of weapons, especially weapons of mass destruction.


lexentry: eng/arms_race__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arms race
trans_list: course aux armements
sense:
A competition for military supremacy between two powers, especially for the most weapons and the best military technology.


lexentry: eng/army__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: army
trans_list: armée
sense:
A large, highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground (rather than air or naval) operations.


lexentry: eng/army_ant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: army ant
trans_list: fourmi légionnaire
sense:
A tropical nomadic ant, principally in the subfamiles Dorylinae and Leptanillinae, that preys on other insects.


lexentry: eng/arnica__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arnica
trans_list: arnica | arnica des montagnes
sense:
Any of several plants, of the genus Arnica, considered to have medicinal properties, especially Arnica montana.


lexentry: eng/aromatherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aromatherapy
trans_list: aromathérapie
sense:
(alternative medicine) The use of selected fragrances in lotions and inhalants in an effort to affect mood and promote health.


lexentry: eng/arpeggio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arpeggio
trans_list: arpège
sense:
(music) The notes of a chord played individually instead of simultaneously, usually moving from lowest to highest.


lexentry: eng/arraignment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arraignment
trans_list: lecture de l'acte d'accusation
sense:
(legal) The formal charging of a defendant with an offense; in many jurisdictions it includes their response in the form of a plea, typically as guilty, not guilty, or no contest.


lexentry: eng/arranged_marriage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arranged marriage
trans_list: mariage arrangé
sense:
The marriage (union) of two people planned by someone other than the two people who are united in it.


lexentry: eng/array__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: array
trans_list: tableau
sense:
(programming) Any of various data structures designed to hold multiple elements of the same type; especially, a data structure that holds these elements in adjacent memory locations so that they may be retrieved using numeric indices.


lexentry: eng/arrest__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: arrest
trans_list: arrêter
sense:
(transitive) To seize (someone) with the authority of the law; to take into legal custody. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/arrest_warrant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arrest warrant
trans_list: mandat d'arrêt | mandat d'arrestation
sense:
(legal) An official document that authorizes law-enforcement officials to arrest a named person and to bring that individual before a court of law or other authority.


lexentry: eng/arrha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arrha
trans_list: arrhes
sense:
(legal, historical) Money or some other valuable item given to evidence a contract; a pledge or earnest.


lexentry: eng/arris__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: arris
trans_list: arête
sense:
(archaeology) A ridge formed on the surface of flaked stone, such as a arrowhead or hand axe, as the result of the intersection of two or more flake removals.


lexentry: eng/arroba__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arroba
trans_list: a commercial
sense:
(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of mass, varying by time, location, and substance but generally around 11.5 kilograms.


lexentry: eng/arrogance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arrogance
trans_list: arrogance | orgueil
sense:
The state of being arrogant; a type of extreme or foolish pride in which someone feels much superior to another.


lexentry: eng/arrow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arrow
trans_list: flèche
sense:
A projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.


lexentry: eng/arrowroot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arrowroot
trans_list: arrow-root
sense:
(countable, uncountable) Maranta arundinacea from the Marantaceae family, a large perennial herb native to the Caribbean area with green leaves about 15 centimeters long. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/arrowword__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arrowword
trans_list: mots fléchés
sense:
A kind of crossword puzzle with the clues written in the grid, accompanied by arrows that indicate the position and direction of the answers.


lexentry: eng/arroyo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arroyo
trans_list: cadereau
sense:
A dry creek or streambed, a gulch which temporarily or seasonally fills and flows (after sufficient rain).


lexentry: eng/arsehole__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arsehole
trans_list: trou du cul | trouduc | con
sense:
(mildly vulgar, offensive) An inconsiderate or mean-spirited person. Less vulgar and intense than fucker or cunt.


lexentry: eng/arsenal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arsenal
trans_list: arsenal
sense:
A military establishment for the storing, development, manufacturing, testing, or repairing of arms, ammunition, and other war materiel; an armoury.


lexentry: eng/arsenic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arsenic acid
trans_list: acide arsénique
sense:
(inorganic compound) A poisonous, white crystalline compound, H3AsO4, formed from arsenic pentoxide and water; it has the same structure as phosphoric acid, and is used in the manufacture of arsenates.


lexentry: eng/arsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: arsis
trans_list: arsis
sense:
(poetry) The stronger part of a metrical foot: the part containing the long (heavy) syllable in quantitative meter, or the stressed syllable in a qualitative meter.


lexentry: eng/arsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: arsis
trans_list: arsis
sense:
(music) The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar, opposed to the thesis.


lexentry: eng/art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: art
trans_list: art
sense:
(uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.


lexentry: eng/art_director__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: art director
trans_list: directeur artistique | directrice artistique
sense:
A person who supervises and unifies the vision of an artistic production, including its visual appearance and psychological appeal to a target audience.


lexentry: eng/artemisia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artemisia
trans_list: armoise
sense:
Any of many aromatic flowering plants of the genus Artemisia, including wormwood, sagebrush, and tarragon, often used as traditional medicine, oral contraceptive and flavouring.


lexentry: eng/artery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artery
trans_list: artère
sense:
(anatomy) Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.


lexentry: eng/arthritis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arthritis
trans_list: arthrite
sense:
Inflammation of a joint or joints causing pain and/or disability, swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders.


lexentry: eng/arthropod__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arthropod
trans_list: arthropode
sense:
An invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages.


lexentry: eng/artichoke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artichoke
trans_list: artichaut
sense:
A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.


lexentry: eng/artichoke_heart__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artichoke heart
trans_list: cœur d'artichaut
sense:
The edible base of an artichoke, prepared by removing the outer leaves and the inedible choke covering it.


lexentry: eng/article__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: article
trans_list: article
sense:
A piece of nonfiction writing such as a story, report, opinion piece, or entry in a newspaper, magazine, journal, encyclopedia, etc.


lexentry: eng/article__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: article
trans_list: article
sense:
(grammar) A part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English). In some languages the article may appear as an ending (e.g. definite article in Swedish) or there may be none (e.g. Russian, Pashto).


lexentry: eng/article__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: article
trans_list: article
sense:
A section of a legal document, bylaws, etc. or, in the plural, the entire document seen as a collection of these.


lexentry: eng/articulated_bus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: articulated bus
trans_list: autobus articulé | bus accordéon
sense:
A bus fitted with a joint, which is covered by an accordion-shaped weatherproofing, to increase its manoeuvrability.


lexentry: eng/artifact__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: artifact
trans_list: construction
sense:
A finding or structure in an experiment or investigation that is not a true feature of the object under observation, but is a result of external action, the test arrangement, or an experimental error.


lexentry: eng/artifact__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: artifact
trans_list: artefact | artéfact
sense:
(archaeology) An object, such as a tool, ornament, or weapon of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation.


lexentry: eng/artificial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: artificial
trans_list: artificiel
sense:
Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc.


lexentry: eng/artificial_insemination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artificial insemination
trans_list: insémination artificielle
sense:
(biology, medicine) The introduction of semen into the uterus or cervix of a female by a means other than copulation.


lexentry: eng/artificial_intelligence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artificial intelligence
trans_list: intelligence artificielle
sense:
(computer science) The branch of computer science dealing with the reproduction or mimicking of human-level intelligence, self-awareness, knowledge, conscience, thought in computer programs.


lexentry: eng/artificial_intelligence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artificial intelligence
trans_list: intelligence artificielle
sense:
The essential quality of a machine which thinks in a manner similar to or on the same general level as a real human being.


lexentry: eng/artificial_respiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artificial respiration
trans_list: respiration artificielle
sense:
(medicine) The manual or mechanical forcing of air into the lungs of a person who is not breathing in order to maintain life.


lexentry: eng/artificial_selection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artificial selection
trans_list: sélection artificielle
sense:
(evolutionary theory) Intervention by humans in the breeding of plants or animals in order to preserve selected genetic traits.


lexentry: eng/artillery__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: artillery
trans_list: artillerie
sense:
An army unit that uses such weapons, or a military formation using projectile weapons, such as archers.


lexentry: eng/artiodactyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artiodactyl
trans_list: artiodactyle
sense:
(zoology) Any ungulate mammal with an even number of toes and belonging to the Artiodactyla, including pigs, sheep, deer, cattle, and most grazing animals. In contrast, horses have an odd number of toes and as such are not Artiodactyla, but Perissodactyla. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/artistic_gymnastics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artistic gymnastics
trans_list: gymnastique artistique
sense:
(sport) A discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90 seconds) on different apparatus, with less time for vaulting


lexentry: eng/artistic_licence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: artistic licence
trans_list: licence artistique
sense:
Any departure from convention or from factual accuracy taken by an artist to achieve a desired effect.


lexentry: eng/arugula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arugula
trans_list: roquette
sense:
One of three yellowish-flowered Mediterranean herbs of the mustard family with flavoured leaves, often eaten in salads. Has a distinct, peppery flavor:


lexentry: eng/arum_lily__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: arum lily
trans_list: arum | arum blanc
sense:
Any of several flowering plants, of the family Araceae, but especially Zantedeschia aethiopica, the calla lily that has a showy white spathe.


lexentry: eng/as__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: as
trans_list: que
sense:
(dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if. [to 19th century]


lexentry: eng/as__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: as
trans_list: en tant que | comme
sense:
(law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.


lexentry: eng/as__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: as
trans_list: comme | as | en tant que | puisque | lorsque | quand
sense:
(numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.


lexentry: eng/as_far_as_one_knows__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as far as one knows
trans_list: pour autant que je sache
sense:
(idiomatic) To the best of one's knowledge, as far as someone knows about the topic, subject, aspect, or situation.


lexentry: eng/as_if_there_were_no_tomorrow__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as if there were no tomorrow
trans_list: comme si sa vie en dépendait
sense:
(idiomatic) To an excessive degree, oftentimes with little to no regard to future consequences; desperately; recklessly or wantonly; frantically; very quickly or very much.


lexentry: eng/as_is__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as is
trans_list: tel quel | telle quelle | telles quelles | tels quels
sense:
(idiomatic, of an object) as it is; in its present state or condition, especially as a contractual condition of sale.


lexentry: eng/as_it_were__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: as it were
trans_list: pour ainsi dire
sense:
Used to indicate that a word or statement is perhaps not exact though practically right; as if it were so.


lexentry: eng/as_much_as__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as much as
trans_list: rien moins que
sense:
Practically, just as, no less than; indicates an action tantamount to, but not identical to, the action described.


lexentry: eng/as_of__Preposition__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as of
trans_list: à partir de | à compter de
sense:
(idiomatic) At or by a specified time, with the implication that the said condition will be true from that time onward.


lexentry: eng/as_of_right__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as of right
trans_list: de plein droit
sense:
(legal) By virtue of an entitlement or authority which arises from certain legal conditions or circumstances; by operation of law.


lexentry: eng/as_opposed_to__Preposition__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as opposed to
trans_list: par opposition à
sense:
in contrast to, rather than, instead of; particularly used in defining a concept by providing an example that does not fall inside the concept.


lexentry: eng/as_the_case_may_be__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as the case may be
trans_list: le cas échéant | selon le cas
sense:
As is appropriate to the circumstances; particularly where a choice must be made between two options.


lexentry: eng/as_the_crow_flies__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as the crow flies
trans_list: à vol d'oiseau
sense:
(idiomatic) In a straight line distance between two locations, as opposed to the road distance or over land distance.


lexentry: eng/as_you_sow,_so_shall_you_reap__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as you sow, so shall you reap
trans_list: vous récolterez ce que vous semez
sense:
The consequences of one's actions to oneself are in proportion to one's good or bad intentions towards others.


lexentry: eng/as_you_were__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: as you were
trans_list: repos
sense:
(military) Disregard the previous partial command or order and return to the most recent formal command or order.


lexentry: eng/asafoetida__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asafoetida
trans_list: ase fétide
sense:
A resinous gum from the stem and roots of Ferula species such as Ferula foetida and Ferula assa-foetida, having a strong, unpleasant smell, with culinary and medical uses. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/asarabacca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asarabacca
trans_list: asaret
sense:
An acrid herbaceous plant, Asarum europaeum, the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic.


lexentry: eng/asbestos__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asbestos
trans_list: amiante | asbeste
sense:
(mineral) Any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate, used for fireproofing, electrical insulation, building materials, brake linings, chemical filters, suits, fireman's gloves, etc.


lexentry: eng/ascendant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ascendant
trans_list: ascendant
sense:
(astrology, also, figurative) The degree of the zodiac or point of the ecliptic which rises in an eastern direction above the horizon at a particular moment (especially the moment of a person's birth), which is supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's fortune and life; a horoscope.


lexentry: eng/ascent__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ascent
trans_list: montée
sense:
The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line; inclination; gradient; steepness


lexentry: eng/ascetic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ascetic
trans_list: ascète
sense:
One who is devoted to the practice of self-denial, either through seclusion or stringent abstinence.


lexentry: eng/ascites__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ascites
trans_list: ascite
sense:
(medicine) An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, frequently symptomatic of liver disease.


lexentry: eng/ascomycete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ascomycete
trans_list: ascomycète
sense:
(mycology) Any fungus of the phylum Ascomycota, characterized by the production of a sac, or ascus, which contains non-motile spores.


lexentry: eng/ascorbic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ascorbic acid
trans_list: acide ascorbique
sense:
(vitamin) A white crystalline organic compound, C6H8O6, found in citrus fruits and many vegetables; it is an antioxidant and an efficient scavenger of free radicals.


lexentry: eng/ascription__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ascription
trans_list: attribution
sense:
The act, or an instance, of ascribing a quality, characteristic, quotation, artistic work, or other thing to someone or something.


lexentry: eng/ascus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ascus
trans_list: asque
sense:
(mycology) A sac-shaped cell present in ascomycete fungi; it is a reproductive cell in which meiosis and an additional cell division produce eight spores.


lexentry: eng/aseity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aseity
trans_list: aséité
sense:
(theology, metaphysics, usually ascribed to deity) The attribute of being entirely self-derived, in contrast to being derived from or dependent on another; the quality of having within oneself the entire reason for one's being; utter independent self-existence and self-sustenance.


lexentry: eng/asexual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: asexual
trans_list: asexuel
sense:
(especially, of a person) Not experiencing sexual attraction; lacking interest in or desire for sex.


lexentry: eng/ashcan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ashcan
trans_list: cendrier | poubelle
sense:
A container for ashes, used in times past for accumulating ashes generated from wood and coal fires, for eventual disposal elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/ashlar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ashlar
trans_list: pierre de taille
sense:
(architecture) Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring.


lexentry: eng/ashram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ashram
trans_list: ashram
sense:
(Hinduism) A secluded religious hermitage inhabited by gurus, or the population of such a hermitage.


lexentry: eng/ashugh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ashugh
trans_list: amoureux
sense:
A mystic bard, balladeer, or troubadour in the South Caucasus, Iran or Turkey who accompanied their songs with a long-necked lute (saz).


lexentry: eng/ashy__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ashy
trans_list: cendreux
sense:
Resembling ashes (especially in colour); (of a person’s complexion) unusually pale as a result of strong emotion, illness, etc.


lexentry: eng/aside__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aside
trans_list: aparté | en passant | soit dit en passant
sense:
An incidental remark to a person next to one made discreetly but not in private, audible only to that person. (theatre) A brief comment by a character addressing the audience, unheard by other characters.


lexentry: eng/askari__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: askari
trans_list: askari
sense:
(historical) A member of a local African military or police unit, usually one serving in a European colonial force.


lexentry: eng/asking_price__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asking price
trans_list: prix offert
sense:
(finance) The list price or sticker price of an item; the price without any discounts or incentives.


lexentry: eng/aspartame__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspartame
trans_list: aspartame
sense:
(organic compound) An artificial sweetener, the methyl ester of a dipeptide formed from aspartic acid and phenylalanine, used in many processed foods and beverages.


lexentry: eng/aspartic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspartic acid
trans_list: acide aspartique
sense:
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, L-α-amino-succinic acid, aminobutanedioic acid, found in animal protein and in sugar beet etc (C4H7NO4).


lexentry: eng/aspect-oriented__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspect-oriented
trans_list: orienté aspect
sense:
(computing) Describing a system which has been written so that different subsystems appear to add themselves to the main business logic without that logic having to include them explicitly.


lexentry: eng/aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: aspect
trans_list: aspect
sense:
(grammar) A grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/aspect_ratio__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aspect ratio
trans_list: facteur de forme | rapport de forme
sense:
The ratio of width to height in a flat surface or 2-dimensional abstract construction, such as an image, character, or pixel.


lexentry: eng/aspen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspen
trans_list: tremble
sense:
The asp tree; a kind of poplar tree (genus Populus sect. Populus). A medium-size tree with thin, straight trunks of a greenish-white color.


lexentry: eng/aspergillum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspergillum
trans_list: goupillon
sense:
(Christianity) An implement, in the form of a brush, or of a rod with a perforated container, for sprinkling holy water; a holy water sprinkler.


lexentry: eng/aspersion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspersion
trans_list: calomnie
sense:
An attack on somebody's reputation or good name, often in the phrase to cast aspersions upon…. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/asphalt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asphalt
trans_list: asphalte
sense:
A sticky, black to brown and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of bitumen with small mineral particles, that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits.


lexentry: eng/asphodel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asphodel
trans_list: asphodèle
sense:
Any of the flowering plants of the family Asphodelaceae, especially Asphodelus ramosus and Asphodelus albus; the flower of these plants.


lexentry: eng/asphyxia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: asphyxia
trans_list: asphyxie
sense:
Loss of consciousness due to the body's inability to deliver oxygen to its tissues, either by the breathing of air lacking oxygen or by the inability of the blood to carry oxygen.


lexentry: eng/asphyxia__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: asphyxia
trans_list: asphyxie
sense:
(medicine, obsolete) A condition in which an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body leads to loss of consciousness or death. Replaced in the mid-20th century by the more specific terms anoxia, hypoxia, hypoxemia and hypercapnia.


lexentry: eng/aspidochelone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspidochelone
trans_list: aspidochélon
sense:
A fabled sea creature according to the tradition of the Physiologus and medieval bestiaries, variously described as a large whale or vast sea turtle, and a giant sea monster with huge spines on the ridge of its back. It is often mistaken for an island, enticing unwitting sailors and drowning them.


lexentry: eng/aspirate_mutation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspirate mutation
trans_list: mutation spirante
sense:
An alteration of the initial consonant of a word which occurs in certain Celtic languages under particular linguistic circumstances.


lexentry: eng/aspirated_h__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspirated h
trans_list: h aspiré
sense:
(French phonology) In the French language, usage of the letter h at the start of a word which does not allow liaison with a preceding consonant or elision of a preceding schwa.


lexentry: eng/aspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aspiration
trans_list: aspiration
sense:
The act of aspiring or ardently desiring; an ardent wish or desire, chiefly after what is elevated or spiritual (with common adjunct adpositions being to and of).


lexentry: eng/asplenia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asplenia
trans_list: asplénie
sense:
(biology, medicine) Physiological absence of splenic function; either substantial or total splenic dysfunction; splenic nonfunction.


lexentry: eng/ass-kisser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ass-kisser
trans_list: fayot | lèche-pompes | suce-boules
sense:
(North America, vulgar, slang) Someone who kisses ass (who acts obsequiously in order to gain another's favor).


lexentry: eng/ass-licker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ass-licker
trans_list: lèche-cul | cire-pompes | lèche-bottes
sense:
(US, vulgar, slang) Someone who succumbs to authority, doing whatever authority figures ask and attempting to please them in every possible way.


lexentry: eng/ass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ass
trans_list: âne
sense:
Any of several species of horse-like animals, especially Equus asinus, the domesticated of which are used as beasts of burden.


lexentry: eng/ass__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ass
trans_list: cul | fesse
sense:
(vulgar, slang, objectifying, uncountable) Sex; a person to have sex with; with vulgar emphasis on their corporeality (their body) over their personhood.


lexentry: eng/assassin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assassin
trans_list: assassin
sense:
(historical, , usually, capitalized) A member of the Nizari Ismaili Muslim community of the Alamut Period.


lexentry: eng/assassin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: assassin
trans_list: assassin | assassine
sense:
Someone who intentionally kills a person, especially a professional who kills a public or political figure.


lexentry: eng/assassinate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assassinate
trans_list: assassiner
sense:
To murder someone, especially an important person, by a sudden or obscure attack, especially for ideological or political reasons. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/assassinate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: assassinate
trans_list: assassiner
sense:
(figuratively) To harm, ruin, or defame severely or destroy by treachery, slander, libel, or obscure attack.


lexentry: eng/assault_rifle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assault rifle
trans_list: fusil d'assaut
sense:
A military select-fire rifle or carbine that fires a shortened rifle caliber round or lower-power smaller-calibre round, from a high-capacity magazine.


lexentry: eng/assay__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: assay
trans_list: dosage | essai
sense:
The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.


lexentry: eng/assegai__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assegai
trans_list: sagaie | zagaie
sense:
A slim hardwood spear or javelin with an iron tip, especially those used by Bantu peoples of Southern Africa.


lexentry: eng/assembler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assembler
trans_list: assembleur
sense:
(programming, countable) A program that reads source code written in assembly language and produces executable machine code, possibly together with information needed by linkers, debuggers and other tools.


lexentry: eng/assembly_language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assembly language
trans_list: langage d'assemblage
sense:
(computer languages) A programming language in which the source code of programs is composed of mnemonic instructions, each of which corresponds directly to a machine instruction for a particular processor.


lexentry: eng/assembly_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assembly line
trans_list: ligne de montage
sense:
(manufacturing) A system of workers and machinery in which a product is assembled in a series of consecutive operations; typically the product is conveyed by a continuously moving belt


lexentry: eng/assert__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: assert
trans_list: affirmer | asseoir | attester
sense:
(reflexive) To insist on the legitimacy of one's rights, opinion, etc; not to allow oneself to be dismissed; to ensure that one is taken into consideration; to make oneself respected; to be assertive. See assert oneself.


lexentry: eng/assertion__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: assertion
trans_list: affirmation
sense:
(finance) the set of information that the statement preparer is providing in a financial statement audit.


lexentry: eng/asshole__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: asshole
trans_list: trou du cul | connard
sense:
(vulgar, pejorative) A jerk; an inappropriately or objectionably mean, inconsiderate, contemptible, obnoxious, intrusive, stupid, and/or rude person.


lexentry: eng/assimilation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: assimilation
trans_list: assimilation
sense:
(phonology) A sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.


lexentry: eng/assimilation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: assimilation
trans_list: assimilation
sense:
(sociology, cultural studies) The adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture.


lexentry: eng/assistant_referee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assistant referee
trans_list: arbitre de touche
sense:
(soccer, British) : One of the two officials at an association football match, previously known as linesmen, who assist the referee.


lexentry: eng/assisted_suicide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assisted suicide
trans_list: suicide assisté
sense:
Suicide with the help of another person; especially suicide of a terminally ill person with the help of a physician.


lexentry: eng/assistive_technology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assistive technology
trans_list: aide
sense:
Umbrella term that includes adaptive, assistive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities.


lexentry: eng/associate's_degree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: associate's degree
trans_list: baccalauréat
sense:
An academic degree awarded after the equivalent of approximately two years of college education, usually by a community college.


lexentry: eng/associate_professor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: associate professor
trans_list: maître de conférences
sense:
(education) A teacher in a higher education institution who ranks above an assistant professor and below a professor.


lexentry: eng/association__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: association
trans_list: association
sense:
(statistics) Any relationship between two measured quantities that renders them statistically dependent (but not necessarily causal or a correlation).


lexentry: eng/association__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: association
trans_list: association
sense:
(object-oriented programming) Relationship between classes of objects that allows one object instance to cause another to perform an action on its behalf.


lexentry: eng/association__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: association
trans_list: association
sense:
(Philippines, Chinese Filipino) A benevolent overseas Chinese organization of popular origin for overseas Chinese individuals with the same surname or trade or business.


lexentry: eng/association_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: association football
trans_list: football | soccer
sense:
A ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent.


lexentry: eng/associative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: associative
trans_list: associatif
sense:
(algebra, of a binary operator *) Such that, for any operands a, b and c, (a * b) * c = a * (b * c); (of a ring, etc.) whose multiplication operation is associative.


lexentry: eng/associative_array__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: associative array
trans_list: dictionnaire | table d'association | tableau associatif
sense:
(computing) An array-like data structure where the indices (called keys) are not limited to integers.


lexentry: eng/assonance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: assonance
trans_list: assonance
sense:
(prosody) The repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds (though with different consonants), usually in literature or poetry.


lexentry: eng/assumption__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: assumption
trans_list: hypothèse | supposition
sense:
The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; a supposition; an unwarrantable claim.


lexentry: eng/assurance__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: assurance
trans_list: assurance
sense:
(insurance) Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death. Assurance is used in relation to life contingencies, and insurance in relation to other contingencies. It is called temporary assurance, in the time within which the contingent event must happen is limited.


lexentry: eng/assure__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: assure
trans_list: assurer
sense:
(transitive, followed by that or of) To give (someone) confidence in the trustworthiness of (something).


lexentry: eng/asterism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: asterism
trans_list: astérisme
sense:
A rarely used typographical symbol (⁂, three asterisks arranged in a triangle), used to call attention to a passage or to separate subchapters in a book.


lexentry: eng/asterism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: asterism
trans_list: astérisme
sense:
(mineralogy) A star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals by reflected light (as in a star sapphire) or by transmitted light (as in some mica).


lexentry: eng/asteroid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asteroid
trans_list: astéroïde
sense:
(astronomy) A naturally occurring solid object, which is smaller than a planet, larger than a meteoroid and not a comet, that orbits a star and often has an irregular shape.


lexentry: eng/asteroid_belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asteroid belt
trans_list: ceinture d’astéroïdes | ceinture d'astéroïdes
sense:
(astronomy) The main asteroid belt, the region of the orbital plane of the Solar System located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter which is occupied by numerous minor planets (asteroids) and the dwarf planet Ceres.


lexentry: eng/asteronym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asteronym
trans_list: astéronyme
sense:
(typography, rare) An asterism (⁂) or similar symbol which replaces the name of the author in a literary work.


lexentry: eng/asthma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asthma
trans_list: asthme
sense:
(pathology) A long-term respiratory condition, in which the airways may unexpectedly and suddenly narrow, often in response to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.


lexentry: eng/astigmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astigmatism
trans_list: astigmatisme
sense:
(optics) A defect of a lens such that light rays coming from a point do not meet at a focal point so that the image is blurred.


lexentry: eng/astigmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: astigmatism
trans_list: astigmatisme
sense:
(pathology) A disorder of the vision, usually due to a misshapen cornea, such that light does not focus correctly on the retina causing a blurred image.


lexentry: eng/astrological_sign__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astrological sign
trans_list: signe | signe astrologique | signe du zodiaque
sense:
(astrology) Any of twelve signs, corresponding to constellations, that are used as the basis of astrology


lexentry: eng/astrology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astrology
trans_list: astrologie
sense:
Divination about human affairs or natural phenomena from the relative positions of celestial bodies. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/astrometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astrometry
trans_list: astrométrie
sense:
(astronomy) The branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the positions and motions of celestial bodies, particularly stars.


lexentry: eng/astronaut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astronaut
trans_list: astronaute
sense:
A member of the crew of a spaceship or other spacecraft that travels beyond Earth's atmosphere, or someone trained to serve that purpose.


lexentry: eng/astronomer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astronomer
trans_list: astronome
sense:
One who studies astronomy, the stars or the physical universe; a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics


lexentry: eng/astronomical_unit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astronomical unit
trans_list: unité astronomique
sense:
(astronomy) 149,597,870,700 metres, the approximate mean distance from the Earth to the Sun (the semi-major axis of Earth's orbit), (symbol AU), used to measure distances in the solar system.


lexentry: eng/astronomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astronomy
trans_list: astronomie
sense:
The study of the physical universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere, including the process of mapping locations and properties of the matter and radiation in the universe.


lexentry: eng/astrophotography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astrophotography
trans_list: astrophotographie
sense:
(astronomy, photography) The photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events or areas of the night sky.


lexentry: eng/astrophysics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: astrophysics
trans_list: astrophysique
sense:
The branch of astronomy or physics that deals with the physical properties of celestial bodies and with the interaction between matter and radiation in celestial bodies and in the space between them.


lexentry: eng/asylum__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: asylum
trans_list: asile psychiatrique
sense:
(dated) A place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill.


lexentry: eng/asylum_seeker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asylum seeker
trans_list: demandeur d'asile | demandeuse d'asile
sense:
A person who has applied for asylum in a foreign country but has not yet been granted refugee status by that country.


lexentry: eng/asymmetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asymmetry
trans_list: asymétrie
sense:
Absence of symmetry or proportion between the parts of a thing, or a distinction that produces such a lack of symmetry.


lexentry: eng/asymptote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asymptote
trans_list: asymptote
sense:
(analysis) A straight line which a curve approaches arbitrarily closely as it goes to infinity. The limit of the curve; its tangent "at infinity".


lexentry: eng/asynchronous_transfer_mode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: asynchronous transfer mode
trans_list: ATM | mode de transfert asynchrone
sense:
A broadband voice and data technology with quality (class) of service QoS transmission for sending and receiving voice, data, and multimedia information over a fiber-optic network.


lexentry: eng/at__Preposition__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: at
trans_list: à
sense:
(indicating time) Indicating occurrence in an instant of time or a period of time relatively short in context or from the speaker's perspective.


lexentry: eng/at_a_loss_for_words__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: at a loss for words
trans_list: bouche bée
sense:
(idiomatic) Having nothing to say; not knowing what to say; stunned to the point of being speechless.


lexentry: eng/at_all__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: at all
trans_list: du tout
sense:
(idiom) Indicating degree, quantity or frequency greater than zero: to the slightest degree, in any way, at any time or in any circumstance.


lexentry: eng/at_the_feet_of__Preposition__1
sense_num: 03
sense: Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ feet,‎ of. Situated near the feet of.
written_rep: at the feet of
trans_list:
aux pieds de | dans le droit fil de | de l'atelier de | de l'école de | de la filiation de | de la suite de


lexentry: eng/ataman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ataman
trans_list: ataman
sense:
(historical) A title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. The term was also used for the leader of a fisherman artel and of a band of robbers or thieves.


lexentry: eng/atavism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atavism
trans_list: atavisme
sense:
The reappearance of an ancestral characteristic in an organism after several generations of absence; a throwback.


lexentry: eng/atavistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atavistic
trans_list: atavique
sense:
(biology) Of the recurrence of a trait reappearing after an absence of one or more generations due to a chance recombination of genes.


lexentry: eng/athame__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: athame
trans_list: athamé
sense:
A ceremonial pointed knife or dagger, used especially in Wicca and other neopagan traditions and typically having a black handle with magical symbols on it. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/athanor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: athanor
trans_list: athanor
sense:
(historical) A furnace or stove designed and used to maintain uniform heat, primarily used by alchemists. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/atheism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atheism
trans_list: athéisme
sense:
(broadly) A lack of belief in deities, or a belief that there is insufficient evidence to believe in a god.


lexentry: eng/atheist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atheist
trans_list: athée | athéiste
sense:
(broadly) A person who doubts the existence of deities (therefore, an agnostic may be considered an atheist).


lexentry: eng/atheist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atheist
trans_list: athée | athéiste
sense:
(narrowly) A person who is certain that no deities exist or who thinks that the existence of deities can be disproven.


lexentry: eng/atherosclerosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atherosclerosis
trans_list: athérosclérose
sense:
(pathology) The clogging or hardening of arteries or blood vessels caused by plaques (accumulations of fatty deposits, usually cholesterol).


lexentry: eng/athetosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: athetosis
trans_list: athétose
sense:
(symptom) A series of involuntary writhing movements of the limbs, typically bilateral and symmetric and predominantly affecting the distal parts of the limbs.


lexentry: eng/athlete's_foot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: athlete's foot
trans_list: pied d’athlète | intertrigo inter-orteils | mycose des pieds
sense:
(disease) A fungal infection of the skin of the foot, usually between the toes, caused by pathogen fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, syn. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum


lexentry: eng/athlete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: athlete
trans_list: athlète
sense:
A participant in a group of sporting activities which includes track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking.


lexentry: eng/athlete__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: athlete
trans_list: athlète | sportif | sportive
sense:
(US, Canada) A person who actively participates in physical sports, especially with great skill; a sportsperson.


lexentry: eng/athletics__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: athletics
trans_list: athlétisme
sense:
(sports, especially US) Physical activities such as sports and games requiring stamina, fitness and skill.


lexentry: eng/athwartships__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: athwartships
trans_list: par le travers
sense:
(nautical) Across the vessel sideways, i.e. in a direction at right angles to the fore-and-aft line of the vessel.


lexentry: eng/atlas__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: atlas
trans_list: atlas
sense:
(anatomy) The uppermost vertebra of the cervical spine in the neck in humans and some other animals.


lexentry: eng/atlatl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atlatl
trans_list: propulseur
sense:
A spearthrower consisting of a wooden stick with a thong or perpendicularly protruding hook on the rear end that grips a grove or socket on the butt of its accompanying spear (or dart), intended to steady the spear immediately prior to throwing, to increase its potential range when thrown, and to increase its force of penetration of the target. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/atmosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: atmosphere
trans_list: ambience
sense:
(figuratively) The conditions (such as music, illumination etc.) that can influence the mood felt in an environment.


lexentry: eng/atmosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: atmosphere
trans_list: atmosphère
sense:
A unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa (symbol: atm), approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level.


lexentry: eng/atoll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atoll
trans_list: atoll
sense:
a type of island consisting of a ribbon reef that nearly or entirely surrounds a lagoon and supports, in most cases, one to many islets on the reef platform. Atolls have a unique geology, so not all islands with a reef and a lagoon are atolls.


lexentry: eng/atom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atom
trans_list: atome
sense:
(chemistry, physics) The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/atom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: atom
trans_list: atome
sense:
(history of science) A hypothetical particle posited by Greek philosophers as an ultimate and indivisible component of matter. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/atom__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: atom
trans_list: atome
sense:
(mathematics) A non-zero member of a partially ordered set that has only zero below it (assuming that the poset has a least element, its "zero"). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/atomic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: atomic
trans_list: atomique | indivisible
sense:
(computing, of an operation) Guaranteed to complete either fully or not at all while waiting in a pause, and running synchronously when called by multiple asynchronous threads.


lexentry: eng/atomic_clock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atomic clock
trans_list: horloge atomique
sense:
An extremely accurate reference clock whose operation is based on an atomic process, typically the frequency of electromagnetic radiation associated with a specified energy-level transition in an element such as cesium.


lexentry: eng/atomic_nucleus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atomic nucleus
trans_list: noyau atomique
sense:
(physics) A nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.


lexentry: eng/atomic_weight__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: atomic weight
trans_list: masse atomique | masse atomique relative | poids atomique
sense:
(physics) A term used to represent the mean relative atomic mass of an element in nature, as distinct from the relative atomic mass of a single isotope.


lexentry: eng/atomicity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atomicity
trans_list: atomicité
sense:
(historical) Synonym of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)


lexentry: eng/atomism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atomism
trans_list: atomisme
sense:
(philosophy) The ancient Greek theory that all matter is composed of very small indestructible and indivisible particles.


lexentry: eng/atomizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atomizer
trans_list: atomiseur
sense:
An instrument for reducing a liquid to spray or vapor for disinfecting, cooling, medical use or perfume spraying.


lexentry: eng/atone__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atone
trans_list: expier
sense:
(ambitransitive) To make reparation, compensation, amends or satisfaction for an offence, crime, mistake or deficiency. [from 1680s]


lexentry: eng/atonement__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: atonement
trans_list: expiation | réconciliation | réparation
sense:
(theology, often with capitalized initial) The reconciliation of God and mankind through the death of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/atopic_dermatitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atopic dermatitis
trans_list: dermatite atopique
sense:
(pathology) An atopic, hereditary, and non-contagious skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin.


lexentry: eng/atrial_fibrillation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atrial fibrillation
trans_list: fibrillation atriale | fibrillation auriculaire
sense:
(pathology) A cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) that involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart.


lexentry: eng/atrium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atrium
trans_list: atrium
sense:
(architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.


lexentry: eng/atrium__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: atrium
trans_list: atrium
sense:
(architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.


lexentry: eng/atrium__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: atrium
trans_list: oreillette | atrium
sense:
(palynology) A cavity inside a porate aperture of a pollen grain formed by the separation of the sexine and nexine layers, widening toward the interior of the grain.


lexentry: eng/atrophy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atrophy
trans_list: atrophie
sense:
(pathology) A reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease, injury or lack of use. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/atropine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atropine
trans_list: atropine
sense:
(poison, pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid extracted from the plant deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other sources, such as the seeds of the thorn-apple. Though overdoses would be fatal it is used as a drug in medicine for its paralytic effects (e.g. in surgery to relax muscles, in dentistry to dry the mouth, in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils).


lexentry: eng/attack__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: attack
trans_list: attaquer | apostropher | invectiver
sense:
(transitive) To begin to affect; to act upon injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.


lexentry: eng/attack__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: attack
trans_list: attaquer
sense:
(soccer) To move forward in an active attempt to score a point, as opposed to trying not to concede.


lexentry: eng/attack_helicopter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attack helicopter
trans_list: hélicoptère d'attaque | hélicoptère de combat
sense:
(military) An armed helicopter with the offensive capability of engaging ground targets such as enemy infantry, military vehicles, and fortifications. [from 1950s]


lexentry: eng/attain__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: attain
trans_list: atteindre
sense:
(transitive) To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at (a place, time, state, etc.).


lexentry: eng/attainment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attainment
trans_list: obtention
sense:
The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; the act of obtaining by exertion or effort.


lexentry: eng/attend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attend
trans_list: aller | fréquenter
sense:
(archaic, transitive) To listen to (something or someone); to pay attention to; regard; heed. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/attending__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attending
trans_list: médecin-chef
sense:
(North America) A physician on the staff of a hospital, especially the principal one that supervises a patient's care.


lexentry: eng/attention__Interjection__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: attention
trans_list: attention
sense:
A call for people to be quiet/stop doing what they are presently doing and pay heed to what they are to be told or shown.


lexentry: eng/attention__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: attention
trans_list: attention | attentions
sense:
(countable) An action or remark expressing concern for or interest in someone or something, especially romantic interest.


lexentry: eng/attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
trans_list: TDAH | trouble du déficit de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité
sense:
(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) A developmental disorder in which a person has a persistent pattern of impulsiveness and inattention, with or without a component of hyperactivity.


lexentry: eng/attention_span__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attention span
trans_list: capacité de concentration
sense:
The length of time, or span that one can pay attention, or concentrate on one topic without becoming distracted.


lexentry: eng/attention_whore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attention whore
trans_list: m’as-tu-vu
sense:
(derogatory, vulgar, idiomatic) An individual that routinely solicits attention through inappropriate tactics and provocation.


lexentry: eng/attenuation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: attenuation
trans_list: atténuation
sense:
(physics) A reduction in the level of some property with distance, especially the amplitude of a wave or the strength of a signal.


lexentry: eng/attestation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attestation
trans_list: attestation
sense:
A thing that serves to bear witness, confirm, or authenticate; validation, verification, documentation.


lexentry: eng/attestation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: attestation
trans_list: attestation
sense:
(linguistics, of a language, word, word form, or word meaning) An appearance in print or otherwise recorded on a permanent medium.


lexentry: eng/attic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attic
trans_list: grenier | mansarde | combles
sense:
The space, often unfinished and with sloped walls, directly below the roof in the uppermost part of a house or other building, generally used for storage or habitation.


lexentry: eng/atto-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: atto-
trans_list: atto-
sense:
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−18 (short scale quintillionth or long scale trillionth). Symbol: a


lexentry: eng/attorney-in-fact__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attorney-in-fact
trans_list: fondé de pouvoir
sense:
(US, legal) An agent of the person giving him/her the power of attorney (for a specific purpose or for general purposes) to act on his or her behalf. The attorney-in-fact’s power and responsibilities depend on the specific powers granted in the power of attorney document.


lexentry: eng/attorney__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: attorney
trans_list: mandataire
sense:
(obsolete, outside, set phrases) An agent or representative authorized to act on someone else's behalf.


lexentry: eng/attorney_general__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attorney general
trans_list: procureur général
sense:
A major government officer throughout the English-speaking world, generally responsible for interpreting the law for the head of government and executive department and functioning as chief prosecutor, with the ability to bring civil and criminal actions directly.


lexentry: eng/attractor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: attractor
trans_list: attracteur
sense:
(mathematics, physics) A set of points or states to which a dynamical system evolves after a long enough time. That is, points that get close enough to the attractor remain close even if slightly disturbed.


lexentry: eng/attributive_noun__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: attributive noun
trans_list: nom épithète
sense:
(grammar, when referring to a language other than English) A noun denoting bearer of a quality or an attribute of a subject, in reference to the lexical morpheme from which it is derived.


lexentry: eng/attrition__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: attrition
trans_list: départs volontaires
sense:
(human resources) A gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through injury, incapacitation, retirement, resignation, or death.


lexentry: eng/attrition_bias__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: attrition bias
trans_list: biais d'attrition
sense:
A type of selection bias in statistical analysis, caused by loss of participants (attrition) in the course of a study; the subjects that do not run into completion of the study may differ systematically of those who do.


lexentry: eng/au_pair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: au pair
trans_list: fille au pair | garçon au pair | jeune au pair
sense:
A single girl (or, rarely, a boy), usually a foreigner, who helps a host family with childcare, housework, or both while staying as a guest with a host family, and generally receives a small allowance (or pocket money).


lexentry: eng/auctioneer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auctioneer
trans_list: commissaire-priseur
sense:
A person who conducts an auction on behalf of a vendor, taking bids to find the best price for the vendor.


lexentry: eng/audacity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: audacity
trans_list: audace | culot
sense:
Fearlessness, intrepidity or daring, especially with confident disregard for personal safety, conventional thought, or other restrictions.


lexentry: eng/audiation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: audiation
trans_list: audiation
sense:
(music) The comprehension and internal realization of music by an individual in the absence of any physical sound. [from 1970s]


lexentry: eng/audience__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: audience
trans_list: public | auditoire | assistance
sense:
A group of people within hearing; specifically, a large gathering of people listening to or watching a performance, speech, etc. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/audience_hall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: audience hall
trans_list: salle d'audience
sense:
A room in which a ruler or religious official holds audience (i.e. a formal meeting with a dignitary).


lexentry: eng/audio_guide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: audio guide
trans_list: audioguide
sense:
Any of various forms of apparatus, either fixed or mobile, used to provide audio information at an exhibition, archeological site etc.


lexentry: eng/audiobook__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: audiobook
trans_list: livre audio | livre sonore
sense:
A recording, usually made available for sale, of a reading of the full text or of an abridgement of a book.


lexentry: eng/audiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: audiology
trans_list: audiologie
sense:
An allied health profession pertaining to the assessment and rehabilitation of hearing and balance disorders.


lexentry: eng/audiometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: audiometry
trans_list: Audiometrie
sense:
(medicine) The quantitative assessment of a person's hearing ability, especially by means of an audiometer.


lexentry: eng/audit__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: audit
trans_list: audit
sense:
An independent review and examination of records and activities to assess the adequacy of system controls, to ensure compliance with established policies and operational procedures, and to recommend necessary changes in controls, policies, or procedures


lexentry: eng/augite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: augite
trans_list: augite
sense:
(mineral) A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt.


lexentry: eng/augment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: augment
trans_list: augment
sense:
(Indo-European languages) In some languages, a prefix *é- (अ- in Sanskrit, ἐ- in Greek) indicating a past tense of a verb.


lexentry: eng/augment__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: augment
trans_list: augmenter [[l']]intervalle
sense:
(music) To increase an interval, especially the largest interval in a triad, by a half step (chromatic semitone).


lexentry: eng/augmentation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: augmentation
trans_list: augmentie
sense:
(heraldry) A particular mark of honour, granted by the sovereign in consideration of some noble action, or by favour; and either quartered with the family arms, or on an escutcheon or canton.


lexentry: eng/augur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: augur
trans_list: augure
sense:
A diviner who foretells events by the behaviour of birds or other animals, or by signs derived from celestial phenomena, or unusual occurrences.


lexentry: eng/augur__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: augur
trans_list: augurer
sense:
To foretell events; to exhibit signs of future events; to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable outcome.


lexentry: eng/auletris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auletris
trans_list: aulétride
sense:
(historical) A courtesan or prostitute in Ancient Greece who played the flute to provide entertainment.


lexentry: eng/aunt__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aunt
trans_list: tante | tatie
sense:
(affectionate) A woman of an older generation than oneself, especially a friend of one's parents, by means of fictive kin.


lexentry: eng/aurora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aurora
trans_list: aurore polaire
sense:
An atmospheric phenomenon created by charged particles from the sun striking the upper atmosphere, creating coloured lights in the sky. It is usually named australis or borealis based on whether it is in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere respectively.


lexentry: eng/auscultation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auscultation
trans_list: auscultation
sense:
(medicine) Diagnosis of disorders by listening to the sounds of the internal organs, usually using a stethoscope.


lexentry: eng/austerity__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: austerity
trans_list: austérité
sense:
(economics) A policy of deficit-cutting, which by definition requires lower spending, higher taxes, or both.


lexentry: eng/autarky__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: autarky
trans_list: autarcie
sense:
(uncountable) (A policy of) national economic self-sufficiency, aimed at ending reliance on foreign imports to sustain a domestic economy.


lexentry: eng/auteur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auteur
trans_list: auteur
sense:
A creative artist, especially a film director, seen as having a specific, recognisable artistic vision, and who is seen as the single or preeminent ‘author’ of their works.


lexentry: eng/authenticate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: authenticate
trans_list: authentifier
sense:
(transitive) To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit.


lexentry: eng/authenticity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: authenticity
trans_list: authenticité
sense:
The quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original, of having the same origin (or attribution, commitment, intention, etc.) as claimed.


lexentry: eng/authoritarian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: authoritarian
trans_list: autoritaire
sense:
Of, or relating to, or exhibiting strict obedience to an authority; favoring authoritarianism over civic and individual liberties.


lexentry: eng/authoritarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: authoritarianism
trans_list: autoritarisme
sense:
A form of government in which the governing body has absolute, or almost absolute, control. Typically this control is maintained by force, and little heed is paid to public opinion or the judicial system.


lexentry: eng/authority__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: authority
trans_list: autorité
sense:
(uncountable) Power or right to make or enforce rules or give orders; or a position having such power or right.


lexentry: eng/authorization__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: authorization
trans_list: autorisation
sense:
(uncountable) The state of being authorized to do something or to be somewhere; formally granted permission.


lexentry: eng/authorize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: authorize
trans_list: autoriser
sense:
(transitive) To grant (someone) the permission or power necessary to do (something); to permit; to sanction or consent to.


lexentry: eng/autism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autism
trans_list: autisme
sense:
(clinical psychology) A pervasive neurological condition that is observable in early childhood and persists throughout the lifespan, characterised by atypical communication, language development, eye contact, and sensory experiences.


lexentry: eng/autism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: autism
trans_list: autisme
sense:
(clinical psychology, obsolete) A diagnosis involving a pathological tendency to engage in self-centered fantasy thinking, historically considered a symptom of insanity and/or schizophrenia.


lexentry: eng/autism_spectrum_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autism spectrum disorder
trans_list: trouble du spectre autistique | trouble du spectre de l'autisme
sense:
(psychology, pathology) A disorder involving any of a range of psychological conditions, all characterized by abnormal social interaction and communication, restricted interests, highly repetitive behaviour, and eccentricity.


lexentry: eng/auto-reply__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auto-reply
trans_list: réponse automatique
sense:
(email, computing, uncountable) A feature in e-mail software that sends automatic replies, used for instance when the recipient of a message is on holiday.


lexentry: eng/auto_racing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auto racing
trans_list: course automobile
sense:
(motor racing) Any of various sports in which automobiles (motor cars) are raced, either around a track, on roads or across country


lexentry: eng/auto_show__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auto show
trans_list: salon automobile
sense:
(automotive) A typically annual or semiannual public event for exhibition of automobiles and automobile designs.


lexentry: eng/autoboxing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autoboxing
trans_list: autoboxing
sense:
(object-oriented programming) Automatic boxing, the implicit conversion of primitive data types to wrapper objects.


lexentry: eng/autobus__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: autobus
trans_list: autobus | gruppetto
sense:
(by extension, cycle racing) A large group of cyclists who have fallen behind the peloton in a race.


lexentry: eng/autocephaly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autocephaly
trans_list: autocéphalie
sense:
(Christianity) The condition where a church's leaders have severed ties to a larger body and thus no longer report to a higher authority.


lexentry: eng/autochory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autochory
trans_list: autochorie
sense:
(ecology) Self-dispersal of seeds, the physical and often explosive discharge of seeds from the fruit.


lexentry: eng/autoclave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autoclave
trans_list: autoclave
sense:
A strong, pressurized, heated vessel, as for laboratory experiments, sterilization, cooking or mineral processing.


lexentry: eng/autocorrelation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autocorrelation
trans_list: autocorrélation
sense:
(statistics, signal processing) The cross-correlation of a signal with itself: the correlation between values of a signal in successive time periods.


lexentry: eng/autocratic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autocratic
trans_list: autocratique
sense:
Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.


lexentry: eng/autocross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autocross
trans_list: autocross
sense:
A form of motorsport that tests the skill and speed of a driver over a course marked out with traffic cones


lexentry: eng/autofocus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autofocus
trans_list: autofocus
sense:
(electronics, photography) A feature of some cameras and other optical systems that allows a correct focus on the subject to be obtained automatically


lexentry: eng/autogamy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autogamy
trans_list: autogamie
sense:
Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.


lexentry: eng/autogenic_training__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autogenic training
trans_list: training autogène
sense:
A type of self-hypnotic relaxation technique developed by German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz.


lexentry: eng/autogiro__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autogiro
trans_list: autogire
sense:
(aircraft) An aircraft in which lift is provided by unpowered rotating wings and thrust is provided by a conventional propeller.


lexentry: eng/autoharp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autoharp
trans_list: autoharpe
sense:
A string instrument having a series of chord bars attached to dampers (muting bars) which mute all the strings other than those that form the desired chord.


lexentry: eng/autolysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autolysis
trans_list: autolyse
sense:
(pathology, cytology) The destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes produced by the organism itself.


lexentry: eng/automagical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: automagical
trans_list: automagique
sense:
(computing, technology, informal) Automatic, but with an apparent element of magic. Commonly referring to complex technical processes hidden from the view of users or operators, resulting in technology that "just works".


lexentry: eng/automated_machine_learning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: automated machine learning
trans_list: apprentissage automatique
sense:
(artificial intelligence) A field of study concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques of automating the end-to-end process of machine learning and artificial intelligence.


lexentry: eng/automated_teller_machine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: automated teller machine
trans_list: distributeur de billets | distributeur automatique de billets | guichet automatique bancaire
sense:
(banking) A device that provides bank customers with cash withdrawal and other services without the need for a human teller.


lexentry: eng/automatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: automatic
trans_list: automatique
sense:
(of a firearm such as a machine gun) Firing continuously as long as the trigger is pressed until ammunition is exhausted.


lexentry: eng/automatic_transmission__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: automatic transmission
trans_list: boite de vitesses automatique
sense:
(automotive) A vehicle transmission which shifts gears automatically in response to vehicle speed and/or load, and does not require any driver input to manually change gears under normal driving conditions; an automatic gearbox.


lexentry: eng/automation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: automation
trans_list: automatisation | automation
sense:
The act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls.


lexentry: eng/automaton__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: automaton
trans_list: automate
sense:
A person who acts like a machine or robot, often defined as having a monotonous lifestyle and lacking in emotion.


lexentry: eng/automobile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: automobile
trans_list: voiture | automobile | char | auto
sense:
(US, Canada) A type of vehicle designed to move on the ground under its own stored power and intended to carry a driver, a small number of additional passengers, and a very limited amount of other load. A car or motorcar.


lexentry: eng/autonomous_sensory_meridian_response__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autonomous sensory meridian response
trans_list: réponse autonome sensorielle culminante
sense:
A frisson characterized by a tingling sensation on the skin that typically begins on the scalp and moves down the back of the neck and upper spine.


lexentry: eng/autonomous_vehicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autonomous vehicle
trans_list: voiture autonome | véhicule autonome
sense:
A vehicle which utilizes mechatronics, artificial intelligence and a multi-agent system to assist its human operator.


lexentry: eng/autophagy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autophagy
trans_list: autophagie
sense:
(cytology) The process of self-digestion by a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell. Often a defensive and/or self-preservation measure.


lexentry: eng/autopilot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autopilot
trans_list: pilote automatique
sense:
(aviation, nautical) A mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being.


lexentry: eng/autoplasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autoplasty
trans_list: autoplastie | greffe
sense:
(medicine, surgery, dated) The process of artificially repairing lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or wounds. In present-day contexts likelier to be called autotransplantation or autografting.


lexentry: eng/autoregressive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autoregressive
trans_list: autorégressif
sense:
(statistics) Employing autoregression, using a weighted sample of past data to predict future results


lexentry: eng/autoregulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autoregulation
trans_list: autorégulation
sense:
(biology) Any of several physiological processes in which an inhibitory feedback system counteracts change.


lexentry: eng/autotelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autotelic
trans_list: autotélique
sense:
(psychology, of an activity, process, person or personality) Containing its own meaning or purpose; deriving meaning and purpose from within.


lexentry: eng/autotelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: autotelic
trans_list: autotélique
sense:
(arts, of a work of art or literature) Not motivated by anything beyond itself; thematically self-contained.


lexentry: eng/autotomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autotomy
trans_list: autotomie
sense:
(chiefly, _, zoology) The spontaneous removal of a limb, tail etc, especially by some invertebrates as a self-defense mechanism.


lexentry: eng/autotroph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autotroph
trans_list: autotrophe
sense:
(ecology) Any organism that can synthesize its food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy.


lexentry: eng/autotrophy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autotrophy
trans_list: autotrophie
sense:
(biology) The synthesis of food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy


lexentry: eng/autumn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autumn
trans_list: automne
sense:
Traditionally the third of the four seasons, when deciduous trees lose their leaves; typically regarded as being from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and the months of March, April and May in the Southern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/autumn__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: autumn
trans_list: automne
sense:
(fashion) A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.


lexentry: eng/autumnal_equinox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: autumnal equinox
trans_list: équinoxe d'automne
sense:
(astronomy) The moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator while tilting away from the observer, taking place in September in the northern hemisphere and March in the southern hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/auxiliary_cruiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auxiliary cruiser
trans_list: croiseur auxiliaire
sense:
(military, nautical) An armed merchantman, typically used as a commerce raider or as a convoy escort.


lexentry: eng/auxiliary_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auxiliary verb
trans_list: verbe auxiliaire | auxiliaire
sense:
(grammar) A verb that accompanies the main verb in a clause in order to make distinctions in tense, mood, voice or aspect.


lexentry: eng/auxin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: auxin
trans_list: auxine
sense:
(botany) A class of plant growth substance (often called phytohormones or plant hormones) which play an essential role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in the plant life cycle.


lexentry: eng/avail__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: avail
trans_list: servir | profiter | saisir
sense:
(intransitive) To be of use or advantage; to answer or serve the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object.


lexentry: eng/avalanche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: avalanche
trans_list: avalanche
sense:
A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.


lexentry: eng/avalanche__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: avalanche
trans_list: avalanche
sense:
(by extension) A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx; anything like an avalanche in suddenness and overwhelming quantity.


lexentry: eng/avania__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: avania
trans_list: avanie
sense:
(historical) A tax or fee imposed on foreigners under the Ottoman Empire, especially one considered to be irregular or extortionate.


lexentry: eng/avaricious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: avaricious
trans_list: avare
sense:
Actuated by avarice; extremely greedy for wealth or material gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.


lexentry: eng/avatar__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: avatar
trans_list: avatar | allégorie | emblème | incarnation | matérialisation | personnification
sense:
(computing, video games, metaverse) A complex and dynamic digital representation of a person or being in the form of a digital model, used online as a simulation or emulation of a person, or as a person's online alter ego, in a virtual world, virtual chat room, or metaverse.


lexentry: eng/avenge__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: avenge
trans_list: venger
sense:
(transitive) To take vengeance (for); to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.


lexentry: eng/aventurine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aventurine
trans_list: aventurine
sense:
(mineral, by extension) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.


lexentry: eng/avenue__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: avenue
trans_list: avenue | allée
sense:
The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.


lexentry: eng/aver__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aver
trans_list: affirmer
sense:
(ambitransitive) To assert the truth of (something); to affirm (something) with confidence; to declare (something) in a positive manner.


lexentry: eng/aversion_therapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aversion therapy
trans_list: thérapie aversive
sense:
A form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort.


lexentry: eng/aviary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aviary
trans_list: volière
sense:
A house, enclosure, large cage, or other place for keeping birds confined; a birdhouse. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/aviator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aviator
trans_list: aviateur | aviatrice
sense:
An aircraft pilot, especially a military pilot. The use of the word may imply claims of superior airmanship, as in navy aviator vs. air force pilot.


lexentry: eng/avocet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: avocet
trans_list: avocette
sense:
Any of four species of wading birds in the genus Recurvirostra, of the family Recurvirostridae, with long, slender recurved bills, long legs, and webbed feet. It is the logo of the RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds)


lexentry: eng/avoidance__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: avoidance
trans_list: évitement
sense:
(obsolete) The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant, specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.


lexentry: eng/avow__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: avow
trans_list: avouer | confesser
sense:
(transitive) To declare openly and boldly, as something believed to be right; to own, acknowledge or confess frankly.


lexentry: eng/award__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: award
trans_list: prix | médaille | trophée
sense:
A trophy or medal; something that denotes an accomplishment, especially in a competition. A prize or honor based on merit.


lexentry: eng/award__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: award
trans_list: accorder | décerner
sense:
(transitive, legal) To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case.


lexentry: eng/awash__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: awash
trans_list: inondé
sense:
Washed by the waves or tide (of a rock or strip of shore, or of an anchor, etc., when flush with the surface of the water, so that the waves break over it); covered with water.


lexentry: eng/awayday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: awayday
trans_list: séminaire
sense:
(British) A business event, such as a team-building exercise, training course or internal meeting, that takes place away from the office without the usual distractions.


lexentry: eng/awl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: awl
trans_list: alêne | alène
sense:
A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc.


lexentry: eng/awning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: awning
trans_list: marquise | auvent
sense:
A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.


lexentry: eng/ax_to_grind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ax to grind
trans_list: intention cachée | intentions cachées
sense:
(American spelling) A proposition or point of view to advocate, especially motivated by self-interest.


lexentry: eng/axe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axe
trans_list: hache | cognée
sense:
A tool for felling trees or chopping wood etc. consisting of a heavy head flattened to a blade on one side, and a handle attached to it.


lexentry: eng/axe__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: axe
trans_list: gratte
sense:
(slang, music) A gigging musician's particular instrument, especially a guitar in rock music or a saxophone in jazz.


lexentry: eng/axil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axil
trans_list: aisselle
sense:
(botany) The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.


lexentry: eng/axillary_hair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axillary hair
trans_list: cheveux d'aisselles
sense:
(uncountable) Androgenic hair growing in the armpit, normally beginning at the onset of, or shortly after, pubarche.


lexentry: eng/axino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axino
trans_list: axino
sense:
(physics) A hypothetical elementary particle, the fermionic superpartner of the axion and a possible candidate for the composition of dark matter.


lexentry: eng/axiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axiology
trans_list: axiologie
sense:
(uncountable, philosophy) The study of value(s), as regards origin, nature, functions, types, and interrelations; value theory.


lexentry: eng/axiom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axiom
trans_list: axiome
sense:
(philosophy) A seemingly self-evident or necessary truth which is based on assumption; a principle or proposition which cannot actually be proved or disproved.


lexentry: eng/axiom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: axiom
trans_list: axiome
sense:
(logic, mathematics, proof theory) A fundamental assumption that serves as a basis for deduction of theorems; a postulate (sometimes distinguished from postulates as being universally applicable, whereas postulates are particular to a certain science or context).


lexentry: eng/axiom_of_choice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axiom of choice
trans_list: axiome du choix
sense:
(set theory) One of the axioms of set theory, equivalent to the statement that an arbitrary direct product of non-empty sets is non-empty; any version of said axiom, for example specifying the cardinality of the number of sets from which choices are made.


lexentry: eng/axion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axion
trans_list: axion
sense:
(physics) A hypothetical subatomic particle postulated to resolve certain symmetry problems concerning the strong nuclear force.


lexentry: eng/axis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axis
trans_list: axe
sense:
(geometry) An imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry).


lexentry: eng/axis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: axis
trans_list: axe
sense:
(mathematics) A fixed one-dimensional figure, such as a line or arc, with an origin and orientation and such that its points are in one-to-one correspondence with a set of numbers; an axis forms part of the basis of a space or is used to position and locate data in a graph (a coordinate axis)


lexentry: eng/axis_of_evil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axis of evil
trans_list: axe du mal
sense:
A group of states accused by George W. Bush of sponsoring terrorism and seeking weapons of mass destruction, originally defined as Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.


lexentry: eng/axle_load__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axle load
trans_list: charge à l'essieu
sense:
(transport, rail) the total weight, including load carried, transferred by one axle and its wheels to a road or railway surface. This is especially important in relation to what weight road and railway structures can carry, bridges in particular.


lexentry: eng/axletree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axletree
trans_list: essieu
sense:
A bar or beam of wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on the ends of which the wheels revolve.


lexentry: eng/axon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axon
trans_list: axone
sense:
(cytology) A nerve fibre which is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, and which conducts nerve impulses away from the body of the cell to a synapse.


lexentry: eng/axonometric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: axonometric
trans_list: axonométrique
sense:
(technical drawing) Describing a projection in which the horizontal and vertical axes are to the same scale, but the third axis is reduced to allow for perspective


lexentry: eng/aye-aye__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aye-aye
trans_list: aye-aye
sense:
The lemur Daubentonia madagascariensis, a solitary nocturnal quadruped found in Madagascar and remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.


lexentry: eng/aye_aye,_sir__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aye aye, sir
trans_list: bien | commandant
sense:
(idiomatic, nautical) The correct and seamanlike reply, onboard a Royal Navy (or US Navy) ship, on receipt of an order from someone of senior rank or authority. It means "I understand the command and hasten to comply with the order."


lexentry: eng/ayin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ayin
trans_list: aïn
sense:
The sixteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).


lexentry: eng/azeotrope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azeotrope
trans_list: azéotrope
sense:
(physics) A mixture of two or more substances whose liquid and gaseous forms have the same composition (at a certain pressure); the substances cannot be separated by normal distillation.


lexentry: eng/azimuth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azimuth
trans_list: azimut
sense:
An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object.


lexentry: eng/aziridine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aziridine
trans_list: aziridine
sense:
(organic compound) A three-membered heterocycle containing two methylene groups and an imine; the nitrogen equivalent of ethylene oxide.


lexentry: eng/azo_compound__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azo compound
trans_list: composé azoïque
sense:
(chemistry) an organic compound of the general formula R-N=N-R1; they are often coloured and are the basis of many synthetic dyes; a diazene


lexentry: eng/azole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azole
trans_list: azole
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of five-membered unsaturated heterocycles having three carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and two double bonds


lexentry: eng/azotemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azotemia
trans_list: azotémie
sense:
(pathology) The accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (such as urea) that are usually excreted in the urine.


lexentry: eng/azuki_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azuki bean
trans_list: haricot azuki | haricot rouge du Japon
sense:
An annual vine (Vigna angularis), widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small bean.


lexentry: eng/azure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azure
trans_list: azur
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable) The clear blue colour of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this colour.


lexentry: eng/azurite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azurite
trans_list: azurite
sense:
(mineral) A blue vitreous mineral; a basic hydrated copper carbonate, with the chemical formula Cu2+3(CO3)2(OH)2, used since antiquity as a blue pigment or ores to extract metallic copper.


lexentry: eng/azymite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: azymite
trans_list: azymite
sense:
(Eastern Orthodoxy, historical, pejorative) One who administers the Eucharist with unleavened bread, in particular a member of the Latin Church or Roman Catholic Church.


lexentry: eng/baba_ganoush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baba ganoush
trans_list: baba ganouche
sense:
A Middle Eastern dish made from a purée of roasted aubergine (eggplant), garlic, and tahini, often eaten as a dip with bread.


lexentry: eng/babesiosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: babesiosis
trans_list: babésiose | piroplasmose
sense:
(pathology) Any of several malaria-like parasitic diseases in humans and other animals caused by Babesia, a genus of protozoa


lexentry: eng/babiroussa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: babiroussa
trans_list: babiroussa
sense:
Any large hoglike quadruped, of the genus Babyrousa, found in the East Indies, sometimes domesticated, with its upper canine teeth or tusks large and recurved.


lexentry: eng/babirusa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: babirusa
trans_list: babiroussa
sense:
Any of several mammals in the genus Babyrousa in the pig family Suidae, in which the upper tusk grows upward.


lexentry: eng/babka__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: babka
trans_list: babka
sense:
A Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins; or with some single flavoring, e.g. chocolate, lemon, etc.


lexentry: eng/baboon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baboon
trans_list: babouin
sense:
An Old World monkey of the genus Papio, having dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/baby's_breath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baby's breath
trans_list: gypsophile paniculée
sense:
A genus, Gypsophila, of about 100 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe, Asia and north Africa.


lexentry: eng/baby__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baby
trans_list: bébé | nourrisson
sense:
A very young human, particularly from birth to a couple of years old or until walking is fully mastered.


lexentry: eng/baby__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: baby
trans_list: bébé | petit
sense:
Any very young animal, especially a vertebrate; many species have specific names for their babies, such as kittens for the babies of cats, puppies for the babies of dogs, and chicks for the babies of birds. See Category:Baby animals for more.


lexentry: eng/baby__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: baby
trans_list: bébé | chou
sense:
A person's romantic partner; a term of endearment used to refer to or address one's girlfriend, boyfriend or spouse.


lexentry: eng/baby_boom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: baby boom
trans_list: babyboom
sense:
(singulare tantum) The increase in the birth rate following the return of servicemen at the end of World War II.


lexentry: eng/baby_boomer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baby boomer
trans_list: baby-boomer | baby boomer | bébé-boumeur | bébé-boumeuse
sense:
(sometimes, capitalized) A person born in the postwar years (generally considered in the United States and other Allied countries as between 1946 and the early 1960s), when there was a marked increase in birthrates throughout the Western world following the return of servicemen at the end of World War II.


lexentry: eng/baby_face__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: baby face
trans_list: gentil | héros
sense:
(professional wrestling, slang) A headlining wrestler with a persona embodying heroic or virtuous traits and who is regarded as a "good guy", especially one who is handsome and well-conditioned.


lexentry: eng/baby_hatch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baby hatch
trans_list: tour d'abandon
sense:
A place where a person (typically the mother) can bring a baby to abandon it so that somebody else can find and care for it.


lexentry: eng/baby_monitor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baby monitor
trans_list: babyphone
sense:
An intercom system that enables a person to remotely detect sounds of distress from a baby; a baby alarm.


lexentry: eng/baby_of_the_family__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: baby of the family
trans_list: benjamin | benjamine
sense:
A member of an immediate family who behaves as, or is treated as though they were the youngest member of a family.


lexentry: eng/baby_powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baby powder
trans_list: talc
sense:
An astringent powder used for preventing diaper rash, as a deodorant, and for other cosmetic purposes.


lexentry: eng/baby_shower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baby shower
trans_list: baby shower | fête prénatale
sense:
A party celebrating the pending or recent birth of a child, involving guests giving gifts (typically babycare items) to the parent(s).


lexentry: eng/babysitter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: babysitter
trans_list: baby-sitter | babysitteuse | bonne d’enfant | gardien d’enfant | gardienne d’enfant | nounou
sense:
A person who cares for one or more babies or children for a short period of time in place of their legal guardians.


lexentry: eng/babysitting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: babysitting
trans_list: baby-sitting
sense:
The work of a babysitter; the care of children in the temporary absence of their parents or guardians.


lexentry: eng/baccalaureate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: baccalaureate
trans_list: baccalauréat
sense:
A high school completion exam and qualification awarded in many countries (e.g. Finland, France, Moldova, Romania), designed to enable students to go on to higher education.


lexentry: eng/baccarat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baccarat
trans_list: baccara
sense:
(card games) A card game resembling chemin de fer with many forms - usually entailing the player(s) betting against two or three hands dealt - also bearing some similarities to blackjack.


lexentry: eng/bachelor's_button__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bachelor's button
trans_list: centaurée bleuet
sense:
(usually, in the plural) Any one of a number of plants with daisy-like, button-shaped flowers of the genus Centaurea, especially the species Centaurea cyanus.


lexentry: eng/bachelor_pad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bachelor pad
trans_list: garçonnière
sense:
(US) A nice, well-furnished dwelling where an unmarried man lives, usually by himself, but sometimes with other men.


lexentry: eng/bachelor_party__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bachelor party
trans_list: enterrement de vie de garçon | enterrement de vie de jeune garçon
sense:
(US, Canada, South Africa) A party held for a man who is about to be married, normally attended only by male friends and relatives.


lexentry: eng/bacillus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bacillus
trans_list: bacille
sense:
Any of various rod-shaped, spore-forming aerobic bacteria in the genus Bacillus, some of which cause disease.


lexentry: eng/back-formation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back-formation
trans_list: dérivation régressive | rétroformation | dérivation inverse
sense:
(uncountable, linguistics) The process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter, often by removing a morpheme (real or perceived) from the older word, such as the verb burgle, formed by removing -ar (perceived as an agent-noun suffix) from burglar.


lexentry: eng/back-seat_driver__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: back-seat driver
trans_list: mouche du coche
sense:
A person sitting (typically) in the back seat of a car issuing (unsolicited and usually unwanted) instructions to the driver.


lexentry: eng/back-seat_driver__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: back-seat driver
trans_list: mouche du coche
sense:
(figuratively) An opinionated person who offers (unsolicited and often unwanted) advice on the best way to handle a situation.


lexentry: eng/back-translation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back-translation
trans_list: rétrotraduction
sense:
(translation studies, uncountable) The process of translating a previously translated document back into the original language.


lexentry: eng/back__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: back
trans_list: derrière | postérieur
sense:
(comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the back of the mouth, near the soft palate (most often describing a vowel).


lexentry: eng/back__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back
trans_list: dos | revers | derrière | fin | fond
sense:
The rear of the body, especially the part between the neck and the end of the spine and opposite the chest and belly.


lexentry: eng/back__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: back
trans_list: arrière | reculer
sense:
(nautical, of the wind) To change direction contrary to the normal pattern; that is, to shift anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere, or clockwise in the southern hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/back_and_forth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back and forth
trans_list: va-et-vient | allées et venues
sense:
The movement (of someone or something) forward followed by a return to the same position. May refer to a concept such as an emotional state or a relationship as well as a physical thing.


lexentry: eng/back_away__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back away
trans_list: faire marche arrière | reculer
sense:
(intransitive) To move in a direction opposite to that which one is facing, keeping one's attention on the thing in front being avoided.


lexentry: eng/back_cover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back cover
trans_list: dos | quatrième de couv' | quatrième de couverture
sense:
The cover on the opposite side of the front cover of a book, magazine, etc; back of the book; associated with sports pages in publications.


lexentry: eng/back_down__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back down
trans_list: baisser d'un ton
sense:
(idiomatic) To take a less aggressive position in a conflict than one previously has or has planned to.


lexentry: eng/back_end__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: back end
trans_list: arrière-plan | back-end
sense:
(computing) That part of a hardware or software system that is farthest from the user; the internals rather than the user interface.


lexentry: eng/back_fire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back fire
trans_list: contre-feu
sense:
A small, controlled fire set in the path of a larger uncontrolled fire, in order to limit the spread of the large fire by removing its fuel.


lexentry: eng/back_in_the_day__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back in the day
trans_list: dans le temps | à l'époque
sense:
(temporal location, idiomatic, informal) In the distant past; especially, at a time fondly remembered (the good old days).


lexentry: eng/back_matter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back matter
trans_list: posttexte
sense:
The parts of a book that appear after the main portion of the body text, including the afterword, index and bibliography; the end matter.


lexentry: eng/back_scrubber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back scrubber
trans_list: lave-dos
sense:
A utensil in the form of a brush or a sponge on a long handle, used to scrub the back while bathing.


lexentry: eng/back_street__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back street
trans_list: ruelle
sense:
A usually small and narrow street or alley, especially one in inferior or poorer parts of a city, away from the centre.


lexentry: eng/back_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: back up
trans_list: sauvegarde | sauvegarder
sense:
(idiomatic, intransitive, cricket) For a fielder to position himself behind the wicket (relative to a team-mate who is throwing the ball at the wicket) so as to stop the ball, and prevent overthrows.


lexentry: eng/back_vowel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: back vowel
trans_list: voyelle postérieure
sense:
(phonetics) Any vowel sound produced in the back of the mouth, such as /uː/ in rule or /əʊ/ in pole.


lexentry: eng/backbencher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backbencher
trans_list: député de l'arrière-ban | député sans portefeuille | députée sans portefeuille | simple député
sense:
(politics) A Member of Parliament who does not have cabinet rank, and who therefore sits on one of the backbenches or in one of the back rows of the legislature.


lexentry: eng/backbend__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backbend
trans_list: pont
sense:
(gymnastics, dance) A move in which the performer bends backwards until the hands touch the floor or catches him/herself with the hands.


lexentry: eng/backbone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backbone
trans_list: épine dorsale | colonne vertébrale | rachis
sense:
The series of vertebrae, separated by disks, that encloses and protects the spinal cord, and runs down the middle of the back in vertebrate animals.


lexentry: eng/backgammon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backgammon
trans_list: backgammon
sense:
A board game for two players in which each has 15 stones which move between 24 triangular points according to the roll of a pair of dice; the object is to move all of one's pieces around, and bear them off the board.


lexentry: eng/background_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: background music
trans_list: musique d'ambiance
sense:
Any music played in a public space whose main function is to create an atmosphere suitable to a specific occasion, rather than to be listened to.


lexentry: eng/background_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: background music
trans_list: musique de fond | musique de fosse
sense:
Any music in a film, video game, or other medium that establishes mood and is not meant to have the audience's focus.


lexentry: eng/backhand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backhand
trans_list: revers
sense:
(tennis) a stroke made across the chest from the off-hand side to the racquet hand side; a stroke during which the back of the hand faces the shot.


lexentry: eng/backhander__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: backhander
trans_list: bastonnade
sense:
(surfing) A surfer who approaches a swell with the wave behind them ("on their backhand") rather than facing the wave ("on their forehand").


lexentry: eng/backheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backheel
trans_list: talonnade
sense:
(soccer) A kick played by the heel which typically travels in the opposite direction from which the player is facing.


lexentry: eng/backhoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backhoe
trans_list: rétrocaveuse | tractopelle
sense:
A piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket or scoop on the end of an articulated arm, drawn backwards to move earth. Used in excavator/digger and backhoe tractors.


lexentry: eng/backhoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: backhoe
trans_list: chargeuse-pelleteuse | pépine | rétrocaveuse | tractopelle | trax
sense:
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A multi-purpose tractor with a front-mounted loading bucket and a rear-mounted digging bucket. The tractor combines a front-end loader/loader and an excavator/digger.


lexentry: eng/backlash__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: backlash
trans_list: jeu
sense:
(mechanics) The looseness through which one part of connected machinery, such as a wheel, gear, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, or a measurement of the distance moved thereby; either intentional (as allowance) or unintentional (from error or wear).Wagon wheel structure showing felk


lexentry: eng/backpack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backpack
trans_list: sac à dos
sense:
A knapsack, sometimes mounted on a light frame, but always supported by straps, worn on a person’s back for the purpose of carrying things, especially when hiking, or on a student's back when carrying books.


lexentry: eng/backpacker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backpacker
trans_list: routard
sense:
A traveler whose luggage consists of a backpack; especially, such a traveler who uses hostels, public transport, and other inexpensive services.


lexentry: eng/backpedal__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: backpedal
trans_list: faire machine arrière | faire marche arrière | rétropédaler
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic) To distance oneself from an earlier claim or statement; back off from an idea.


lexentry: eng/backronym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backronym
trans_list: rétro-acronyme
sense:
A word that is originally not an acronym but is turned into one by devising a full form for it, sometimes as a folk etymology, sometimes as a contrived acronym to name a new organization, proposal, or other entity.


lexentry: eng/backroom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backroom
trans_list: pièce à l'arrière
sense:
A room near the rear of a premises, especially one that is only accessible to a privileged few and can be used as an inconspicuous meeting place.


lexentry: eng/backscratcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backscratcher
trans_list: gratte-dos
sense:
A long slender rod with a rake-like device on one end, sometimes in the form of a human hand, designed to let a person scratch their own back.


lexentry: eng/backspace__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: backspace
trans_list: retour arrière
sense:
(computing) A keyboard key used for removing a character behind the cursor, and moving the cursor one position backwards.


lexentry: eng/backsplash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backsplash
trans_list: tableau de bord
sense:
A vertical covering on a wall rising above a countertop or other work surface to protect the wall from spills and to decorate the wall.


lexentry: eng/backstabber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backstabber
trans_list: faux frère | faux jeton | hypocrite | serpent
sense:
A traitor or hypocrite, such as a co-worker or friend assumed trustworthy but who figuratively attacks when one's back is turned.


lexentry: eng/backstage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backstage
trans_list: coulisses
sense:
The area behind a stage out of view of the audience where performers wait to give their show; especially that of the dressing rooms.


lexentry: eng/backstay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backstay
trans_list: pataras
sense:
(nautical) A part of the rigging of a sailing ship extending from the top of the mast (masthead) to the back of the ship; they support the strain on all upper masts and provide additional support to the shrouds when the wind is abaft the beam.


lexentry: eng/backstory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backstory
trans_list: toile de fond
sense:
The previous experiences and life of a person, specifically (narratology, especially in, _, film, television) a character in a dramatic work.


lexentry: eng/backstroke__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: backstroke
trans_list: dos | dos crawlé
sense:
(swimming) A stroke swum lying on one's back, while rotating both arms through the water as to propel the swimmer backwards.


lexentry: eng/backup__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: backup
trans_list: sauvegarde
sense:
(computing) A copy of a file or record, stored separately from the original, that can be used to recover the original if it is destroyed or damaged.


lexentry: eng/backwater__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: backwater
trans_list: patelin | trou perdu
sense:
(idiomatic) A remote place; somewhere that remains unaffected by new events, progresses, ideas, etc.


lexentry: eng/backwoodsman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: backwoodsman
trans_list: plouc
sense:
A person who is acclimated to living in a forest area that is far removed from civilization or modern conveniences.


lexentry: eng/bacteriochlorophyll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bacteriochlorophyll
trans_list: bactériochlorophylle
sense:
(biology) A photosynthetic pigment occurring in various phototrophic bacteria, related to the chlorophylls.


lexentry: eng/bacteriology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bacteriology
trans_list: bactériologie
sense:
(biology, microbiology) The scientific study of bacteria, especially in relation to disease and agriculture.


lexentry: eng/bacteriostatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bacteriostatic
trans_list: bactériostatique
sense:
Of or relating to bacteriostasis or a bacteriostat; inhibiting the growth of bacteria without destroying them.


lexentry: eng/bad_apple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bad apple
trans_list: mauvaise graine
sense:
(idiomatic, often, in the plural) A person who is not wholesome, honest, or trustworthy, especially one who has an adverse influence on others.


lexentry: eng/bad_debt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bad debt
trans_list: créance douteuse | créance irrécouvrable
sense:
(business, accounting) A debt which cannot be recovered from the debtor, either because the debtor lacks the money to pay or because the debtor cannot be found and/or forced to pay.


lexentry: eng/bad_faith__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bad faith
trans_list: mauvaise foi
sense:
(legal) Intent to deceive or mislead another to gain some advantage; dishonesty or fraud in a transaction (such as knowingly misrepresenting the quality of something that is being bought or sold).


lexentry: eng/bad_trip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bad trip
trans_list: bad trip | mauvais délire | mauvais voyage
sense:
(slang, drug use) An acute adverse psychological reaction to effects produced under the influence of psychoactive substances, namely hallucinogens.


lexentry: eng/bad_weather__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (This entry is a translation hub.)
written_rep: bad weather
trans_list:
temps de chien | gros temps | mauvais temps | temps de cochon | temps de loup | temps à ne pas mettre un chien dehors


lexentry: eng/badass__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: badass
trans_list: dur à cuire
sense:
(US, sometimes considered, _, vulgar, slang, positive connotation) Having an extreme appearance, attitude, or behavior that is considered admirable.


lexentry: eng/badass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: badass
trans_list: connard | connasse
sense:
(US, sometimes considered vulgar, slang, negative connotation) A belligerent or mean person; a person with an unpleasantly extreme appearance, attitudes, or behavior.


lexentry: eng/badass__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: badass
trans_list: dur à cuire | tête | warrior
sense:
(US, sometimes considered vulgar, slang, positive connotation) A person considered impressive due to courage, skill, daring, audacity, and/or toughness.


lexentry: eng/badge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: badge
trans_list: insigne | décoration | macaron | plaque
sense:
A distinctive mark, token, sign, emblem or cognizance, worn on one's clothing, as an insignia of some rank, or of the membership of an organization.


lexentry: eng/badge__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: badge
trans_list: insigne | décoration | macaron | plaque
sense:
(heraldry) A distinctive mark worn by servants, retainers, and followers of royalty or nobility, who, being beneath the rank of gentlemen, have no right to armorial bearings.


lexentry: eng/badger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: badger
trans_list: blaireau
sense:
Any mammal of three subfamilies, which belong to the family Mustelidae: Melinae (Eurasian badgers), Mellivorinae (ratel or honey badger), and Taxideinae (American badger).


lexentry: eng/badminton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: badminton
trans_list: badminton
sense:
(uncountable) A racquet sport played indoors on a court by two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs of players (doubles), in which a shuttlecock is volleyed over a net and the competitions are presided by an umpire in British English and a referee in American English.


lexentry: eng/bag__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bag
trans_list: sachet | cornet | sac
sense:
A container made of leather, plastic, or other material, usually with a handle or handles, in which you carry personal items, or clothes or other things that you need for travelling. Includes shopping bags, schoolbags, suitcases, briefcases, handbags, backpacks, etc.


lexentry: eng/bag_snatcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bag snatcher
trans_list: voleur à l'arrachée | voleuse à l'arrachée
sense:
(UK, Australia) A thief who snatches a handbag, shoulder bag, rucksack, etc., from the person carrying it.


lexentry: eng/baggage_car__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baggage car
trans_list: chariot à bagages
sense:
(especially, US, rail) A railway vehicle in passenger trains used to carry passengers' heavy luggage; a luggage van.


lexentry: eng/baggage_claim__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baggage claim
trans_list: retrait des bagages
sense:
(US) The designated location for receiving checked luggage, such as the baggage carousels at an airport.


lexentry: eng/bagpipes__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bagpipes
trans_list: cornemuse
sense:
A musical wind instrument possessing a flexible bag inflated by bellows, a double-reed melody pipe and up to four drone pipes; any aerophone that produces sound using air from a reservoir to vibrate enclosed reeds.


lexentry: eng/bahuvrihi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bahuvrihi
trans_list: bahuvrihi
sense:
(grammar, also, _, attributive) A type of nominal compound in which the first part modifies the second and neither part alone conveys the intended meaning.


lexentry: eng/baiji__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baiji
trans_list: baiji | dauphin de Chine | dauphin du Yangzi
sense:
A freshwater dolphin (†Lipotes vexillifer), only found in the Yangtze River. Declared functionally extinct in 2006.


lexentry: eng/bail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bail
trans_list: caution
sense:
(uncountable) Security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that person's appearance for trial.


lexentry: eng/bail_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bail bond
trans_list: caution
sense:
(US) A surety, used to obtain the release of a criminal defendant who has been required to give bail.


lexentry: eng/bail_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: bail out
trans_list: déguerpir | mettre les bouts | se barrer | se tailler | se tirer
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic, slang, with of) To leave (or not attend at all) a place or a situation, especially quickly or when the situation has become undesirable.


lexentry: eng/bailiff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bailiff
trans_list: huissier | huissier de justice
sense:
(historical, Norman term) A reeve, (specifically) the chief officer executing the decisions of any English court in the period following the Norman Conquest or executing the decisions of lower courts in the late medieval and early modern period.


lexentry: eng/bain-marie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bain-marie
trans_list: bain-marie
sense:
(cooking) A large pan containing hot water, into which other smaller pans are set in order to cook food slowly, or to keep food warm.


lexentry: eng/bait__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bait
trans_list: appât
sense:
Any substance, especially food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, trap, or net.


lexentry: eng/baize__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baize
trans_list: serge | drap de billard
sense:
A thick, soft, usually woolen cloth resembling felt; often colored green and used for coverings on card tables, billiard and snooker tables, etc.


lexentry: eng/bajocco__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bajocco
trans_list: baïoque
sense:
(archaic, historical) A coin, originally copper, later silver, issued by the Papal States from the 15th century to 1865. In the 19th century the value was five hundredths of a lira.


lexentry: eng/bake__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bake
trans_list: cuire
sense:
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ditransitive, with person as subject) To cook (something) in an oven (for someone).


lexentry: eng/baked_good__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baked good
trans_list: pâtisserie
sense:
(usually, in the plural) An item or class of items with a flour as a main ingredient, prepared by baking.


lexentry: eng/bakfiets__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bakfiets
trans_list: triporteur
sense:
(cycling, originally in the Netherlands) A bicycle or tricycle with a long wheelbase between the front wheel and handlebars holding a large box, originally used solely to transport goods but now also commonly for carrying young children.


lexentry: eng/baking_powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baking powder
trans_list: levure chimique
sense:
A dry leavening agent used in baking; a mixture of baking soda, an acid (often cream of tartar) and starch to keep it dry; when wetted, carbon dioxide is released.


lexentry: eng/bakkie__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bakkie
trans_list: bakkie
sense:
(road transport) A small pick-up truck or ute, generally open and sometimes fitted with a removable canopy, but distinct from an enclosed van and a large truck. [from mid 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/baklava__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baklava
trans_list: baklava
sense:
A sweet pastry found in many cuisines of the Middle East and the Balkans, made of chopped nuts layered with phyllo pastry. [since c. 1650; modern spelling since 1800s]


lexentry: eng/balaclava__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balaclava
trans_list: cagoule | passe-montagne
sense:
A type of warm headgear covering the neck, head, and often part of the face, with apertures left as necessary, often made out of wool.


lexentry: eng/balalaika__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balalaika
trans_list: balalaïka
sense:
A plucked stringed instrument with a triangular body, short neck and three strings, of Russian origin.


lexentry: eng/balance__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: balance
trans_list: balancer
sense:
(transitive) To hold (an object or objects) precariously; to support on a narrow base, so as to keep from falling.


lexentry: eng/balance_of_payments__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balance of payments
trans_list: balance des paiements
sense:
A measure of all flows of money into and out of a country including payments for goods and services and capital flows.


lexentry: eng/balance_of_power__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balance of power
trans_list: équilibre des pouvoirs
sense:
(politics, government) A situation of equilibrium in which no country is powerful enough to control, or threaten the interests of, the others.


lexentry: eng/balance_of_probabilities__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balance of probabilities
trans_list: prépondérance de la preuve
sense:
(legal) A legal standard, applied in many jurisdictions for deciding the outcome of civil disputes, which requires that a dispute be decided in favor of the party whose claims are more likely to be true.


lexentry: eng/balance_of_terror__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balance of terror
trans_list: équilibre de la terreur
sense:
(historical) The tenuous peace that existed during the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.


lexentry: eng/balance_of_trade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balance of trade
trans_list: balance commerciale
sense:
(economics, trade) The difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time.


lexentry: eng/balance_sheet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balance sheet
trans_list: bilan
sense:
(accounting) A summary of a person's or organization's assets, liabilities and equity as of a specific date.


lexentry: eng/balance_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balance wheel
trans_list: balancier
sense:
The timekeeping device normally used in mechanical watches and small clocks, consisting of a wheel which oscillates due to a coiled spring.


lexentry: eng/balanced__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balanced
trans_list: équilibré
sense:
Containing elements in appropriate proportion; proportionately weighted on all dimensions and therefore unlikely to tip over.


lexentry: eng/balcony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balcony
trans_list: balcon
sense:
(architectural element) An accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.


lexentry: eng/bald_eagle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bald eagle
trans_list: pygargue à tête blanche
sense:
Haliaeetus leucocephalus, a species of eagle native to North America and notable for the white plumage on its head.


lexentry: eng/baldric__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baldric
trans_list: baudrier
sense:
A broad belt used to hold a sword, sometimes richly ornamented, worn diagonally from shoulder to hip (across the breast, and under the opposite arm); less properly, any belt. [from c. 1300]


lexentry: eng/bale__Noun__3
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bale
trans_list: botte
sense:
A bundle of compressed fibers (especially hay, straw, cotton, or wool), compacted for shipping and handling and bound by twine or wire.


lexentry: eng/baleen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baleen
trans_list: fanon
sense:
(physiology, uncountable) The keratinous material that makes up the plates in the mouth of the baleen whale, Mysticeti, which it uses to trap its food; formerly used in corsetry.


lexentry: eng/baleen_whale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baleen whale
trans_list: baleine à fanons
sense:
Any of several large whales, of the suborder Mysticeti, that have plates of whalebone instead of teeth


lexentry: eng/balisong__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balisong
trans_list: papillon
sense:
A folding pocket knife with two handles counter-rotating around the tang such that, when closed, the blade is concealed within grooves in the handles.


lexentry: eng/ball-and-socket_joint__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ball-and-socket joint
trans_list: rotule
sense:
A joint in which one segment has a rounded end and the next segment has a bowl-shaped end, with the rounded end being fitted into the bowl shape, allowing the first segment to move around an indefinite number of axes which have one common center. Examples include the human shoulder joint and the balljoints of some automotive suspensions.


lexentry: eng/ball__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ball
trans_list: boule | ballon
sense:
(mathematics) The set of points in a metric space of any number of dimensions lying within a given distance (the radius) of a given point.


lexentry: eng/ball__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: ball
trans_list: balle | ballon
sense:
(printing, historical) A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a ballstock; formerly used by printers for inking the form, then superseded by the roller.


lexentry: eng/ball_bearing__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ball bearing
trans_list: roulement à billes | roulement mécanique
sense:
(loosely, often) An individual spherical ball, usually made of steel or other hard material, suitable for use in a ball-based rolling element bearing. In precise usage, each such ball is called a bearing ball or simply ball, and the entire bearing is called the ball bearing.


lexentry: eng/ball_boy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ball boy
trans_list: ramasseur de balles
sense:
(sports) A person, usually male, responsible for retrieving balls from the area of play, and returning them to the players.


lexentry: eng/ball_in_hand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ball in hand
trans_list: handball
sense:
In billiards, a circumstance in which a fault by another player, such as a scratch, permits the competitor to take the cue ball in hand and place it anywhere on the table.


lexentry: eng/ball_lightning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ball lightning
trans_list: foudre en boule | boule de feu
sense:
A short-lived glowing ball sometimes observed to float in the air and thought to consist of ionized gas associated with thunderstorms.


lexentry: eng/ballad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballad
trans_list: ballade
sense:
A kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; especially, a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas.


lexentry: eng/ballast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballast
trans_list: lest
sense:
(nautical) Heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship (or in the gondola of a balloon), to provide stability.


lexentry: eng/ballast__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ballast
trans_list: ballast | remblai
sense:
Coarse gravel or similar material laid to form a bed for roads or railroads, or in making concrete; track ballast.


lexentry: eng/ballast__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: ballast
trans_list: ballast
sense:
(countable, electricity, electronics) device used for stabilizing current in an electric circuit (e.g. in a tube lamp supply circuit)


lexentry: eng/ballista__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballista
trans_list: baliste
sense:
(weaponry, historical) An ancient military engine, in the form of a crossbow, used for hurling large missiles.


lexentry: eng/ballistic_missile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballistic missile
trans_list: missile balistique
sense:
(military, rocketry) A missile that is initially guided, but then follows a ballistic (freely falling) trajectory.


lexentry: eng/ballistics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballistics
trans_list: balistique
sense:
(physics) The science of objects that predominantly fly under the effects of gravity, momentum and atmospheric drag, and dealing with details of their behaviour at the origin and destination of their flight, as of bullets or missiles or rockets.


lexentry: eng/ballot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballot
trans_list: bulletin de vote | bulletin
sense:
Originally, a small ball placed in a container to cast a vote; now, by extension, a piece of paper or card used for this purpose, or some other means used to signify a vote.


lexentry: eng/ballpoint_pen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballpoint pen
trans_list: stylo à bille | crayon à bille | bic
sense:
A pen, similar in size and shape to a pencil, having an internal chamber filled with a viscous, quick-drying ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a metal sphere (around 0.7 mm to 1 mm in diameter).


lexentry: eng/ballroom_dancing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballroom dancing
trans_list: danse de salon
sense:
formal social dancing in couples, popular as a recreation and also as a competitive activity. The ballroom dance repertoire includes dances developed from old European folk dances such as the waltz and minuet, Latin American dances such as the tango, rumba, and cha-cha, and dances of 20th-century origin such as the foxtrot and quickstep.


lexentry: eng/balls__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balls
trans_list: couilles | balloches | burnes | roustons | valseuses
sense:
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Masculinity, particularly strength, courage, and force of will; chutzpah; brazenness.


lexentry: eng/balls__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: balls
trans_list: balloches | burnes | couilles | roustons | valseuses
sense:
(uncountable, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, Hawaii) Synonym of bollocks, nonsense.


lexentry: eng/ballyhoo__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ballyhoo
trans_list: aiguillette
sense:
Certain species in family Hemiramphidae, inshore, surface-dwelling needlefish forming sizeable schools.


lexentry: eng/balm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balm
trans_list: mélisse
sense:
Any of various aromatic resins exuded from certain plants, especially trees of the genus Commiphora of Africa, Arabia and India and Myroxylon of South America.


lexentry: eng/balsa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balsa
trans_list: balsa
sense:
A large tree, Ochroma pyramidale, native to tropical America, with wood that is very light in weight.


lexentry: eng/balsamic_vinegar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balsamic vinegar
trans_list: vinaigre balsamique
sense:
A dark, sweet vinegar, made from reduced white wine, that has been matured in wooden barrels, the resins of which contribute to its flavour; especially such a vinegar from Modena in Italy.


lexentry: eng/baluster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baluster
trans_list: balustre
sense:
(architecture) A short column used in a group to support a rail, as commonly found on the side of a stairway; a banister. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/balustrade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: balustrade
trans_list: balustrade
sense:
A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.


lexentry: eng/bamboo_rat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bamboo rat
trans_list: rat des bambous
sense:
Any of the four species of burrowing rodents in the spalacid tribe Rhizomyini, found in China and southeast Asia


lexentry: eng/bamboo_shoot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bamboo shoot
trans_list: pousses de bambou
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) The edible shoot of any of several species of bamboo (especially of the genera Dendrocalamus and Phyllostachys), cooked and eaten as a vegetable in Chinese and similar cuisine.


lexentry: eng/banana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banana
trans_list: banane | bananier
sense:
An elongated curved tropical fruit of a banana plant, which grows in bunches and has a creamy flesh and a smooth skin.


lexentry: eng/banana__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: banana
trans_list: bananier | banane
sense:
The tropical tree-like plant which bears clusters of bananas, a plant of the genus Musa (but sometimes also including plants from Ensete), which has large, elongated leaves.


lexentry: eng/banana_peel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banana peel
trans_list: peau de banane
sense:
(Canadian, US, Philippines) The several outermost layers of a banana, especially once removed from the rest of the banana, which may be slippery if stepped on. (This sense is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/banana_republic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banana republic
trans_list: république bananière
sense:
(politics, idiom, pejorative) A small country, especially one in Central America or the West Indies, that is dependent on a single export commodity (traditionally bananas) and that has a corrupt, dictatorial government.


lexentry: eng/banana_split__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banana split
trans_list: banane Melba
sense:
A dessert or sundae containing a banana cut in half lengthwise (split), ice cream and various toppings which may include sauces, nuts or fruit.


lexentry: eng/bananaquit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bananaquit
trans_list: sucrier à ventre jaune
sense:
A nectar-feeding bird, Coereba flaveola, thought to be related to the Darwin's finches and the grassquits.


lexentry: eng/band-aid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: band-aid
trans_list: pansement | sparadrap
sense:
(Australia, Canada, US) An adhesive bandage, a small piece of fabric or plastic that may be stuck to the skin in order to temporarily cover a small wound.


lexentry: eng/band__Noun__2
sense_num: 05
written_rep: band
trans_list: bande
sense:
(anthropology) A small group of people living in a simple society, contrasted with tribes, chiefdoms, and states.


lexentry: eng/band__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: band
trans_list: groupe | bande
sense:
(Canada) A group of aboriginals that has official recognition as an organized unit by the federal government of Canada.


lexentry: eng/band_chief__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: band chief
trans_list: chef de bande
sense:
The chief elected officer of an Indian band in Canada. The chairperson of the band council for an Indian band. Roughly equivalent to a mayor in non-indigenous local government.


lexentry: eng/bandana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bandana
trans_list: couvre-chef
sense:
A large kerchief, usually colourful and used either as headgear or as a handkerchief, neckerchief, bikini, or sweatband.


lexentry: eng/bandicoot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bandicoot
trans_list: bandicoot | péramélidé
sense:
A small Australian marsupial with a distinctive long snout, of the family Peramelidae (with the exception of genus Macrotis, called bilbies).


lexentry: eng/bandoneon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bandoneon
trans_list: bandonéon
sense:
(musical instruments) A small Latin American accordion played with buttons which is frequently used in tango ensembles.


lexentry: eng/bandura__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bandura
trans_list: bandoura | bandura
sense:
A Ukrainian plucked stringed instrument with a tear-shaped body, like an asymmetrical lute or a vertical zither, which is played with both hands while held upright on the lap.


lexentry: eng/bandurria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bandurria
trans_list: bandurria
sense:
A plectrum-plucked stringed instrument with a flat-backed pear-shaped body, with twelve strings in six courses in its most common modern form, originating in Spain.


lexentry: eng/bandwidth__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bandwidth
trans_list: bande passante | débit
sense:
(networking, informal) The rate of data flow in digital networks typically measured in bits per second; the bitrate.


lexentry: eng/bang__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bang
trans_list: claquer | cogner
sense:
(intransitive) To make sudden loud noises, and often repeatedly, especially by exploding or hitting something.


lexentry: eng/banger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banger
trans_list: bagnole
sense:
(automotive, slang) An old, worn-out car. From a stereotypical one backfiring, making banging noises.


lexentry: eng/banjo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banjo
trans_list: banjo
sense:
A stringed musical instrument (chordophone), usually with a round body, a membrane-like soundboard and a fretted neck, played by plucking or strumming the strings.


lexentry: eng/bank__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: bank
trans_list: banque
sense:
(gambling, countable) The sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses.


lexentry: eng/bank__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: bank
trans_list: banque
sense:
(countable, mostly, in combination) A safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.


lexentry: eng/bank__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bank
trans_list: banc | banque
sense:
(nautical, hydrology) An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shallow area of shifting sand, gravel, mud, and so forth (for example, a sandbank or mudbank).


lexentry: eng/bank_account__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bank account
trans_list: compte bancaire | compte en banque
sense:
A fund, held by a bank in a contractual arrangement between the bank and the owner of the fund, a customer of the bank, into which they can deposit and from which they can withdraw money.


lexentry: eng/bank_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bank card
trans_list: carte bancaire
sense:
(banking) A card issued by a bank, which may entitle the holder to a variety of services similar to that of a credit card or debit card, or allow withdrawal of cash from ATMs.


lexentry: eng/bank_holiday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bank holiday
trans_list: jour férié
sense:
(UK, Ireland) A weekday, often a Monday, on which most businesses are closed, and granted to workers as a national holiday.


lexentry: eng/bank_run__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bank run
trans_list: panique bancaire | ruée bancaire
sense:
An event where many depositors of one or more banks withdraw money from their bank accounts within a short time, causing the banks concerned to become unstable.


lexentry: eng/bank_statement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bank statement
trans_list: relevé de compte | relevé bancaire | extrait de compte
sense:
A communication from a bank to a person holding an account in that bank, usually issued monthly, detailing the value of the holdings in that account and the effects of all transactions occurring with respect to that account.


lexentry: eng/banker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banker
trans_list: banquier | banquière
sense:
One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc.


lexentry: eng/bankruptcy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bankruptcy
trans_list: banqueroute | faillite
sense:
(finance, law) A legally declared or recognized condition of insolvency of a person or organization.


lexentry: eng/banner__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: banner
trans_list: banderole
sense:
A large piece of cloth with a slogan, motto, or emblem carried in a demonstration or other procession or suspended in some conspicuous place.


lexentry: eng/banner__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: banner
trans_list: bannière
sense:
(Internet, television) A type of advertisement on a web page or on television, usually taking the form of a graphic or animation above or alongside the content.


lexentry: eng/bannock__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bannock
trans_list: beigne | galette
sense:
(Canada) A biscuit bread made of wheat flour or cornmeal, fat, and sometimes baking powder, typically baked over a fire, wrapped around a stick or in a pan.


lexentry: eng/banns__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banns
trans_list: bans
sense:
The announcement of a forthcoming marriage (legally required for a church wedding in England and Wales and read on the three Sundays preceding the marriage).


lexentry: eng/banshee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: banshee
trans_list: banshee | banshie
sense:
(Irish and Scottish, _, folklore) A female spirit, usually taking the form of a woman whose mournful wailing warns of an impending death.


lexentry: eng/bantamweight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bantamweight
trans_list: poids coq
sense:
(boxing) A weight class in boxing and other sports, intermediate between flyweight and featherweight. In boxing it ranges from 112 to 118 pounds (51 to 54 kg).


lexentry: eng/bantustan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bantustan
trans_list: bantoustan
sense:
(originally, _, South Africa, historical) Any of ten former territories defined as homelands for black South Africans under apartheid policy


lexentry: eng/baobab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baobab
trans_list: baobab
sense:
A tree, Adansonia digitata, native to tropical Africa, having a broad swollen trunk and edible gourd-like hanging fruits.


lexentry: eng/baptism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baptism
trans_list: baptême
sense:
A Christian sacrament, by which one is received into a church and sometimes given a name, generally involving the candidate to be anointed with or submerged in water.


lexentry: eng/baptism_of_desire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baptism of desire
trans_list: baptême de désir
sense:
(Christianity) The grace given to a believer who ardently desires baptism, but dies before being able to receive it.


lexentry: eng/baptism_of_fire__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: baptism of fire
trans_list: baptême du feu
sense:
(figuratively, military) The first experience of a severe ordeal, especially a first experience of military combat


lexentry: eng/baptistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baptistry
trans_list: baptistère
sense:
(Christianity) A designated space within a church, or a separate room or building associated with a church, where a baptismal font is located, and consequently, where the sacrament of Christian baptism (via aspersion or affusion) is performed.


lexentry: eng/baptize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baptize
trans_list: baptiser
sense:
(Christianity) To perform the sacrament of baptism by sprinkling or pouring water over someone or immersing them in water.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bar
trans_list: barre
sense:
A solid, more or less rigid object of metal or wood with a uniform cross-section smaller than its length.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: bar
trans_list: bar | pub | taverne
sense:
(mathematics) The sign indicating that the characteristic of a logarithm is negative, conventionally placed above the digit(s) to show that it applies to the characteristic only and not to the mantissa.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: bar
trans_list: bar
sense:
A counter, or simply a cabinet, from which alcoholic drinks are served in a private house or a hotel room.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 21
written_rep: bar
trans_list: barreau
sense:
(law, metonym, "the Bar", "the bar") Collectively, lawyers or the legal profession; specifically applied to barristers in some countries, but including all lawyers in others.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 23
written_rep: bar
trans_list: bar | barre | pub | taverne
sense:
(music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 30
written_rep: bar
trans_list: barre
sense:
(geography, nautical, hydrology) A ridge or succession of ridges of sand or other substance; especially:


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bar
trans_list: bar
sense:
A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.


lexentry: eng/bar_association__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bar association
trans_list: barreau
sense:
An organization of lawyers which regulates their ability to practice law in a jurisdiction, and/or serves the interests of lawyers in that jurisdiction.


lexentry: eng/bar_chair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bar chair
trans_list: stool
sense:
A tall chair-like seat usually having a foot rest, commonly placed in bars and in front of kitchen counters.


lexentry: eng/bar_chart__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bar chart
trans_list: diagramme à barres
sense:
A graph in the form of boxes of different heights, with each box representing a different value or category of data, and the heights representing frequencies.


lexentry: eng/bar_shot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bar shot
trans_list: boulet ramé
sense:
(military, historical) A double-headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; formerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat.


lexentry: eng/bar_stool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bar stool
trans_list: stool
sense:
A stool used for sitting, often taller than a chair and usually having a foot rest, commonly placed in bars and in front of kitchen counters.


lexentry: eng/barb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barb
trans_list: ardillon
sense:
The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else.


lexentry: eng/barbarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: barbarian
trans_list: barbare
sense:
An uncivilized or uncultured person, originally compared to the hellenistic Greco-Roman civilisation; often associated with fighting or other such shows of strength.


lexentry: eng/barbecue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barbecue
trans_list: barbecue
sense:
A fireplace or pit for grilling food, typically used outdoors and traditionally employing hot charcoal as the heating medium.


lexentry: eng/barbecue_sauce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barbecue sauce
trans_list: sauce barbecue
sense:
A fruity, tangy, usually brown sauce, typically consisting of a vinegar or tomato base with spices and sweeteners, used as a basting sauce, marinade, or condiment, especially for barbecued meat.


lexentry: eng/barbed_wire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barbed wire
trans_list: fil de fer barbelé | fil barbelé | barbelé
sense:
Twisted strands of steel wire, often coated with zinc, having barbs evenly spaced along them; used to construct agricultural and military fences.


lexentry: eng/barbel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: barbel
trans_list: barbeau
sense:
(biology) Whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.


lexentry: eng/barbell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barbell
trans_list: haltère
sense:
A wide steel bar with premeasured weights affixed to either end, with the central span open for the hands of the weightlifter.


lexentry: eng/barber_surgeon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barber surgeon
trans_list: barbier chirurgien
sense:
(historical) A medical practitioner of medieval Europe, generally charged with looking after soldiers during or after a battle.


lexentry: eng/barberry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barberry
trans_list: épine-vinette
sense:
Any of the thorny shrubs of genus Berberis, which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries.


lexentry: eng/barbershop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barbershop
trans_list: salon de coiffure
sense:
(countable) The place of business of a barber; a store where a person (usually a male) can go to get a haircut.


lexentry: eng/barbiturate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: barbiturate
trans_list: barbiturique
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants of the central nervous system and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.


lexentry: eng/barcarole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barcarole
trans_list: barcarolle
sense:
(music) A Venetian folk song traditionally sung by gondoliers, often in 6⁄8 or 12⁄8 time with alternating strong and weak beats imitating a rowing motion. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/barcode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barcode
trans_list: code-barres | code à barres
sense:
Any set of machine-readable parallel bars or concentric circles, varying in width, spacing, or height, encoding information according to a symbology.


lexentry: eng/bard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bard
trans_list: barde
sense:
A professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.


lexentry: eng/bare-breasted__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bare-breasted
trans_list: topless
sense:
(chiefly, of a woman) Having the breasts and nipples exposed, often implying a less salacious atmosphere than topless.


lexentry: eng/bare_infinitive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bare infinitive
trans_list: infinitif nu | infinitif zéro
sense:
(grammar) The infinitive form of an English verb without the particle to; a comparable infinitive in other Germanic languages, e.g. a German infinitive without a preceding "zu", or a Swedish one without a preceding "att".


lexentry: eng/barefoot_doctor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barefoot doctor
trans_list: médecin aux pieds nus
sense:
A farmer or rural resident with basic medical training who worked as a doctor in rural areas of the People's Republic of China from the mid-1960s until the 1980s, generally under a government-sponsored program.


lexentry: eng/bargain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bargain
trans_list: bonne affaire | accord | affaire
sense:
An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the consideration.


lexentry: eng/bargain__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bargain
trans_list: marchander | s'accorder | s'arranger
sense:
(intransitive) To make a bargain; to make a deal or contract for the exchange of property or services; to negotiate


lexentry: eng/barge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barge
trans_list: chaland | barge
sense:
A large flat-bottomed towed or self-propelled boat used mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods or bulk cargo.


lexentry: eng/baritone_saxophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baritone saxophone
trans_list: saxophone baryton
sense:
A member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments that is smaller than the bass saxophone but larger than the tenor saxophone, with a range of D♭2 to A4 or similar.


lexentry: eng/barium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barium
trans_list: baryum
sense:
The chemical element (symbol Ba) with an atomic number of 56. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.


lexentry: eng/barium_chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barium chloride
trans_list: chlorure de baryum
sense:
(inorganic compound) The barium salt of hydrochloric acid, BaCl2; it is toxic, and has been used as a rat poison.


lexentry: eng/bark__Noun__3
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bark
trans_list: barque
sense:
(watercraft) A vessel, typically with three (or more) masts, with the foremasts (or fore- and mainmasts) square-rigged, and mizzenmast schooner-rigged.


lexentry: eng/bark__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bark
trans_list: aboyer | japper
sense:
(intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs).


lexentry: eng/bark_up_the_wrong_tree__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bark up the wrong tree
sense:
(idiomatic) To do, believe, or pursue something wrong or inappropriate; to take the wrong approach; to follow a false lead; to blame or rebuke the wrong person.

trans_list:
faire fausse route | miser sur le mauvais cheval | se mettre le doigt dans l'œil | se tromper de cible


lexentry: eng/barley__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barley
trans_list: orge
sense:
A cereal of the species Hordeum vulgare, or its grains, often used as food or to make beer and other malted drinks.


lexentry: eng/barley_sugar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barley sugar
trans_list: sucre d’orge
sense:
A traditional British boiled sweet, yellow or orange in colour, with an extract of barley added as flavouring.


lexentry: eng/barm__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barm
trans_list: mousse
sense:
Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast.


lexentry: eng/barn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barn
trans_list: grange | fenil
sense:
(agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.


lexentry: eng/barn_owl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barn owl
trans_list: chouette effraie
sense:
An owl of the species Tyto alba, often having a white face and commonly found in barns and other farm buildings.


lexentry: eng/barn_swallow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barn swallow
trans_list: hirondelle rustique | hirondelle de cheminée | hirondelle des granges
sense:
Hirundo rustica, the most widespread species of swallow in the world; a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts, a long, deeply forked tail and curved, pointed wings, is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas.


lexentry: eng/barnacle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barnacle
trans_list: pouce-pied
sense:
A marine crustacean of the subclass Cirripedia that attaches itself to submerged surfaces such as tidal rocks or the bottoms of ships.


lexentry: eng/barnacle_goose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barnacle goose
trans_list: bernache nonnette
sense:
A black and white species of bird within the family Anatidae from the northern hemisphere, Branta leucopsis.


lexentry: eng/baronet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baronet
trans_list: baronnet
sense:
The bearer of a hereditary title, below a peerage and senior to most knighthoods, accompanied by the titular prefix "Sir" (for men) or "Dame" (for women) which is used in conjunction with the holder's Christian name. It is inheritable, usually by the eldest son, although a few baronetcies can also pass through the female line.


lexentry: eng/baroque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: baroque
trans_list: grotesque
sense:
Chiseled from stone, or shaped from wood, in a garish, crooked, twisted, or slanted sort of way, grotesque.


lexentry: eng/baroque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: baroque
trans_list: baroque
sense:
Embellished with figures and forms such that every level of relief gives way to more details and contrasts.


lexentry: eng/barotrauma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barotrauma
trans_list: barotraumatisme
sense:
(pathology) Damage to body tissue caused by a difference in pressure between an air space in or near the body and the surrounding air.


lexentry: eng/barque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barque
trans_list: barque
sense:
A sailing vessel of three or more masts, with all masts but the sternmost square-rigged, the sternmost being fore-and-aft-rigged


lexentry: eng/barrack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrack
trans_list: caserne | chambrée | quartier
sense:
(military, chiefly, in the plural) A building for soldiers, especially within a garrison; originally referred to temporary huts, now usually to a permanent structure or set of buildings.


lexentry: eng/barracuda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barracuda
trans_list: barracuda
sense:
Any large marine fish of the genus Sphyraena that have elongated bodies, a projecting lower jaw, displaying prominent fang-shaped teeth, and are aggressive predators.


lexentry: eng/barrage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrage
trans_list: barrage
sense:
An artificial obstruction, such as a dam, in a river designed to increase its depth or to divert its flow.


lexentry: eng/barrage__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: barrage
trans_list: tir de barrage
sense:
(military) A heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of one's own troops to screen and protect them.


lexentry: eng/barramundi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barramundi
trans_list: barramundi
sense:
A diadromous fish of species Lates calcarifer, of the Centropomidae family, order Perciformes, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific; a popular food fish.


lexentry: eng/barrator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrator
trans_list: procédurier | quérulent
sense:
One who is guilty of barratry, vexing others with frequent and often groundless lawsuits; a brangler and pettifogger.


lexentry: eng/barrel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrel
trans_list: tonneau | barrique
sense:
(countable) A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends (heads). Sometimes applied to a similar cylindrical container made of metal, usually called a drum.


lexentry: eng/barrel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrel
trans_list: barillet
sense:
Such a cask of a certain size, holding one-eighth of what a tun#Noun holds. (See a diagram comparing cask sizes.)


lexentry: eng/barrel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: barrel
trans_list: baril
sense:
The quantity which constitutes a full barrel: the volume or weight this represents varies by local law and custom.


lexentry: eng/barrel_organ__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrel organ
trans_list: orgue de Barbarie
sense:
A musical instrument in which air from a bellows is admitted to a set of pipes by means of pins inserted into a revolving barrel (typically turned by a crank), originating in France.


lexentry: eng/barrel_roll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrel roll
trans_list: tonneau
sense:
(aviation) An aerobatic flying maneuver in which the pilot causes the airplane to complete one loop in the same time that the airplane completes one roll, creating the appearance that the airplane is riding on the inside of a cylinder.


lexentry: eng/barrel_roll__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: barrel roll
trans_list: tonneau
sense:
A movement (usually during a car crash) where a car flips on its roof, then falls back on its wheels after doing at least one full 360° horizontal rotation.


lexentry: eng/barrel_vault__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrel vault
trans_list: voûte en berceau
sense:
(architecture) A simple roof having a curved, often semicircular cross section; used to span large distances in railway stations, churches, etc. Usually supported on columns.


lexentry: eng/barren__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barren
trans_list: stérile
sense:
(of people and animals, not comparable) Not bearing children, childless; hence also unable to bear children, sterile.


lexentry: eng/barrister__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barrister
trans_list: avocat | avocate
sense:
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) A lawyer with the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher lawcourts.


lexentry: eng/bartender__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bartender
trans_list: barman
sense:
One who tends a bar or pub; a person preparing and serving drinks at a bar. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/barycenter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: barycenter
trans_list: barycentre
sense:
(physics) The center of a mass; often specifically, the point at which the gravitational forces exerted by two objects are equal


lexentry: eng/baryon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baryon
trans_list: baryon
sense:
(particle) A heavy subatomic particle created by the binding of quarks by gluons; a hadron containing three quarks. Baryons have half-odd integral spin and are thus fermions. This category includes the common proton and neutron of the atomic nucleus.


lexentry: eng/bas-relief__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bas-relief
trans_list: bas-relief
sense:
(sculpture) A low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.


lexentry: eng/basal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: basal
trans_list: basal
sense:
(chiefly, systematics) In a phylogenetic tree, being a group, or member of a group, which diverged earlier. The earliest clade to branch in a larger clade.


lexentry: eng/basal_metabolic_rate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basal metabolic rate
trans_list: taux métabolique de base
sense:
(physiology) The amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the post-absorptive state.


lexentry: eng/basalt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basalt
trans_list: basalte
sense:
(mineral) A hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.


lexentry: eng/bascinet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bascinet
trans_list: bassinet
sense:
A light helmet, typically with a high, pointed skull, either open-faced (in early models) or made with a visor (later models).


lexentry: eng/bascule_bridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bascule bridge
trans_list: pont basculant
sense:
A movable bridge consisting of one or two opening leaves equipped with balancing and stabilizing counterweights that ease and speed up their operation.


lexentry: eng/base__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: base
trans_list: base
sense:
(chemistry) Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds that turn red litmus blue and react with acids to form salts.


lexentry: eng/base__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: base
trans_list: base | but | coussin
sense:
(baseball) One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.


lexentry: eng/base__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: base
trans_list: base
sense:
(geometry) The lowest side of a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.


lexentry: eng/base__Noun__1
sense_num: 15
written_rep: base
trans_list: champagne
sense:
(heraldry) The lowest third of a shield (or field), or an ordinary occupying this space, the champagne. (Compare terrace..)


lexentry: eng/base_camp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: base camp
trans_list: camp de base
sense:
(climbing) An encampment used temporarily for storing supplies and preparing for a larger activity, such as mountain climbing or hunting.


lexentry: eng/base_note__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: base note
trans_list: fixateur | fond | note de base | note de fond
sense:
The heavily volatile and thus most-lasting parts of a perfume, often of ligneous, resinous or animalic nature


lexentry: eng/base_pair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: base pair
trans_list: paire de bases
sense:
(biology) In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds.


lexentry: eng/base_rent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: base rent
trans_list: loyer de base
sense:
(legal) The amount of rent assessed before inclusion of additional expenses or other factors that increase the amount of rent to be paid.


lexentry: eng/base_station_subsystem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: base station subsystem
trans_list: sous-système radio
sense:
(telecommunications) that section of a GSM network which is responsible for transmitting radio signals to and receiving radio signals from a mobile phone


lexentry: eng/baseball_diamond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baseball diamond
trans_list: diamant
sense:
A four-cornered part of a baseball field in which the corners are the three bases and the home plate.


lexentry: eng/based__Adjective__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: based
trans_list: basé
sense:
(slang, of a person) Not caring what others think about one's personality, style, or behavior; focused on maintaining individuality.


lexentry: eng/basement__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: basement
trans_list: socle
sense:
(geology) A mass of igneous or metamorphic rock forming the foundation over which a platform of sedimentary rocks is laid.


lexentry: eng/bash_the_bishop__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiomatic, slang) To masturbate (male).
written_rep: bash the bishop
trans_list:
s'astiquer le manche | s'astiquer le poireau | se crosser | se taper une queue | se tutoyer | étrangler le borgne


lexentry: eng/bash_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bash up
trans_list: cogner
sense:
(transitive, informal) To assault someone with the intention of causing physical injury; to beat up.


lexentry: eng/bashlyk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bashlyk
trans_list: bachlyk
sense:
A protective cone-shaped hood with lappets for wrapping around the neck, used especially by Turks and Cossacks.


lexentry: eng/basic_income__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: basic income
trans_list: revenu de base
sense:
Ellipsis of guaranteed basic income., a form of social security in which all citizens or residents of a jurisdiction are guaranteed to have an income level at or above the set basic income cut-off level, whereby the government will top-off incomes falling below the line, to reach the limit. Those falling above the line would not receive payments.


lexentry: eng/basic_training__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basic training
trans_list: classes
sense:
(military) The standard training regime for introducing new recruits to the organization's discipline and basic operational skills.


lexentry: eng/basidium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basidium
trans_list: baside
sense:
(mycology) A small structure, shaped like a club, found in the Basidiomycota division of fungi, that bears four spores at the tips of small projections. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/basilect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basilect
trans_list: basilecte
sense:
(sociolinguistics) A variety of a language that has diverged greatly from the standard form, and is only considered suitable for very informal contexts by speakers.


lexentry: eng/basilica__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basilica
trans_list: basilique
sense:
(architecture) A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


lexentry: eng/basin__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: basin
trans_list: bassin
sense:
(geography) A shallow depression in a rock formation, such as an area of down-folded rock that has accumulated a thick layer of sediments, or an area scooped out by water erosion.


lexentry: eng/basionym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basionym
trans_list: basionyme
sense:
(botany, taxonomy) An earlier valid scientific name of a species that has since been renamed and from which the new name is partially derived.


lexentry: eng/basis__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: basis
trans_list: base
sense:
(linear algebra) In a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space.


lexentry: eng/basket__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: basket
trans_list: panier | corbeille
sense:
(basketball) A circular hoop, from which a net is suspended, which is the goal through which the players try to throw the ball.


lexentry: eng/basket_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: basket case
trans_list: loque | épave
sense:
(colloquial, potentially, _, offensive) One made powerless or ineffective, as by nerves, panic, stress or exhaustion; someone considered mentally unstable. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/basking_shark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basking shark
trans_list: requin pèlerin
sense:
A very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, that feeds at or close to the surface by filtering plankton from the water and is found in all the world's temperate oceans.


lexentry: eng/bass__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: bass
trans_list: basse
sense:
(musical instrument) An instrument that plays in the bass range, in particular a double bass, bass guitar, electric bass or bass synthesiser.


lexentry: eng/bass_bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bass bar
trans_list: barre d'harmonie
sense:
(lutherie) A narrow length of wood affixed to, or occasionally carved from, the inside of the top plate of a violin-family instrument.


lexentry: eng/bass_clef__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bass clef
trans_list: clé de fa
sense:
(music) A symbol showing that the second line from the top of the staff represents the F below middle C.


lexentry: eng/bass_guitar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bass guitar
trans_list: guitare basse
sense:
A long-necked and solid-bodied stringed instrument (chordophone), tuned to produce bass or low notes, usually with a fretted fingerboard and four thick strings, and requiring the use of an amplifier.


lexentry: eng/basset_horn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basset horn
trans_list: cor de basset
sense:
(musical instrument) An alto instrument of the clarinet family, pitched in F below middle C, with a range reaching down to F below that.


lexentry: eng/basso_continuo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basso continuo
trans_list: basse continue
sense:
(music) The continuous realization of harmony throughout a musical piece, usually by a harpsichord and/or cello, typical of the Baroque period. Abbreviation: bc.


lexentry: eng/bassoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bassoon
trans_list: basson
sense:
A musical instrument in the woodwind family, having a double reed and playing in the tenor and bass ranges.


lexentry: eng/basswood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: basswood
trans_list: bois de tilleul
sense:
(US) Any of several trees of the genus Tilia; the lindens, especially Tilia americana, the American basswood.


lexentry: eng/bastard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bastard
trans_list: bâtard | bâtarde
sense:
(dated) A person who was born out of wedlock, and hence often considered an illegitimate descendant.


lexentry: eng/bastard__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bastard
trans_list: fils de pute | salaud | enfoiré | salopard
sense:
(vulgar,, _, , _, offensive, or, pejorative) A contemptible, inconsiderate, overly or arrogantly rude or spiteful person.


lexentry: eng/baste__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baste
trans_list: bâtir | faufiler
sense:
To sew with long or loose stitches, as for temporary use, or in preparation for gathering the fabric.


lexentry: eng/bastide__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bastide
trans_list: bastide
sense:
new town built in medieval Languedoc, Gascony and Aquitaine during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries


lexentry: eng/bastille__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bastille
trans_list: bastion
sense:
Chiefly in French contexts: a bastion or tower of a castle; also, a fortified tower or other building; or a small citadel or fortress.


lexentry: eng/bastille__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bastille
trans_list: embastiller
sense:
(transitive, also, figuratively) To confine (someone or something) in, or as if in, a bastille (noun sense 2.1) or prison; to imprison.


lexentry: eng/bat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bat
trans_list: chauve-souris | batte | bâton | chauvesouris
sense:
Any of the flying mammals of the order Chiroptera, usually small and nocturnal, insectivorous or frugivorous.


lexentry: eng/bat__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bat
trans_list: chauve-souris | batte | bâton | chauvesouris
sense:
A club made of wood or aluminium used for striking the ball in sports such as baseball, softball and cricket.


lexentry: eng/bat__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bat
trans_list: chauve-souris | batte | bâton | chauvesouris
sense:
(intransitive) To take a turn at hitting a ball with a bat in sports like cricket, baseball and softball, as opposed to fielding.


lexentry: eng/batch__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: batch
trans_list: jeu
sense:
A group or collection of things of the same kind, such as a batch of letters or the next batch of business.


lexentry: eng/batch_file__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: batch file
trans_list: fichier batch
sense:
(computing, especially MS-DOS) A file containing a series of instructions to be carried out by the operating system.


lexentry: eng/bath_sponge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bath sponge
trans_list: éponge
sense:
A commercially used species of soft-bodied sponge (porifer, invertebrate of the phylum Porifera) found throughout the Mediterranean Sea, Spongia officinalis.


lexentry: eng/bathe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bathe
trans_list: baignade | bain
sense:
(British, colloquial) The act of swimming or bathing, especially in the sea, a lake, or a river; a swimming bath.


lexentry: eng/bathing_machine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bathing machine
trans_list: roulotte de bain
sense:
(historical) Around the 19th century, a portable changing room that was rolled down a beach to the edge of the sea to allow people to paddle in the sea modestly.


lexentry: eng/bathmology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bathmology
trans_list: bathmologie
sense:
The science/study of the interplay of "degrees" - or, levels of linguistic self-referentiality - in discourse


lexentry: eng/bathometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bathometer
trans_list: bathomètre | bathymètre
sense:
An instrument that measures the depth of water, used especially to measure the depth of ocean water.


lexentry: eng/bathos__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bathos
trans_list: bathos
sense:
(literature, the arts) Risible failure on the part of a work of art to properly affect its audience, particularly owing to:


lexentry: eng/bathrobe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bathrobe
trans_list: peignoir | sortie de bain
sense:
A robe usually made of terrycloth intended to be worn when one is still damp from bathing or when there is no immediate need to dress fully.


lexentry: eng/bathroom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bathroom
trans_list: salle de bains
sense:
(chiefly, US, South Africa, Canada, Philippines, euphemism) A lavatory (area where one washes or bathes): a room containing a toilet and (typically but not necessarily) a bathtub.


lexentry: eng/bathypelagic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bathypelagic
trans_list: bathypélagique
sense:
(oceanography) Of or pertaining to the parts of the oceans at depths between 1000 and 4000 meters deep.


lexentry: eng/bathyscaphe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bathyscaphe
trans_list: bathyscaphe
sense:
A self-propelled deep-sea diving submersible for exploring the ocean depths, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere suspended below a float filled with a buoyant liquid such as petrol.


lexentry: eng/bathysphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bathysphere
trans_list: bathysphère
sense:
A spherical steel deep-diving chamber with perspex windows, in which persons are lowered to the depths by a cable to study the oceans and deep-sea life; the precursor to the bathyscaphe


lexentry: eng/battalion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: battalion
trans_list: bataillon
sense:
(military) An army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters. Traditionally forming part of a regiment.


lexentry: eng/battalion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: battalion
trans_list: bataillon
sense:
(US, military) an army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters; forming part of a brigade.


lexentry: eng/batten__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: batten
trans_list: volige
sense:
(carpentry, construction) A plank or strip of wood, or several of such strips arranged side by side, used in construction to hold members of a structure together, to provide a fixing point, to strengthen, or to prevent warping.


lexentry: eng/batter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: batter
trans_list: pâte
sense:
(cooking, countable, uncountable) A beaten mixture of flour and liquid (usually egg and milk), used for baking (e.g. pancakes, cake, or Yorkshire pudding) or to coat food (e.g. fish) prior to frying.


lexentry: eng/battering_ram__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: battering ram
trans_list: bélier
sense:
A modern device, usually in the form of a metal bar with handles, chiefly used by police and firefighters to force open locked doors.


lexentry: eng/battery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: battery
trans_list: pile | batterie
sense:
(countable, electronics) A device used to power electric devices, consisting of a set of electrically connected electrochemical or, archaically, electrostatic cells. A single such cell when used by itself.


lexentry: eng/battery__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: battery
trans_list: coups et blessures
sense:
(legal) The infliction of unlawful physical violence on a person, legally distinguished from assault, which includes the threat of impending violence.


lexentry: eng/battery_electric_vehicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: battery electric vehicle
trans_list: véhicules électriques à batterie
sense:
A type of electric#Adjective vehicle that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, usually and especially one whose powertrain is entirely electric.


lexentry: eng/batting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: batting
trans_list: bourre | rembourrage
sense:
(sewing) Cotton, wool, silk or synthetic material used to stuff the inside of a mattress, quilt etc.


lexentry: eng/batting_average__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: batting average
trans_list: moyenne au bâton | moyenne à la batte
sense:
(cricket) A statistical estimation of the scoring ability of a batsman; equal to the total number of runs scored divided by the number of times out.


lexentry: eng/batting_average__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: batting average
trans_list: moyenne au bâton | moyenne à la batte
sense:
(baseball) A statistical estimation of the hitting ability of a batter; equal to the number of hits divided by the number of official at-bats. Normally expressed as a real number instead of an average despite the name.


lexentry: eng/battle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: battle
trans_list: bataille | lutte
sense:
(military) A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement.


lexentry: eng/battle__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: battle
trans_list: lutte
sense:
(military, obsolete) The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.


lexentry: eng/battle_axe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: battle axe
trans_list: hache d'armes | hache de guerre
sense:
An ancient military weapon, an axe designed for combat, including (in, _, heraldiccharge) when borne on arms as a mark of prowess.


lexentry: eng/battlecruiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: battlecruiser
trans_list: croiseur de bataille
sense:
(military, nautical) A fast warship with thicker armor and heavier guns than a typical cruiser, but with armor, armament, or both still inferior to that of a dreadnought battleship; designed to act as an advanced scout of the battle fleet and to destroy enemy cruisers.


lexentry: eng/battlecruiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: battlecruiser
trans_list: croiseur de bataille
sense:
(fiction) A warship of intermediate size and/or capability between a heavy cruiser and a (light) battleship.


lexentry: eng/battledore__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: battledore
trans_list: battoir
sense:
(historical) A wooden paddle-shaped bat or beetle used to wash clothes by beating, stirring, or smoothing them.


lexentry: eng/battlement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: battlement
trans_list: rempart
sense:
In fortification: an indented parapet, formed by a series of rising members called cops or merlons, separated by openings called crenelles or embrasures, the soldier sheltering himself behind the merlon while he fires through the embrasure or through a loophole in the battlement.


lexentry: eng/battue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: battue
trans_list: battue
sense:
(uncountable, hunting, often, attributively) A form of hunting in which game is forced into the open by the beating of sticks on bushes, etc. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/baud__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: baud
trans_list: baud
sense:
(computing, telecommunications) A unit of data transmission symbol rate; the number of signalling events per second.


lexentry: eng/bauxite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bauxite
trans_list: bauxite
sense:
The principal ore of aluminium; a clay-like mineral, being a mixture of hydrated oxides and hydroxides.


lexentry: eng/bavarois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bavarois
trans_list: bavarois
sense:
A pudding similar to pastry cream but thickened with gelatin or isinglass instead of flour or cornstarch, and flavoured with liqueur.


lexentry: eng/bay_window__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bay window
trans_list: baie vitrée
sense:
(architecture) A window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room.


lexentry: eng/bayonet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bayonet
trans_list: baïonnette
sense:
(military) A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.


lexentry: eng/bayonet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bayonet
trans_list: baïonnette
sense:
(engineering) A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.


lexentry: eng/be__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: be
trans_list: être
sense:
(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence.


lexentry: eng/be__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: be
trans_list: avoir | être
sense:
(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way.


lexentry: eng/be__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: be
trans_list: être | faire
sense:
(rare, and, regional, chiefly, in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses, the first of which is a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place), and the second of which is a period of time indicating how long ago that day was. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/be__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: be
trans_list: aller | venir | être
sense:
(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of "go".


lexentry: eng/be_born_yesterday__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: be born yesterday
trans_list: ne pas être né de la dernière pluie
sense:
(informal, stative, chiefly in the negative) To be new, naive, innocent, inexperienced, or easily deceived.


lexentry: eng/be_in_for__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: be in for
trans_list: en avoir pour
sense:
(idiomatic) To be able to expect or anticipate; to be about to suffer, generally said of something unpleasant.


lexentry: eng/be_used_to__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: be used to
trans_list: être habitué à
sense:
(intransitive) To be familiar with or accustomed to something or someone through repeated experience; to be acclimated to.


lexentry: eng/be_wrong__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: be wrong
trans_list: avoir tort | méprendre | se tromper
sense:
To have an incorrect belief, to be mistaken about one's judgment or statement concerning something. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/beach_towel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beach towel
trans_list: serviette de plage
sense:
A towel for use at the beach, typically larger than a normal household towel so that a person can use it to lie on the sand.


lexentry: eng/beachcomber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beachcomber
trans_list: batteur de grève
sense:
(nautical) A seaman who is not prepared to work but hangs around port areas living off the charity of others.


lexentry: eng/beachhead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beachhead
trans_list: tête de pont
sense:
(military) An area of hostile territory (especially on a beach) that, when captured, serves for the continuous landing (or movement into position) of further troops and material


lexentry: eng/beacon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: beacon
trans_list: phare
sense:
(nautical) A signal, buoy, post, or other conspicuous mark erected on an eminence near the shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to mariners, particularly to warn vessels of danger.


lexentry: eng/beacon__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: beacon
trans_list: amer
sense:
A high hill or other easily distinguishable object near the shore which can serve as guidance for seafarers.


lexentry: eng/bead_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bead tree
trans_list: margousier | azédarach | lilas de Perse
sense:
Melia azedarach, a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree with poisonous fruit, native to India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia.


lexentry: eng/beagle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beagle
trans_list: briquet | beagle
sense:
A small short-legged smooth-coated scenthound, often tricolored and sometimes used for hunting hares. Its friendly disposition makes it suitable as a family pet.


lexentry: eng/beak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beak
trans_list: bec
sense:
A rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.


lexentry: eng/beak__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: beak
trans_list: éperon
sense:
(nautical) A beam, shod or armed at the end with a metal head or point, and projecting from the prow of an ancient galley, used as a ram to pierce the vessel of an enemy; a beakhead.


lexentry: eng/beaked_whale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beaked whale
trans_list: baleine à bec
sense:
Any of at least 20 species of whales in the family Ziphiidae, known to dive to great depths, but not well understood generally.


lexentry: eng/beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beam
trans_list: madrier | poutre
sense:
(structural) Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.


lexentry: eng/beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: beam
trans_list: ligature | madrier | lien
sense:
(structural) One of the principal horizontal structural members, usually of steel, timber, or concrete, of a building.


lexentry: eng/beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: beam
trans_list: poutre
sense:
(nautical) One of the transverse members of a ship's frame on which the decks are laid, and acting as part of the support for keeping the sides of the vessel in shape — supported at the sides by knees in wooden ships and by stringers in steel ones; cf. abeam, beam-ends.


lexentry: eng/beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: beam
trans_list: poutre | age
sense:
(nautical) The maximum width of a vessel (note that a vessel with a beam of 15 foot can also be said to be 15 foot abeam).


lexentry: eng/beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: beam
trans_list: age
sense:
(agricultural) The central bar of a plow, to which the handles and colter are secured, and to the end of which are attached the oxen or horses that draw it.


lexentry: eng/beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: beam
trans_list: faisceau
sense:
(physics) A ray or collection of approximately parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body.


lexentry: eng/bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bean
trans_list: haricot
sense:
Any plant of several genera of the taxonomic family Fabaceae that produces large edible seeds or edible seedpods.


lexentry: eng/bean_counter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bean counter
trans_list: formaliste
sense:
(idiomatic, mildly, derogatory) A person who is excessively interested in controlling or reducing expenses, increasing profits, or in quantitative details in general. The term is often used to imply the person is a pedant and incapable of seeing other things or the bigger picture (more general things), but it is also widely used as a mildly derogatory term and even facetious synonym for accountants, CEOs, CFOs, business and government officials responsible for financial decisions, etc.


lexentry: eng/beanbag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beanbag
trans_list: fauteuil-sac
sense:
A piece of soft furniture consisting of a leather or vinyl covering stuffed with dry beans or other similar pellets.


lexentry: eng/bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bear
trans_list: ours | ourse
sense:
A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.


lexentry: eng/bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bear
trans_list: baissier
sense:
(finance) An investor who sells commodities, securities, or futures in anticipation of a fall in prices. [1744]


lexentry: eng/bear__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bear
trans_list: supporter | soutenir
sense:
(transitive) To give (written or oral testimony or evidence); (figurative) to provide or constitute (evidence or proof), give witness.


lexentry: eng/bear__Verb__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bear
trans_list: supporter
sense:
(now, _, transitive, _, outside certain set patterns such as 'bear with'; formerly also, _, intransitive) To endure or withstand (hardship, scrutiny, etc.); to tolerate; to be patient (with).


lexentry: eng/bear__Verb__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bear
trans_list: supporter | soutenir
sense:
(transitive) To admit or be capable of (a meaning); to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change.


lexentry: eng/bear_down__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: bear down
trans_list: pousser
sense:
(intransitive) To exert downward pressure on one's abdomen, as in giving birth, forcing out feces, and some similar bodily maneuvers.


lexentry: eng/bear_in_mind__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bear in mind
trans_list: garder à l'esprit | se rappeler
sense:
(transitive, idiomatic) To hold (something) in the memory; to remember; also, to be mindful of or pay attention to (something); to consider; to note.


lexentry: eng/bearberry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bearberry
trans_list: bearberry | busserole
sense:
Any of four dwarf shrubs of formerly all members of the genus Arctostaphylos, three now assigned to genus Arctous, which principally grow in arctic and subarctic regions and bear edible berries.


lexentry: eng/beard_moss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beard moss
trans_list: usnée
sense:
Any of several lichens, of the genus Usnea, that generally grow hanging from tree branches, resembling grey or greenish hair.


lexentry: eng/bearded_seal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bearded seal
trans_list: phoque barbu
sense:
Erignathus barbatus, a medium-sized pinniped with conspicuous whiskers, found in and around the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/bearded_tit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bearded tit
trans_list: panure à moustaches
sense:
A small passerine bird, Panurus biarmicus, of the family Timaliidae, or possibly the monotypic family Panuridae.


lexentry: eng/bearing__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bearing
trans_list: azimut
sense:
(navigation, nautical) The horizontal angle between the direction of an object and another object, or between it and that of true north; a heading or direction.


lexentry: eng/bearskin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bearskin
trans_list: bonnet à poil
sense:
(countable) A tall ceremonial hat worn by members of some British regiments for ceremonial occasions; a busby.


lexentry: eng/beast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beast
trans_list: bête
sense:
(chiefly in Commonwealth English, more specifically) A domestic animal, especially a bovine farm animal.


lexentry: eng/beast_of_burden__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beast of burden
trans_list: bête de somme | bête de charge | animal de trait
sense:
A draught animal, such as a donkey, mule, llama, camel, horse, or ox, that carries or pulls a load for the benefit of a human.


lexentry: eng/beat__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: beat
trans_list: domaine
sense:
(journalism) The primary focus of a reporter's stories (such as police/courts, education, city government, business etc.).


lexentry: eng/beat__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: beat
trans_list: battue
sense:
(hunting) The act of scouring, or ranging over, a tract of land to rouse or drive out game; also, those so engaged, collectively.


lexentry: eng/beat__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: beat
trans_list: battre | vaincre | griller | remonter au vent
sense:
(transitive) To win against; to defeat or overcome; to do or be better than (someone); to excel in a particular, competitive event.


lexentry: eng/beat_to_a_pulp__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: beat to a pulp
trans_list: battre à plate couture | mettre la pâtée
sense:
(transitive, colloquial, loosely) To defeat severely in various, even non-contact, competitive sports.


lexentry: eng/beat_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: beat up
trans_list: se mettre la rate au court-bouillon
sense:
(reflexive) To feel badly guilty and accuse oneself over something. (Usually followed by over or about.)


lexentry: eng/beatification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beatification
trans_list: béatification
sense:
The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; especially, in the Roman Catholic Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the second degree of sanctity, — usually a stage in the process of canonization.


lexentry: eng/beatify__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: beatify
trans_list: béatifier
sense:
(transitive, Roman Catholicism) To carry out the third of four steps in canonization, making someone a blessed.


lexentry: eng/beauty_pageant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beauty pageant
trans_list: concours de beauté
sense:
A competition in which participants compete for a determination that one is the most physically attractive.


lexentry: eng/beauty_sleep__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: beauty sleep
trans_list: roupillon | sommeil réparateur
sense:
(uncountable, chiefly, humorous) Extra sleep; also (generally) , any sleep; (countable) an instance of this; an extra nap.


lexentry: eng/beaver__Noun__4
sense_num: 02
written_rep: beaver
trans_list: chatte | foufoune | minou
sense:
(chiefly, North American) The pubic hair near a vulva or a vulva itself; (attributively) denoting films or literature featuring nude women.


lexentry: eng/bebop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bebop
trans_list: be-bop
sense:
(music genre) An early form of modern jazz played by small groups and featuring driving rhythms and complex, often dissonant harmonies.


lexentry: eng/bec_de_corbin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bec de corbin
trans_list: bec de corbin
sense:
(weaponry, historical) A poleaxe with a modified hammerhead and a spike mounted on the top of the pole.


lexentry: eng/because__Adverb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: because
trans_list: parce que | parce que c'est comme ça
sense:
(by ellipsis) Used alone to refuse to provide a full answer a question begun with "why", usually taken as an anapodoton of the elided full phrase "Because I said so".


lexentry: eng/becket__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: becket
trans_list: boucle
sense:
(nautical) A loop of rope with a knot at one end to catch in an eye at the other end. Used to secure oars etc. at their place.


lexentry: eng/becquerel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: becquerel
trans_list: becquerel
sense:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq


lexentry: eng/bed_and_breakfast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bed and breakfast
sense:
A private home, guesthouse,small hotel etc. where guests are provided overnight accommodations and served breakfast but usually no other meals.

trans_list:
chambre d'hôte | bed and breakfast | bed-and-breakfast | chambre d'hôtes | couette et café | gîte touristique


lexentry: eng/bed_urinal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bed urinal
trans_list: pot de chambre
sense:
A sealable plastic bottle into which a patient urinates when using a bathroom is inconvenient or impossible; often but not always with a long neck reminiscent of a duck.


lexentry: eng/bedbug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bedbug
trans_list: punaise des lits | punaise | punaise de lit
sense:
A small nocturnal insect (Cimex lectularius), of the family Cimicidae, that feeds on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded hosts.


lexentry: eng/bedhead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bedhead
trans_list: tête de lit | têtes de lit
sense:
(colloquial) The condition of having unkempt hair, generally as a result of having just woken up from sleep.


lexentry: eng/bedpan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bedpan
trans_list: bassin hygiénique
sense:
A pan used for urination and defecation while in bed, now usually for reasons of medical necessity or convenience.


lexentry: eng/bedrest__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bedrest
trans_list: repos au lit
sense:
(medicine) Confinement to bed, often under instructions of a physician, in order to recover from an injury, an illness, or the frailty associated with other physical discomforts such as a difficult pregnancy.


lexentry: eng/bedrock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bedrock
trans_list: roche mère | soubassement
sense:
(uncountable, geology, mining, engineering, construction) The solid rock that exists at some depth below the ground surface. Bedrock is rock "in place", as opposed to material that has been transported from another location by weathering and erosion.


lexentry: eng/bedroom_community__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bedroom community
trans_list: cité-dortoir | village-dortoir | ville-dortoir
sense:
(urban studies) An urban community that is primarily or exclusively residential, as due to zoning, from which most of the workforce commutes out to earn their livelihood; often a suburb of a nearby metropolis that workers travel to daily.


lexentry: eng/bedsit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bedsit
trans_list: studio
sense:
(British, Ireland) A form of rented accommodation consisting of a single room for use as both sitting room and bedroom; there may also be a small kitchen area and washing and toilet facilities, but these amenities are more commonly outside the room and shared by several tenants.


lexentry: eng/bedsore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bedsore
trans_list: escarre | plaie de pression
sense:
(medicine, usually, in the plural, dated) A lesion caused by unrelieved pressure to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas, such as frequently develops on a person confined to a bed by infirmity.


lexentry: eng/bee-eater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bee-eater
trans_list: guêpier
sense:
Any of various brightly-coloured, insectivorous, near-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, especially the European bee-eater, Merops apiaster.


lexentry: eng/bee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bee
trans_list: abeille
sense:
A flying insect, of the clade Anthophila within the hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea, known for its organised societies (though only a minority have them), for collecting pollen and (in some species) producing wax and honey.


lexentry: eng/bee_fly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bee fly
trans_list: bombyle
sense:
Any of the flies in the family Bombyliidae, with adults that look like bumblebees and larvae that are parasitic on the eggs or larvae of other insects.


lexentry: eng/bee_hummingbird__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bee hummingbird
trans_list: colibri d'Elena | colibri-abeille
sense:
A species of hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae, native to Cuba, noted for being the smallest living bird.


lexentry: eng/bee_sting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bee sting
trans_list: piqûre d’abeille
sense:
A hypodermic puncture from a bee, resulting in envenomation and often involving the penetration and lodging of the stinger.


lexentry: eng/beebread__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beebread
trans_list: pain d'abeille
sense:
Bee pollen with added honey and bee secretions, made and stored in brood cells by forager bees, and used as food for worker bees and larvae.


lexentry: eng/beech__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beech
trans_list: hêtre
sense:
A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches.


lexentry: eng/beef__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beef
trans_list: bœuf
sense:
(in the meat industry, on, _, product packaging) The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat).


lexentry: eng/beehive__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: beehive
trans_list: choucroute
sense:
A women's hairstyle, popular in the 1960s, in which long hair is styled into a hive-shaped form on top of the head and usually held in place with lacquer.


lexentry: eng/beeline__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: beeline
trans_list: à vol d'oiseau
sense:
(mining, chiefly, historical) A dynamite fuse made with a small quantity of dynamite powder along its length, so that the spark travels quickly and at a specific known rate.


lexentry: eng/been_there,_done_that__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: been there, done that
trans_list: déjà vu, déjà fait
sense:
(idiomatic, ironic) An assertion that the speaker has personal experience or knowledge of a particular place or topic and is not too keen on revisiting or redoing it again.


lexentry: eng/beep__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: beep
trans_list: biper
sense:
(transitive) To telephone a person, only allowing the phone to ring once, in order to request a call back.


lexentry: eng/beer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beer
trans_list: bière
sense:
(uncountable) An alcoholic drink fermented from starch material, commonly barley malt; often with hops or some other substance (like gruit) to impart a bitter flavor.


lexentry: eng/beer_belly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beer belly
trans_list: sac à bière | panse à bière
sense:
A protruding belly caused by excess fat stored in the abdomen and colloquially attributed to the consumption of beer.


lexentry: eng/beer_garden__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beer garden
trans_list: brasserie avec terrasse
sense:
The outdoor section of a public house, where customers can sit in the sun and enjoy their beverages.


lexentry: eng/beer_mat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beer mat
trans_list: sous-bock
sense:
A small square cardboard mat, often with an advertisement for a brewery on it, that is used to rest one's glass on, and to protect the surface of a table or a bar in a pub.


lexentry: eng/beerstone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beerstone
trans_list: bierstein
sense:
(uncountable) A precipitate of calcium oxalate and related organic compounds which forms in brewery vessels and other equipment for handling and serving beer.


lexentry: eng/beeswax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beeswax
trans_list: cire d'abeille | cire d’abeille
sense:
A wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods.


lexentry: eng/beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beetle
trans_list: scarabée | coccinelle
sense:
Any of numerous species of insect in the order Coleoptera characterized by a pair of hard, shell-like front wings which cover and protect a pair of rear wings when at rest.


lexentry: eng/beetroot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beetroot
trans_list: betterave
sense:
(UK, NZ, AU) A normally deep-red-coloured root vegetable usually cooked or pickled before eating; Synonym of beet.


lexentry: eng/beggars_can't_be_choosers__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beggars can't be choosers
trans_list: faute de grives, on mange des merles
sense:
(idiom) Something is better than nothing: those who can't provide for themselves should accept whatever help is available.


lexentry: eng/beginning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beginning
trans_list: commencement | début
sense:
(uncountable) The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or states.


lexentry: eng/begrime__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: begrime
trans_list: salir
sense:
(transitive) To ingrain grime or dirt which is difficult to remove into (something); also (more generally) , to make (something) dirty; to soil.


lexentry: eng/beguine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beguine
trans_list: beguine
sense:
A ballroom dance, similar to a slow rumba, originally from French West Indies and popularized abroad largely through the song "Begin the Beguine"; the music for the dance.


lexentry: eng/behaviorism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: behaviorism
trans_list: comportementalisme | béhaviorisme
sense:
An approach to psychology focusing on observable behavior which, generally assuming that behavior is determined by the environment and denying any independent significance for mind, largely ignores any pathophysiological processes which may, or may not, underlie subjective, behavioral phenomena.


lexentry: eng/behavioural_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: behavioural science
trans_list: science comportementale
sense:
The systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behaviour through controlled and naturalistic observation and disciplined scientific experimentation.


lexentry: eng/behest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: behest
trans_list: demande
sense:
A command, bidding; sometimes also, an authoritative request; now usually in the phrase at the behest of. [from 12th c.]


lexentry: eng/bejel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bejel
trans_list: lépre du nord | maladie de Scherlievo | pian de Nérac
sense:
Endemic syphilis, a chronic disease of skin and tissue caused by infection by a subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum.


lexentry: eng/bel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bel
trans_list: bel
sense:
A measure of relative power, defined as log10(P 1/P 2), where P1 and P2 are the measured and reference power respectively.


lexentry: eng/believe__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: believe
trans_list: croire | penser
sense:
(transitive) To accept as true, particularly without absolute certainty (i.e., as opposed to knowing).


lexentry: eng/believe_one's_eyes__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: believe one's eyes
trans_list: en croire ses yeux
sense:
(idiom, chiefly in the negative) To believe that something which one directly sees is truly the case.


lexentry: eng/belittle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: belittle
trans_list: déprécier | rabaisser
sense:
(transitive) To knowingly say that something is smaller or less important than it actually is, especially as a way of showing contempt or deprecation. [from 1782]


lexentry: eng/bell-bottoms__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bell-bottoms
trans_list: pattes d'éléphant
sense:
(plurale tantum) Pants that are flared from the knee downwards, a characteristic style of the 1970s.


lexentry: eng/bell-gable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bell-gable
trans_list: clocher-mur
sense:
(architecture) An element crowning the upper end of the wall of a church and in which a bell is hung, usually in lieu of a campanile or bell tower.


lexentry: eng/bell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bell
trans_list: cloche
sense:
A percussive instrument made of metal or other hard material, typically but not always in the shape of an inverted cup with a flared rim, which resonates when struck.


lexentry: eng/bell__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bell
trans_list: sonnette
sense:
An instrument that emits a ringing sound, situated on a bicycle's handlebar and used by the cyclist to warn of their presence.


lexentry: eng/bell__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: bell
trans_list: pavillon
sense:
(architecture) The part of the capital of a column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist within the leafage of a capital.


lexentry: eng/bell_pepper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bell pepper
trans_list: poivron
sense:
(North America, Philippines) Capsicum annuum, an edible spicy-sweet fruit, originating in the New World.


lexentry: eng/bellflower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bellflower
trans_list: campanule
sense:
Flowering plants in the genera, Campanulastrum, Codonopsis, or Platycodon, in the family Campanulaceae.


lexentry: eng/bellicist__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bellicist
trans_list: belliciste
sense:
Of or relating to bellicism, a bellicist, bellicists, advocating war, who is war-centered or war-oriented.


lexentry: eng/bellows__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bellows
trans_list: soufflet
sense:
A device for delivering pressurized air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location. At its most simple terms a bellows is a container which is deformable in such a way as to alter its volume which has an outlet or outlets where one wishes to blow air.


lexentry: eng/bells__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bells
trans_list: verre
sense:
(nautical) Ship's bells; the strokes on a ship's bell, every half-hour, to mark the passage of time.


lexentry: eng/belly_flop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: belly flop
trans_list: plat
sense:
(diving) A style of diving into a body of water in which the surface impact is made mostly by one's abdomen.


lexentry: eng/belt__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: belt
trans_list: ceinture | région
sense:
(usually, capitalized) A geographical region known for a particular product, feature or demographic (Corn Belt, Bible Belt, Black Belt, Green Belt).


lexentry: eng/bench__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: bench
trans_list: banc
sense:
A horizontal padded surface, usually adjustable in height and inclination and often with attached weight rack, used for proper posture during exercise.


lexentry: eng/bench_grinder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bench grinder
trans_list: touret à meuler
sense:
A grinder, typically with a pair of grinding wheels (one at each end of the motor shaft) that is designed to be permanently mounted on a workbench.


lexentry: eng/bench_press__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bench press
trans_list: développé couché
sense:
(weightlifting) An exercise performed by pressing the weight of a barbell away from one's body while lying on a bench.


lexentry: eng/bend__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: bend
trans_list: bande
sense:
(heraldiccharge) One of the honourable ordinaries formed by two diagonal lines drawn from the dexter chief to the sinister base; it generally occupies a fifth part of the shield if uncharged, but if charged one third.


lexentry: eng/bend__Verb__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: bend
trans_list: courber | plier | tordre | pencher | baisser | soumettre
sense:
(transitive, nautical) To tie, as in securing a line to a cleat; to shackle a chain to an anchor; make fast.


lexentry: eng/bend_sinister__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bend sinister
trans_list: barre
sense:
(heraldiccharge) A diagonal band on a coat of arms going from the sinister chief (the viewer's top right) to the dexter base, sometimes held to indicate bastardy.


lexentry: eng/bend_the_truth__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bend the truth
trans_list: déformer la vérité
sense:
(idiomatic) To change or leave out certain facts of a story or situation, generally in order to elicit a specific response in the audience.


lexentry: eng/benediction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benediction
trans_list: bénédiction
sense:
A short invocation for help, blessing and guidance from God, said on behalf of another person or persons (sometimes at the end of a church worship service).


lexentry: eng/benefactive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benefactive case
trans_list: bénéfactif
sense:
(grammatical case) A case used to indicate beneficiary, or the receiver of the benefit. It corresponds roughly to the English prepositions for, for the benefit of, in the interests of, intended for, and on behalf of.


lexentry: eng/beneficiary__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: beneficiary
trans_list: bénéficiaire
sense:
(especially, trust law) One who benefits from the distribution, especially out of a trust or estate.


lexentry: eng/bentwood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bentwood
trans_list: bois cintré
sense:
(woodworking, countable, _, and, _, uncountable, sometimes) Lengths of wood that have been made pliable by heating with steam and then bent into the appropriate shape (to make furniture, ships' hulls, etc.).


lexentry: eng/benzaldehyde__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzaldehyde
trans_list: benzaldéhyde
sense:
(organic compound, uncountable) A chemical compound (C6H5CHO) consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent.


lexentry: eng/benzene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzene
trans_list: benzène
sense:
(organic compound) An aromatic hydrocarbon of formula C6H6 whose structure consists of a ring of alternate single and double bonds.


lexentry: eng/benzodiazepine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzodiazepine
trans_list: benzodiazépine
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a class of psychoactive drugs, structured upon diazepine, used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and other related disorders.


lexentry: eng/benzofuran__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzofuran
trans_list: benzofurane
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of bicyclic heterocycles consisting of a benzene ring fused with one of furan.


lexentry: eng/benzoic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzoic acid
trans_list: acide benzoïque
sense:
(carboxylic acid) A white crystalline organic acid, C6H5COOH; the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid; used as a food preservative and in many other industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/benzoin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzoin
trans_list: benjoin | benzoïne
sense:
A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/benzol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzol
trans_list: benzol
sense:
(organic chemistry) An impure benzene (mixed with toluene etc), used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes.


lexentry: eng/benzopyrene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzopyrene
trans_list: benzopyrène
sense:
(organic compound) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (having five fused benzene rings) that is both mutagenic and carcinogenic


lexentry: eng/benzoyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: benzoyl
trans_list: benzoyle
sense:
(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formally derived from benzoic acid, C6H5CO-, by removal of the hydroxyl group


lexentry: eng/beret__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beret
trans_list: béret
sense:
A type of round, brimless cap with a soft top and a headband to secure it to the head; usually culturally associated with France.


lexentry: eng/bergshrund__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bergshrund
trans_list: rimaye
sense:
(geology) A large crack or crevasse in a glacier where the glacier is pulling away from the mountain.


lexentry: eng/beriberi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beriberi
trans_list: béribéri
sense:
(pathology) An ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.


lexentry: eng/beryllium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beryllium
trans_list: béryllium
sense:
The chemical element (symbol Be) with an atomic number of 4; a soft silvery-white low density alkaline earth metal with specialist industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/besides__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: besides
trans_list: en outre | en plus | de plus | au reste | d'ailleurs | d'autre part
sense:
(conjunctive) Used to emphasize an additional point, especially an important or stronger reason; moreover; furthermore.


lexentry: eng/besiege__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: besiege
trans_list: assiéger
sense:
(transitive) To beset or surround with armed forces for the purpose of compelling to surrender, to lay siege to, beleaguer.


lexentry: eng/besot__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: besot
trans_list: engourdir
sense:
(transitive) To muddle, stupefy, or cause to act foolishly, as with alcoholic liquor or infatuation.


lexentry: eng/bespeak__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bespeak
trans_list: précommander
sense:
(transitive) To speak for beforehand; engage in advance; make arrangements for; order or reserve in advance.


lexentry: eng/best_boy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: best boy
trans_list: second électricien
sense:
(film production) The first assistant to either the key grip (in charge of camera placement and movement) or the gaffer (in charge of lighting and electrics).


lexentry: eng/bestow__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bestow
trans_list: accorder | conférer | décerner | remettre
sense:
To impart (something) gratuitously; to present (something) to someone or something, especially as a gift or an honour; to confer, to give.


lexentry: eng/bestride__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bestride
trans_list: chevaucher
sense:
(transitive) To be astride something, to stand over or sit on with legs on either side, especially to sit on a horse.


lexentry: eng/bet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bet
trans_list: pari
sense:
A wager, an agreement between two parties that a stake (usually money) will be paid by the loser to the winner (the winner being the one who correctly forecast the outcome of an event).


lexentry: eng/beta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beta
trans_list: bêta
sense:
The second letter of the Greek alphabet (Β, β), preceded by alpha (Α, α) and followed by gamma, (Γ, γ). In modern Greek it represents the voiced labiodental fricative sound of v found in the English words have and vase.


lexentry: eng/beta_blocker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beta blocker
trans_list: bêta-bloquant
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A blocking agent, one of a class of drugs used to treat hypertension and control the rate at which the heart beats.


lexentry: eng/beta_ray__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beta ray
trans_list: rayon bêta
sense:
A stream of beta particles (fast-moving electrons propagating through a gas or vacuum), such as emitted by a radioactive substance.


lexentry: eng/beta_version__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beta version
trans_list: version bêta
sense:
(computing) An early version of a program or application that contains most of the major features, but is not yet complete. Sometimes these versions are released only to a select group of people, or to the general public, for testing and feedback. This is the second major stage of development following the alpha version, and comes before the release candidate.


lexentry: eng/betaine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: betaine
trans_list: bétaïne
sense:
(uncountable, organic compound) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH3)3N+CH2COO-


lexentry: eng/betide__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: betide
trans_list: échoir
sense:
(transitive) Often used in a prediction (chiefly in woe betide) or a wish: to happen to (someone or something); to befall.


lexentry: eng/betoken__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: betoken
trans_list: prédire
sense:
(transitive) To foreshow by present signs; indicate something future by that which is seen or known.


lexentry: eng/betray__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: betray
trans_list: trahir | livrer
sense:
(transitive) To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly.


lexentry: eng/betray__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: betray
trans_list: trahir
sense:
(transitive) To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive.


lexentry: eng/betray__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: betray
trans_list: trahir
sense:
(transitive) To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a secret, or that which one is bound in honor not to make known.


lexentry: eng/betrothal__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: betrothal
trans_list: fiançailles | accordailles
sense:
The fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between two people.


lexentry: eng/better_safe_than_sorry__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: better safe than sorry
trans_list: mieux vaut prévenir que guérir
sense:
It is preferable to be cautious in one's choices and actions than to act recklessly and suffer afterwards.


lexentry: eng/between__Preposition__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: between
trans_list: entre
sense:
In the position or interval that separates (two things), or intermediate in quantity or degree. (See Usage notes below.)


lexentry: eng/between_a_rock_and_a_hard_place__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: between a rock and a hard place
trans_list: entre la peste et le choléra | entre le marteau et l'enclume
sense:
(idiomatic) Having the choice between two unpleasant or distasteful options; in a predicament or quandary.


lexentry: eng/between_the_hammer_and_the_anvil__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: between the hammer and the anvil
trans_list: entre le marteau et l'enclume | la peste ou le choléra
sense:
(chiefly, UK, idiomatic) With the choice between two unpleasant or distasteful options; in a predicament or quandary.


lexentry: eng/beverage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beverage
trans_list: boisson | breuvage
sense:
(mostly, North America) A liquid to consume; a drink, such as tea, coffee, liquor, beer, milk, juice, or soft drinks, usually excluding water.


lexentry: eng/bevor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bevor
trans_list: bavière
sense:
(historical) A portion of plate armour to protect the lower face and the neck, typically in two parts, called upper bevor and lower bevor.


lexentry: eng/beyond_a_reasonable_doubt__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beyond a reasonable doubt
trans_list: au-delà de tout doute raisonnable
sense:
(legal) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a criminal charge, requiring evidence that is sufficient to eliminate any doubts that a reasonable person might entertain about whether a claim is more likely to be true than not.


lexentry: eng/beyond_the_pale__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: beyond the pale
trans_list: dépasser les bornes | inacceptable | inadmissible
sense:
(idiomatic) Of a person or their behaviour: outside the bounds of what is acceptable, or regarded as good judgment, morality, ethics, etc.


lexentry: eng/bezant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bezant
trans_list: besant
sense:
(history) A coin made of gold or silver, minted at Byzantium and used in currency throughout mediaeval Europe.


lexentry: eng/bezel__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bezel
trans_list: chaton | monture
sense:
The rim and flange which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, such as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.


lexentry: eng/bezoar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bezoar
trans_list: bézoard
sense:
A mass, usually of hair or undigested vegetable matter, found in a human or animal's intestines, similar to a hairball.


lexentry: eng/bezoar_goat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bezoar goat
trans_list: chèvre égagre
sense:
A wild goat, Capra aegagrus, native to Asia Minor and the Middle East and also found on Crete, now believed ancestral to the domestic goat.


lexentry: eng/bhikkhu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bhikkhu
trans_list: bhikshu
sense:
A male Buddhist monk or priest; one who follows all Buddhist precepts as a full member of the sangha.


lexentry: eng/bi-curious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bi-curious
trans_list: bi-curieux
sense:
(LGBT) Interested in having relationships with both men and women, curious about one's potential bisexuality; especially, of heterosexual people, considering a first sexual experience with a member of the same sex.


lexentry: eng/biangbiang_noodles__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biangbiang noodles
trans_list: nouilles biang biang
sense:
A type of thick noodle from China's Shaanxi province, said to be named for the sound a noodle makes when slapped against the work surface while being made, and famed for the unusually complex Chinese character used in its name ([[఻ޣChinese|఻ޝ]／[[఻ݣChinese|఻ݝ]).


lexentry: eng/bias__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: bias
trans_list: biais
sense:
(statistics) The difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.


lexentry: eng/biathlon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biathlon
trans_list: biathlon
sense:
(winter sports, uncountable) Racing combining cross-country skiing and rifle shooting; (countable) a particular instance of such a race.


lexentry: eng/biaxial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: biaxial
trans_list: biaxe | biaxial
sense:
(mathematics, astronomy) Having two axes of rotation and two planes of symmetry (e.g. having the shape of a spheroid)


lexentry: eng/bib__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bib
trans_list: bavoir | bavette
sense:
An item of clothing for people (especially babies) tied around their neck to protect their clothes from getting dirty when eating.


lexentry: eng/bib__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bib
trans_list: dossard
sense:
(sports) A rectangular piece of material, carrying a bib number, worn as identification by entrants in a race.


lexentry: eng/bib__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: bib
trans_list: chasuble
sense:
(sports) A colourful polyester or plastic vest worn over one's clothes, usually to mark one's team during group activities.


lexentry: eng/bibimbap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bibimbap
trans_list: bibimbap
sense:
A Korean dish of white rice topped with vegetables, beef, a whole egg, and gochujang (chili pepper paste).


lexentry: eng/bible__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bible
trans_list: Bible | bible
sense:
(by extension) A comprehensive manual that describes something, or a publication with a loyal readership.


lexentry: eng/bibliography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bibliography
trans_list: bibliographie
sense:
A section of a written work containing citations, not quotations, to all the books referred to in the work.


lexentry: eng/bibliometrics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bibliometrics
trans_list: bibliométrie
sense:
The statistical analysis of texts, especially of published literature and especially of reference citations as semantically important connections between articles.


lexentry: eng/bibliotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bibliotherapy
trans_list: bibliothérapie
sense:
A nonpharmacological therapy using reading materials to meet people’s therapeutic or developmental needs.


lexentry: eng/bicameral__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bicameral
trans_list: bicaméral
sense:
Being or having a system with two, often unequal, chambers or compartments; of, signifying, relating to, or being the product of such a two-chambered system.


lexentry: eng/bicameralism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bicameralism
trans_list: bicaméralisme
sense:
(government) The practice of dividing legislative bodies into two chambers with complementary powers and limitations designed to provide checks and balances against one another.


lexentry: eng/bicarbonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bicarbonate
trans_list: bicarbonate
sense:
(chemistry) the univalent anion HCO3-; any salt of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced. [from 1814]


lexentry: eng/bicorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bicorn
trans_list: bicorne
sense:
(historical) A two-cornered hat worn by European and American military and naval officers from the 1790s.


lexentry: eng/bicycle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bicycle
trans_list: bicyclette | vélo | vélocipède
sense:
A vehicle that has two wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s feet upon pedals.


lexentry: eng/bicycle__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bicycle
trans_list: faire de la bicyclette | faire du vélo | pédaler | rouler à vélo
sense:
(television, historical, transitive) To physically ship (a recorded programme) to another broadcasting entity.


lexentry: eng/biddy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biddy
trans_list: rombière
sense:
(derogatory) A woman, especially an old woman; especially one regarded as fussy or mean or a gossipy busybody.


lexentry: eng/bidet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bidet
trans_list: bidet
sense:
A low-mounted plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the external genitalia and the anus.


lexentry: eng/bidon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bidon
trans_list: bidon
sense:
A bottle or flask for holding a beverage such as water or wine; (specifically, sports) a water bottle which can be squeezed to squirt the beverage out of the nozzle, especially (cycling) one designed for mounting on a bicycle.


lexentry: eng/biennial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biennial
trans_list: bisannuelle
sense:
A plant that requires two years to complete its life-cycle, germinating and growing in its first year, then producing its flowers and fruit in its second year, after which it usually dies.


lexentry: eng/bifocals__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bifocals
trans_list: verres bifocaux | verres double foyer
sense:
Spectacles that have corrective lenses of two different powers; used by people who need both distance and reading glasses.


lexentry: eng/big_baby__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: big baby
trans_list: gros bébé
sense:
(derogatory) An adult or youth prone to immature behavior associated with babies, such as tantrums or pouting.


lexentry: eng/big_break__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: big break
trans_list: percée
sense:
(entertainment, idiomatic) A breakthrough, especially the first big hit of a previously unknown performer or performers in the entertainment industry.


lexentry: eng/big_cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: big cat
trans_list: fauve
sense:
Any large feline animal, especially one of the Panthera genus, including tigers, lions, jaguars and leopards.


lexentry: eng/big_data__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: big data
trans_list: mégadonnées
sense:
Data on a very large scale, such that it can only be gathered or processed with computers, especially with reference to its potential to allow for new breakthroughs or understanding in a particular field of study.


lexentry: eng/big_mouth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: big mouth
trans_list: grande gueule
sense:
(idiomatic) The mouth of someone who talks too much, especially by making exaggerated claims or by inappropriately revealing information.


lexentry: eng/big_mouth__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: big mouth
trans_list: grande gueule
sense:
(idiomatic) A person who talks too much, especially by making exaggerated claims or by inappropriately revealing information.


lexentry: eng/big_toe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: big toe
trans_list: gros orteil | pouce du pied | hallux
sense:
(anatomy) The largest toe (usually) on each human foot (i.e. the toe closest to the other foot when the feet are flat on the ground, side by side, and the legs not crossed) or on a foot of certain other animals.


lexentry: eng/bigorexia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bigorexia
trans_list: bigorexie
sense:
(medicine) A mental disorder in which the sufferer perceives himself to have inadequate musculature; most common among bodybuilders


lexentry: eng/bigot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bigot
trans_list: intolérant | sectaire | fanatique
sense:
One who is narrow-mindedly devoted to their own ideas and groups, and intolerant of (people of) differing ideas, races, genders, religions, politics, etc.


lexentry: eng/bigotry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bigotry
trans_list: bigoterie
sense:
Characteristic qualities of a bigot: (especially religious, anti-religious or racial) intolerant prejudice, opinionatedness, or fanaticism; fanatic intolerance.


lexentry: eng/bikini_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bikini line
trans_list: maillot
sense:
The part of a woman's pubic region not covered by a swimsuit; normally shaved or waxed free of pubic hair.


lexentry: eng/bildungsroman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bildungsroman
trans_list: bildungsroman | roman d'apprentissage
sense:
A novel tracing the spiritual, moral, psychological, or social development and growth of the main character, usually from childhood to maturity.


lexentry: eng/bile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bile
trans_list: bile | fiel
sense:
A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.


lexentry: eng/bilin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bilin
trans_list: biline
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of various biological pigments formed in many organisms as a metabolic product of certain porphyrins.


lexentry: eng/bilinear__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bilinear
trans_list: bilinéaire
sense:
(linear algebra, of a function in two variables) Linear (preserving linear combinations) in each variable.


lexentry: eng/bilious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bilious
trans_list: bilieux | insuffisant hépatique
sense:
(pathology) Suffering from real or supposed liver disorder, especially excessive secretions of bile.


lexentry: eng/bilirubin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bilirubin
trans_list: bilirubine
sense:
(biochemistry) A bile pigment that is a product of the breakdown of the heme portion of hemoglobin (which occurs within macrophages as they digest red blood cells), and which is responsible for the yellowish color seen in bruises. Extremely high levels of bilirubin may cause jaundice.


lexentry: eng/biliverdin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biliverdin
trans_list: biliverdine
sense:
(biochemistry) A green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, a product of heme catabolism, responsible for the greenish color sometimes seen in bruises.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bill
trans_list: facture
sense:
A written list or inventory. (Now obsolete except in specific senses or set phrases; bill of lading, bill of goods, etc.)


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bill
trans_list: acte | note | tract
sense:
A document, originally sealed; a formal statement or official memorandum. (Now obsolete except with certain qualifying words; bill of health, bill of sale etc.)


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: bill
trans_list: greffe
sense:
(obsolete, law) A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: bill
trans_list: addition | facture
sense:
A written note of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with the price or charge; an invoice.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bill
trans_list: bec
sense:
The beak of a bird, especially when small or flattish; sometimes also used with reference to a platypus, turtle, or other animal.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bill
trans_list: hallebarde
sense:
Any of various bladed or pointed hand weapons, originally designating an Anglo-Saxon sword, and later a weapon of infantry, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries, commonly consisting of a broad, heavy, double-edged, hook-shaped blade, with a short pike at the back and another at the top, attached to the end of a long staff.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__3
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bill
trans_list: serpe | serpette
sense:
A cutting instrument, with hook-shaped point, and fitted with a handle, used in pruning, etc.; a billhook.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__3
sense_num: 05
written_rep: bill
trans_list: bec
sense:
(nautical) The extremity of the arm of an anchor; the point of or beyond the fluke (also called the peak).


lexentry: eng/bill_of_fare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bill of fare
trans_list: carte | menu
sense:
(old-fashioned) A written or printed enumeration of the dishes served at a banquet, or of the dishes (with prices listed) that may be ordered at a restaurant, etc.


lexentry: eng/bill_of_lading__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bill of lading
trans_list: connaissement
sense:
(shipping) A document issued by a carrier (e.g. master of a ship or the ship owner's agent) to a shipper listing a ship's cargo, acknowledging receipt of said cargo, and specifying terms for its delivery.


lexentry: eng/bill_of_materials__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bill of materials
trans_list: nomenclature
sense:
(manufacturing, computing) A computerized list of materials and components, structured in a manner to support computer-based materials procurement and production scheduling.


lexentry: eng/billboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: billboard
trans_list: panneau d'affichage
sense:
(nautical) A piece of thick plank, armed with iron plates, and fixed on the bow or fore-channels of a vessel, for the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on.


lexentry: eng/billhook__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: billhook
trans_list: serpe | serpette
sense:
An agricultural hand tool often with a curved or hooked end to the blade used for pruning or cutting thick, woody plants.


lexentry: eng/billhook__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: billhook
trans_list: serpe | serpette
sense:
(written as bill-hook) A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery).


lexentry: eng/billiard_table__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: billiard table
trans_list: table de billard
sense:
(sports, billiards, snooker) A heavy felt-covered table fitted with six pockets along the perimeter used in the games of pool, billiards or snooker.


lexentry: eng/billiards__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: billiards
trans_list: billards | billard
sense:
(games, British) A two-player cue sport played with two cue balls and one red ball, on a snooker sized table.


lexentry: eng/billing__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: billing
trans_list: facturation
sense:
The tracking of bills and amounts owed; the department within an institution or business that deals with the tracking of bills and amounts owed.


lexentry: eng/billion__Numeral__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: billion
trans_list: milliard | billion
sense:
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) a thousand million (logic: 1,000 × 1,0002): 1 followed by nine zeros, 109; a milliard


lexentry: eng/billion__Numeral__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: billion
trans_list: billion
sense:
(dated, British & Australian, long scale) A million million (logic: 1,000,0002): a 1 followed by twelve zeros; 1012


lexentry: eng/bimetallism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bimetallism
trans_list: bimétallisme
sense:
(economics) The use of a monetary standard based upon two different metals, traditionally gold and silver usually in a fixed ratio of values.


lexentry: eng/bimoraic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bimoraic
trans_list: bimorique
sense:
(phonology, of a syllable) Having two morae, i.e. being composed of either two short vowels, or one long vowel, or a diphthong.


lexentry: eng/bin__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bin
trans_list: benner
sense:
(chiefly, British, informal) To dispose of (something) by putting it into a bin, or as if putting it into a bin.


lexentry: eng/binary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: binary
trans_list: binaire
sense:
(mathematics, programming, computer engineering) Of an operation, function, procedure, or logic gate, taking exactly two operands, arguments, parameters, or inputs; having domain of dimension 2.


lexentry: eng/binary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: binary
trans_list: binaire
sense:
(computing) Of data, consisting coded values (e.g. machine code) not interpretable as plain or ASCII text (e.g. source code).


lexentry: eng/binary__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: binary
trans_list: binarité
sense:
(mathematics, computing, uncountable) The bijective base-2 numeral system, which uses only the digits 0 and 1.


lexentry: eng/binary_relation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binary relation
trans_list: relation binaire
sense:
(set theory, order theory, "on" a set A) A subset of the Cartesian product A×A (the set of ordered pairs (a, b) of elements of A).


lexentry: eng/binary_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binary tree
trans_list: arbre binaire
sense:
(mathematics, computer science) A data structure in which each node has at most two children, each node but the root has one parent, and there are no cycles.


lexentry: eng/bind__Verb__1
sense_num: 18
written_rep: bind
trans_list: lier | connecter
sense:
(transitive, computer programming) To process one or more object modules into an executable program.


lexentry: eng/bind__Verb__1
sense_num: 20
written_rep: bind
trans_list: lier | connecter
sense:
(intransitive, , LGBT) To wear a binder so as to flatten one's chest to give the appearance of a flat chest, usually done by trans men.


lexentry: eng/binding_agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binding agent
trans_list: agent gélifiant
sense:
synonym of binder (chemical or other substance): A material or substance that holds other materials together mechanically, chemically, or as an adhesive, to form a cohesive whole.


lexentry: eng/bindle__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bindle
trans_list: balluchon
sense:
(Canada, US, , slang) Any bundle or package; specifically one containing narcotics such as cocaine, heroin, or morphine.


lexentry: eng/binge-watch__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: To watch multiple episodes of a television programme in a short period of time.
written_rep: binge-watch
trans_list:
marathoner | visionnage en rafale | visionnement en rafale | visionner boulimiquement | écoute en rafale


lexentry: eng/binge__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: binge
trans_list: tube
sense:
(by extension) A compressed period of an activity done in excess, such as watching a television show.


lexentry: eng/bingo__Interjection__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bingo
trans_list: ça y est
sense:
(informal) Used when finding what one has been looking for or trying to recall, or on successful completion of a task.


lexentry: eng/bingo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bingo
trans_list: bingo
sense:
(uncountable) A game of chance for two or more players, who mark off numbers on a grid as they are announced by the caller; the game is won by the first person to call out "bingo!" or "house!" after crossing off all numbers on the grid or in one line of the grid.


lexentry: eng/bingo__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: bingo
trans_list: scrabble
sense:
(countable, Scrabble, US) A play where all seven of a player's letter tiles are played, awarding a score bonus.


lexentry: eng/binky__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binky
trans_list: doudou
sense:
(informal, childish) A stuffed animal, pillow, blanket, or toy that a small child is more attached to than any other, and often sleeps with.


lexentry: eng/binnacle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binnacle
trans_list: habitacle
sense:
(nautical) The wooden housing for a ship's compass, with its corrector magnets and illuminating arrangements. The log and other equipment for measuring the ship's speed are also stowed there.


lexentry: eng/binoculars__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binoculars
trans_list: jumelles | jumelle
sense:
A hand-held device consisting of a series of lenses and prisms, used to magnify objects so that they can be better seen from a distance, and looked at through both eyes.


lexentry: eng/binomial_coefficient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binomial coefficient
trans_list: coefficient binomial
sense:
(combinatorics) a coefficient of any of the terms in the expansion of the binomial (x+y)n, defined by {n \choose k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}, read as "n choose k"


lexentry: eng/binomial_name__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binomial name
trans_list: nom binomial
sense:
(taxonomy) A scientific name at the rank of species, with two terms: a generic name and a specific name.


lexentry: eng/binomial_nomenclature__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: binomial nomenclature
trans_list: nom binominal
sense:
(taxonomy) The scientific system of naming each species of organism with a Latinized name in two parts; the first is the genus, and is written with an initial capital letter; the second is some specific epithet that distinguishes the species within the genus. By convention, the whole name is typeset in italics. The genus part is often abbreviated to its initial letter e.g. H. sapiens for Homo sapiens


lexentry: eng/bio-inspired__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bio-inspired
trans_list: bio-inspiré | bioinspiré
sense:
(mathematics, scientific, engineering) Ideas inspired by mechanisms or laws operating in biological organisms, e.g. neural networks.


lexentry: eng/bioaccumulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bioaccumulation
trans_list: bioaccumulation
sense:
(biology) The process by which substances accumulate in the tissues of living organisms; used especially of toxic substances that accumulate via a food chain.


lexentry: eng/bioaccumulative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bioaccumulative
trans_list: bioaccumulatif
sense:
(of a substance) That tends to accumulate in an organism when the organism's ability to remove it is insufficient.


lexentry: eng/bioacoustics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bioacoustics
trans_list: bioacoustique
sense:
A cross-disciplinary science that combines biology and acoustics, investigating for instance the mechanisms of sound production and detection.


lexentry: eng/bioaerosol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bioaerosol
trans_list: bioaérosol
sense:
An aerosol containing biologically active bacteria, spores, viruses, toxins, and other similar material


lexentry: eng/biochemistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biochemistry
trans_list: biochimie
sense:
(uncountable) The chemistry of those compounds that occur in living organisms, and the processes that occur in their metabolism and catabolism


lexentry: eng/bioclimatology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bioclimatology
trans_list: bioclimatologie
sense:
The interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or longer (in opposition to biometeorology).


lexentry: eng/biodiesel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biodiesel
trans_list: biodiésel
sense:
Fuel for diesel engines made from renewable organic raw materials, as opposed to fossil hydrocarbons.


lexentry: eng/biodiversity_hotspot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biodiversity hotspot
trans_list: point chaud de biodiversité | zone critique de biodiversité
sense:
(ecology) A place with a significant level of biodiversity, particularly if the flora and fauna are threatened with loss of their habitat.


lexentry: eng/bioelectricity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bioelectricity
trans_list: bioélectricité
sense:
(biology, physics) Any form of electricity generated within an organism, especially by a muscle or nerve.


lexentry: eng/biofilm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biofilm
trans_list: biopellicule
sense:
(biology, medicine) A thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms.


lexentry: eng/biogas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biogas
trans_list: biogaz
sense:
A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste matter, used as a fuel


lexentry: eng/biohazard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biohazard
trans_list: risque biologique
sense:
A biological hazard; a source of risk due to some biological factor such as bacteria or human waste.


lexentry: eng/bioinformatics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bioinformatics
trans_list: bioinformatique
sense:
(biology, computer science) A field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline to analyse biological information using computers and statistical techniques.


lexentry: eng/biological_clock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biological clock
trans_list: horloge biologique | horloge circadienne | horloge interne
sense:
(biology) Any of several mechanisms that regulate the periodicity of biological functions, such as the circadian rhythm.


lexentry: eng/biological_mother__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biological mother
trans_list: mère biologique
sense:
The woman from whom one inherits half of one's DNA and who is the source of one's mitochondrial DNA.


lexentry: eng/biological_parent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biological parent
trans_list: parent biologique
sense:
A child's natural parent, either the male who supplied the sperm or the female who supplied the egg which interacted for the child's conception.


lexentry: eng/biomass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biomass
trans_list: biomasse
sense:
The total mass of all, or a specified category of, living things within a specific area, habitat, etc.


lexentry: eng/biomass__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: biomass
trans_list: biomasse
sense:
Organic matter from living things which were recently alive (especially vegetation) used as a fuel or source of energy, especially if cultivated for that purpose; also, fuel produced from such organic matter; biofuel.


lexentry: eng/biomaterial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biomaterial
trans_list: biomatériau
sense:
A nonviable, biocompatible material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological systems or to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body.


lexentry: eng/biomathematics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biomathematics
trans_list: biomathématiques
sense:
(biology, mathematics) The application of mathematics to the study of biological systems and processes


lexentry: eng/biomedicine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: biomedicine
trans_list: biomédecine
sense:
The branch of medicine that studies the effects of environmental stress on organisms (most often in space travel).


lexentry: eng/biometrics__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: biometrics
trans_list: biométrie
sense:
The automated recognition or authentication of an individual's identity based on their behavioural and biological characteristics, such as iris appearance, fingerprint, or face shape.


lexentry: eng/biomolecule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biomolecule
trans_list: biomolécule
sense:
(biochemistry) molecules, such as amino acids, sugars, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, and RNA, that occur naturally in living organisms


lexentry: eng/biophysics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biophysics
trans_list: biophysique
sense:
The interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology.


lexentry: eng/biopiracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biopiracy
trans_list: biopiratage | biopiraterie
sense:
(pejorative) The appropriation of indigenous biomedical knowledge, especially by patenting naturally occurring substances.


lexentry: eng/biopower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biopower
trans_list: biopouvoir
sense:
(political science) The sum of the various techniques used by modern nation-states to control not individual subjects but their entire populations, as contrasted with traditional modes of power based on the threat of death from a sovereign.


lexentry: eng/biopsy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biopsy
trans_list: biopsie
sense:
The removal and examination of a sample of tissue, cells, or bodily fluid from a living body for diagnostic purposes.


lexentry: eng/bioremediation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bioremediation
trans_list: bioremédiation
sense:
(biochemistry) The use of biological organisms, usually microorganisms, to remove contaminants, especially from polluted water


lexentry: eng/biosafety__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biosafety
trans_list: biosécurité
sense:
protection from potential harm from biological agents, such as infectious microbes or modified genes.


lexentry: eng/biosynthesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biosynthesis
trans_list: biosynthèse
sense:
(biochemistry) The synthesis of organic compounds within a living organism, especially the synthesis of large compounds from small ones.


lexentry: eng/biotechnology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biotechnology
trans_list: biotechnologie
sense:
The use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical and other technological applications.


lexentry: eng/biotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biotherapy
trans_list: biothérapie
sense:
(medicine) Any of several unrelated therapies that use natural biological processes, especially those that use parts of the immune system.


lexentry: eng/biotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: biotherapy
trans_list: biothérapie
sense:
(medicine) The use of living organisms (such as maggots or leeches) in the control of disease or the healing of wounds.


lexentry: eng/biotin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biotin
trans_list: biotine
sense:
(vitamin) A sulfur-containing member of the vitamin B complex, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, found in liver, egg yolk, milk, and yeast, essential to the activity of multiple enzyme systems.


lexentry: eng/biotite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biotite
trans_list: biotite
sense:
(mineral) A dark brown mica; it is a mixed aluminosilicate and fluoride of potassium, magnesium and iron.


lexentry: eng/biotope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biotope
trans_list: biotope
sense:
A geographical area that has a uniform biological environment and a uniform distribution of plants and animals


lexentry: eng/biotransformation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biotransformation
trans_list: biotransformation
sense:
(biochemistry) The changes (both chemical and physical) that occur to a substance (especially a drug) by the actions of enzymes within an organism


lexentry: eng/biphenyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: biphenyl
trans_list: biphényle
sense:
(organic compound, countable) Any substituted or otherwise altered version of biphenyl, such as PCBs


lexentry: eng/bipolar_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bipolar disorder
trans_list: trouble bipolaire
sense:
(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.


lexentry: eng/biquaternion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biquaternion
trans_list: biquaternion
sense:
(algebra) Any of the numbers w + xi + yj + zk \ \! where w, x, y, and z are complex numbers and the elements of {1, i, j, k} multiply as in the quaternion group.


lexentry: eng/birational_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birational geometry
trans_list: géométrie birationnelle
sense:
(algebraic geometry) A field of algebraic geometry in which the aim is to determine under what conditions two algebraic varieties are isomorphic outside lower-dimensional subsets.


lexentry: eng/bird__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bird
trans_list: oiseau | oiselet | oiselle | oisillon
sense:
A member of the class of animals Aves in the phylum Chordata, characterized by being warm-blooded, having feathers and wings usually capable of flight, having a beaked mouth, and laying eggs.


lexentry: eng/bird_cherry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bird cherry
trans_list: merisier à grappes
sense:
Any of several species of cherry trees sometimes grouped in the subgenus Prunus subg. Padus or section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus of Prunus subg. Cerasus.


lexentry: eng/bird_of_paradise__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bird of paradise
trans_list: paradisier | oiseau de paradis
sense:
Any of various passerine birds of the family Paradisaeidae native to Oceania. In many of the species the breeding plumage of the males is brightly coloured.


lexentry: eng/birds_of_a_feather_flock_together__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birds of a feather flock together
trans_list: qui se ressemble s'assemble | qui se ressemble s’assemble
sense:
(idiomatic) People of similar character, background or taste tend to congregate or associate with one another; it is easier to establish friendships with people that one has a lot in common with.


lexentry: eng/birefringence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birefringence
trans_list: biréfringence
sense:
(physics) The splitting of a ray of light into two parallel rays of perpendicular polarization by passage through an optically anisotropic medium; the property of a material that light passing through it is so split.


lexentry: eng/biretta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biretta
trans_list: barrette
sense:
A square cap, originally with four ridges across the top, surmounted by a tuft, worn by Roman Catholic clergy (and by some in the Anglican Church). A three-sided biretta is worn by Roman Catholic clergy for liturgical celebrations.


lexentry: eng/birth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birth
trans_list: naissance
sense:
(uncountable) The process of childbearing; the beginning of life; the emergence of a human baby or other viviparous animal offspring from the mother's body into the environment.


lexentry: eng/birth_canal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birth canal
trans_list: canal de naissance
sense:
(anatomy) The combined vagina and cervix, when the cervix dilates during birth to form a continuous tube with the vagina.


lexentry: eng/birth_certificate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birth certificate
trans_list: acte de naissance
sense:
An official document certifying the details of a person's birth. Name, date, and parents' names are always present; details such as parents' occupation and religion may be included.


lexentry: eng/birth_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birth control
trans_list: contrôle des naissances
sense:
Voluntary control of the number of children conceived, especially by the planned use of contraception.


lexentry: eng/birthday__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: birthday
trans_list: date de naissance | anniversaire
sense:
The date on which someone is born or something is created, more commonly called birthdate or date of birth.


lexentry: eng/birthday_paradox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birthday paradox
trans_list: paradoxe des anniversaires
sense:
(probability theory) The counterintuitive observation that a random group of people needs to have only 23 members before there is a 50% chance of two of them having the same birthday.


lexentry: eng/birthday_problem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birthday problem
trans_list: paradoxe des anniversaires
sense:
(probability theory) The mathematics problem that concerns the probability there exist two people in a random group who share a birthday.


lexentry: eng/birthday_suit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birthday suit
trans_list: tenue d’Adam | tenue d’Ève | dans le plus simple appareil | dans son plus simple appareil
sense:
(idiom, often, humorous) Nakedness, unclothed skin; an exposure of a human's natural anatomy without clothing.


lexentry: eng/birthrate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birthrate
trans_list: taux de natalité
sense:
The ratio of total live births to total population for a specific community or nation in a specified period; often expressed in births per thousand per year


lexentry: eng/birthright_citizenship__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: birthright citizenship
trans_list: droit du sol
sense:
The right (unconditional or near-unconditional) of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship.


lexentry: eng/biscuit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: biscuit
trans_list: biscuit
sense:
(UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, sometimes Canada, rare in the US and the Philippines) A small, flat, baked good which is either hard and crisp or else soft but firm; a cookie.


lexentry: eng/biscuit__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: biscuit
trans_list: biscuit
sense:
(chiefly, North America, rare in Scotland and Guernsey) A small, usually soft and flaky bread, generally made with baking soda, which is similar in texture to a scone but which is usually not sweet.


lexentry: eng/biscuit__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: biscuit
trans_list: biscuit
sense:
(nautical) The "bread" formerly supplied to naval ships, which was made with very little water, kneaded into flat cakes, and slowly baked, and which often became infested with weevils.


lexentry: eng/bisector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bisector
trans_list: bissectrice
sense:
(geometry) A line or curve that bisects or divides a line segment, angle, or other figure into two equal parts.


lexentry: eng/bisexual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bisexual
trans_list: bisexuel
sense:
(of humans, or, other animals) Sexually attracted to both same-gendered and different-gendered partners. Similar to pansexual


lexentry: eng/bisexual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bisexual
trans_list: bisexué
sense:
(rare) Hermaphroditic/intersex, being both male and female, or alternating between being male and being female.


lexentry: eng/bisexuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bisexuality
trans_list: bisexualité
sense:
(of humans or other animals) The state of being sexually or romantically attracted to members of either sex or gender.


lexentry: eng/bishop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bishop
trans_list: évêque | évêchesse
sense:
(Christianity) An overseer of congregations: either any such overseer, generally speaking, or (in Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, etc.) an official in the church hierarchy (actively or nominally) governing a diocese, supervising the church's priests, deacons, and property in its territory.


lexentry: eng/bishop__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: bishop
trans_list: fou
sense:
(chess) The chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝ which moves along diagonal lines and developed from the shatranj alfil ("elephant") and was originally known as the aufil or archer in English.


lexentry: eng/bissextile__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bissextile
trans_list: bissextil
sense:
Having an intercalary day, particularly the quadrennial leap day of the Julian and Gregorian calendars traditionally placed as a "second sixth" day before March 1st.


lexentry: eng/bistort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bistort
trans_list: bistorte
sense:
Any of several perennial herbs, classified in genera Bistorta, Persicaria, or Polygonum, having spikes of pink flowers.


lexentry: eng/bitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bitch
trans_list: salope | garce | rosse
sense:
(vulgar, offensive) A despicable or disagreeable, aggressive person, usually a woman. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/bitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: bitch
trans_list: pute
sense:
(vulgar, offensive) A submissive person who does what others want; (prison slang) a man forced or coerced into a homoerotic relationship. [from the 20th c]


lexentry: eng/bitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: bitch
trans_list: dame
sense:
(colloquial, vulgar, card games) A queen playing card, particularly the queen of spades in the card game of hearts.


lexentry: eng/bitch__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bitch
trans_list: chialer | pester | rouspéter | râler
sense:
(vulgar, intransitive) To criticize spitefully, often for the sake of complaining rather than in order to have the problem corrected.


lexentry: eng/bite__Verb__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: bite
trans_list: mordre | marcher | tomber dans le panneau
sense:
(intransitive) To cause a smarting sensation; to have a property which causes such a sensation; to be pungent.


lexentry: eng/bite_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bite off
trans_list: se casser le cul | se décarcasser | se dévouer
sense:
(transitive, idiomatic, sometimes followed by on) To accept or commit oneself to a task, project, notion, or responsibility, especially one which presents challenges.


lexentry: eng/bite_the_hand_that_feeds_one__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bite the hand that feeds one
trans_list: cracher dans la soupe | mordre la main nourricière | mordre la main qui nourrit
sense:
(idiomatic) To cause harm to a benefactor (especially one that one is dependent on, thus with the idea that this behaviour is self-damaging).


lexentry: eng/bitmap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bitmap
trans_list: image matricielle
sense:
(computing) A series of bits that represents a rasterized graphic image, each pixel being represented as a group of bits.


lexentry: eng/bitrate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bitrate
trans_list: débit binaire
sense:
(computing, telecommunications) The frequency at which bits (binary digits) pass a given physical or metaphorical point, measured in bps (bits per second).


lexentry: eng/bitstock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bitstock
trans_list: chignole | vilebrequin
sense:
A hand tool consisting of a crank which holds a fitted rotating drill bit tip, designed to bore holes in rigid materials, by cutting a disc in a spiral fashion.


lexentry: eng/bitter_almond__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bitter almond
trans_list: amande
sense:
The seed of this tree, which is unpalatably bitter and bears many times the cyanide of the sweet almond.


lexentry: eng/bitter_end__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bitter end
trans_list: étalingure
sense:
(nautical) That part of an anchor cable which is abaft the bitts and thus remains inboard when a ship is riding at anchor.


lexentry: eng/bitter_vetch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bitter vetch
trans_list: ers
sense:
A plant with bitter, lentil-like seeds that are edible with special processing, but are now mostly fed to livestock, Vicia ervilia.


lexentry: eng/bitters__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bitters
trans_list: amer
sense:
A liquid used in mixed drinks or as a tonic into which bitter herbs have been steeped (it can also be found in powdered form for adding to mixed drinks).


lexentry: eng/bitumen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bitumen
trans_list: bitume
sense:
A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.


lexentry: eng/bivalve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bivalve
trans_list: bivalve
sense:
Any mollusc belonging to the taxonomic class Bivalvia, characterized by a shell consisting of two hinged sections, such as a scallop, clam, mussel or oyster.


lexentry: eng/bizarre__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bizarre
trans_list: bizarre
sense:
Strangely unconventional; highly unusual and different from common experience, often in an extravagant, fantastic, and/or conspicuous way.


lexentry: eng/black-backed_jackal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black-backed jackal
trans_list: chacal à chabraque
sense:
A jackal of species Canis mesomelas, which inhabits the southernmost and central-eastern regions of the African continent.


lexentry: eng/black-billed_capercaillie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black-billed capercaillie
trans_list: tétras à bec noir
sense:
A large black grouse endemic to Siberia, closely related to western capercaillie; Tetrao parvirostris.


lexentry: eng/black-crested_antshrike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black-crested antshrike
trans_list: Batara huppé
sense:
A South American passerine bird in the antbird family, living in undergrowth in mangrove or other swampy forest and thickets near water, Sakesphorus canadensis.


lexentry: eng/black-crowned_night_heron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black-crowned night heron
trans_list: bihoreau gris | héron bihoreau | corbeau de nuit
sense:
A medium-sized heron, Nycticorax nycticorax, found throughout a large part of the world, except in the coldest regions and Australasia.


lexentry: eng/black-footed_cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black-footed cat
trans_list: chat à pattes noires
sense:
Felis nigripes, the smallest African cat, endemic in the south west arid zone of the southern African subregion.


lexentry: eng/black-headed_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black-headed gull
trans_list: mouette rieuse
sense:
A small gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.


lexentry: eng/black-throated_diver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black-throated diver
trans_list: plongeon arctique
sense:
Gavia arctica, a medium-sized member of the loon or diver family that breeds in Eurasia, with grey head, black throat, white underparts and chequered black-and-white mantle.


lexentry: eng/black__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: black
trans_list: noir
sense:
(US, UK, South Africa) Belonging to or descended from any of various sub-Saharan African ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin.


lexentry: eng/black__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: black
trans_list: noir
sense:
(sometimes capitalized) Belonging to or descended from any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes below.)


lexentry: eng/black__Adjective__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: black
trans_list: noir
sense:
(board games, chess) Of or relating to the playing pieces of a board game deemed to belong to the "black" set (in chess, the set used by the player who moves second) (often regardless of the pieces' actual colour).


lexentry: eng/black__Adjective__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: black
trans_list: noir
sense:
Clandestine; relating to a political, military, or espionage operation or site, the existence or details of which is withheld from the general public.


lexentry: eng/black__Adjective__1
sense_num: 17
written_rep: black
trans_list: noir
sense:
Occult; relating to something (such as mystical or magical knowledge) which is unknown to or kept secret from the general public.


lexentry: eng/black__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black
trans_list: noir | noire
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour/color perceived in the absence of light, but also when no light is reflected, but rather absorbed.


lexentry: eng/black__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: black
trans_list: Noir | Noire | noir
sense:
(sometimes capitalised, countable, often, offensive) A member of descendant of any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes.)


lexentry: eng/black_alder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black alder
trans_list: aulne glutineux | aulne noir | aulne poisseux
sense:
(countable, uncountable) A tree (Alnus glutinosa), of many practical uses, growing in moist conditions in Europe.


lexentry: eng/black_and_white__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: black and white
trans_list: Americain
sense:
A type of giant cookie (about 8 inches diameter) with icing on the top side: half white, half dark chocolate.


lexentry: eng/black_bag__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: black bag
trans_list: mallette médical
sense:
(chiefly, US) The pouch or case traditionally carried by medical doctors, especially when making house calls, and containing medical instruments and supplies.


lexentry: eng/black_bloc__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black bloc
trans_list: black bloc | bloc noir | cagoules noires
sense:
Any group of individuals who join a protest or demonstration, wearing black clothing including items to protect and/or conceal their faces and often engaging in violence and vandalism; the tactic of forming and participating in such a group.


lexentry: eng/black_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black box
trans_list: boîte noire | boite noire
sense:
(informal, aviation) A flight recorder; the brightly colored cockpit voice recorders and flight data recorders in an aircraft designed to aid in determining the cause of an accident.


lexentry: eng/black_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: black box
trans_list: boîte noire | boite noire
sense:
A theoretical construct or device with known input and output characteristics but unknown method of operation.


lexentry: eng/black_caraway__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black caraway
trans_list: cumin noir | nigelle cultivée
sense:
A Middle-Eastern spice plant related to buttercups, Nigella sativa, with dark black, aromatic seeds.


lexentry: eng/black_frost__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: black frost
trans_list: givre
sense:
(chiefly, nautical) A mist of very cold droplets that freeze upon impact and coat objects (such as parts of a ship) with ice, potentially causing a ship to capsize.


lexentry: eng/black_hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: black hole
trans_list: trou noir
sense:
(astronomy) A gravitationally domineering celestial body with an event horizon from which even light cannot escape; the most dense material in the universe, condensed into a singularity, usually formed by a collapsing massive star. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/black_humor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black humor
trans_list: humour noir
sense:
(uncountable) A subgenre of comedy and satire that deals with subjects that are believed to be serious or controversial, such as death, divorce, drug abuse, etc.


lexentry: eng/black_ice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black ice
trans_list: verglas | glace noire
sense:
A smooth, barely visible, and dangerously slippery film of ice, usually over a dark surface, such as rock or pavement.


lexentry: eng/black_knight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black knight
trans_list: chevalier noir
sense:
(fiction) A villain or evil character who masks their identity and that of their liege by not displaying heraldry.


lexentry: eng/black_letter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: black letter
trans_list: Fraktur
sense:
(typography) A Northern European style of type, with contrasting thick-and-thin, angular strokes forming upright letterforms, and usually set with a dark typographic colour on the page.


lexentry: eng/black_light__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black light
trans_list: lumière noire
sense:
(countable) A light bulb that emits ultraviolet light, usually used to create the illusion that anything white is glowing.


lexentry: eng/black_lives_matter__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black lives matter
trans_list: les vies noires comptent
sense:
(politics, originally, US) A rallying call and statement of protest, concerning police brutality and racially motivated violence against black people.


lexentry: eng/black_locust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black locust
trans_list: robinier | acacia blanc | faux-acacia | robinier faux-acacia
sense:
A tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae, native to the southeastern United States, but widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia; considered an invasive species in some areas.


lexentry: eng/black_magic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black magic
trans_list: magie noire
sense:
Magic derived from evil forces, as distinct from good or benign forces; or magic performed with the intention of doing harm.


lexentry: eng/black_mamba__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black mamba
trans_list: mamba noir
sense:
A large venomous snake found in Africa, taxonomic name Dendroaspis polylepis. Despite the name, this species of snake is not black; its colour ranges widely from olive-brown, khaki or grey, sometimes to darker hues, especially when old. The inside of the mouth is black, but in spite of a recent urban legend there is no indication that that has anything to do with the name "black mamba", which is a much older usage than any such suggestion.


lexentry: eng/black_maple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black maple
trans_list: érable noir
sense:
A variety of maple tree of eastern North America, Acer nigrum, closely related to the sugar maple, but with a darker bark and three-lobed leaves.


lexentry: eng/black_money__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: black money
trans_list: argent sale
sense:
(India) Money that is obtained illegally, especially that which circulates outside the formal financial system in the underworld. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/black_pepper__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: black pepper
trans_list: poivre noir
sense:
The dried, unripe berries (peppercorns) of the Piper nigrum plant which are commonly used as a spice and seasoning. They are either used whole, or in a ground or crushed form.


lexentry: eng/black_radish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black radish
trans_list: radis noir
sense:
A root vegetable of the family Brassicaceae cultivated for its edible root that has a tough black or dull brown skin and white flesh, Raphanus sativus var. niger


lexentry: eng/black_rat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black rat
trans_list: rat noir
sense:
A common species of rat, Rattus rattus, originating anciently in Asia but now distributed worldwide.


lexentry: eng/black_salsify__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black salsify
trans_list: scorsonère
sense:
A perennial member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae), cultivated as a root vegetable (Pseudopodospermum hispanicum, syn. Scorzonera hispanica).


lexentry: eng/black_scabbardfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black scabbardfish
trans_list: sabre noir
sense:
A North Atlantic fish of the cutlassfish family Trichiuridae with an extremely elongated, eel-like body, Aphanopus carbo.


lexentry: eng/black_sheep__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black sheep
trans_list: excentrique | original
sense:
(idiomatic) A nonconformist; an unusual or unconventional person, who may be rejected or disdained by others for this reason.


lexentry: eng/black_smoker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black smoker
trans_list: fumeur noir
sense:
(geology, oceanography) A kind of hydrothermal vent found on the seabed, emitting clouds of black material.


lexentry: eng/black_swan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black swan
trans_list: cygne noir
sense:
Cygnus atratus, a swan with black plumage and a red bill which is endemic to Australia. [from c. 1700]


lexentry: eng/black_swan__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: black swan
trans_list: cygne noir
sense:
Something believed impossible or not to exist, especially if an example is subsequently found; also, something extremely rare; a rara avis.


lexentry: eng/black_tea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: black tea
trans_list: thé noir
sense:
Tea leaves which have been "fermented" (actually, oxidized) before drying to enhance their flavour (cf. green tea).


lexentry: eng/black_tie__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: black tie
trans_list: smoking
sense:
(uncountable) Evening dress; a standard of dress which is less formal than white tie, consisting of black dinner jacket or tuxedo jacket, and matching trousers, white shirt and black bow tie or, possibly, military dress or national costume.


lexentry: eng/blackamoor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackamoor
trans_list: maure
sense:
(archaic, old, _, heraldry, often, offensive, ethnic slur) A person with dark black skin, especially one from north Africa.


lexentry: eng/blackberry_winter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackberry winter
trans_list: saints de glace
sense:
(especially, Southern US, Midwest US) A period of cold weather that falls when blackberries are flowering, or more generally any time in spring or early summer (March, April or May).


lexentry: eng/blackbird__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackbird
trans_list: merle | merlesse
sense:
A common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/blackboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackboard
trans_list: tableau | tableau noir
sense:
A large flat surface, finished with black slate or a similar material, that can be written upon with chalk and subsequently erased; a chalkboard.


lexentry: eng/blackbody__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackbody
trans_list: corps noir
sense:
(physics) a theoretical body, approximated by a hole in a hollow black sphere, that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation and reflects none; it has a characteristic emission spectrum


lexentry: eng/blackhead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackhead
trans_list: comédon | point noir
sense:
(countable, medicine) A comedo, a skin blemish, a type of acne vulgaris, where a pore becomes clogged with a dark, hard, cheesy keratin-filled substance forming a hard black "head" on the skin's surface.


lexentry: eng/blackjack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackjack
trans_list: vingt-et-un
sense:
(card games) A common gambling card game in casinos, where the object is to get as close to 21 without going over.


lexentry: eng/blackjack__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: blackjack
trans_list: pavillon de pirates
sense:
The flag (i.e., a jack) traditionally flown by pirate ships; popularly thought to be a white skull and crossed bones on a black field (the Jolly Roger).


lexentry: eng/blackjack__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: blackjack
trans_list: matraque
sense:
(weapons) A small, flat, blunt, usually leather-covered weapon loaded with heavy material such as lead or ball bearings, intended to inflict a blow to the head that renders the victim unconscious with diminished risk of lasting cranial trauma.


lexentry: eng/blackjack__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: blackjack
trans_list: matraque
sense:
(aviation) A tool of leather filled with shot (or similar), resembling the weapon, used for shaping sheet metal.


lexentry: eng/blackleg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackleg
trans_list: charbon symptomatique
sense:
(uncountable, agriculture, veterinary medicine) A fatal cattle disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Clostridium chauvoei; symptomatic anthrax. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/blacklist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blacklist
trans_list: liste noire | blacklist
sense:
(legal, computing) A list or set of people or entities to be shunned or banned, disallowed or blocked.


lexentry: eng/blackout__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: blackout
trans_list: blackout
sense:
(historical) The mandatory blocking of all light emanating from buildings, as well as outdoor and street lighting as a measure against aerial bombing or naval attack, as imposed during, e.g., World War II.


lexentry: eng/blackout_curtain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackout curtain
trans_list: rideau occultant
sense:
A curtain made from blackout material, designed to block light (e.g. sunlight through a window) much more than a standard curtain.


lexentry: eng/blackshirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackshirt
trans_list: chemise noire | squadriste
sense:
(historical, chiefly, in the plural) A uniformed member of a paramilitary wing of the Italian Fascist Party.


lexentry: eng/blackthorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blackthorn
trans_list: prunellier
sense:
A large shrub or small tree, Prunus spinosa, that is native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa. It has a dark bark and bears thorns.


lexentry: eng/bladder_cherry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bladder cherry
trans_list: alkékenge | amour-en-cage | cerise d'hiver | coccigrole | lanterne japonaise
sense:
A plant, Alkekengi officinarum (syn. Physalis alkekengi), having a bright paper-like covering over its fruit, native to southern Europe.


lexentry: eng/bladderpod__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bladderpod
trans_list: tabac indien
sense:
Any of various flowering plants, including Cleome isomeris (= Isomeris arborea), Peritoma arborea, Lobelia inflata, and species of Physaria (= Lesquerella) and Paysonia.


lexentry: eng/bladderwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bladderwort
trans_list: utriculaire
sense:
Any of many aquatic carnivorous plants, of the genus Utricularia, that have open bladders that trap minute insects and crustaceans.


lexentry: eng/blade__Noun__1
sense_num: 17
written_rep: blade
trans_list: lame
sense:
(biology) The four large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best tortoise shell.


lexentry: eng/blade__Noun__1
sense_num: 20
written_rep: blade
trans_list: lame
sense:
(mathematics) An exterior product of vectors. (The product may have more than two factors. Also, a scalar counts as a 0-blade, a vector as a 1-blade; an exterior product of k vectors may be called a k-blade.)


lexentry: eng/blame__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: blame
trans_list: blâme | coupabilité
sense:
(computing) A source control feature that can show which user was responsible for a particular portion of the source code.


lexentry: eng/blame__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: blame
trans_list: blâmer | reprocher
sense:
(transitive, usually followed by "for") To assert or consider that someone is the cause of something negative; to place blame, to attribute responsibility (for something negative or for doing something negative).


lexentry: eng/blandishment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blandishment
trans_list: blandice
sense:
(countable) Often in the plural form blandishments: a flattering speech or action designed to influence or persuade.


lexentry: eng/blank__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blank
trans_list: préforme
sense:
(archaic, historical, obsolete) A small French coin, originally of silver, afterwards of copper, worth 5 deniers; also a silver coin of Henry V current in the parts of France then held by the English, worth about 8 pence [15th–17th century].


lexentry: eng/blank__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: blank
trans_list: préforme
sense:
(mechanics, engineering) A piece of material roughly cut, forged, cast, etc. to the size and shape of the thing to be made, and ready for the finishing operations; (coining) the disc of metal before stamping [since the 16th century].


lexentry: eng/blank__Noun__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: blank
trans_list: préforme
sense:
(chemistry) A sample for a control experiment that does not contain any of the analyte of interest, in order to deliberately produce a non-detection to verify that a detection is distinguishable from it.


lexentry: eng/blank_check__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blank check
trans_list: chèque en blanc
sense:
(US) A signed check of the type used to draw money from a bank account, containing no information as to the amount to be paid with it, so that any amount can be filled in.


lexentry: eng/blank_check__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blank check
trans_list: carte blanche | chèque en blanc
sense:
(US) A grant of complete authority to spend an unlimited amount of money, or to take other actions without restraint.


lexentry: eng/blank_verse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blank verse
trans_list: vers blanc
sense:
(poetry) A poetic form with regular meter, particularly iambic pentameter, but no fixed rhyme scheme.


lexentry: eng/blanket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blanket
trans_list: couverture
sense:
A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.


lexentry: eng/blasphemy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blasphemy
trans_list: blasphème
sense:
An act of irreverence or contempt toward a god or toward something considered sacred; an impious act, utterance, view, etc.


lexentry: eng/blast_from_the_past__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blast from the past
trans_list: madeleine de Proust
sense:
(colloquial, idiom) Something or someone that a person has not seen for a long time that evokes nostalgic feelings.


lexentry: eng/blast_furnace__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blast furnace
trans_list: haut fourneau
sense:
(metallurgy) As above, but specifically such a furnace where the fuel and the ore are intermixed, as for example when coke and iron ore are burned together.


lexentry: eng/blastema__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blastema
trans_list: blastème
sense:
(physiology) A clump of undifferentiated cells or blasts, from which an organ or body part will develop, either during the normal growth of an embryo or in the regeneration of a lost body part.


lexentry: eng/blastodisk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blastodisk
trans_list: blastodisque
sense:
(biology) A round, flattened region of cells from which the embryo of many vertebrates begins to develop in the fertilized ovum; a germinal disk


lexentry: eng/blastpipe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blastpipe
trans_list: sarbacane
sense:
(mechanical engineering, rail transport) A pipe forming part of the exhaust system of a steam locomotive that discharges exhaust steam from the cylinders up into the smokebox beneath the chimney in order to increase the draught through the firebox; this speeds up the release of smoke through the chimney.


lexentry: eng/blastula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blastula
trans_list: blastula
sense:
(embryology) An early form in the development of an embryo, consisting of a spherical layer of cells filled with fluid; a blastosphere.


lexentry: eng/blat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blat
trans_list: argot du milieu
sense:
The Soviet system of connections and social relationships; one's social or business network (in Russian or Soviet society).


lexentry: eng/blaze__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: blaze
trans_list: baliser
sense:
(transitive) To indicate or mark out (a trail, especially through vegetation) by a series of blazes.


lexentry: eng/bleach__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bleach
trans_list: eau de Javel | javel
sense:
(uncountable) A chemical, such as sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide, or a preparation of such a chemical, used for disinfecting or whitening.


lexentry: eng/bleach__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bleach
trans_list: blanchir
sense:
(transitive) To treat with bleach, especially so as to whiten (fabric, paper, etc.) or lighten (hair).


lexentry: eng/bleacher__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bleacher
trans_list: gradin | place de tribune non-couverte
sense:
(US, usually, in the plural) A stand of tiered planks used as seating for spectators, often outdoors.


lexentry: eng/bleed__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bleed
trans_list: fond perdu
sense:
(printing) A narrow edge around a page layout, to be printed but cut off afterwards (added to allow for slight misalignment, especially with pictures that should run to the edge of the finished sheet).


lexentry: eng/bleed__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: bleed
trans_list: prélever
sense:
(transitive) To tap off high-pressure gas (usually air) from a system that produces high-pressure gas primarily for another purpose.


lexentry: eng/bleeding_heart__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: bleeding heart
trans_list: ami du peuple | défenseur de la veuve et de l'orphelin
sense:
A person who is overly sympathetic to the plight of the underprivileged, exploited or helpless, or to casualties of circumstance.


lexentry: eng/bleep_censor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bleep censor
trans_list: censeur de bip
sense:
(computing) A software module, manually operated by a broadcast technician, putting a five-second broadcast delay on the live content, providing time to censor the audio (and video) feed, and used to censor out what many consider "inappropriate" audio content during a live broadcast signal and replace it with a bleep signal.


lexentry: eng/blender__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blender
trans_list: mixeur
sense:
A machine with sharp rotating blades in a bowl, for mashing, crushing, or liquefying food ingredients.


lexentry: eng/blepharospasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blepharospasm
trans_list: blépharospasme
sense:
(medicine) A physiological condition characterized by recurring involuntary twitches or closing of the eyelids.


lexentry: eng/blessed_thistle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blessed thistle
trans_list: centaurée bénie
sense:
Centaurea benedicta (formerly usually called Cnicus benedictus), a thistle-like plant native to the Mediterranean.


lexentry: eng/blight__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blight
trans_list: cloque | fléau | rouille
sense:
(pathology, dated) A diseased condition of the face or skin; specifically, bleeding under the conjunctiva of the eye, a form of skin rash, or a palsy of the face due to cold.


lexentry: eng/blight__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blight
trans_list: abîmer
sense:
(figurative) To impede the development or growth of (an aspect of life); to damage, to ruin, to spoil.


lexentry: eng/blight__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blight
trans_list: abîmer | abîmé
sense:
(plant disease) To affect the fertility or growth of (a plant) with a blight (noun sense 1.1), especially one caused by a fungus; to blast, to mildew, to smut.


lexentry: eng/blighter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blighter
trans_list: tête à claques
sense:
(British, Irish, Commonwealth, often, disrespectful) A person, usually male, especially one who behaves in an objectionable or pitiable manner.


lexentry: eng/blimey__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blimey
trans_list: bon sang | diantre | fichtre | mazette | mince
sense:
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand, Ireland) Used to express anger, excitement, surprise, etc. [From late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/blind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blind
trans_list: store
sense:
A movable covering for a window to keep out light, made of cloth or of narrow slats that can block light or allow it to pass.


lexentry: eng/blind_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blind box
trans_list: boîte aveugle
sense:
A box containing a collectible, which is one of a set; one does not know which collectible is in the box until opening the box.


lexentry: eng/blind_carbon_copy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blind carbon copy
trans_list: copie cachée | copie carbone invisible
sense:
(Internet) A copy of an email message that is sent to a person (often one of many) other than the primary recipient without the express knowledge of the other recipients.


lexentry: eng/blind_spot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blind spot
trans_list: point aveugle | tache aveugle
sense:
The place where the optic nerve attaches to the retina, and so where the retina cannot detect light.


lexentry: eng/blind_spot__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: blind spot
trans_list: angle mort
sense:
(rail transport) The part of the railway/tramway track that cannot be seen in the side mirror or the side window.


lexentry: eng/blind_spot__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: blind spot
trans_list: aveuglement
sense:
(figuratively) An inability to recognize a fact or think clearly about a certain topic, especially because of a prejudice.


lexentry: eng/blind_spot__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: blind spot
trans_list: inconnu
sense:
(figuratively) A subject or area about which one is uninformed or misinformed, often because of a prejudice or lack of appreciation.


lexentry: eng/blind_spot__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: blind spot
trans_list: zone blanche
sense:
(telecommunications) A location where radio reception and/or transmission is significantly poorer than in surrounding locations.


lexentry: eng/blind_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blind test
trans_list: blind test | test en aveugle
sense:
A method for testing human response, in which the testee is given little or no specific information about the object under test; used e.g. for testing medicines and food products.


lexentry: eng/blindage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blindage
trans_list: blindage
sense:
(military) A cover or protection for an advanced trench or approach, formed of fascines and earth supported by a framework.


lexentry: eng/blindside__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blindside
trans_list: angle mort
sense:
(rail transport) A tram/train driver's field of blindness around a tram (trolley/streetcar) or a train; the side areas behind the tram/train driver.


lexentry: eng/bling_bling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bling bling
trans_list: bling-bling | blingbling
sense:
(slang) Shiny jewelry that displays wealth, such as a diamond ring or a stylish gold necklace or bracelet.


lexentry: eng/blini__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blini
trans_list: blini
sense:
A small pancake, of Russian origin, made from buckwheat flour; traditionally served with melted butter, sour cream and caviar or smoked salmon.


lexentry: eng/blink__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: blink
trans_list: coup d’œil
sense:
(computing) A text formatting feature that causes text to disappear and reappear as a form of visual emphasis.


lexentry: eng/blinker__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: blinker
trans_list: œillère
sense:
Chiefly in the plural: a shield attached to the bridle of a horse or other domesticated animal to prevent it from seeing things behind it and to its side.


lexentry: eng/blinkers__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blinkers
trans_list: œillères
sense:
A pair of leather or rubber eye cups attached to a horse hood in order to impede the rear vision of racehorses and harness horses; blinders in (USA).


lexentry: eng/blinks__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blinks
trans_list: montie des fontaines
sense:
a herbaceous annual plant of species Montia fontana, in the family Montiaceae, formerly included in the purslane family (Portulacaceae).


lexentry: eng/blip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blip
trans_list: maille
sense:
(electronics) A small dot registered on electronic equipment, such as a radar or oscilloscope screen.


lexentry: eng/blister__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blister
trans_list: ampoule | phlyctène | boursouflure | cloque
sense:
A small bubble between the layers of the skin that contains watery or bloody fluid and is caused by friction and pressure, burning, freezing, chemical irritation, disease, or infection.


lexentry: eng/blister_pack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blister pack
trans_list: emballage-coque
sense:
One of several types of pre-formed plastic packaging, used for consumer goods and pharmaceuticals, consisting of a cavity and lidding.


lexentry: eng/blitz__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: blitz
trans_list: charge
sense:
(countable, American football) A play in which additional defenders beyond the defensive linemen rush the passer.


lexentry: eng/blitz_chess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blitz chess
trans_list: blitz
sense:
(chess) Chess played at a quick time control, with each side getting about five minutes to make their moves. Blitz chess is played at a variety of time controls, primarily 3+0 (three minutes per side), 3+2 (three minutes per side plus two extra seconds per move), 5+0, and 5+3.


lexentry: eng/blitzkrieg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blitzkrieg
trans_list: guerre éclair | blitzkrieg
sense:
A fast military offensive, typically involving a large and highly mobile tank force with air support.


lexentry: eng/blizzard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blizzard
trans_list: blizzard
sense:
A large snowstorm accompanied by strong winds and greatly reduced visibility caused by blowing snow.


lexentry: eng/bloatware__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloatware
trans_list: boufficiel | inflagiciel | obésiciel | obésitiel
sense:
(computing, informal) Software that is packed with too many features and therefore slow or unwieldy; software that is inefficiently designed and occupies an excessive amount of memory or disk space.


lexentry: eng/blob__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blob
trans_list: goutte | pâte | tache
sense:
A shapeless or amorphous mass; a vague shape or amount, especially of a liquid or semisolid substance; a clump, group or collection that lacks definite shape.


lexentry: eng/bloc__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: bloc
trans_list: bloc
sense:
A group of countries acting together for political or economic goals, an alliance: e.g., the eastern bloc, the western bloc, a trading bloc, the Eurozone, the European Union.


lexentry: eng/block__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: block
trans_list: immeuble | bloc
sense:
(cellular automata) In Conway's Game of Life, a still life consisting of four living cells arranged in a two-by-two square.


lexentry: eng/block__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: block
trans_list: billot | bloc
sense:
A case or frame housing one or more sheaves (pulleys), used with ropes to increase or redirect force, for example as part of lifting gear or a sailing ship's rigging. See also block and tackle.


lexentry: eng/block__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: block
trans_list: bloc
sense:
(chemistry) A portion of a macromolecule, comprising many units, that has at least one feature not present in adjacent portions.


lexentry: eng/block__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: block
trans_list: pâté (de maisons) | bloc
sense:
A contiguous group of urban lots of property, typically several acres in extent, not crossed by public streets.


lexentry: eng/block__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: block
trans_list: pâté de maison | rue
sense:
The distance from one street to another in a city or suburb that is built (approximately) to a grid pattern.


lexentry: eng/block__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: block
trans_list: blocage
sense:
(volleyball) A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s court.


lexentry: eng/block__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: block
trans_list: bloquer | contrer
sense:
(transitive, theater) To specify the positions and movements of the actors for (a section of a play or film).


lexentry: eng/block_and_tackle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: block and tackle
trans_list: moufle | polyspaste
sense:
A system in which a rope, cable, or chain (the tackle) is passed over pulleys enclosed in two (or rarely more) blocks, one fixed and one attached to a load, which is used to gain mechanical advantage to lift or pull heavy loads.


lexentry: eng/block_hour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: block hour
trans_list: temps de vol cale à cale
sense:
(aviation) The time from the moment the aircraft door closes at departure of a revenue flight until the moment the aircraft door opens at the arrival gate following its landing. Block hours are the industry-standard measure of aircraft utilization.


lexentry: eng/blockade__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blockade
trans_list: blocus
sense:
(by extension) Any form of formal isolation or inhibition of something, especially with the force of law or arms.


lexentry: eng/blockbuster__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blockbuster
trans_list: blockbuster
sense:
(informal) Something, such as a film or book, that sustains exceptional and widespread popularity and achieves enormous sales, as opposed to a box office bomb.


lexentry: eng/blockchain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blockchain
trans_list: blockchain | chaîne de blocs
sense:
A shared record of past transactions in a distributed network, typically used for cryptocurrency. [from 2010s]


lexentry: eng/blockquote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blockquote
trans_list: citation en exergue | citation en retrait
sense:
(Internet) a lengthy quotation that is formatted so as to be set off from the main text on a webpage, as by italicization and indentation


lexentry: eng/blog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blog
trans_list: blog | blogue
sense:
(Internet) A website that allows users to reflect, share opinions, and discuss various topics in the form of an online journal, sometimes letting readers comment on their posts. Most blogs are written in a slightly informal tone (personal journals, news, businesses, etc.)


lexentry: eng/blogosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blogosphere
trans_list: blogosphère
sense:
(Internet) The totality of blogs, especially the unique jargons, cultures and shared interests created by their interconnection. [1999]


lexentry: eng/bloke__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bloke
trans_list: mec | type | gazier | gus
sense:
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, informal) A fellow, a man; especially an ordinary man, a man on the street. [From 1847]


lexentry: eng/blood-brain_barrier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood-brain barrier
trans_list: barrière hémato-encéphalique
sense:
(anatomy) A structure in the central nervous system (CNS) that keeps various substances found in the bloodstream out of the brain while allowing in the substances essential to metabolic function, e.g. oxygen.


lexentry: eng/blood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood
trans_list: sang
sense:
A vital liquid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals that usually conveys nutrients and oxygen. In vertebrates, it is colored red by hemoglobin, is conveyed by arteries and veins, is pumped by the heart and is usually generated in bone marrow.


lexentry: eng/blood__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blood
trans_list: sang
sense:
A family relationship due to birth, such as that between siblings; contrasted with relationships due to marriage or adoption. (See blood relative, blood relation.)


lexentry: eng/blood_brother__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood brother
trans_list: frère de sang
sense:
An unrelated male considered to share a brother-like relationship established by a ceremonial sharing of blood in some cultures.


lexentry: eng/blood_cell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood cell
trans_list: cellule sanguine | globule
sense:
(hematology, cytology) Any of the cells normally found in blood, namely erythrocytes and leukocytes, sometimes including the platelets.


lexentry: eng/blood_clot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood clot
trans_list: thrombus | caillot sanguin
sense:
(hematology, pathology) A clot formed from platelets and other elements; that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.


lexentry: eng/blood_drive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood drive
trans_list: collecte de sang
sense:
An activity, usually charitable, in which persons are requested to donate blood, either to maintain a general supply or in response to a specific shortage or emergency.


lexentry: eng/blood_eagle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood eagle
trans_list: aigle de sang
sense:
A method of Viking ritual execution, in which the ribs are opened from the back, and the lungs pulled out and arranged to resemble wings.


lexentry: eng/blood_is_thicker_than_water__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood is thicker than water
trans_list: bon sang ne peut mentir | bon sang ne saurait mentir | la voix du sang est la plus forte
sense:
(family, idiomatic) Family relations and loyalties are stronger than relationships with people who are not family members.


lexentry: eng/blood_plasma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood plasma
trans_list: plasma sanguin
sense:
(hematology) The clear fluid portion of blood in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended; forms serum upon clotting.


lexentry: eng/blood_poisoning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood poisoning
trans_list: septicémie | empoisonnement du sang | toxémie
sense:
(pathology) The presence in the bloodstream of microorganisms or their toxins in sufficient quantity to cause serious illness; sepsis or septicemia.


lexentry: eng/blood_pressure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood pressure
trans_list: tension artérielle | pression artérielle
sense:
The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries and veins; it varies during the heartbeat cycle, and according to a person's age, health and physical condition.


lexentry: eng/blood_sister__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blood sister
trans_list: sœur de sang
sense:
A female bound to another one in commitment and friendship by a ceremonial mingling of blood (aka the blood oath).


lexentry: eng/blood_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood test
trans_list: bilan sanguin | prise de sang
sense:
A serologic analysis of a sample of blood; a test in which blood is removed from a subject and analyzed to determine the presence or levels of any of a variety of substances which indicate whether the subject has health problems.


lexentry: eng/blood_transfusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood transfusion
trans_list: transfusion sanguine | transfusion
sense:
(medicine) The taking of blood from one individual and inserting it or blood-based products into the circulatory system of another.


lexentry: eng/blood_type__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood type
trans_list: groupe sanguin
sense:
A classification of blood that is based on the presence or absence of antigens in the red blood cells of an individual. For the purposes of blood transfusion three antigens referred to as "A", "B" and "RhD" (out of a total of 29) are the most important. Based on their presence the human blood can be classified to A, AB, B, and O blood types which are further divided to Rh positive or negative.


lexentry: eng/blood_vessel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blood vessel
trans_list: vaisseau sanguin | vaisseau
sense:
(anatomy) A component of the circulatory system, such as an artery, capillary, or vein, that carries blood.


lexentry: eng/bloodbath__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bloodbath
trans_list: bain de sang | boucherie | massacre
sense:
(figuratively) An upset (as of a game with unexpected results, or a national presidential convention) or heavy defeat.


lexentry: eng/bloodhound__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloodhound
trans_list: limier | chien de Saint-Hubert
sense:
A large scenthound famed for its ability to follow a scent many days old, over vast distances. This dog is often used as a police dog to track missing people, fleeing suspects, or escaped prisoners.


lexentry: eng/bloodletting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloodletting
trans_list: saignée
sense:
(historical, medicine) The archaic practice of treating illness by removing some blood, believed to be tainted, from the stricken person.


lexentry: eng/bloodlust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloodlust
trans_list: soif de sang
sense:
A desire for bloodshed and carnage, often aroused in the heat of battle and leading to uncontrolled slaughter and torture.


lexentry: eng/bloodroot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloodroot
trans_list: sanguinaire
sense:
A North American plant, Sanguinaria canadensis, of the poppy family, which has a red root and sap and a single white flower in early spring.


lexentry: eng/bloodsucker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloodsucker
trans_list: suceur de sang | suceuse de sang
sense:
An animal that drinks the blood of others, especially by sucking blood through a puncture wound; a hemovore.


lexentry: eng/bloody__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloody
trans_list: vachement
sense:
(informal, Britain, Ireland, Newfoundland, Australia, NZ, South Africa) Used to express anger, annoyance, shock, or for emphasis.


lexentry: eng/bloody_dock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloody dock
trans_list: patience sang-de-dragon | patience sanguine
sense:
A herb named for its characteristic red or purple veins, used in moderate amounts in salads and as ornamental vegetable, Rumex sanguineus.


lexentry: eng/bloody_mary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: bloody mary
trans_list: bloody mary
sense:
A cocktail made from vodka, tomato juice, and usually other spices or flavorings, such as Worcestershire sauce, Tabasco sauce, beef consommé or bouillon, horseradish, celery or celery salt, salt, black pepper, cayenne pepper, and lemon juice.


lexentry: eng/bloom__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: bloom
trans_list: efflorescence | en fleurs | floraison
sense:
(uncountable) The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open.


lexentry: eng/bloom__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: bloom
trans_list: fleur
sense:
(figuratively) A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms.


lexentry: eng/bloom__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: bloom
trans_list: pruine | duvet | velours
sense:
The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newly-gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc.


lexentry: eng/bloom__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: bloom
trans_list: voile
sense:
(culinary) A white area of cocoa butter that forms on the surface of chocolate when warmed and cooled.


lexentry: eng/blooming__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blooming
trans_list: florissant | florissante
sense:
Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor, vigour; indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health.


lexentry: eng/blooper__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: blooper
trans_list: bêtisier
sense:
(film, informal) A filmed or videotaped outtake that has recorded an amusing accident and/or mistake.


lexentry: eng/blossom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blossom
trans_list: fleur
sense:
A flower, especially one indicating that a fruit tree is fruiting; (collectively) a mass of such flowers.


lexentry: eng/blotter_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blotter acid
trans_list: bouillie
sense:
Blotter paper impregnated with the drug LSD, to be taken orally, and often featuring psychedelic imagery.


lexentry: eng/blouse__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blouse
trans_list: chemisier | corsage
sense:
(fashion) A shirt for women or girls, particularly a shirt with buttons and often a collar; a dress shirt tailored for women.


lexentry: eng/blow__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: blow
trans_list: souffler
sense:
(transitive) To propel by an air current (or, if under water, a water current), usually with the mouth.


lexentry: eng/blow__Verb__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: blow
trans_list: souffler
sense:
(intransitive, of a cetacean) To exhale visibly through the spout the seawater which it has taken in while feeding.


lexentry: eng/blow__Verb__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: blow
trans_list: péter | sauter
sense:
(transitive, with "up", or, with prep phrase headed by "to") To cause to explode, shatter, or be utterly destroyed.


lexentry: eng/blow_a_fuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blow a fuse
trans_list: faire sauter les plombs
sense:
(electricity) To overload a circuit sufficiently that a fuse protecting it melts away (or informally a circuit breaker trips), stopping current from flowing.


lexentry: eng/blow_hot_and_cold__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blow hot and cold
trans_list: souffler le chaud et le froid
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic) To behave inconsistently; to vacillate or to waver, as between extremes of opinion or emotion.


lexentry: eng/blow_off_steam__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: blow off steam
trans_list: décompresser | se défouler | souffler
sense:
(idiomatic) To vent; to talk or take action (especially in a ranting or unrestrained way) so as to relieve stress.


