# translation

lexentry: eng/I'm_hot__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I'm hot
trans_list: avoir chaud
sense:
Indicates that the speaker is hot (i.e. feeling the sensation of heat, especially to the point of discomfort)


lexentry: eng/I'm_in_love_with_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A declaration of passion or romantic feeling.
written_rep: I'm in love with you
trans_list:
je suis amoureuse de toi | je suis amoureuse de vous | je suis amoureux de toi | je suis amoureux de vous


lexentry: eng/I'm_not_religious__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Indicates that the speaker is a not a follower of any religious doctrines.
written_rep: I'm not religious
trans_list:
je ne suis pas croyant | je ne suis pas croyante | je ne suis pas religieuse | je ne suis pas religieux


lexentry: eng/I'm_sorry__Phrase__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: I'm sorry
trans_list: pardon | je suis désolé | je suis désolée
sense:
(with an upward inflection) Indicates that the speaker is confused or requests information to be repeated; come again?, say again?, I beg your pardon?; see also Thesaurus:say again


lexentry: eng/ICAO__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ICAO
trans_list: OACI
sense:
Acronym of w:International Civil Aviation Organization; a United Nations agency headquartered in Montreal, Canada.


lexentry: eng/ILO__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ILO
trans_list: OIT
sense:
Initialism of International Labour Organization, a specialised agency of the United Nations to deal with labour issues. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/IOC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: IOC
trans_list: CIO
sense:
(ornithology) Initialism of International Ornithological Committee. (now known as International Ornithologists' Union)


lexentry: eng/IPCC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: IPCC
trans_list: GIEC
sense:
(climate change, UN) Initialism of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: an intergovernmental body of the United Nations, established in 1988, aiming to advance scientific knowledge about climate change caused by human activities.


lexentry: eng/IP_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: IP address
trans_list: adresse IP
sense:
(Internet) A number assigned to each computer's or other device's network interface, which are active on a network. supporting the Internet Protocol, in order to distinguish each network interface, and hence each networked device) from every other network interface anywhere on the network.


lexentry: eng/ISIS__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ISIS
trans_list: Daech | EIIL
sense:
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state. [from 2013]


lexentry: eng/ISP__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ISP
trans_list: fournisseur d'accès à internet
sense:
(Internet) Initialism of internet service provider. (a company that provides Internet access for a fee)


lexentry: eng/I_Ching__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I Ching
trans_list: Yi-King
sense:
A Chinese classic text describing an ancient system of cosmology and philosophy which is at the heart of traditional Chinese cultural beliefs.


lexentry: eng/I_don't_care__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Indicates that the speaker has no interest or emotional investment in the topic at hand.
written_rep: I don't care
trans_list:
je m'en branle | je m'en fous | je m'en bats les couilles | je m’en fiche | je ne m'inquiète pas | ça m'est égal


lexentry: eng/I_don't_know__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I don't know
trans_list: je ne sais pas | je sais pas
sense:
A phrase used in response to a question or command in which the target person does not know the answer to or how to respond.


lexentry: eng/I_hate_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I hate you
trans_list: je te déteste | je te hais | je vous déteste | je vous hais
sense:
Expression of hatred, or intense disdain or dislike directed at someone. Some might invoke this phrase without literal implication, such as unselectively and uncontrolledly directing the phrase to innocent surrounding people as a result of difficult life circumstances, or jokingly in reponse to being pranked. Such uses should be avoided, however.


lexentry: eng/I_have_a_fever__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I have a fever
trans_list: j'ai de la fièvre
sense:
Indicates that the speaker has an abnormally high body temperature, which is usually a symptom of a disease.


lexentry: eng/I_know__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I know
trans_list: je le sais | je sais | je sais bien
sense:
A response used to indicate that speaker was in agreement with the preceding statement before it was made.


lexentry: eng/I_know_you_are_but_what_am_I__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I know you are but what am I
trans_list: c'est celui qui dit qui l'est | c'est celui qui dit qui y est
sense:
(rhetorical question, colloquial, childish) Assertion that an insult made by the party to whom the phrase is directed is actually true of that party, and not of the person using the phrase. Usually considered to be a playground taunt.


lexentry: eng/I_miss_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I miss you
trans_list: tu me manques
sense:
An expression of sorrow or sadness about the absence of a family member, close friend, lover or spouse.


lexentry: eng/I_tell_a_lie__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I tell a lie
trans_list: mentir
sense:
(chiefly, British, idiomatic) I am mistaken; I thought that what I said (or wrote) was true, but I have just realised that it is not.


lexentry: eng/I_think_therefore_I_am__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I think therefore I am
trans_list: je pense donc je suis
sense:
(philosophy) I am able to think, therefore I exist. A philosophical proof of existence based on the fact that someone capable of any form of thought necessarily exists.


lexentry: eng/I_told_you_so__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I told you so
trans_list: je te l'avais bien dit
sense:
Used to remind someone that they were already warned by the speaker/writer that a certain event would happen.


lexentry: eng/Iapetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iapetus
trans_list: Japet
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia, and father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius.


lexentry: eng/Ibadism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ibadism
trans_list: ibadisme
sense:
(Islam) The doctrines associated with Ibadis, such as the acceptance of fewer hadiths, and the addition of Jami Sahih as a canonical hadith.


lexentry: eng/Iberian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberian Peninsula
trans_list: péninsule ibérique | Péninsule Ibérique
sense:
A peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe which includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar, bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pyrenees forming the northeast edge of the peninsula, connecting it to the rest of Europe.


lexentry: eng/Iberian_chiffchaff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberian chiffchaff
trans_list: pouillot ibérique
sense:
Phylloscopus ibericus, a species of leaf warbler endemic to Portugal, Spain and North Africa, west of a line stretching roughly from the western Pyrenees via the mountains of central Spain to the Atlantic.


lexentry: eng/Iberomaurusian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberomaurusian
trans_list: ibéromaurusien
sense:
(archaeology) Of or pertaining to a population of early humans that occupied the Mediterranean littoral from Morocco to Tunisia 22,000 to 9,000 years ago


lexentry: eng/Icelandic_horse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Icelandic horse
trans_list: cheval islandais
sense:
A horse of a small, hardy breed developed from ponies taken to Iceland by Norse settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Ijekavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ijekavian
trans_list: iékavien | jékavien
sense:
A dialect, group of dialects or dialect continuum of Serbo-Croatian spoken through most of Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro and parts of Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as disyllabic (triphonemic) /ije/ or diphthongal /je/ sequence.


lexentry: eng/Ikavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ikavian
trans_list: ikavien
sense:
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in coastal Croatia distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /i/.


lexentry: eng/Illyria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Illyria
trans_list: Illyrie
sense:
A region in Southeast Europe, the western part of what is now the Balkan Peninsula that was inhabited by the Illyrians, ancient Indo-European people.


lexentry: eng/Immaculate_Conception__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Immaculate Conception
trans_list: immaculée conception
sense:
The doctrine, in the Roman Catholic Church, that the Virgin Mary was conceived biologically but free from original sin.


lexentry: eng/Imperial_Flanders__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Imperial Flanders
trans_list: Flandre impériale
sense:
The (smaller) part of the countship of Flanders, east of the Scheldt (Escaut), for which the count did not pay homage as vassal of the French king but to the Holy Roman Emperor.


lexentry: eng/Inca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inca
trans_list: Inca
sense:
A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest.


lexentry: eng/Inca_dove__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inca dove
trans_list: colombe inca
sense:
Columbina inca, a small New World dove ranging from the southwestern United States to Central America.


lexentry: eng/Incarnation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Incarnation
trans_list: incarnation
sense:
(Christianity) The doctrine that the second person of the Trinity assumed human form in the person of Jesus Christ and is fully divine and fully human.


lexentry: eng/India__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: India
trans_list: Inde
sense:
(historical, often "British India") A territory of the British Empire, chiefly comprising the modern day countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Burma.


lexentry: eng/Indian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indian
trans_list: indien | Indien | Indienne | amérindien | Amérindienne | Amérindien
sense:
An American Indian, a member of one of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (generally excluding the Aleut, Inuit, Metis, or Yupik). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_cobra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian cobra
trans_list: cobra
sense:
A cobra of the species Naja naja, having on its hood two circular ocelli patterns connected by a curved line.


lexentry: eng/Indian_summer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian summer
trans_list: été indien | été de la Saint-Martin | été des Indiens
sense:
A stretch of sunny and warm, often hazy, days during late autumn. [from late 18th c., popularized in the early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_sunburn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian sunburn
trans_list: brûlure indienne
sense:
(slang) The prank of grabbing a victim's forearm in both hands and twisting the skin in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/Indies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Indies
trans_list: Indes
sense:
(historical) The Western Hemisphere, during the early period of European colonization and exploration.


lexentry: eng/Indo-Aryan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-Aryan
trans_list: indo-aryen
sense:
A branch of Indo-Iranian and thus Indo-European language family, with a total number of native speakers of more than 900 million, chiefly in South Asia.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indo-European
trans_list: indoeuropéen | indo-européen
sense:
Of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family. Also called Proto-Indo-European and abbreviated PIE.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-European
trans_list: indo-européen
sense:
A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-European studies
trans_list: études indo-européennes
sense:
The academic study of the Indo-European languages in relation to Proto-Indo-European, and sometimes of related humanities. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/Indochina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indochina
trans_list: Indochine
sense:
The former French colonial part of Southeast Asia comprising the peninsula containing Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, and more broadly, Myanmar and Thailand.


lexentry: eng/Industrial_Revolution__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Industrial Revolution
trans_list: révolution industrielle
sense:
(historical) The major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture.


lexentry: eng/Information_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Information Age
trans_list: ère de l'information
sense:
The current era, characterised by the increasing importance and availability of information (especially by means of computers), as opposed to previous eras (such as the Industrial Age) in which most endeavours related to some physical process or product.


lexentry: eng/Ingush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ingush
trans_list: Ingouche
sense:
A member of a Nakh people of the northeastern Caucasus, now mostly Sunni Muslim and resident in the Russian republic of Ingushetia.


lexentry: eng/Instagram__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Instagram
trans_list: Instagram
sense:
(Internet) An online photo- and video-sharing social networking service, originally designed to mimic old-fashioned instant cameras.


lexentry: eng/Instagrammable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Instagrammable
trans_list: instagrammable
sense:
(informal) Visually attractive or interesting such that it lends itself to being photographed and posted on social media (specifically on Instagram); photogenic. [from early 21st c.]


lexentry: eng/Interlingua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Interlingua
trans_list: Interlingua | interlingua
sense:
A constructed interlanguage based on Romance languages, English, German, Russian and Latin, developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association, and first published in 1951.


lexentry: eng/International_Court_of_Justice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Court of Justice
trans_list: Cour internationale de justice
sense:
(UN) A judicial body of the United Nations, established in 1945 to decide disputes brought by nations.


lexentry: eng/International_Date_Line__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Date Line
trans_list: ligne de changement de date
sense:
An imaginary line on the Earth's surface at 180° longitude, mostly through the Pacific Ocean, to the east of which the calendar date is one day earlier than to the west.


lexentry: eng/International_Monetary_Fund__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Monetary Fund
trans_list: Fonds monétaire international
sense:
The international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked.


lexentry: eng/International_System_of_Units__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International System of Units
trans_list: Système international d'unités | Système international
sense:
(metrology) A standard set of units of measurement for use in scientific literature worldwide. The newest and most widespread version of the metric system.


lexentry: eng/Internationale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internationale
trans_list: Internationale
sense:
A general left-wing anthem for solidarity and emancipation of the working class, dating back to the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Internet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internet
trans_list: Internet
sense:
The specific internet consisting of a global network of computers that communicate using Internet Protocol (IP) and that use Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to identify the best paths to route those communications.


lexentry: eng/Invisible_Pink_Unicorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Invisible Pink Unicorn
trans_list: Licorne rose invisible
sense:
(Internet slang, humorous) A unicorn goddess who is simultaneously invisible and pink, used in arguments against faith in an unprovable deity.


lexentry: eng/Io__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Io
trans_list: Io
sense:
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter, known for its volcanic activity, peppered with about 400 active volcanoes.


lexentry: eng/Ionia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ionia
trans_list: Ionie
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; An Ancient Greek settlement on the west coast of Asia Minor inhabited by the Ionians, one of the four main Hellenic tribes.


lexentry: eng/Ionian_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ionian Islands
trans_list: îles Ioniennes
sense:
A group of islands in the Ionian Sea - one of the 13 peripheries of Greece. The main islands are Cephalonia, Corfu, Ithaca, Kythira, Lefkada, Paxoi and Zante.


lexentry: eng/Ionic_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ionic Greek
trans_list: ionien
sense:
The dialect of Ancient Greek used on Euboea and other islands in the Aegean Sea and in parts of Asia Minor, from around 1000 to 300 B.C.E., closely related to Attic Greek and contributing a great deal to Epic Greek. The language of Herodotus, Hippocrates, and Archilochus.


lexentry: eng/Iphigenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iphigenia
trans_list: Iphigénie
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, who is sacrificed by her father to ensure the safe journey of the Greeks to Troy.


lexentry: eng/Iranian_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iranian studies
trans_list: iranologie
sense:
(humanities) an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples


lexentry: eng/Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ireland
trans_list: Irlande
sense:
A republic occupying the majority-area of the island of Ireland, with Northern Ireland occupying the rest of the island. Also known as the Republic of Ireland since 1949.


lexentry: eng/Irish_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Irish Sea
trans_list: Mer d'Irlande
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland; bordered to the north by the North Channel and to the south by St George's Channel and the Celtic Sea.


lexentry: eng/Iron_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Age
trans_list: âge du fer
sense:
(mythology) The most recent and debased of the four or five classical Ages of Man; hence, any period characterized by wicked behavior. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iron_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Iron Age
trans_list: âge du fer | Âge du fer
sense:
(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100BC) [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iron_Cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Cross
trans_list: croix de fer
sense:
(military) (formerly) the second highest military decoration of Germany, under the military order of the Pour le Mérite, or the cross pattée shape of this decoration.


lexentry: eng/Iron_Curtain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Curtain
trans_list: rideau de fer
sense:
(historical) The dividing line between Western Europe and the Soviet controlled regions, especially during the Cold War.


lexentry: eng/Iroquois_Confederacy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iroquois Confederacy
trans_list: Confédération iroquoise | Iroquoisie | Ligue iroquoise
sense:
A confederacy of Iroquoian tribes. Initially consisting of the Five Nations (Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca), later of the Six Nations (adding the Tuscarora)


lexentry: eng/Iroquois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iroquois
trans_list: Iroquois
sense:
A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League.


lexentry: eng/Isaac__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isaac
trans_list: Isaac
sense:
(biblical character) The son of Abraham and Sarah, father of Esau and Jacob, from whom the Hebrew people trace their descent.


lexentry: eng/Ishmael__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ishmael
trans_list: Ismaël
sense:
(Abrahamic religions) The eldest son of Abraham and his wife's handmaiden Hagar who were cast out after the birth of Isaac; traditionally the ancestor of the Arabs via the Ishmaelites.


lexentry: eng/Isis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isis
trans_list: Isis
sense:
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian goddess, the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, worshiped as the ideal mother and wife and as the matron of nature and magic.


lexentry: eng/Islam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islam
trans_list: Islam | islam
sense:
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.


lexentry: eng/Islamic_State__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islamic State
trans_list: État islamique
sense:
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state.


lexentry: eng/Islamic_fundamentalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islamic fundamentalism
trans_list: fondamentalisme islamique
sense:
A revolutionary movement towards Islamism, with literal and traditional interpretations of their sacred texts. It is often used to describe Muslim groups that advocate the replacement of secular state laws with Islamic law, or Shari'a.


lexentry: eng/Islamism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Islamism
trans_list: islamisme
sense:
(by extension) Islamic fundamentalism, especially the forms that promote violence, hostility, and persecution of non-believers. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Isle_of_Wight__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isle of Wight
trans_list: île de Wight
sense:
An island, county and unitary authority off the south coast of England in the English Channel opposite Southampton.


lexentry: eng/Israelite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Israelite
trans_list: Israélite
sense:
A native or inhabitant of (i) the united nation of Israel (under the Judges, and then kings Saul, David and Solomon), or (ii) the later northern kingdom centered in Samaria, distinct from kingdom of Judah centered in Jerusalem.


lexentry: eng/Issa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Issa
trans_list: Issa
sense:
A member of a Somali clan, mainly residing in Djibouti; it is the larger of the two dominant ethnic groups.


lexentry: eng/Istanbul__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istanbul
trans_list: Istanbul
sense:
A Turkish city, and the largest European city by population, which was the last capital of the Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).


lexentry: eng/Istria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istria
trans_list: Istrie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, Slovenia, and Italy, on the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea: The Istrian Peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Istro-Romanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istro-Romanian
trans_list: Istro-roumain
sense:
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in the Istrian region of Croatia, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian.


lexentry: eng/Italian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italian Peninsula
trans_list: Péninsule italienne
sense:
A large peninsula in Southern Europe protruding into the Mediterranean Sea and shaped like a boot. The mountain range of Apennines runs across it from north to south. Occupied almost entirely by Italy.


lexentry: eng/Italian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italian
trans_list: italien
sense:
(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/Italian_oak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italian oak
trans_list: chêne de Hongrie
sense:
Quercus frainetto, a species of oak native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Italianization__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italianization
trans_list: italianisation
sense:
(historical) The forced cultural and ethnic assimilation of minorities in the Kingdom of Italy, with particular reference to the Fascist government (1922–1943).


lexentry: eng/Italic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italic
trans_list: italique
sense:
(Indo-European studies) Pertaining to a subfamily of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language family, that includes Latin and other languages (as Oscan, Umbrian) spoken by the peoples of ancient Italy


lexentry: eng/Iwo_Jima__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iwo Jima
trans_list: Iwo Jima
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now administered as part of Tokyo's Ogasawara Subprefecture and most famous for a major battle in World War II.


lexentry: eng/Ixion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ixion
trans_list: Ixion
sense:
(Greek mythology) King of Lapiths, who was punished by Zeus for trying to seduce Hera by being bound to a winged fiery wheel that was always spinning.


lexentry: eng/Ixion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ixion
trans_list: Ixion
sense:
(astronomy) A Kuiper belt object (KBO), 28978 Ixion (provisional designation 2001 KX76), once thought to be a possible dwarf planet.


lexentry: eng/Izmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Izmir
trans_list: Izmir
sense:
A major Turkish port city situated midway along the western Anatolian seaboard, geographically continuous with the ancient city of Smyrna.


lexentry: eng/Jack_the_Ripper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jack the Ripper
trans_list: Jack l’Éventreur
sense:
A supposed individual who was an unidentified 19th century serial killer in England, who has become part of folklore.


lexentry: eng/Jacob's_ladder__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Jacob's ladder
trans_list: échelle de corde
sense:
A toy consisting of blocks of wood, held together by strings or ribbons, that appear to cascade downward as they flip over.


lexentry: eng/Jacob's_ladder__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Jacob's ladder
trans_list: échelle de corde
sense:
A high-voltage electrical device, often used as a visual effect in old movies, which has a pair of vertical electrodes that form an arc between them starting at the bottom, rising to the top, then repeating.


lexentry: eng/Jacob__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jacob
trans_list: Jacob | Jacques
sense:
(biblical character) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.


lexentry: eng/Jacobite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jacobite
trans_list: jacobite
sense:
(historical) A supporter of the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland in the late 17th century. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/Jaffa_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jaffa cake
trans_list: Jaffa Cake
sense:
(chiefly, British) A small, biscuit-like cake with a base of firm sponge, a layer of orange jelly, and a chocolate covering.


lexentry: eng/Jahannam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jahannam
trans_list: Jahannam
sense:
(Islam) Islamic concept of hell, where unfaithful Muslims not true to their religion will be punished, but will eventually be forgiven.


lexentry: eng/Jamahiriya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jamahiriya
trans_list: jamahiriya
sense:
(historical) State of the masses; people's republic; the form of the Libyan state ruled by Muammar Gaddafi from 1977-2011, during which time it was known first as the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya then as the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.


lexentry: eng/James_Bay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: James Bay
trans_list: Baie James
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A large sub-arctic sea surrounded on three sides by land of Ontario (on the west and south) and Quebec (on the east and south), the southernmost extension of the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/James_Bond__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: James Bond
trans_list: James Bond
sense:
A fictional British spy in the novels of Ian Fleming and the motion pictures based on these novels, famous for his suavity, ingenuity, ruthlessness and supply of gadgets.


lexentry: eng/James__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: James
trans_list: Jacques
sense:
One of two Apostles, James the Greater and James the Less, often identified with James, brother of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Jammu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jammu
trans_list: Jammu
sense:
The city of Jammu, located on the banks of Tawi river, which is one the largest cities in this region and which serves as the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.


lexentry: eng/Jammu_and_Kashmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jammu and Kashmir
trans_list: Jammu-et-Cachemire
sense:
(now, historical) A princely state which governed the region of Kashmir, the territory of which is now de facto divided between China, India, and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Jansenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jansenism
trans_list: jansénisme
sense:
The Catholic doctrines of Cornelius Jansen and his followers, which emphasise original sin, divine grace and predestination; condemned as a heresy by Pope Innocent X in 1653


lexentry: eng/January__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: January
trans_list: janvier
sense:
The first month of the Gregorian calendar, following the December of the previous year and preceding February. Abbreviation: Jan or Jan.


lexentry: eng/Janus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Janus
trans_list: Janus
sense:
(Roman god) The god of doorways, gates and transitions, and of beginnings and endings, having two faces looking in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/Japanese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese
trans_list: Japonais | Japonaise | Nippon | Nippone
sense:
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people living in or coming from Japan, or of Japanese ancestry.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese beetle
trans_list: scarabée japonais | hanneton japonais
sense:
A beetle of species Popillia japonica, with iridescent copper-colored elytra and green thorax and head, an invasive pest outside of Japan.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_encephalitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese encephalitis
trans_list: encéphalite japonaise
sense:
(pathology) A viral disease prevalent in south-east Asia, caused by Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquito.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_knotweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese knotweed
trans_list: renouée du Japon
sense:
A large, herbaceous perennial plant, Fallopia japonica, native to Asia; it is a highly invasive colonizer outside of its native territory.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_maple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese maple
trans_list: érable japonais
sense:
A species of maple, Acer palmatum, with great natural variety of appearance, often with reddish leaves for most of the year and multiple trunks, widely grown as an ornamental.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_spitz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese spitz
trans_list: spitz japonais
sense:
(zoology) A small breed of dog from Japan, having a somewhat square body, deep chest, and very thick, pure white double coat.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese studies
trans_list: japonologie
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Japanese language, Japanese linguistics, and Japanese sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Japheth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japheth
trans_list: Jafet | Japhet
sense:
(biblical character) The third son of Noah, brother to Shem and Ham, who received a blessing from God with Shem, considered to be the ancestor of the Japhetic people(s) (associated approx. with Indo-Europeans).


lexentry: eng/Jared__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jared
trans_list: Jéred
sense:
(biblical character) A man mentioned in the Book of Genesis, a descendant of Adam and of Seth, the father of Enoch, an ancestor of Noah.


lexentry: eng/Jason__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jason
trans_list: Jason
sense:
(Greek mythology) The leader of the Argonauts, who retrieved the Golden Fleece from king Aeetes of Colchis, for his uncle Pelias.


lexentry: eng/Jedi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jedi
trans_list: Jedi
sense:
(scifi) One of a fictional order of beings from the Star Wars universe who are gifted with heightened awareness of the Force.


lexentry: eng/Jehovah's_Witness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jehovah's Witness
trans_list: témoin de Jéhovah
sense:
A member of a monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.


lexentry: eng/Jehovah's_Witnesses__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jehovah's Witnesses
trans_list: Témoins de Jéhovah
sense:
A monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.


lexentry: eng/Jeju__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jeju
trans_list: jeju
sense:
An endangered language, sometimes considered a dialect of the Korean language, spoken on the island.


lexentry: eng/Jeroboam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jeroboam
trans_list: Jéroboam
sense:
A bottle of champagne or Burgundy wine containing 3 liters of fluid, four times the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/Jeroboam__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jeroboam
trans_list: Jéroboam | jéroboam
sense:
A bottle of Bordeaux wine containing 4.5 liters of fluid, six times the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem_Talmud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem Talmud
trans_list: Talmud de Jérusalem
sense:
The Talmud composed and compiled primarily from the teachings, discussions and disagreements of the Amoraim of the land of Israel.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem_artichoke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem artichoke
trans_list: topinambour
sense:
A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.


lexentry: eng/Jesus_Christ__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus Christ
trans_list: Jésus-Christ
sense:
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.


lexentry: eng/Jesus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus
trans_list: Jésus
sense:
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


lexentry: eng/Jew's-ear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jew's-ear
trans_list: oreille de Judas | oreille du diable
sense:
A kind of edible fungus, Auricularia auricula-judae, growing on tree-trunks, formerly used for medicinal purposes.


lexentry: eng/Jew's_harp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jew's harp
trans_list: guimbarde | campurgne
sense:
A musical instrument consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo “tongue” attached to a frame. This tongue is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note of constant pitch. Melodies can be created by changing the shape of the mouth and causing different overtones.


lexentry: eng/Jewish_Bolshevism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jewish Bolshevism
trans_list: judéo-bolchévisme
sense:
(derogatory) Soviet Communism (Marxism-Leninism) when viewed, usually by people on the right wing, as a Jewish political ideology; Judeo-Bolshevism.


lexentry: eng/Jewry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jewry
trans_list: judaïcité | judaïté | judeïté | judéité | juiverie
sense:
(historical) The quarter of a town or city inhabited either partially or exclusively by Jews; historically, its main buildings were the synagogue, the ritual bath or mikve, the kosher-oriented butchery and bakery, etc. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Jezebel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jezebel
trans_list: Jezebel | Jézabel
sense:
(biblical character) The Phoenician princess and Queen of Ancient Israel who appears in the Old Testament (1 Kings & 2 Kings). She incited heresy and lured the Jews away from their God and back to idols.


lexentry: eng/Jigglypuff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jigglypuff
trans_list: Rondoudou
sense:
(sometimes, _, attributive) Something that resembles the Pokémon Jigglypuff, e.g. by being rotund, bright pink, or able to induce sleep.


lexentry: eng/Joe_Public__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Joe Public
trans_list: Tartempion
sense:
(idiomatic) A hypothetical average or generic member of the public; the common man (or person, by extension).


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: John
trans_list: Jean
sense:
(biblical) Persons of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist; and names possibly referring to one, two or three persons, frequently called "Saint": John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos (also called John the Divine or John the Theologian).


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: John
trans_list: (Évangile selon) Jean | Jn
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. John, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the fourth of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: John
trans_list: Jean | 1 | 2 | 3 Jn
sense:
(biblical) One of the books in the New Testament of the Bible, the epistles of John (1 John, 2 John and 3 John).


lexentry: eng/Jolly_Roger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jolly Roger
trans_list: pavillon noir | pavillon pirate
sense:
The traditional flag used on European and American pirate ships, and, more recently, by submarine crews, often pictured as a white skull and crossbones on a black field; the blackjack. [from early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/Jovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jovian
trans_list: jovien | jupitérien
sense:
(Roman mythology) Pertaining to the Roman god Jove or Jupiter (the counterpart of the Greek god Zeus); Jove-like; befitting Jupiter.


lexentry: eng/Judah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judah
trans_list: Juda
sense:
(biblical) The southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel.


lexentry: eng/Judaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judaism
trans_list: judaïsme
sense:
An Abrahamic religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle East, as documented in their religious writings, the Tanakh.


lexentry: eng/Judaizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judaizer
trans_list: judaïsant | judaïsante
sense:
(historical) One of the Jews who accepted Christianity but still adhered to the law of Moses and worshipped in the temple at Jerusalem.


lexentry: eng/Judas_Iscariot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas Iscariot
trans_list: Judas Iscariote
sense:
(biblical character) One of the twelve disciples of Jesus in the New Testament, who betrayed Jesus into the hands of the chief priests for 30 pieces of silver.


lexentry: eng/Judas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas
trans_list: Judas
sense:
(biblical character) One of the twelve original Apostles of Jesus, known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.


lexentry: eng/Judas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judas
trans_list: Judas
sense:
(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of Jude, the penultimate book of the Bible and its ascribed author, Jude the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Judas_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas tree
trans_list: arbre de Judas | arbre de Judée
sense:
A small deciduous tree, Cercis siliquastrum, noted for its prolific display of deep-pink flowers in spring.


lexentry: eng/Judea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judea
trans_list: Judée
sense:
Roman rendition of Judah. Used after the fall of the Davidic dynasty and through the period as part of the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Julian_calendar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Julian calendar
trans_list: calendrier julien
sense:
The calendar which was used in the western world before the present-day Gregorian calendar. The Julian calendar differed in having all multiple-of-4 years as leap years.


lexentry: eng/July_Monarchy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: July Monarchy
trans_list: monarchie de Juillet
sense:
A period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the February Revolution of 1848.


lexentry: eng/July__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: July
trans_list: juillet
sense:
The seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following June and preceding August. Abbreviation: Jul or Jul.


lexentry: eng/June__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: June
trans_list: juin
sense:
The sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July. Abbreviation: Jun or Jun.


lexentry: eng/Jupiter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jupiter
trans_list: Jupiter
sense:
(Roman god) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.


lexentry: eng/Jupiter_mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jupiter mass
trans_list: masse de Jupiter
sense:
(astronomy) A unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Jupiter, used to express the mass of other planets. 1 MJ = 2 × 1027 kg.


lexentry: eng/Jurassic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jurassic
trans_list: jurassique
sense:
(geology) Of or pertaining to the second period of the Mesozoic era, a time still dominated by dinosaurs.


lexentry: eng/Jurassic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jurassic
trans_list: jurassique | Jurassique
sense:
(geology, paleontology) The period from 201.3±0.2 to 145 million years ago, after the Triassic and before the Cretaceous; the geologic systems of this period.


lexentry: eng/Justinian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Justinian
trans_list: Justinien
sense:
A family name in Late Antiquity, notably that of Justinian I, emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565.


lexentry: eng/Jute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jute
trans_list: dunette
sense:
A member of the Germanic tribe that existed in modern-day Denmark that invaded England about the same time as the Angles and the Saxons in the beginning of the Middle Ages, but were eventually integrated by the time of the Norman Conquest.


lexentry: eng/KN95__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: KN95
trans_list: KN95
sense:
(uncountable) An air particulate filtration standard originating in the People's Republic of China, which requires filtration of 95% of air particulates 0.3 microns and larger.


lexentry: eng/K__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: K
trans_list: R
sense:
(baseball) On a baseball scorecard, a frontwards K signifies striking out while swinging the bat, while a backwards K signifies striking out while looking.


lexentry: eng/Kaaba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaaba
trans_list: Ka'ba
sense:
The nearly cubical stone temple in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam and site of the great hajj assembly


lexentry: eng/Kabardian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabardian
trans_list: kabarde
sense:
A North Caucasian language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, also known as East Circassian.


lexentry: eng/Kabballah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabballah
trans_list: kabbale
sense:
(Judaism) A body of mystical Jewish teachings based on an esoteric reading of the Hebrew scriptures.


lexentry: eng/Kabyle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabyle
trans_list: kabyle
sense:
A Northern Berber language of the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic language family, spoken by over 3,000,000 people in Algeria; native name Taqbaylit.


lexentry: eng/Kachin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kachin
trans_list: Kachin
sense:
Any of a number of non-Burman ethnolinguistic groups in Kachin State, Burma, including the Jingpho people.


lexentry: eng/Kahlúa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kahlúa
trans_list: Kahlúa
sense:
A brand of heavy, sweet, coffee flavored liqueur made in Mexico; a variety or serving of this drink.


lexentry: eng/Kahoolawe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kahoolawe
trans_list: Kahoolawe
sense:
An uninhabited island, the smallest of the main 8 islands of Hawaii in the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/Kaiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaiser
trans_list: empereur | kaiser
sense:
An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.


lexentry: eng/Kalash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kalash
trans_list: Kalash
sense:
A Dardic indigenous group residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalasha language.


lexentry: eng/Kali__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kali
trans_list: Kâlî
sense:
(Hinduism) A goddess in Hinduism, one of the most significant figures within that religion, who destroys evil forces and bestows liberation.


lexentry: eng/Kama_Sutra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kama Sutra
trans_list: Kâmasûtra
sense:
A Sanskrit treatise (sutra) setting forth rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure, love, and marriage in accordance with Hindu law.


lexentry: eng/Kamloops__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kamloops
trans_list: Kamloops | Lac Kamloops
sense:
Ellipsis of Kamloops Lake.; TemplateParserError:LuaError, located at the confluence of the two branches of the Thompson River.


lexentry: eng/Kan_extension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kan extension
trans_list: extension de Kan
sense:
(category theory) A construct that generalizes the notion of extending a function's domain of definition.


lexentry: eng/Kansas_City__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kansas City
trans_list: Kansas City
sense:
A large metropolitan area straddling the border between Kansas and Missouri, USA. Kansas City is split into two separate cities:


lexentry: eng/Kantianism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kantianism
trans_list: kantisme
sense:
(philosophy) The philosophical system of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and his followers; also called transcendental idealism.


lexentry: eng/Karaim__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karaim
trans_list: karaïm
sense:
A Kipchak Turkic language, with Aramaic and Persian influences, spoken in Lithuania, Poland, the Crimea and the Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Karaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karaism
trans_list: karaïsme
sense:
A Jewish movement that recognises only the Tanakh as a supreme legal authority, distinct from Rabbinic Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Karelian_pasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karelian pasty
trans_list: pirojki carélien
sense:
A traditional pasty from Karelia, usually with a rye crust and now most often eaten with a mixture of boiled eggs and butter.


lexentry: eng/Karluk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karluk
trans_list: Qarluq
sense:
A member of a nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in Kara-Irtysh and the Tarbagatai Mountains, closely related to the Uyghurs.


lexentry: eng/Kashmir_Valley__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kashmir Valley
trans_list: vallée du Cachemire
sense:
A valley around 135 km long and 32 km wide, formed by the Jhelum river, located between the Karakoram and the Pir Panjal Range, within the central Indian-controlled part of the disputed region of Kashmir.


lexentry: eng/Kashmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kashmir
trans_list: Cachemire
sense:
A region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) China, India, and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Katharevousa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Katharevousa
trans_list: katharévousa
sense:
A learned, archaising form of Modern Greek, based on Classical Greek and used for formal and official purposes; it was legally displaced as the official language of Greece in 1976 by Demotic Greek.


lexentry: eng/Katyusha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Katyusha
trans_list: Katioucha | orgue de Staline
sense:
A type of artillery rocket launcher consisting of an array of rockets mounted on a truck, originated in the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Kazan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kazan
trans_list: Kazan
sense:
(historical) the Khanate of Kazan, a Tatar Turkic state that occupied the territory of former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552.


lexentry: eng/Keeshond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keeshond
trans_list: spitz loup
sense:
A spitz bred in the Netherlands and Germany, characterized by a fluffy coat of silver and black fur.


lexentry: eng/Kemalist__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kemalist
trans_list: kémaliste
sense:
Of or pertaining to the ideology of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; following the ideals of Kemalism, including separation of the new Turkish state from its Ottoman predecessor and the embracement of Western-style democracy and secularism.


lexentry: eng/Kentish_plover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kentish plover
trans_list: sablier
sense:
Charadrius alexandrinus, a small wader that breeds in a wide range, from southern Europe to Japan and in Ecuador, Peru, Chile, the southern United States and the Caribbean, but not including Kent.


lexentry: eng/Kentucky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kentucky
trans_list: Kentucky
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; largest city: Louisville. Formally known as the Commonwealth of Kentucky, one of four such states known as Commonwealths.


lexentry: eng/Kenyan_English__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kenyan English
trans_list: anglais kenyan
sense:
The English language as written and spoken in Kenya, and among Kenyan expatriates in other countries.


lexentry: eng/Kepler's_equation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kepler's equation
trans_list: équation de Kepler
sense:
(astronomy, celestial mechanics) the mathematical relationship between the mean anomaly (M) and the eccentric anomaly (E) of a planet in an elliptical orbit with eccentricity ( \textstyle \epsilon ). M = E - \epsilon \cdot \sin(E).


lexentry: eng/Kermodism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kermodism
trans_list: kermodisme
sense:
A genetic trait in Kermode bears, a subspecies of black bears, Ursus americanus, in which a white-skinned offspring is born.


lexentry: eng/Keynesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keynesian
trans_list: keynésien
sense:
(economics) Of or pertaining to an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s, and extensively extended by a large body of followers before and after his death in 1946.


lexentry: eng/Keynesianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keynesianism
trans_list: keynésianisme
sense:
(economics) A prescriptive or normative economic stance according to which the state should actively stimulate economic growth and improve stability in the private sector through interest rates, taxation and public projects.


lexentry: eng/Khanty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khanty
trans_list: khanty
sense:
The Ob-Ugric language spoken by these people, now more often considered a group of closely related languages.


lexentry: eng/Khazar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khazar
trans_list: khazar
sense:
A member of a semi-nomadic Turkic tribe that occupied a large part of southwestern Russia and Ukraine (Khazaria).


lexentry: eng/Khinalug__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khinalug
trans_list: khinalug
sense:
A Northeast Caucasian language spoken mainly in the villages of Khinalug and Qalayxudat just north of Quba (Quba Rayon, Azerbaijan).


lexentry: eng/Khmer_Rouge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khmer Rouge
trans_list: Khmers rouges
sense:
(historical) A Cambodian communist guerrilla force active from the 1970s to the 1990s under the leadership of Pol Pot.


lexentry: eng/Khoisan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Khoisan
trans_list: Khoisan
sense:
The group of languages associated with the Khoisan including the Khoi, Kx'a and Tuu families, sometimes to the inclusion of the Hadza and Sandawe language isolates of Tanzania.


lexentry: eng/Khorasan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khorasan
trans_list: Khorasan | Khorassan
sense:
(historical) The Sassanian and post-Islamic Persian name for the region of Parthia located in north east of Persia (Iran), sometimes covering also parts of Central Asia and Afghanistan; the Greater Khorasan.


lexentry: eng/Khorasan_wheat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khorasan wheat
trans_list: blé khorasan
sense:
An ancient tetraploid species or subspecies of wheat (Triticum turanicum), historically cultivated in Central Asia.


lexentry: eng/Khrushchev__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khrushchev
trans_list: Khrouchtchev
sense:
English transliteration of the Russian surname Хрущёв; usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Nikita Khrushchev.


lexentry: eng/Kierkegaardian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kierkegaardian
trans_list: kierkegaardien
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) or his existentialist philosophy.


lexentry: eng/Kievan_Rus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kievan Rus
trans_list: Rus de Kiev | Rus' de Kiev
sense:
(historical) A medieval principality in Eastern Europe centred around Kiev; considered an early predecessor of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.


lexentry: eng/Kim__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kim
trans_list: Kim
sense:
A surname from Korean, the English form of a surname very common in Korea. (^김, hanja: 金), the most common Korean surname.


lexentry: eng/King_Arthur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: King Arthur
trans_list: roi Arthur
sense:
A legendary king of Britain, said to have led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century.


lexentry: eng/King_James_Version__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: King James Version
trans_list: Bible du roi Jacques
sense:
(biblical, Christianity) An English translation, published in 1611, of the Bible from the original Hebrew (Old Testament) and Greek (New Testament) commissioned for the Church of England, which is the version most quoted and influential in English literature and English Protestant religious culture.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of England
trans_list: Royaume d'Angleterre
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on 1 May 1707.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Heaven__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Heaven
trans_list: Royaume des cieux
sense:
(Christianity) A concept of heaven as a hierarchical dominion with God at the top and a court of saints, archangels and angels.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Naples__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Kingdom of Naples
trans_list:
Royaume de Naples | Royaume de Sicile en Deçà du Détroit de Messine | Sicile Citérieure | Sicile Péninsulaire


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Scotland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Scotland
trans_list: Royaume d'Écosse
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on the First of May 1707.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Yugoslavia
trans_list: Royaume de Yougoslavie
sense:
the official name of former Yugoslavia in the interwar period (1929-1943), after Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918-1929)


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
trans_list: Royaume des Deux-Siciles
sense:
(historical) A former kingdom in southern Italy with its capital at Palermo and Naples between 1816 and 1861, covering Sicily and most of the present-day Mezzogiorno.


lexentry: eng/Kinshasa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kinshasa
trans_list: Kinshasa
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River.


lexentry: eng/Kitara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kitara
trans_list: Kitara | Kittara | Kitwara
sense:
(history) A legendary empire in African oral tradition, supposed to have lasted until the 16th century and to have included territory in modern Uganda, northern Tanzania, eastern Congo (DRC), Rwanda, and Burundi.


lexentry: eng/Kitti's_hog-nosed_bat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kitti's hog-nosed bat
trans_list: Kitti à nez de porc
sense:
Craseonycteris thonglongyai, a small bat with a distinctive pig-like snout, found in western Thailand and southeast Burma.


lexentry: eng/Klein_bottle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klein bottle
trans_list: bouteille de Klein
sense:
(topology) The closed manifold obtained by identifying the boundary components of the annulus so that the resultant surface is nonorientable.


lexentry: eng/Klingon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klingon
trans_list: Klingon
sense:
(countable) Member of an alien warrior race in the Star Trek universe with distinctive forehead ridges and a culture based on strict observance of honour, loyalty, and combat.


lexentry: eng/Kodiak_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kodiak bear
trans_list: ours kodiak
sense:
The largest brown bear, Ursus arctos middendorffi, found on Kodiak Island off the south coast of Alaska, United States.


lexentry: eng/Koine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koine
trans_list: koinè
sense:
The “common” Greek language that developed and flourished between 300 B.C.E. and 300 C.E. (the time of the Roman Empire), and from which Modern Greek descended. It was based on the Attic and Ionian dialects of Ancient Greek.


lexentry: eng/Komi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komi
trans_list: Komi
sense:
A Finno-Ugric language currently spoken by 200,000 to 400,000 people, depending on source and definition of "speaker", in northeastern European part of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Komodo_dragon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komodo dragon
trans_list: dragon de Komodo | varan de Komodo
sense:
Varanus komodoensis, an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.


lexentry: eng/Komsomol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komsomol
trans_list: Komsomol
sense:
(historical) Young Communist League, the former youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Komsomolsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komsomolsk
trans_list: Komsomolsk | Komsomolsk-sur-l’Amour
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Amur river; in full, Komsomolsk-na-Amure or Komsomolsk-on-Amur.


lexentry: eng/Korea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korea
trans_list: Corée
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Since World War II, Korea has been divided into two sovereign states, commonly called South Korea and North Korea.


lexentry: eng/Korean_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean War
trans_list: Guerre de Corée
sense:
(historical) A war fought in the Korean Peninsula from 1950–1953 between the Soviet Union-backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United Nations-backed Republic of Korea.


lexentry: eng/Korean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean
trans_list: coréen
sense:
(uncountable) Official language of the people residing on the Korean Peninsula, and language of approximately 60 million people, in Asia, North America, and elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/Korean_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean studies
trans_list: coréanologie | études coréennes
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literature written in the Korean language, Korean linguistics, and Korean sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Koreanic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koreanic
trans_list: coréanique
sense:
A language family spoken primarily in the Korean Peninsula, consisting of Korean proper and Jeju together with extinct ancient relatives.


lexentry: eng/Koschei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koschei
trans_list: Kochtcheï
sense:
(Slavic mythology) An archetypal male antagonist, described mainly as abducting the hero's wife, and sometimes represented as a skeleton.


lexentry: eng/Kraken__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kraken
trans_list: kraken
sense:
(Norse mythology) A colossal sea monster that attacks ships and sailors, often portrayed as a giant octopus or squid.


lexentry: eng/Krebs_cycle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Krebs cycle
trans_list: cycle de Krebs
sense:
(biochemistry) A series of enzymatic reactions that occurs in all aerobic organisms; it involves the oxidative metabolism of acetyl units, and serves as the main source of cellular energy.


lexentry: eng/Kremlin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kremlin
trans_list: Kremlin
sense:
The Moscow Kremlin; a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia that serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.


lexentry: eng/Krishna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Krishna
trans_list: Krishna
sense:
(Hinduism) A deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism. Krishna is often depicted as a young cowherd boy with a dark or blue complexion playing a flute (as in the Bhagavata Purana) or a youthful prince giving philosophical direction and guidance (as in the Bhagavad Gita). He is the divine speaker of the Bhagavad Gita and the eighth avatar of Vishnu.


lexentry: eng/Kronstadt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kronstadt
trans_list: Cronstadt
sense:
A municipal town near Saint Petersburg, Russia. Located on Kotlin Island (also known as Retusaari or Reitskär).


lexentry: eng/Kuban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kuban
trans_list: Kouban
sense:
(by extension) a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga delta and the Caucasus.


lexentry: eng/Kufic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kufic
trans_list: coufique | kufi
sense:
Original form of Arabic script, consisting of a modified form of Old South Arabian and old Nabataean scripts.


lexentry: eng/Kuhnian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuhnian
trans_list: kuhnien
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn, especially the theories in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.


lexentry: eng/Kuiper_belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuiper belt
trans_list: ceinture de Kuiper
sense:
(astronomy) A region of space between 30 and 50 astronomical units from the Sun, roughly confined within a thick band around the ecliptic of the Solar System. This area is populated by many thousands of trans-Neptunian objects.


lexentry: eng/Kuiper_belt_object__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuiper belt object
trans_list: objet de la ceinture de Kuiper
sense:
(astronomy) A trans-Neptunian object (TNO) (a type of minor planet) that has an orbit in the Kuiper belt (between 30-50 AU) with inclinations consistent with the ecliptic.


lexentry: eng/Kuomintang__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuomintang
trans_list: Kuomintang
sense:
A nationalist political party founded under Sun Yat-sen in 1912 that ruled mainland China from 1928 to 1949, now one of three major parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan).


lexentry: eng/Kurd__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurd
trans_list: Kurde
sense:
A member of the linguistically and culturally distinct people who speak Kurdish and mainly inhabit those parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria sometimes known as Kurdistan.


lexentry: eng/Kurdish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurdish
trans_list: kurde
sense:
Family of Indo-Iranian languages of Kurdistan (in the Mesopotamia region, from the Zagros of mid-western Iran to the eastern extension of the chain of the Taurus Mountains).


lexentry: eng/Kurdistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurdistan
trans_list: Kurdistan
sense:
An autonomous region of northern and northeastern Iraq lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region.


lexentry: eng/Kurgan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kurgan
trans_list: Kourgan
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Originally called Tsaryovo Gorodishche (Russian Царёво Городи́ще n (Carjóvo Gorodíšče)) (1662-1782).


lexentry: eng/Kurmanji__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurmanji
trans_list: kurmandji
sense:
The Kurdish language with the largest number of speakers, spoken in Turkey, Syria, northernmost Iraq, and parts of Iran and Central Asia.


lexentry: eng/Kursk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kursk
trans_list: Koursk
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; scene of a major World War II battle between Soviet and German forces in 1943.


lexentry: eng/L'Hôpital's_rule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: L'Hôpital's rule
trans_list: règle de L'Hôpital
sense:
(mathematics) The rule that the limit of the ratio of two functions equals the limit of the ratio of their derivatives, usable when the former limit is indeterminate and the latter limit exists.


lexentry: eng/LaVeyan_Satanism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: LaVeyan Satanism
trans_list: satanisme LaVeyen
sense:
The atheistic religion of the Church of Satan, which is characterized by materialism and rejects all things supernatural, such as body and soul dualism and the concept of life after death.


lexentry: eng/La_Niña__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Niña
trans_list: La Niña
sense:
(sometimes, attributive) A sustained negative sea-surface temperature anomaly of more than 0.5°C across the equatorial zone of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean; the negative phase of the multi-year ENSO cycle, which causes variations in local and regional weather patterns.


lexentry: eng/La_Pérouse_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Pérouse Strait
trans_list: détroit de La Pérouse
sense:
A strait dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin in the north from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, and connecting the Sea of Japan on the west with the Sea of Okhotsk on the east.


lexentry: eng/La_Trobe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: La Trobe
trans_list: La Trobe
sense:
A university in Melbourne, Victoria named after Charles La Trobe, the first lieutenant-governor of Victoria, Australia.


lexentry: eng/Labour_Party__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Labour Party
trans_list: parti travailliste
sense:
Any of various political parties that aim to advance the interests of the working class, often characterized by left-of-centre politics and support for organized labour.


lexentry: eng/Lacerta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lacerta
trans_list: Lézard
sense:
(constellation) An inconspicuous autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lizard. It lies between the constellations of Cygnus and Andromeda.


lexentry: eng/Ladin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladin
trans_list: ladin
sense:
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Ladino__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladino
trans_list: ladino
sense:
A Romance language mainly spoken by Sephardic Jews (Wikipedia), derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew.


lexentry: eng/Ladoga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladoga
trans_list: lac Ladoga
sense:
A freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, not far from Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Lady__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lady
trans_list: Dame | Madame
sense:
An aristocratic title for a woman; the wife of a lord and/or a woman who holds the position in her own right; a title for a peeress, the wife of a peer or knight, and the daughters and daughters-in-law of certain peers.


lexentry: eng/Lagrange_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lagrange point
trans_list: point de Lagrange
sense:
(astrophysics, orbital mechanics) A point in an orbital configuration of a two-body system where a small object affected only by gravity can theoretically be stationary relative to the two larger objects.


lexentry: eng/Lagrangian_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lagrangian function
trans_list: lagrangien
sense:
(mathematics) A function of the generalized coordinates and velocities of a dynamic system from which Lagrange's equations may be derived.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Constance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Constance
trans_list: Lac de Constance | lac de Constance
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It consists of two parts, the Obersee in the east and northwest (Überlinger See) and the much smaller Untersee in the west.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Geneva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Lake Geneva
trans_list: lac Léman | lac de Genève | Lac Léman
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated on Geneva Lake and previously named Geneva; see also Geneva, Wisconsin, a town nearby.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Michigan-Huron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Michigan-Huron
trans_list: Lac Michigan-Huron
sense:
One of the Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically a single lake, its two basins are traditionally counted as separate lakes, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Michigan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Michigan
trans_list: Michigan
sense:
One of the Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Superior__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Superior
trans_list: lac Supérieur | Lac Supérieur
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the largest of the Great Lakes and second largest lake in the world by area. It is located higher than Lake Huron, hence the name.


lexentry: eng/Lamarckism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lamarckism
trans_list: lamarckisme
sense:
(evolutionary theory, historical) The theory that structural variations, characteristic of species and genera, are produced in animals and plants by the direct influence of physical environments, and especially, in the case of animals, by effort, or by use or disuse of certain organs.


lexentry: eng/Lamb_shift__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lamb shift
trans_list: décalage de Lamb | déplacement de Lamb
sense:
(quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics) A small difference between the energy levels 2S½ and 2P½ of the hydrogen atom, not predicted by the Dirac equation, whose detection in the Lamb–Retherford experiment of 1947 foreshadowed the development of quantum electrodynamics (in which the discrepancy is explained to be an effect of the emission and re-absorption of virtual photons); such a difference between otherwise expectedly equal energy levels of hydrogen or any other type of atom.


lexentry: eng/Lampedusa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lampedusa
trans_list: Lampidusa | Lampédouse
sense:
The largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands, located in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and Tunisia.


lexentry: eng/Landeshauptmann__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Landeshauptmann
trans_list: gouverneur provincial
sense:
The gubernatorial title of the head of government of an Austrian state and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino, corresponding to the title of minister-president or premier.


lexentry: eng/Landtag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Landtag
trans_list: parlement du land
sense:
A representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries, with some legislative authority.


lexentry: eng/Languedoc__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Languedoc
trans_list: Languedoc
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the south of the country; since 2016, part of the region of Occitanie.


lexentry: eng/Lantern_Festival__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lantern Festival
trans_list: fête des lanternes
sense:
A festival marking the end of the Chinese New Year period, celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the Chinese calendar when the first full moon of the year is seen (in February or early March).


lexentry: eng/Laocoön__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laocoön
trans_list: Laocoon
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Trojan priest of Poseidon (or Apollo, depending on the author), whose rules he had defied (or whom he had otherwise offended), who tried to warn his fellow citizens against the Trojan horse. He was killed for this, along with his two sons, by giant snakes sent by Minerva (or Poseidon, or Apollo).


lexentry: eng/Laodicea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laodicea
trans_list: Laodicée
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError near modern Denizli, Turkey, chiefly known for its role in early Christianity.


lexentry: eng/Laotian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laotian
trans_list: laotien | lao
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Laotian people or the Laotian language.


lexentry: eng/Laozi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laozi
trans_list: Lao Tseu | Laozi
sense:
(Chinese history) An honorific title for the legendary Taoist philosopher Li Er, who supposedly lived in the 6th and 5th centuries BC and (Chinese mythology) has subsequently been worshipped as a Taoist god.


lexentry: eng/Laplace_operator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laplace operator
trans_list: opérateur laplacien
sense:
(mathematics, physics) A differential operator,denoted ∆ and defined on \mathbb{R}^n as \Delta = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i^2}, used in the modeling of wave propagation, heat flow and many other applications.


lexentry: eng/Laplace_transform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laplace transform
trans_list: transformée de Laplace
sense:
(mathematics) an integral transform of positive real function f(t) to a complex function F(s); given by:


lexentry: eng/Lapland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lapland
trans_list: Laponie
sense:
The northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola Peninsula in Russia, traditionally inhabited by the Sami people.


lexentry: eng/Laptev_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laptev Sea
trans_list: mer des Laptev
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located between the eastern coast of Siberia, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands. The Kara Sea lies to the west, the East Siberian Sea to the east.


lexentry: eng/Larissa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Larissa
trans_list: Lárissa
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, close to ancient Greek city of Smyrna and to contemporary Turkish city of Menemen


lexentry: eng/Larry__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Larry
trans_list: Laurent
sense:
A diminutive of the en given name Laurence or Lawrence, popular as a male given name in the U.S. in the 1940s and the 1950s.


lexentry: eng/Lasha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lasha
trans_list: Lescha
sense:
Biblical location, appearing only once in the Bible, in the Book of Genesis (10:19) describing one of the limits of the area covered by the Canaanites, believed to be on the east bank of the Dead Sea, later named Callirrhoe (location of hot springs mentioned by Josephus and other authors in the first centuries AD).


lexentry: eng/Late_Antiquity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Late Antiquity
trans_list: Antiquité tardive
sense:
(history) The period of Mediterranean and Eurasian history from around the 3rd to the 7th centuries C.E., marked especially by the transition from the Roman and Persian Empires to the Middle Ages and the Islamic and Byzantine civilizations.


lexentry: eng/Latin_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin America
trans_list: Amérique latine
sense:
Those parts of the Americas which speak Spanish, Portuguese, French or Creoles based on them, which are Latin-derived languages: South America, Central America, Mexico, and most islands of the Caribbean.


lexentry: eng/Latin_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin Church
trans_list: Église latine
sense:
(Catholicism) One of the 24 particular churches (sui juris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church which uses the Latin liturgical rites.


lexentry: eng/Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin
trans_list: latin
sense:
(uncountable) The language of the ancient Romans, other Latins and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin.


lexentry: eng/Latin_alphabet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin alphabet
trans_list: alphabet latin
sense:
The 26-letter alphabet consisting of the following letters (presented in majuscule and minuscule pairs):


lexentry: eng/Latin_square__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin square
trans_list: carré latin
sense:
(mathematics) An n-by-n arrangement of n different integers such that each row, each column and each of the two diagonals contains each of the integers once and once only.


lexentry: eng/Latinity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latinity
trans_list: latinité
sense:
(uncountable, countable) The quality of a particular person's Latin speech or writing; the Latin language, as an area of study or interest.


lexentry: eng/Latinize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latinize
trans_list: latiniser
sense:
(transitive) To translate something into the Latin language; or make a word similar in appearance or form to a Latin word.


lexentry: eng/Latino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latino
trans_list: latina | latino
sense:
(chiefly, _, US) A person, especially and usually (interpreted as) a male, from Latin America, a Hispanic person. (Compare Latina.)


lexentry: eng/Laurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laurasia
trans_list: Laurasia | Laurasie
sense:
(geology) A supercontinent which included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Northern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/Laurel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laurel
trans_list: laurier
sense:
(Mormonism) Formerly a 16- to 17-year-old participant in the Young Women organization of the LDS Church.


lexentry: eng/Laval__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laval
trans_list: Laval
sense:
(informal) Synonym of Île Jésus, TemplateParserError:LuaError, where the city of Laval is located; ellipsis of Island of Laval.


lexentry: eng/Lazarus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lazarus
trans_list: Lazare
sense:
(biblical) Lazarus of Bethany, a man supposedly raised from the dead by Jesus Christ and later (Christianity) revered as a saint.


lexentry: eng/Lazarus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lazarus
trans_list: Lazare
sense:
(biblical) A beggar in a parable by Jesus Christ, traditionally (Christianity) believed to have been a leper and often conflated with Lazarus of Bethany.


lexentry: eng/LePenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: LePenism
trans_list: lepenisme
sense:
The support or ideals of Jean-Marie Le Pen (French politician and leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011) and/or Marine Le Pen (his daughter, also a French politician and leader of the National Front since 2011).


lexentry: eng/Le_Chatelier's_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Le Chatelier's principle
trans_list: principe de Le Chatelier
sense:
(chemistry) A principle stating that, if a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, or total pressure, the equilibrium will shift in order to minimize that change.


lexentry: eng/League_of_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: League of Nations
trans_list: Société des Nations
sense:
An international organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War. Its goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global quality of life. The predecessor of the United Nations.


lexentry: eng/Leander__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leander
trans_list: Leándre
sense:
(Greek mythology) The lover of Hero who swam every night across the Hellespont to meet her, and finally was drowned.


lexentry: eng/Leaving_Certificate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leaving Certificate
trans_list: baccalauréat
sense:
(Ireland) The certificate awarded to Irish students who pass the state examinations at the end of secondary school.


lexentry: eng/Leeward_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leeward Islands
trans_list: îles Sous-le-Vent | îles du Vent
sense:
The northern of the Lesser Antilles, consisting of the islands or nations of the Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Saint Martin, Saint-Barthélemy, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Barbuda, Antigua, Montserrat and Guadeloupe.


lexentry: eng/Lego__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lego
trans_list: Lego
sense:
Any of several small, coloured, plastic bricks, often made by the Lego Company, that can be made to join together and be taken apart, used to construct toy buildings, vehicles, etc.


lexentry: eng/Lemuria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lemuria
trans_list: Lémuries
sense:
(historical) A religious feast of Ancient Rome during which rites were performed to exorcise the malevolent ghosts of the dead from their homes.


lexentry: eng/Leningrad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leningrad
trans_list: Léningrad
sense:
(historical) Saint Petersburg, TemplateParserError:LuaError, from the time of Lenin's death in 1924 until 1991.


lexentry: eng/Leninism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leninism
trans_list: léninisme
sense:
A political ideology developed by Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party, as the political prelude to the establishment of communism.


lexentry: eng/Lent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lent
trans_list: carême
sense:
(Christianity) A period of the ecclesiastical year preceding Easter, traditionally involving temporary abstention from certain foods and pleasures.


lexentry: eng/Leo_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leo Minor
trans_list: Petit Lion
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a small lion. It lies north of the constellation Leo and south of Ursa Major.


lexentry: eng/Leo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Leo
trans_list: Lion
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, shaped approximately like a lion and containing the stars Regulus and Denebola.


lexentry: eng/Leo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Leo
trans_list: Lion
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the Lion, ruled by the Sun and covering July 23 - August 22 (tropical astrology) or August 16 - September 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Lepontic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lepontic
trans_list: lépontique
sense:
An extinct language attested in Europe until ~100BC, usually considered to be a member of the Celtic family.


lexentry: eng/Lepus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lepus
trans_list: Lièvre
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a rabbit. It lies south of the constellation Orion.


lexentry: eng/Lesbian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lesbian
trans_list: Lesbien | Lesbienne
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The variety of Aeolic Greek spoken on Lesbos from about 800 to 300 b.c., best known from the writings of Sappho and Alcaeus of Mytilene.


lexentry: eng/Lessepsian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lessepsian
trans_list: lessepsien | lessepsienne
sense:
(marine biology) Of or relating to organisms that migrate from the Red Sea to the eastern Mediterranean Sea by means of the Suez Canal.


lexentry: eng/Lesser_Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lesser Caucasus
trans_list: Petit Caucase
sense:
the second of the two main mountain ranges of Caucasus mountains, which runs parallel to the Greater Caucasus and limits the Armenian Highland from the North and North-East.


lexentry: eng/Lethean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lethean
trans_list: léthéen
sense:
(chiefly, poetic, Greek mythology) Of or relating to the river Lethe, one of the four rivers of Hades. Those who drank from it experienced complete forgetfulness.


lexentry: eng/Levant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Levant
trans_list: Levant
sense:
The countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, namely Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus (and sometimes, especially in a historical context, also including Turkey and Egypt, then part of the Ottoman Empire).


lexentry: eng/Leyden_jar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leyden jar
trans_list: bouteille de Leyde
sense:
(electrical engineering, historical) A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate static electricity between two electrodes.


lexentry: eng/Libra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Libra
trans_list: Balance
sense:
(astrology) The astrological sign for the scales, ruled by Venus and covering September 24 - October 23 (tropical astrology) or October 16 - November 16 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Limburgish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Limburgish
trans_list: limbourgeois
sense:
A Germanic language or dialect continuum spoken near the common border between the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Limos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Limos
trans_list: Limos
sense:
(Greek god) A daughter of Eris, Limos is the goddess/personification of famine and starvation. Her Roman counterpart is Fames.


lexentry: eng/Linear_A__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linear A
trans_list: linéaire A
sense:
(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write the as-yet-undeciphered Minoan language, and an apparent predecessor to other scripts, such as Linear B.


lexentry: eng/Linear_B__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linear B
trans_list: linéaire B
sense:
(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write Mycenaean Greek in the second millennium BC, before the invention of the Greek alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Lingala__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lingala
trans_list: lingala
sense:
A Bantu language spoken throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) and a large part of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), as well as to some degree in Angola and the Central African Republic.


lexentry: eng/Lingua_Franca_Nova__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lingua Franca Nova
trans_list: lingua franca nova
sense:
A constructed language created by C. George Boeree based on French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan using either Latin or Cyrillic alphabets with grammar based on that of Romance Creoles.


lexentry: eng/Linnaeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linnaeus
trans_list: Linné
sense:
Carl (or the latinized Carolus) Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linné, Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy."


lexentry: eng/Lion_of_Judah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lion of Judah
trans_list: Lion de Juda
sense:
(Judaism) a Jewish national and cultural symbol, traditionally regarded as a symbol of the tribe of Judah


lexentry: eng/Lipari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lipari
trans_list: Lipari
sense:
The largest of the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the northern coast of Sicily, southern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Lithuanian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lithuanian SSR
trans_list: RSS lituanien
sense:
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for the Republic of Lithuania while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1940–1991, name changed in 1990).


lexentry: eng/Little_Red_Riding_Hood__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Little Red Riding Hood
trans_list: Petit Chaperon rouge
sense:
A fairy tale about a young girl who walks through the forest to visit her grandmother and encounters the Big Bad Wolf (or another vicious wolf, or werewolf in archaic versions).


lexentry: eng/Little_Russian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Little Russian
trans_list: Petit-Russien | Petite-Russienne
sense:
(historical, chiefly in a Russian Empire context) A native or inhabitant of Little Russia (i.e. Ukraine).


lexentry: eng/Liturgy_of_the_Hours__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Liturgy of the Hours
trans_list: heures canoniales
sense:
(Catholicism) A liturgy for daily use at each of the canonical hours obligatory to all Catholic bishops, priests, and transitional deacons and composed of psalms, hymns, and readings but lacking the eucharist.


lexentry: eng/Liverpool__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Liverpool
trans_list: Liverpool
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world.


lexentry: eng/Livonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Livonia
trans_list: Livonie
sense:
(historic) A historical region in the Baltic, south of the Gulf of Finland, now divided and constituting southern Estonia and northern Latvia.


lexentry: eng/Local_Group__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Local Group
trans_list: Groupe local
sense:
(astronomy) The small cluster of galaxies that contains the Milky Way Galaxy; includes Andromeda, Triangulum, the Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud and others.


lexentry: eng/Loch_Ness__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loch Ness
trans_list: Loch Ness
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the second largest in Britain, and with a maximum depth of 226 metres. It is the alleged home of the Loch Ness monster, Nessie.


lexentry: eng/Loch_Ness_monster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loch Ness monster
trans_list: monstre du Loch Ness
sense:
(cryptozoology) A large creature believed by some to inhabit Loch Ness in Scotland. It is said to have a long neck and one or more humps that protrude from the water.


lexentry: eng/Lojban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lojban
trans_list: lojban
sense:
An artificial language created by Logical Language Group designed to be logical, based on the earlier Loglan.


lexentry: eng/Loki__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loki
trans_list: Loki
sense:
(Norse mythology) The god of mischief and trickery; growing progressively evil, he kills Balder, and is bound until Ragnarok, the end of the world.


lexentry: eng/Lombard_rate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lombard rate
trans_list: taux lombard
sense:
(finance) An interest rate charged by a central bank for very short-term loans to other banks against an approved collateral.


lexentry: eng/London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: London
trans_list: londonien | London | de Londres
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, created in 1889 from parts of Kent, Middlesex and Surrey, and merged into Greater London in 1965.


lexentry: eng/Lord's_Prayer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lord's Prayer
trans_list: Notre Père
sense:
The prayer which, according to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus Christ taught his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount.


lexentry: eng/Lord__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Lord
trans_list: lord
sense:
An additional title added to denote the dignity of certain high officials, such as the "Lord Mayors" of major cities in the British Commonwealth


lexentry: eng/Lorentz-Fitzgerald_contraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction
trans_list: contraction des longueurs
sense:
The decrease in length of a moving object in the direction of motion, measurable only at relativistic speeds.


lexentry: eng/Lorentz_transformation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lorentz transformation
trans_list: transformation de Lorentz
sense:
(mathematics, relativity) A transformation relating the spacetime coordinates of one frame of reference to another in special relativity.


lexentry: eng/Lorrainian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lorrainian
trans_list: lorrain roman
sense:
The Rhine Franconian (and hence West Central German, Central German, High German) dialect spoken in Lorraine; Lorraine Franconian.


lexentry: eng/Louisiana_Creole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Louisiana Creole
trans_list: courez-venez | créole louisianais | français cassé | gombo
sense:
A French-based creole with elements of Spanish, Native American and West African languages spoken by the Louisiana Creole people.


lexentry: eng/Low_German__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Low German
trans_list: bas allemand | bas saxon
sense:
(linguistics) Any of a number of West Germanic languages, primarily spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, that did not undergo the High German consonant shift; the group thereof.


lexentry: eng/Low_Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Low Germany
trans_list: Allemagne du Nord
sense:
(dated) Northern Germany, the low-lying land of the German people in Central Europe around the North and Baltic seas.


lexentry: eng/Low_Saxon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Low Saxon
trans_list: bas saxon
sense:
A group of related dialects of Low German, spoken in northern Germany and parts of the Netherlands, formerly also in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Lower_Egypt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lower Egypt
trans_list: Basse-Égypte
sense:
(Egyptology) The half of Ancient Egypt north of Memphis, the Nile Delta, so named because the Nile flows South to North.


lexentry: eng/Lucasian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lucasian
trans_list: lucasien
sense:
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to Henry Lucas (c. 1610–1663), Member of Parliament for Cambridge University and founder of the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics.


lexentry: eng/Lucifer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lucifer
trans_list: Lucifer
sense:
(biblical) The King of Babylon who was compared to the planet Venus in first the Wycliffe version then the King James Version of Isaiah 14:12; it is unclear whether this verse refers to a specific king or to a representation of the entire line of kings of Babylon.


lexentry: eng/Lucina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lucina
trans_list: Lucine
sense:
An epithet of the Roman goddess Juno or (less often) Diana in the role of goddess of childbirth, midwives, and newborns.


lexentry: eng/Lucy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lucy
trans_list: Lucie
sense:
A surname from Old French derived from place names in Normandy based on a male personal name, from Latin Lucius.


lexentry: eng/Luddite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luddite
trans_list: luddite
sense:
(historical) Any of a group of early-19th-century English textile workers who destroyed machinery because it would harm their livelihood.


lexentry: eng/Ludwig's_angina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ludwig's angina
trans_list: angine de Ludwig
sense:
(otorhinolaryngology, pathology) A serious, potentially life-threatening infection of the floor of the mouth, usually occurring in adults with concomitant dental infections, and if left untreated, may obstruct the airways, necessitating tracheotomy.


lexentry: eng/Luhansk_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luhansk People's Republic
trans_list: République populaire de Lougansk
sense:
A partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine on the 27th of April, 2014; one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya.


lexentry: eng/Luke__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Luke
trans_list: Luc | Louké
sense:
Luke the Evangelist, an early Christian credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.


lexentry: eng/Luke__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Luke
trans_list: Luc | Lc | Louké
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Luke, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the third of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/Lupus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lupus
trans_list: Loup
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a wolf. It lies south of the constellation Libra.


lexentry: eng/Lusignan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lusignan
trans_list: Lusignan
sense:
member of a royal house of French origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries during the Middle Ages


lexentry: eng/Lutheran__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheran
trans_list: luthérien
sense:
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546) or his followers, or the Lutheran church.


lexentry: eng/Lutheran__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheran
trans_list: luthérien | luthérienne
sense:
(Christianity) A member of any of the Christian churches which identify with the theology of Martin Luther.


lexentry: eng/Lutheranism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheranism
trans_list: luthéranisme | luthérianisme
sense:
The Christian denomination based on the beliefs and doctrines developed by Martin Luther and his immediate followers.


lexentry: eng/Luwian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luwian
trans_list: louvite
sense:
an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken in the 2nd millennium BC and recorded in both hieroglyphic and cuneiform scripts.


lexentry: eng/Luxembourgish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luxembourgish
trans_list: luxembourgeois
sense:
A Germanic language spoken in Luxembourg and, traditionally, around the city of Arlon (Belgium); originally included in the Moselle Franconian group of High German dialects, but now usually regarded as a separate language due to its standardisation and official use in the state of Luxembourg.


lexentry: eng/Lycia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lycia
trans_list: Lycie
sense:
(historical) An ancient region and Roman province in the southwest of Asia Minor, between Caria and Pamphylia.


lexentry: eng/Lydian_mode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lydian mode
trans_list: lydien | mode lydien
sense:
(music) a mode whose scale is the same as a major key with the fourth scale degree raised by one half step, with the interval pattern:


lexentry: eng/Lyme_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyme disease
trans_list: borréliose | maladie de Lyme
sense:
(disease) Infection by one of three or more subspecies of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by four species of tick in genus Ixodes. Symptoms include a rash followed by fever, joint pain, and headaches.


lexentry: eng/Lynx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lynx
trans_list: Lynx
sense:
(constellation) A faint spring constellation of the northern sky. It lies north of the constellation Cancer.


lexentry: eng/Lyra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyra
trans_list: Lyre
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lyre. It includes the bright star Vega and the Ring Nebula.


lexentry: eng/Lys__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lys
trans_list: Lys
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError at Gent. This is the French spelling: the Dutch and German spelling is Leie.


lexentry: eng/Lübeck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lübeck
trans_list: Lübeck
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, northeast of Hamburg; a major Baltic port and industrial center, the present city dates from 1143 and was the leading town of the Hanseatic League after its designation as a free city in 1226; it retained that status until 1937.


lexentry: eng/Lüneburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lüneburg
trans_list: Lunebourg
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formerly a prominent member of the Hanse, known for its salt production.


lexentry: eng/M!slash!S__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: M/S
trans_list: N/M
sense:
(nautical) Initialism of motor ship. – a ship propelled by an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, in contrast to sailing ships and steamships


lexentry: eng/M-theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: M-theory
trans_list: théorie M
sense:
(physics) A generalized theory of eleven-dimensional supergravity that attempts to unify the five superstring theories


lexentry: eng/MAC_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MAC address
trans_list: adresse MAC
sense:
(computing, networking) Media Access Control address; a unique identifying number assigned to most network devices.


lexentry: eng/MOOC__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MOOC
trans_list: CLOM
sense:
A massive open online course designed for a very large enrollment, offered on the World Wide Web by an educational institution and typically free of charge.


lexentry: eng/MP3_player__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MP3 player
trans_list: lecteur MP3
sense:
An electronic device for playing digital audio files in the MP3 format (and, in many cases, also files in some other formats and/or including a radio function).


lexentry: eng/MPV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MPV
trans_list: monospace
sense:
Initialism of multipurpose vehicle: a minivan, station wagon/estate car, large car, or, small/minibus, designed to be used on- and off-road and easily convertible to facilitate either carrying people or loading goods.


lexentry: eng/MRSA__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MRSA
trans_list: SARM
sense:
(microbiology, medicine) Initialism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; a bacterium responsible for serious infections.


lexentry: eng/MTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: MTC
trans_list: STM
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Transit Corporation — the public transit corporation for the megacity and Island of Montreal; it replaced the MUCTC in 2002.


lexentry: eng/MTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: MTC
trans_list: CTM
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Transit Commission — the public transit commission for the island and City of Montreal; it was replaced by the MUCTC in 1970, it replaced the Montreal Tramways Co. in 1950 when the latter was nationalized.


lexentry: eng/MTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: MTC
trans_list: CTM | MTC
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Tramways Company (Montreal Tramways Co.) — the public transit company of the island of Montreal; the company was nationalized in 1950 and replaced by the Montreal Transit Commission, it was formed in 1911 by the merger of several previous companies.


lexentry: eng/MUCTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MUCTC
trans_list: STCUM
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation — the public transit corporation for the Montreal Urban Community; it was replaced by the MTC in 2002, it replaced the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission in 1985.


lexentry: eng/MUCTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: MUCTC
trans_list: CTCUM | STCUM
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission — the public transit commission for the Montreal Urban Community; it was replaced by the Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation in 1985, it replaced the MTC in 1970.


lexentry: eng/MUC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MUC
trans_list: CUM
sense:
(government, acronym) the Montreal Urban Community — the supramunicipal level of government for the island of Montreal and several surrounding islands. It was formed in 1970, and in 2002 it was replaced by the MMC, it area was subsumed into the megacity of Montreal. It was reformed in 2006 as the Montreal Agglomeration Council (Conseil d'agglomération de Montréal).


lexentry: eng/Maastrichtian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Maastrichtian
trans_list: Maastrichtien
sense:
(geology) in the ICS geologic timescale, the last stage or age of the Cretaceous period, and of the Mesozoic era, preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian period.


lexentry: eng/Macanese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macanese
trans_list: macanais | macanéen
sense:
A member of an ethnic group from Macau of mixed European (usually Portuguese) and Asian (usually Chinese) origin.


lexentry: eng/Macaronesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macaronesia
trans_list: Macaronésie
sense:
A group of islands in the North Atlantic: the Azores, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira and the Savage Islands.


lexentry: eng/Macau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macau
trans_list: Macao
sense:
A Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China just west of Hong Kong, previously under Portuguese control.


lexentry: eng/Maccabee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maccabee
trans_list: Maccabée
sense:
(biblical) A member of the Maccabees (a liberation movement in Israel who established Jewish independence in the Land of Israel in the second and first centuries BC).


lexentry: eng/Maccabees__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maccabees
trans_list: Maccabées
sense:
(biblical) One of two books of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macedonia
trans_list: Macédoine
sense:
An ancient Greek kingdom, located to the north of Thessaly, comprising the Greek city of Thessaloniki and its surroundings.


lexentry: eng/Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Macedonia
trans_list: Macédoine | République de Macédoine
sense:
A geographical region which includes the Republic of North Macedonia, the Greek region of Macedonia, the Pirin region of Bulgaria, and small parts of Albania and Serbia.


lexentry: eng/Machiavelli__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machiavelli
trans_list: Machiavel
sense:
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527), Italian statesman and writer, whose work The Prince (1532) advises that acquiring and exercising power may require unethical methods.


lexentry: eng/Machiavellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machiavellian
trans_list: machiavélique
sense:
Attempting to achieve goals by cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous methods, especially in politics or in advancing one's career.


lexentry: eng/Machiavellianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machiavellianism
trans_list: machiavélisme
sense:
(philosophy, politics) A political philosophy, based on the writings of Machiavelli, especially The Prince, that advocates the use of ruthlessness and duplicity in political dealings.


lexentry: eng/Machmeter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machmeter
trans_list: machmètre
sense:
(aviation) An instrument that measures the speed of an aircraft relative to that of sound and displays it in Mach numbers.


lexentry: eng/Madonna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Madonna
trans_list: Madone
sense:
(Christianity, sometimes with definite article) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Catholic contexts.


lexentry: eng/Mafia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mafia
trans_list: mafia
sense:
Any other specific organized crime syndicate operating internationally in high-level organized crime; often with a modifying adjective, such as a nationality.


lexentry: eng/Mafia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mafia
trans_list: maffia
sense:
The international criminal organization of Sicilian origin operating in Italy and the United States.


lexentry: eng/Maghreb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maghreb
trans_list: Maghreb
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Northwest Africa, the region of Africa north of the Sahara and west of the Nile. The lands of the Maghreb are generally considered to be the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya.


lexentry: eng/Magi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magi
trans_list: Rois mages
sense:
(Christianity) Chiefly preceded by the (three): the wise men who visited and gave gifts to the baby Jesus at the Epiphany (traditionally considered to be three in number and sometimes named Balthazar, Caspar, and Melchior, but the Bible does not state how many there were or their names).


lexentry: eng/Magna_Carta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magna Carta
trans_list: Magna Carta
sense:
(historical) A charter granted by King John to the barons at Runnymede in 1215, which is one of the bases of English constitutional tradition; a physical copy of this charter, or a later version.


lexentry: eng/Mahdi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mahdi
trans_list: mahdi
sense:
(Twelver Shiite, _, Islam) Muhammad b. Hasan al-Mahdi, the last of the Twelve Imams, born in 868 AD but believed alive and present in this world in a state of occultation; officially the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran; similarly to Sunni belief he will reappear before the end of time.


lexentry: eng/Maillard_reaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maillard reaction
trans_list: réaction de Maillard
sense:
(organic chemistry) The condensation reaction of an amino acid and a reducing sugar, followed by polymerization to form brown pigments - melanoidins; one of the causes of browning during cooking. [from 1910s]


lexentry: eng/Main_Street__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Main Street
trans_list: rue principale
sense:
The generic street name (and often the official name) of the primary retail street of a village, town, or small city in the United States, Canada, Ireland, some parts of Scotland and also in some countries in central Europe.


lexentry: eng/Malabar_Coast__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malabar Coast
trans_list: Côte de Malabar
sense:
(historical) The western coast of the Indian subcontinent, more appropriately towards the southern part of it. A region in the southwest of India. Principally the present state of Kerala.


lexentry: eng/Malagasy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Malagasy
trans_list: malgache
sense:
(uncountable) The languages of Madagascar or of the Malagasy people, when considered to be one language.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: malais
sense:
Of or relating to the Malays, a people living in Brunei, on the eastern coast of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung, the Riau archipelago and the coastal areas of Kalimantan in Indonesia, in most of Malaysia (states where they are politically dominant), in Singapore and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: Malais | Malaise
sense:
(countable) A person of Malay ancestry, referring to a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: malais
sense:
(broad sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, including under the name Indonesian.


lexentry: eng/Malayan_night_heron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malayan night heron
trans_list: bihoreau malais
sense:
A medium-sized heron, Gorsachius melanolophus, distributed in southern and eastern Asia, and breeding in India, Taiwan, China, and the Philippines.


lexentry: eng/Manchukuo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manchukuo
trans_list: Mandchoukouo
sense:
(historical) A puppet state of Imperial Japan, existing from 1932 to 1945, conceived as a Manchu nation-state under the restored Qing dynasty.


lexentry: eng/Manchuria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Manchuria
trans_list: Mandchourie
sense:
(historical) The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.


lexentry: eng/Mandaeism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandaeism
trans_list: mandéisme
sense:
A monotheistic religion of the Iraq region with a strongly dualistic and gnostic worldview, whose adherents (the Mandaeans) revere Adam and other Biblical figures, especially John the Baptist.


lexentry: eng/Mandarin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandarin
trans_list: mandarin
sense:
Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu.


lexentry: eng/Mandelbrot_set__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandelbrot set
trans_list: ensemble de Mandelbrot
sense:
(mathematics) the set of complex numbers c for which the orbit of 0 under iteration of the complex quadratic polynomial zn+1 = zn2 + c remains bounded. The boundary of this set is a fractal.


lexentry: eng/Manhattan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Manhattan
trans_list: Manhattan
sense:
Ellipsis of Borough of Manhattan.; TemplateParserError:LuaError, mainly on Manhattan Island, coterminous with New York County.


lexentry: eng/Manichaeism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manichaeism
trans_list: manichéisme
sense:
(religion) A syncretic, dualistic religion that combines elements of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Gnostic thought, founded by the Iranian prophet Mani in 3rd century AD.


lexentry: eng/Mantineia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mantineia
trans_list: Mantinée
sense:
(historical) A city in ancient Arcadia, Greece that was the site of two significant battles in Classical Greek history.


lexentry: eng/Mantoux_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mantoux test
trans_list: test Mantoux
sense:
(immunology) A skin test for tuberculosis, involving an injection of PPD (purified protein derivative).


lexentry: eng/Manx__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Manx
trans_list: manx
sense:
A breed of domestic cat native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and rounded, cobby body.


lexentry: eng/Manx_cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manx cat
trans_list: chat Manx
sense:
A domestic cat of a breed that is native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and a medium-sized, rounded, cobby body.


lexentry: eng/Manzonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manzonian
trans_list: manzonien
sense:
(literature) Of, pertaining to, or in the style of Alessandro Manzoni (1785–1873), Italian poet and novelist.


lexentry: eng/Maoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maoism
trans_list: maoïsme
sense:
The philosophy espoused by Chinese leader Mao Zedong, a form of Marxism-Leninism that focuses on the peasantry as the revolutionary vanguard.


lexentry: eng/March__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: March
trans_list: mars
sense:
The third month of the Gregorian calendar, following February and preceding April. Abbreviation: Mar or Mar.


lexentry: eng/Marcionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marcionism
trans_list: marcionisme
sense:
(Christianity) An early Christian following akin to but distinct from gnosticism which rejected the validity of the Old Testament and essentially denied the Trinity, regarding God the Father as an inferior demiurge, and that Jesus had nothing to do with the First Person of the Trinity.


lexentry: eng/Mariana_Trench__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mariana Trench
trans_list: Fosse des Mariannes
sense:
(oceanography) A submarine trench in the North Pacific Ocean, noted for having the deepest known point on Earth.


lexentry: eng/Marinid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marinid
trans_list: Mérinide
sense:
(historical) A member of a dynasty of Zenata Berber descent that ruled Morocco from the 13th to the 15th century.


lexentry: eng/Mariolatry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mariolatry
trans_list: mariolâtrie
sense:
(Protestantism, derogatory) Adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Mark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Mark
trans_list: Marc
sense:
Mark the Evangelist, also called John Mark, the first patriarch of Alexandria, credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Mark.


lexentry: eng/Mark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Mark
trans_list: Marc
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Mark, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the second of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/Marne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marne
trans_list: Marne
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, a right tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris.


lexentry: eng/Marotiri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marotiri
trans_list: Îlots de Bass
sense:
A group of uninhabited volcanic rocks with a total surface of 4 ha in the Bass Islands at the southeastern end of the Austral Islands of French Polynesia.


lexentry: eng/Marrano__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marrano
trans_list: marrane
sense:
(historical) Any of the Sephardi Jews who stayed in Iberia during the Spanish Inquisition, and continued to practice Judaism in secret.


lexentry: eng/Martial__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Martial
trans_list: Martial
sense:
A en given name, narrowly applied to certain historic persons (but some of its foreign cognates are modern given names).


lexentry: eng/Marxian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxian
trans_list: marxien | marxiste
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or influenced by the 19th-century philosopher Karl Marx and his political and economic theories; now often distinguished from Marxist by the nuance that one does not necessarily adhere to Marxism itself. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Marxism-Leninism-Maoism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
trans_list: marxisme-léninisme-maoïsme
sense:
(politics, communism) A communist ideological stream which seeks to synthesize Marxism-Leninism and Maoism and which proponents believe is the highest stage of Marxism. It was systematized by the Communist Party of Peru (Shining Path) and developed by the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement and its adherent parties.


lexentry: eng/Marxism-Leninism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxism-Leninism
trans_list: marxisme-léninisme
sense:
(politics, communism) A communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted as the ideological foundation of the Communist International during Stalin's era, and was later adopted by the People's Republic of China, Cuba, Vietnam, and several other nations.


lexentry: eng/Marxism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxism
trans_list: marxisme
sense:
The socialist and communist philosophy and political program founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.


lexentry: eng/Marxism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Marxism
trans_list: marxisme
sense:
The socialist and communist theory of the followers of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; a radical, revolutionary political philosophy that aims to capture state power, introduce a dictatorship of the proletariat, and then progress to communism.


lexentry: eng/Mary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Mary
trans_list: Marie
sense:
(Islam) The 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an, recounting the events leading up to the birth of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mass
trans_list: messe
sense:
(Roman Catholic Church) The principal liturgical service of the Church, encompassing both a scripture service (Liturgy of the Word) and a eucharistic service (Liturgy of the Eucharist), which includes the consecration and oblation (offering) of the host and wine.


lexentry: eng/Massacre_of_the_Innocents__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Massacre of the Innocents
trans_list: massacre des Innocents
sense:
(Christianity) The incident in the nativity narrative of the Gospel of Matthew (2:16–18) in which Herod the Great, king of Judea, orders the execution of all male children two years old and under in the vicinity of Bethlehem.


lexentry: eng/Matthew__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Matthew
trans_list: Matthieu | Mathieu
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Matthew, the first book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the first of the four gospels, a book attributed to Matthew the Evangelist.


lexentry: eng/Mauretania_Caesariensis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauretania Caesariensis
trans_list: Maurétanie Césarienne
sense:
(history) A province of the Roman Empire, established in AD 42, occupying territory in northwestern Africa roughly corresponding to present-day northern Algeria, with its capital at Caesarēa.


lexentry: eng/Mauritian_Creole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauritian Creole
trans_list: créole mauricien
sense:
The creole language spoken in Mauritius, stemming from French, with some vocabulary from diverse sources such as English and Portuguese.


lexentry: eng/Maurrassian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maurrassian
trans_list: maurrassien
sense:
Of or relating to Charles Maurras (1868–1952), French writer, critic, and leader of Action Française, a political movement that was monarchist, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary.


lexentry: eng/Mauser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauser
trans_list: Mauser
sense:
Any of the firearms made or designed by the German company Mauser, notably automatic pistols and bolt action rifles.


lexentry: eng/May_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: May Day
trans_list: Premier mai
sense:
The first day of May, a festival celebrating the beginning of the spring season; originally, and still among neopagans, a fertility celebration.


lexentry: eng/Maya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maya
trans_list: Maya
sense:
a flourishing Mesoamerican civilization that existed in and around Guatemala from the 3rd century to the 9th century.


lexentry: eng/Maya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maya
trans_list: Maya
sense:
a variety of Mesoamerican peoples with farming from around 1000 BC onward, who developed a large civilization from the 3rd century onward


lexentry: eng/Maya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maya
trans_list: Maya
sense:
various Mesoamerican peoples living in the Spanish Empire, and now parts of Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras


lexentry: eng/Maya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maya
trans_list: Maya
sense:
various Mesoamerican peoples that continued in competing civilizations from the 10th century onward until conquered by Spain


lexentry: eng/Mazu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mazu
trans_list: Mazu
sense:
A Chinese sea goddess, the deified form of Lin Moniang, a medieval Fujianese girl who became revered as a sea goddess and, since the Qing dynasty, especially in Taiwan, more generally as the primary goddess of Heaven.


lexentry: eng/McCarthyism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: McCarthyism
trans_list: maccarthysme
sense:
The intense opposition to, and fear and suspicion of, Communism, particularly in the United States during the 1950s.


lexentry: eng/McIntosh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: McIntosh
trans_list: McIntosh
sense:
A cultivar of apple whose fruit has red and green skin, tart flavor and white flesh that ripens in late September.


lexentry: eng/Mecca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mecca
trans_list: La Mecque
sense:
(sometimes, _, proscribed) TemplateParserError:LuaError, the holiest place in Islam, location of the sacred Ka'ba, and to which Muslims are required to make a hajj at least once in their lifetime, if possible.


lexentry: eng/Medici_collar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Medici collar
trans_list: collet monté
sense:
A fan-shaped (especially lace) collar, standing upright behind the head and sloping down to meet a square neckline in front.


lexentry: eng/Medieval_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Medieval Greek
trans_list: grec médiéval
sense:
Collectively, the continuum of forms of the Greek language as written and spoken during medieval times, preceded by Hellenistic Koine Greek and succeeded by Modern Greek


lexentry: eng/Medieval_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Medieval Latin
trans_list: latin médiéval
sense:
The Latin language as spoken and written during the Middle Ages, before it was developed by the Italian humanists into Renaissance Latin.


lexentry: eng/Medina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Medina
trans_list: Médine
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a city, holy to Islam, 200 miles north of Mecca along the Hejaz, from which the Hejira was launched; contains Muhammad's tomb.


lexentry: eng/Megaera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Megaera
trans_list: Mégère
sense:
(Greek god) One of the Furies, Erinyes in Greek mythology, the cause of jealousy and envy, who punishes people who commit crimes, especially marital infidelity.


lexentry: eng/Megam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Megam
trans_list: megam
sense:
A Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Kalmakanda subdistrict, Netrokona district, Dhaka division, Bangladesh.


lexentry: eng/Megleno-Romanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Megleno-Romanian
trans_list: mégléno-roumain
sense:
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in northern Greece, North Macedonia and parts of Romania, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Istro-Romanian.


lexentry: eng/Mekong__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mekong
trans_list: Mékong
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows about 4,183 km (2,600 miles) from Tibet to the South China Sea in Vietnam.


lexentry: eng/Melk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melk
trans_list: Melk
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the federal state of Lower Austria, known as the site of a massive baroque Benedictine monastery.


lexentry: eng/Melkite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melkite
trans_list: melchite | melkite
sense:
(historical) In 5th-century Syria and Egypt, a sobriquet applied to Chalcedonians by their opponents, denoting the Chalcedonians' fidelity to the Byzantine emperor.


lexentry: eng/Melkite__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Melkite
trans_list: melchite | melkite
sense:
(since the Great Schism) A member of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch or the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem; ellipsis of Orthodox Melkite.


lexentry: eng/Member_of_Parliament__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Member of Parliament
trans_list: parlementaire | Député | membre du Parlement
sense:
(UK, Canada, Australia, NZ) A representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a house of a parliament.


lexentry: eng/Memnon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Memnon
trans_list: Memnon
sense:
(Greek mythology) An Ethiopian king and son of Tithonus and Eos. Considered a great warrior, he fought on the side of Troy and was killed by Achilles.


lexentry: eng/Mendelism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mendelism
trans_list: mendélisme
sense:
The whole body of principles of heredity, formulated by G. Mendel, that represent the basis of genetics.


lexentry: eng/Menelaus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Menelaus
trans_list: Ménélas
sense:
(Greek mythology) the king of Mycenaean Sparta, the husband of Helen of Troy, the brother of Agamemnon, the leader of the Spartan contingent of the Greek army during the Trojan War


lexentry: eng/Mennonite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mennonite
trans_list: mennoniste | mennonite
sense:
A member of any of a group of Protestant churches or denominations in the Anabaptist tradition, practicing credobaptism and committed to nonresistance and nonviolence, many of whom may wear plain dress and shun modern technology.


lexentry: eng/Mensa__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mensa
trans_list: Table
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, originally named after Table Mountain in South Africa. It lies between the constellations of Hydrus and Volans.


lexentry: eng/Menshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Menshevik
trans_list: menchevik
sense:
(now, chiefly, historical) A member of the gradualist or moderate wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party during the years preceding the Russian Revolution, when they split with the Bolsheviks; or a member of a later independent moderate-Marxist party formed in 1917. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Mercury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mercury
trans_list: Mercure
sense:
(astronomy) The planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.


lexentry: eng/Mercury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mercury
trans_list: Mercure
sense:
(Roman god) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger, wearing winged sandals; the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes.


lexentry: eng/Meroitic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Meroitic
trans_list: méroïtique
sense:
Describing the language once used in Meroë, or the script, related to hieroglyphs, in which it was written.


lexentry: eng/Merovingian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Merovingian
trans_list: Mérovingien
sense:
One of a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin) largely corresponding to ancient Gaul from the middle of the 5th century, and whose politics involved frequent civil warfare among branches of the family.


lexentry: eng/Mesoamerica__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesoamerica
trans_list: Mésoamérique
sense:
A pre-Columbian cultural region extending from the southern part of Mexico to an area that comprises some parts of the countries of Central America


lexentry: eng/Mesopotamia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesopotamia
trans_list: Mésopotamie
sense:
A region in Southwest Asia spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris that is the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man.


lexentry: eng/Mesozoic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesozoic
trans_list: mésozoïque
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon that comprises the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods from about 230 to 65 million years ago, when life on earth was dominated by reptiles.


lexentry: eng/Messidor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Messidor
trans_list: messidor
sense:
(historical) The tenth month of the French Republican Calendar, from June 19 or 20 to July 18 or 19.


lexentry: eng/Messinian_salinity_crisis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Messinian salinity crisis
trans_list: crise de salinité messinienne
sense:
(geology) A geological event, characterised by the partial desiccation of the Mediterranean basin, which occurred throughout the latter part of the Messinian age of the Miocene epoch, from 5.96 to 5.33 million years ago, and finally ended with the Zanclean flood.


lexentry: eng/Metatron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Metatron
trans_list: Métatron
sense:
(Christianity, Judaism) An archangel and the chancellor of Heaven and the scribe of the book of life, in Christian and Jewish folklore. According to medieval apocrypha, he is Enoch, ancestor of Noah, transformed into an angel.


lexentry: eng/Methodist__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Methodist
trans_list: méthodiste
sense:
Of or pertaining to the branch of Christianity that descends from the religious societies overseen by John Wesley (1703–1791) among others.


lexentry: eng/Metis__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Metis
trans_list: Métis
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan who was the personification of wisdom, the first spouse of Zeus, and the mother of Athena


lexentry: eng/Meuse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Meuse
trans_list: Meuse
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows about 901 km (560 mi) from France through Belgium (Wallonia region) to the North Sea at the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_Plateau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican Plateau
trans_list: plateau mexicain
sense:
A plateau in Mexico, lying between two mountain ranges: the Sierra Madre Oriental on its east, and the Sierra Madre Occidental on its west.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_Spanish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican Spanish
trans_list: espagnol mexicain
sense:
A set of variations of the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico and in some parts of the United States and Canada, where there are communities of Hispanic origin influenced by North American Spanish-speaking media.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_jumping_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican jumping bean
trans_list: pois sauteur
sense:
A type of seed of a shrub of the genus Sebastiania in which a larva has hatched from an egg laid there by a moth (Cydia deshaisiana, the movement of the larva causing the seed to move around.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_marigold__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican marigold
trans_list: rose d'Inde
sense:
A wild flowering plant, Tagetes erecta, native to Mexico and Central America, with numerous small orangish petals.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_wave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican wave
trans_list: hola | ola
sense:
(UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ) A phenomenon that primarily occurs at sports events, where the members of the crowd stand up and/or raise their hands in turn, creating the illusion of a wave passing through the crowd.


lexentry: eng/Mexico_State__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexico State
trans_list: État de Mexico
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The most populous of one of the 32 federal entities of the country of Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Meänkieli__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Meänkieli
trans_list: finnois tornédalien | meänkieli
sense:
A language spoken by some 40,000–70,000 people mainly in Northern Sweden. It is a variant of Finnish with a structure and grammar similar to Finnish, but the vocabulary considerably influenced by Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Mi'kmaq__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mi'kmaq
trans_list: micmac
sense:
The polysynthetic Eastern Algonquian language spoken by this people, closely related to Maliseet and Passamaquoddy.


lexentry: eng/Miami__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Miami
trans_list: Miami
sense:
Ellipsis of Miami River.; TemplateParserError:LuaError, a river flowing past the city of Miami, Dade.


lexentry: eng/Micah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Micah
trans_list: Michée
sense:
An Ephraimite featured in Judges 17–18 and protagonist of the Micah’s idol narrative. Also called Michas.


lexentry: eng/Michael__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Michael
trans_list: Michel
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) An archangel associated with defending the faithful in the tribulation.


lexentry: eng/Michelangelo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Michelangelo
trans_list: Michel-Ange
sense:
A 15th- and 16th-century Italian artist, full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475–1564).


lexentry: eng/Michif__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Michif
trans_list: mitchif | métchif
sense:
One of the languages of the Metis people, spoken mainly in Canada. They exist along a continuum with three main types:


lexentry: eng/Mickey_Mouse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mickey Mouse
trans_list: Mickey Mouse
sense:
The most famous Disney cartoon character, an anthropomorphic mouse with a falsetto voice and a cheerful disposition.


lexentry: eng/Microscopium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Microscopium
trans_list: Microscope
sense:
(constellation) A faint constellation of the southern spring sky, said to resemble a microscope. It lies south of the constellation of Capricornus.


lexentry: eng/Mid-Autumn_Festival__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mid-Autumn Festival
trans_list: fête de la lune | fête de la mi-autone
sense:
(collective) The East Asian festivals originating, inspired, or co-opted from the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival.


lexentry: eng/Midas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Midas
trans_list: Midas
sense:
(Greek mythology) A king who sought and was for a while granted the cherished but subtly dangerous magical power to turn anything he touched into gold.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Ages
trans_list: Moyen Âge
sense:
(history) The period of primarily European history between the decline of the Western Roman Empire (antiquity) and the early modern period or the Renaissance; the time between c. 500 and 1500.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Breton__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Breton
trans_list: breton moyen
sense:
Extinct European language of the Brittonic subgroup of families, spoken in Brittany, in the actual Western part of France between the 11th and the 16th century AD.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Dutch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Dutch
trans_list: moyen néerlandais
sense:
Collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500 in the present-day Dutch-speaking area. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible.


lexentry: eng/Middle_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Middle East
trans_list: Moyen-Orient
sense:
(geopolitics) The region comprising West Asia without the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just Asian Turkey).


lexentry: eng/Middle_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle English
trans_list: moyen anglais
sense:
The ancient or older language of Modern English, spoken in England and parts of Scotland (where it became Lowland Scots) from about 1100 AD to 1500 AD. It developed from Anglo-Saxon, also called Old English, with heavy influence from French and Latin after the Norman invasion.


lexentry: eng/Middle_French__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle French
trans_list: moyen français
sense:
A historical division of the French language, spoken roughly from 1340 to 1610, during which French became established as the official language of France.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Frisian
trans_list: moyen frison
sense:
Language descended from Old Frisian spoken on the North Sea coast of modern Netherlands and Germany from the 16th century until c. 1820.


lexentry: eng/Middle_High_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle High German
trans_list: moyen haut-allemand
sense:
An ancestor to the modern (High) German language, spoken from 1050 to about 1500. Some linguists prefer to use 1350 as the end of the Middle High German period, calling the period from 1350 to 1650 Early New High German in a broad sense.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Irish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Irish
trans_list: moyen irlandais
sense:
The Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man from the 10th to the 12th century.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Kingdom__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Kingdom
trans_list: Moyen Empire
sense:
(historical) Egypt from the time of its reunification under Mentuhotep II in the 11th Dynasty (ending the First Intermediate Period) to its disintegration during the 13th Dynasty and the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Korean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Korean
trans_list: moyen coréen
sense:
The Korean language of the 10th (or 13th, depending on the analysis) century to 16th century, or from the era of Goryeo to the middle of Joseon, based on the dialect of Kaesong because the new Goryeo dynasty moved its capital city to northern area of Korean peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Low_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Low German
trans_list: moyen bas allemand
sense:
A language or collection of dialects that descended from Old Saxon and is the ancestor of modern Low German, spoken from about 1100 to 1600.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Norwegian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Norwegian
trans_list: moyen norvégien
sense:
The interim language in Norway between 1350 (the Black Plague) and 1525. An amalgam of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish, following Old Norwegian (Old Norse).


lexentry: eng/Midgard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Midgard
trans_list: univers
sense:
(Norse mythology) The Earth of traditional Germanic cosmology, conceived as a middle realm between heaven (Asgard) and hell (Helheim); the abode of human beings, between those of the gods (Æsir) and the dead.


lexentry: eng/Midwest__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Midwest
trans_list: mi-ouest
sense:
(with "the") The area of the contiguous United States contained in the central third of the country, especially the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, sometimes inclusive of Missouri and Kentucky.


lexentry: eng/Migration_Period__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Migration Period
trans_list: période de migration des peuple
sense:
(history) The age of mass migration of Germanic people in Europe during the early Middle Ages, circa 376 to 800 CE.


lexentry: eng/Milky_Way__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Milky Way
trans_list: Voie lactée | Voie Lactée
sense:
(galaxy) The Milky Way Galaxy, the galaxy in which Earth is located; extension of the night sky phenomenon.


lexentry: eng/Milky_Way__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Milky Way
trans_list: voie lactée
sense:
(astronomy) A broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky; our view of the dense portions of the Milky Way Galaxy from inside the galaxy. [from late 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/Min_Nan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Min Nan
trans_list: Minnan
sense:
A group of local languages/dialects which can trace their origins to southern Fujian province, China. In common parlance, Southern Min usually refers to Hokkien, which includes Amoy dialect, Taiwanese Hokkien and other varieties in Southeast Asia. It belongs to the Min dialect group of the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.


lexentry: eng/Minecraft__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minecraft
trans_list: Minecraft | minecraft
sense:
(video games) A sandbox video game (released 2011) in which players explore a three-dimensional world made of blocks and can craft items and build structures.


lexentry: eng/Minerva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minerva
trans_list: Minerve
sense:
(Roman god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, and the arts, especially crafts and in particular weaving. She is the Roman counterpart of Athena.


lexentry: eng/Minnie__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minnie
trans_list: Minnie
sense:
A diminutive of the female names Wilhelmina, Minerva, Mary, Mina and Mamie. Popular as a formal female given name in the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Minoan__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minoan
trans_list: minoen
sense:
Of or relating to the civilization that developed in Crete from the neolithic period to the Bronze Age (about 3000-1050 B.C.E.).


lexentry: eng/Mira__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mira
trans_list: Mira
sense:
(star) A binary star in the constellation Cetus, Omicron (ο) Ceti. The system contains a variable red giant and a white dwarf. Its brightness varies from a magnitude 2 at its brightest to a magnitude 10 at its dimmest.


lexentry: eng/Mirandese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mirandese
trans_list: mirandais
sense:
An endangered Romance language spoken in the northeastern corner of Portugal, principally in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro and Vimioso.


lexentry: eng/Miss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Miss
trans_list: mademoiselle | madame
sense:
Form of address, now used chiefly for an unmarried woman; used chiefly of girls before the mid-1700s, and thereafter used also of adult women without regard to marital status.


lexentry: eng/Mithraism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mithraism
trans_list: mithraïsme
sense:
An astrology-based, middle-platonic mystery religion of the 1st-4th century Roman Empire that claimed to have been founded by Zoroaster, admitted only men, and was especially popular among the Roman military.


lexentry: eng/Mnemosyne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mnemosyne
trans_list: Mnémosyne
sense:
(Greek god) A Titaness and the personification of thought, intellect and memory. She is the daughter of Gaia and Uranus, and the mother of the Muses by Zeus.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Greek
trans_list: grec moderne | néo-grec
sense:
The Greek language as spoken by the Greek people since the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was written using polytonic script until 1982, when this was officially dropped in favour of monotonic.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Monetary_Theory__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Monetary Theory
trans_list: Théorie monétaire moderne
sense:
A heterodox economic school of thought that posits that fiscal policy, set to constrain inflation and enable full employment, should be the primary economic stabiliser and prioritises reflection on the nature of money from a chartalist perspective.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Standard_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Standard Arabic
trans_list: arabe standard moderne | fous-ha
sense:
The standard and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in formal speech in the Arab world since c. the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Moebius_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moebius syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Moebius | syndrome de Möbius
sense:
(neurology) A rare congenital disorder characterized by facial paralysis and an inability to move one's eyes from side to side.


lexentry: eng/Mohawk__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mohawk
trans_list: crête iroquoise
sense:
A hairstyle where both sides are shaved, with the hair along the crest of the head kept long, and usually styled so as to stand straight up.


lexentry: eng/Mohism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mohism
trans_list: mohisme | moïsme
sense:
(Chinese philosophy) The doctrines of Mozi and his followers, especially the concept of universal love.


lexentry: eng/Moksha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moksha
trans_list: mokcha
sense:
A language of the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family, spoken by about 428,000 people in the western and southern parts of Mordovia, a dependent republic within Russia, and the adjacent regions of Tambov, Penza, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Tatarstan, Buguruslan and Bashkortostan.


lexentry: eng/Moldovan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moldovan
trans_list: moldave
sense:
The dialect of Romanian spoken in the Republic of Moldova, which may be written in either the Cyrillic or the Roman alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Molotov_cocktail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Molotov cocktail
trans_list: cocktail Molotov
sense:
A crude incendiary bomb made from a glass bottle, either filled with a flammable liquid such as petroleum and supplied with a rag for a fuse that is lit just before being hurled, or filled with such a mix of flammable liquids that it ignites itself when it is smashed and its contents are exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/Monday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monday
trans_list: lundi
sense:
The second day of the week in many religious traditions, and the first day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm. It follows Sunday and precedes Tuesday.


lexentry: eng/Mongolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mongolia
trans_list: Mongolie
sense:
Region in East Asia, including Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, sometimes also including Buryatia, Tuva, Altay.


lexentry: eng/Mongolian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mongolian
trans_list: mongol
sense:
(uncountable) A group of languages from Mongolia, specifically Khalkha, the official language of Mongolia.


lexentry: eng/Mongolian_spot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mongolian spot
trans_list: tache bleue mongolique | tache mongolique | tache mongoloïde | tache pigmentaire congénitale
sense:
A benign, flat, congenital, usually blue to blue-black birthmark on the lower back with wavy borders and irregular shape, prevalent among East Asians, South-East Asians, Polynesians, Native Americans, East Africans, and the Turkish people. It normally disappears three to five years after birth and almost always by puberty.


lexentry: eng/Monoceros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monoceros
trans_list: Licorne
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a unicorn. It lies amid the Milky Way, just east of the constellation Orion.


lexentry: eng/Monophysite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monophysite
trans_list: monophysite
sense:
(Christianity) A member of a Christian sect which held that Jesus Christ has one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian view that Christ has two natures, both fully man and fully God, and is co-eternal and co-substantial with the Father.


lexentry: eng/Monopoly__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monopoly
trans_list: Monopoly
sense:
(games, board games) A board game in which players use play money to buy and trade properties, with the objective of forcing opponents into bankruptcy.


lexentry: eng/Monopoly_money__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Monopoly money
trans_list: billet de Monopoly
sense:
(slang, often, derogatory) Banknotes of foreign currency; especially those which are vibrant or flimsy.


lexentry: eng/Montanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montanism
trans_list: montanisme
sense:
(Christianity) The doctrines of a heretical sect of the second to fifth centuries in Asia Minor, who held millenarian beliefs.


lexentry: eng/Montenegrin__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Montenegrin
trans_list: monténégrin
sense:
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken in Montenegro.


lexentry: eng/Montenegro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montenegro
trans_list: Monténégro
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992, then part of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006.


lexentry: eng/Montgolfier_balloon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montgolfier balloon
trans_list: ballon de montgolfière | ballon montgolfière | montgolfière
sense:
The most common type of hot-air balloon, a balloon lifted by only heated air with onboard burners, and a usually-manned platform at the base.


lexentry: eng/Montreal_steak_spice__Noun__1
written_rep: Montreal steak spice
trans_list:
assaisonnement à bifteck de Montreal | assaisonnement à steak de Montréal | épices à bifteck de Montreal | épices à steak de Montréal


lexentry: eng/Moon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moon
trans_list: Lune | lune
sense:
The Earth's moon; the sole natural satellite of the Earth, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☾.


lexentry: eng/Moor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Moor
trans_list: Maure
sense:
(historical) A member of an Islamic people of Arab or Berber origin ruling Spain and parts of North Africa from the 8th to the 15th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Moore's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moore's law
trans_list: loi de Moore
sense:
(computing) An empirical observation that the density of transistors on a chip doubles every two years.


lexentry: eng/Moorish__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Moorish
trans_list: mauresque
sense:
(architecture) Of or pertaining to a style of Spanish and Portuguese architecture from the time of the Moors, characterized by the horseshoe arch and ornate, geometric decoration.


lexentry: eng/Mopsuestia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mopsuestia
trans_list: Mopsuestie
sense:
an ancient city in Cilicia on the Pyramus River (now Ceyhan River) located east of ancient Antiochia in Cilicia (present-day Adana, southern Turkey)


lexentry: eng/Mordecai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mordecai
trans_list: Mardochée
sense:
(Biblical character) One of the main personalities in the Book of Esther. He adopted and raised his cousin Esther and foiled a plot to assassinate the king.


lexentry: eng/Morea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morea
trans_list: Morée
sense:
(archaic) Synonym of Peloponnese, TemplateParserError:LuaError, particularly (historical) under Turkish rule.


lexentry: eng/Morgan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morgan
trans_list: Morgane
sense:
A en or female given name, possibly from (Welsh môr) or (Old Welsh maur) + (Welsh cant), meaning “great chief” or “sea chief”.


lexentry: eng/Morley's_trisector_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morley's trisector theorem
trans_list: théorème de Morley
sense:
(geometry) A theorem stating that in any triangle, the three points of intersection of the adjacent angle trisectors form an equilateral triangle.


lexentry: eng/Morley_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morley triangle
trans_list: triangle de Morley
sense:
(geometry) Any of a number of triangles described in Morley's trisector theorem, especially the equilateral triangle formed from the points of intersection of adjacent angle trisectors of a given triangle.


lexentry: eng/Mormon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mormon
trans_list: Mormon | mormon
sense:
(originally, derogatory, sometimes, proscribed) A believer in the Mormon religion, which views Joseph Smith as a prophet of God and holds the Bible and the Book of Mormon as its primary scriptures.


lexentry: eng/Mormonism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mormonism
trans_list: mormonisme
sense:
Religious, ideological, and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter-day Saint movement.


lexentry: eng/Moroni__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Moroni
trans_list: Moroni
sense:
(Mormonism) A prophet and military and spiritual leader of the Nephites, author of one of the books in the Book of Mormon.


lexentry: eng/Morpheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morpheus
trans_list: Morphée
sense:
(Greek mythology) The god and personification of dreams; according to the Roman poet Ovid, one of the sons of Somnus, the god of sleep.


lexentry: eng/Morris_column__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morris column
trans_list: colonne Morris
sense:
A cylindrical outdoor sidewalk structure (like a column) used for advertising; an advertising column


lexentry: eng/Morrison_Formation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morrison Formation
trans_list: formation de Morrison
sense:
(geology) A sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock in the western United States, noted as the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.


lexentry: eng/Morse_code__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morse code
trans_list: code Morse | alphabet Morse
sense:
(telecommunications) A character code represented by dots and dashes (or short and long pulses), originally used to send messages by telegraph, later by flashes of light or by radio.


lexentry: eng/Moses__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moses
trans_list: Moïse
sense:
The pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran.


lexentry: eng/Mother's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mother's Day
trans_list: fête des Mères
sense:
(US, Canada) A day in honor of one's mother on the second Sunday in May in the United States and Canada.


lexentry: eng/Mother_Nature__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mother Nature
trans_list: Dame Nature | Mère Nature
sense:
A personification of nature as woman, stressing fertility and fecundity. Based upon either goddesses of the earth and nature, Gaia, Rhea, or Demeter.


lexentry: eng/Mother_of_God__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mother of God
trans_list: Mère de Dieu
sense:
(Christianity) A dogmatic title of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as mother of God.


lexentry: eng/Mount_of_Olives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mount of Olives
trans_list: mont des Oliviers | montagne des Oliviers
sense:
A mountain ridge east of and adjacent to the Old City of Jerusalem, a holy place for both Judaism and Christianity.


lexentry: eng/Mozarabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozarabic
trans_list: mozarabe
sense:
A continuum of closely related Romance dialects spoken in Muslim-dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of Romance language development in Iberia.


lexentry: eng/Mozart_effect__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozart effect
trans_list: effet Mozart
sense:
The supposed phenomenon by which listening to Mozart's music may induce a short-term improvement in spatiotemporal reasoning or in mental performance generally.


lexentry: eng/Mozartian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozartian
trans_list: mozartien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), prolific and influential composer of classical music.


lexentry: eng/Mr.__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mr.
trans_list: M. | Monsieur | [[Mr|M<sup>r</sup>]] | monsieur
sense:
(US, Canada) A title used before the surname in theory, though not generally in practice, above some undefined social level, too old to be addressed as “Master”, not a knight or of some higher rank, and, in Britain though not in the United States, not entitled to be addressed as “Dr.”.


lexentry: eng/Mrs._Watanabe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mrs. Watanabe
trans_list: Madame Watanabe
sense:
A personification of the Japanese housewife speculators, who are strong enough to affect international markets, especially foreign exchange markets.


lexentry: eng/Mrs__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mrs
trans_list: Mme | Mme.
sense:
(used before an adult woman's name or surname, used for any high-status woman without regard to marital status until the 1800s, after which it began to be reserved for married, divorced and widowed women and used with their married surnames)


lexentry: eng/Ms__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ms
trans_list: Madame
sense:
Title used before an adult woman's name or surname, especially when it is not desired or possible to indicate her marital status with Miss or Mrs.


lexentry: eng/Muay_Thai__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muay Thai
trans_list: muay thaï
sense:
(martial arts) A sport practiced in Thailand which is similar to boxing but also allows strikes with the shins, feet, elbows, and knees.


lexentry: eng/Mud_Pie_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mud Pie Island
trans_list: Île Mud Pie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A shallow depth mudflat that is occasionally above waters, located just to the west of Nuns' Island.


lexentry: eng/Mudéjar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mudéjar
trans_list: Maure
sense:
(countable) Any of the Moors of Al-Andalus who remained in Christian territory after the Reconquista but were not converted to Christianity.


lexentry: eng/Mughal_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mughal Empire
trans_list: Empire moghol
sense:
A Persianate empire centered in North India from 1526 to 1857. Succeeded by the British East India Company.


lexentry: eng/Muhammad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muhammad
trans_list: Mahomet | Mohammed
sense:
(uncountable) The figure who introduced Islam, the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


lexentry: eng/Munsee__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Munsee
trans_list: munsee
sense:
An endangered Eastern Algonquian language, one of the two Lenape / Delaware languages (the other is called Unami), spoken aboriginally in the vicinity of what is now New York City.


lexentry: eng/Murasugi_sum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Murasugi sum
trans_list: somme de Murasugi
sense:
The union of a finite sequence of surfaces taken over a disk common to every adjacent pair of the sequence, such that the boundary of the disk comprises some even number of closed arcs, disjoint except at their endpoints, which are alternatingly subarcs of the two surfaces' boundaries.


lexentry: eng/Murasugi_sum__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Murasugi sum
trans_list: somme de Murasugi
sense:
The union of links formed by taking such a sum of their Seifert surfaces and taking the boundary of the result.


lexentry: eng/Murphy_bed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Murphy bed
trans_list: lit escamotable
sense:
(North America) A light type of bed designed to be folded up or swung into a wall or closet for storage when not in use. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Musca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Musca
trans_list: Mouche
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a fly, between the constellations of Carina and Apus.


lexentry: eng/Muscovy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muscovy
trans_list: Moscovie
sense:
The Russian territory around and ruled from Moscow by grand princes until it became the nucleus of a united Russia, which its dynasty ruled first as czars (kings) from Moscow, later as emperors from Saint Petersburg


lexentry: eng/Muzak__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muzak
trans_list: muzak
sense:
(music, trademark) Recorded background music characterized by soft, soothing instrumental sounds which is transmitted by wire, radio, or recorded media (originally on a subscription basis) to doctors' offices, shops, and other business premises. [from 1934]


lexentry: eng/Mycenae__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mycenae
trans_list: Mycènes
sense:
An ancient Greek city in the NE Peloponnesus on the plain of Argos, inhabited since about 4000 B.C.E.


lexentry: eng/Mycenaean_Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mycenaean Greek
trans_list: mycénien | grec mycénien
sense:
The most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 11th centuries BC, written in Linear B script.


lexentry: eng/Möbius_strip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Möbius strip
trans_list: ruban de Möbius
sense:
(topology) A one-sided surface formed by identifying two opposite edges of a square in opposite senses;a narrow strip given a half twist and joined at the ends, forming a three-dimensional embedding of said surface.


lexentry: eng/Möbius_transformation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Möbius transformation
trans_list: transformation de Möbius
sense:
(geometry, complex analysis) A transformation of the extended complex plane that is a rational function of the form f(z) = (az + b) / (cz + d), where a, b, c, d are complex numbers such that ad − bc ≠ 0; an automorphism of the complex projective line.


lexentry: eng/Mössbauer_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mössbauer effect
trans_list: effet Mössbauer
sense:
(physics) the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma rays by atoms in the solid state; the basis of a type of spectroscopy with applications in both physics and chemistry


lexentry: eng/Müllerian_mimicry__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Müllerian mimicry
trans_list: mimétisme mullérien
sense:
(evolutionary theory) The resemblance of two or more poisonous species with each other, giving the effect that they are all more recognisable to potential predators. For example, the monarch butterfly and the viceroy butterfly.


lexentry: eng/Münchausen_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Münchausen syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Münchhausen
sense:
A psychiatric disorder in which a person feigns illness or psychological trauma in order to garner attention or sympathy.


lexentry: eng/NAFLD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NAFLD
trans_list: NASH | maladie du soda | stéatose hépatique non alcoolique
sense:
(disease) Initialism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of disorders characterized by predominantly macrovesicular hepatic steatosis occurring in individuals in the absence of significant alcohol consumption.


lexentry: eng/NOT__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NOT
trans_list: NON
sense:
(mathematics, logic) A unary operation on logical values that changes true to false, and false to true.


lexentry: eng/NP-complete__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NP-complete
trans_list: NP-complet
sense:
(computing theory, of a, decision problem) That is both NP (solvable in polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine) and NP-hard (such that any (other) NP problem can be reduced to it in polynomial time).


lexentry: eng/NP-hard__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NP-hard
trans_list: NP-dur
sense:
(computing theory) A problem H is NP-hard if and only if there is an NP-complete problem L that is polynomial time Turing-reducible to H.


lexentry: eng/NP-hard__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: NP-hard
trans_list: NP-dur
sense:
(computing theory) An alternative definition restricts NP-hard to decision problems and then uses polynomial-time many-one reduction instead of Turing reduction.


lexentry: eng/Nabokovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nabokovian
trans_list: nabokovien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977) or his writings, characterised by a lush descriptive style and intricate wordplay.


lexentry: eng/Nagasaki__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nagasaki
trans_list: Nagasaki
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, famous as the country's early modern entrepot and for its nuclear bombing on 9 August 1945 at the end of World War II.


lexentry: eng/Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
trans_list: République du Haut-Karabagh
sense:
An Armenian-populated republic with limited recognition located in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of the South Caucasus, between Armenia and Azerbaijan.


lexentry: eng/Nakba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nakba
trans_list: nakba
sense:
(Palestine) The fracturing, dispossession and displacement of Palestinian society, following the declaration of Israel on what had been most of Mandatory Palestine, including the flight or expulsion of the majority of the Palestinian Arabs (some 700,000) and the destruction of their homes.


lexentry: eng/Nanjing__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Nanjing
trans_list: Nankin
sense:
(historical) Various other Chinese cities during periods when they acted as a southern capital of a kingdom or imperial dynasty.


lexentry: eng/Naples__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Naples
trans_list: Naples
sense:
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of Naples, a former kingdom that controlled southern Italy in the early modern period


lexentry: eng/Naples__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Naples
trans_list: Naples
sense:
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a former kingdom that controlled southern Italy and Sicily in the 19th century


lexentry: eng/Napoleon_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Napoleon complex
trans_list: complexe de Napoléon
sense:
(pejorative, psychology) Aggressive or domineering behaviour, claimed to be a form of psychological compensation for one's short physical stature.


lexentry: eng/Narcissus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Narcissus
trans_list: Narcisse
sense:
(Greek mythology) A youth who spurned the love of Echo and fell in love with his own reflection in a pool: in some versions of the myth, he drowned trying to reach it, while in others he sat fixated until a god took pity and transformed him into a flower.


lexentry: eng/Nares_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nares Strait
trans_list: détroit de Nares
sense:
A strait between Ellesmere Island (Canada) and Greenland, connecting the Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean with Baffin Bay.


lexentry: eng/Narnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Narnia
trans_list: Narnia
sense:
(fantasy) A land in which a series of seven children's books, The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis are set.


lexentry: eng/Nasdaq__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nasdaq
trans_list: le Nasdaq
sense:
Acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, an electronic stock market.


lexentry: eng/Nash_equilibrium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nash equilibrium
trans_list: Équilibre de Nash
sense:
(game theory) The set of choices of players' strategies for which no player can benefit by changing his or her strategy assuming that the other players keep theirs unchanged.


lexentry: eng/Nasserism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nasserism
trans_list: nassérisme
sense:
An Arab nationalist political ideology based on the thinking of the former Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser.


lexentry: eng/Natal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Natal
trans_list: Noël
sense:
A former British colony and province of South Africa, itself beforehand the Natalia Republic. It is now called KwaZulu-Natal province.


lexentry: eng/National_Bolshevism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Bolshevism
trans_list: national-bolchevisme | national-bolchévisme
sense:
A neo-fascist ultranationalist ideology primarily originated from Russia that combines strong elements of classical fascism with economical communism.


lexentry: eng/National_Convention__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Convention
trans_list: Convention nationale
sense:
(historical) A constitutional and legislative assembly holding executive power during the French Revolution.


lexentry: eng/National_Day_for_Truth_and_Reconciliation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Day for Truth and Reconciliation
trans_list: Journée nationale de la vérité et de la réconciliation
sense:
(Canada, holidays) September 30th; A statutory holiday in Canada, for the recognition of the cultural genocide of indigenous peoples in Canada enacted by the colonizers, especially that caused by the residential school system; declared as a law in 2020, and first observed in 2021.


lexentry: eng/National_Socialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Socialism
trans_list: national-socialisme
sense:
The ideology of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party) in Germany, including an authoritarian government, ethnic nationalism (including but not limited to Pan-Germanism) and adequate territory (Lebensraum), and economic cooperation between the state and capital.


lexentry: eng/National_Socialist_German_Workers'_Party__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Socialist German Workers' Party
trans_list: Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands
sense:
(historical, Nazism, German politics) Far-Right political party from Germany, commonly known as the Nazi Party


lexentry: eng/Natufian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Natufian
trans_list: natoufien
sense:
(archaeology, anthropology) Of, or relating to a Mesolithic-era hunter-gatherer people in the Mediterranean area around Levant, at about 13,000 to 11,000 BC.


lexentry: eng/Navajo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Navajo
trans_list: navajo
sense:
An Apachean (Southern Athabaskan) language of the Athabascan language family belonging to the Na-Dené phylum. It is spoken by 149,000 people in the American Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado).


lexentry: eng/Navarre__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Navarre
trans_list: Navarre
sense:
A part of the Northern Basque Country (France), often referred to as Basse Navarre (Lower Navarre) in French, to distinguish it from the Navarre belonging to Spain.


lexentry: eng/Naypyidaw__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Naypyidaw
trans_list: Naypyidaw
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in Pyinmana Township, Mandalay Division (approximately 320 kilometres north of Yangon).


lexentry: eng/Nazarite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazarite
trans_list: nazaréen | nazir | nazirite | naziréen
sense:
A Jew bound by a vow to leave the hair uncut, to abstain from alcohol, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion.


lexentry: eng/Nazi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazi
trans_list: nazi | naziste
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Nazi Party specifically, or to Nazism, neo-Nazism, or neo-Nazis more generally.


lexentry: eng/Nazi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazi
trans_list: nazi | fasciste | nazie
sense:
(historical) A member of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP). [1930]


lexentry: eng/Nazism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazism
trans_list: nazisme
sense:
The ideology of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP), being a form of fascism characterised by Adolf Hitler's cult of personality, hate propaganda, white supremacy, extreme bigotry (especially antisemitism and racism), eugenics, mass violence, genocide, ethnonationalist territorial expansion (Lebensraum) and state capitalism.


lexentry: eng/Naʼvi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Naʼvi
trans_list: na'vi
sense:
A constructed language designed by Paul Frommer to be spoken by fictional extraterrestrials in the 2009 film Avatar.


lexentry: eng/Near_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Near East
trans_list: Proche-Orient
sense:
The region located south of Eastern Europe, comprising Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Nebra_sky_disc__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nebra sky disc
trans_list: disque céleste de Nebra
sense:
(archaeology) A bronze disc featuring gold symbols inlaid on a blue-green patina, generally interpreted as depicting the Sun or full moon, a lunar crescent and stars (including a group that may be the Pleiades), dated to circa 1800–1600 BCE and attributed to the Unetice culture of the early European Bronze Age.


lexentry: eng/Neckar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neckar
trans_list: Neckar
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, a major tributary of the Rhine, mostly flowing through Baden-Württemberg


lexentry: eng/Nefertem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nefertem
trans_list: Nefertoum
sense:
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian god, who represented the first sunlight and the delightful smell of the Egyptian blue lotus flower


lexentry: eng/Nemean_Lion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nemean Lion
trans_list: Lion de Némée
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythical lion of ancient Nemea that was invulnerable to attack by weapons and was slain by Hercules as one of his labours.


lexentry: eng/Neo-Middle_Egyptian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neo-Middle Egyptian
trans_list: égyptien de tradition
sense:
(linguistics, history) The form of Middle Egyptian archaizingly used as a literary language after the vernacular language had changed into Late Egyptian, and later Demotic and Coptic.


lexentry: eng/Neogrammarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neogrammarian
trans_list: néogrammairien
sense:
(linguistics, historical) A member or follower of a 19th-century school of German linguists who first advanced the theory of regular sound change.


lexentry: eng/Neoplatonism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neoplatonism
trans_list: néoplatonisme
sense:
A school of philosophy based on the teachings of Plato and, subsequently, Plotinus; it was the foundation for paganism.


lexentry: eng/Neptune__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Neptune
trans_list: Neptune
sense:
(Roman mythology) The god of the ocean and of earthquakes, equivalent to Poseidon in Greek mythology.


lexentry: eng/Neptunian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neptunian
trans_list: neptunien
sense:
(Roman mythology) Of or pertaining to Neptune, the Roman god of fresh water and the sea, the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Nestorian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nestorian
trans_list: nestorien | nestorienne
sense:
(sometimes, pejorative) A perceived follower of Nestorius in the fourth and fifth centuries. A member of a Nestorian church.


lexentry: eng/Nestorianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nestorianism
trans_list: nestorianisme
sense:
(Christianity) The Christological doctrine ascribed to Nestorius, condemned as heretical by the Council of Ephesus but later also ascribed to the Church of the East, holding that within Christ there are two distinct hypostases, divine and human.


lexentry: eng/Netflix__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Netflix
trans_list: netflixer
sense:
(transitive, Internet, informal) To watch (a film or TV series) using the Internet streaming media provider Netflix. [from the 2000s]


lexentry: eng/Netflixian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Netflixian
trans_list: netflixien
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or resembling the streaming service provider Netflix, especially with respect to its innovative approach.


lexentry: eng/Netherlands_Antilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Netherlands Antilles
trans_list: Antilles néerlandaises
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, composed of the islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, dissolved in 2010.


lexentry: eng/Neustria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neustria
trans_list: Neustrie
sense:
(historical) The western part of the Frankish empire, corresponding roughly to modern-day northern France.


lexentry: eng/Nevanlinna_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nevanlinna theory
trans_list: théorie de Nevanlinna
sense:
(complex analysis) A part of the theory of meromorphic functions that describes the asymptotic distribution of solutions to the equation ƒ(z) = a, as a varies.


lexentry: eng/Nevi'im__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nevi'im
trans_list: Nevi'im
sense:
A subdivision of the Hebrew Testament (Tanakh) that is known in English as the Prophets. This section is subdivided into two sections, the Former Prophets and the Latter Prophets. The Latter Prophets is further subdivided into the Major Prophets and the Minor Prophets (known as the Twelve).


lexentry: eng/New_Amsterdam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Amsterdam
trans_list: Nouvelle-Amsterdam
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; the Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City.


lexentry: eng/New_Caledonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: New Caledonia
trans_list: Nouvelle-Calédonie
sense:
(historical) A district of the west coast of British North America traded by the Hudson's Bay Company. It became the colony of British Columbia in 1858.


lexentry: eng/New_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New England
trans_list: Nouvelle-Angleterre
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.


lexentry: eng/New_France__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New France
trans_list: Nouvelle-France
sense:
(historical) France's former possessions and colonies in North America, including Canada (now Quebec and Ontario and Ohio plains), Acadia (now New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), and Louisiana (now the Mississippi plains), before 1763.


lexentry: eng/New_Guinea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Guinea
trans_list: Nouvelle-Guinée
sense:
A large Oceanian island in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia, whose territory is divided between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east.


lexentry: eng/New_Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Ireland
trans_list: Nouvelle-Irlande
sense:
An island of the Bismarck Archipelago, a German colony from 1884 to 1921; governed by Australia from 1921 and then by Papua New Guinea from 1975 to the present day.


lexentry: eng/New_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Latin
trans_list: néolatin | néo-latin
sense:
The reformed Latin language as written or spoken as a lingua franca from 14th century Renaissance Latin to Contemporary Latin in the late 19th century.


lexentry: eng/New_Objectivity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Objectivity
trans_list: nouvelle objectivité
sense:
An anti-expressionist artistic movement of the first half of the twentieth century that espoused direct, unadorned, matter-of-fact aesthetics.


lexentry: eng/New_Orleans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Orleans
trans_list: La Nouvelle-Orléans | Nouvelle-Orléans
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which is coterminous with the city. It is an industrial and distribution center and major seaport located along the Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico, known for its rich cultural heritage, especially its music and cuisine.


lexentry: eng/New_Spain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Spain
trans_list: Nouvelle-Espagne
sense:
(historical) The colony comprising Spain's territorial possessions in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama, established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521.


lexentry: eng/New_Testament__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Testament
trans_list: Nouveau Testament
sense:
The second half of the Christian Bible, which includes the four Gospels, the Book of Acts, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.


lexentry: eng/New_World_Order__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New World Order
trans_list: Nouvel Ordre Mondial
sense:
A vision for the world in which greater peace and stability is achieved through a new political order.


lexentry: eng/New_World_monkey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New World monkey
trans_list: singe du Nouveau Monde
sense:
Any monkey from any of the five families of primates that are found in Central America and South America: the Callitrichidae, the Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae.


lexentry: eng/New_Year's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Year's Day
trans_list: jour de l'an | Nouvel An
sense:
A holiday celebrating the first day of the New Year, celebrated on January 1 in cultures following the Gregorian calendar.


lexentry: eng/New_Year's_Eve__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Year's Eve
trans_list: Saint-Sylvestre
sense:
The holiday occurring on the last day of the year, celebrated on December 31st in cultures following the Gregorian calendar


lexentry: eng/New_Year__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: New Year
trans_list: le jour de l'an | le nouvel an | nouvel an
sense:
In particular, January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar (New Year’s Day) and the days following.


lexentry: eng/New_York__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New York
trans_list: New York | État de New York
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey.


lexentry: eng/Newari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Newari
trans_list: Nepâlbhâsa
sense:
A Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nepal, India and Bhutan by the Newa people, and the only Tibeto-Burman language written in Devanagari script.


lexentry: eng/Newfoundland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Newfoundland
trans_list: terre-neuve | chien de Terre-Neuve
sense:
A very large breed of working dog from Newfoundland, with a shaggy, usually black coat, known for its water rescue ability, strength, and gentle disposition.


lexentry: eng/Newfoundland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Newfoundland
trans_list: Terre-Neuve
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which, along with Labrador, has composed the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador since 1949, and the Dominion of Newfoundland, before it.


lexentry: eng/Newspeak__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Newspeak
trans_list: novlangue
sense:
(computer languages) A highly dynamic and reflective programming language descended from Smalltalk, supporting both object-oriented and functional programming.


lexentry: eng/Niagara_River__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niagara River
trans_list: Niagara
sense:
A river in North America flowing to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario and including the Niagara Falls.


lexentry: eng/Nibelung__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nibelung
trans_list: Nibelung
sense:
(Germanic, _, mythology) A member of a supernatural underground race that guarded treasures and gold searched for and eventually seized by Siegfried.


lexentry: eng/Nicene_Creed__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nicene Creed
trans_list: Foi de Nicene | Symbole de Nicée
sense:
The first official creed of the early Christian church, stating the basic tenets of the Christian faith, including the nature of the Holy Trinity.


lexentry: eng/Nicene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Nicene
trans_list: nicéen
sense:
Of or pertaining to the First Council of Nicaea convened by the Roman Emperor Constantine I, or to the churches that profess the Nicene Creed, the formulation of which began at this council.


lexentry: eng/Nietzschean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nietzschean
trans_list: nietzschéen
sense:
Of, pertaining to or characteristic of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher, or his writings.


lexentry: eng/Nihilism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nihilism
trans_list: nihilisme
sense:
(Russia, politics, historical) A movement of the 1860s that rejected all authority and promoted the use of violence for political change.


lexentry: eng/Nile__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nile
trans_list: Nil
sense:
A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.


lexentry: eng/Niman_Kachina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niman Kachina
trans_list: Niman Katchina
sense:
A Hopi ceremony celebrating the departing of the kachinas for the San Francisco Peaks at the summer solstice.


lexentry: eng/Nintendrone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nintendrone
trans_list: concevoir
sense:
(slang, derogatory, video games) A slavish supporter of Nintendo's video games or consoles; a Nintendo fanboy


lexentry: eng/Nivôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nivôse
trans_list: nivôse
sense:
(historical) The fourth month of the French Republican Calendar, from December 21, 22 or 23 to January 19, 20 or 21.


lexentry: eng/Niçoise_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niçoise salad
trans_list: salade niçoise
sense:
A salad, originating from the French town of Nice, with various ingredients including tuna, anchovies, hard-boiled eggs, tomatoes, black olives, and lettuce.


lexentry: eng/Nobel_Prize__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nobel Prize
trans_list: prix Nobel
sense:
Any of the international prizes awarded annually by the Nobel Foundation for outstanding achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for the promotion of world peace; or the prize in economics awarded by the Swedish National Bank, in memorial of Alfred Nobel.


lexentry: eng/Nogai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nogai
trans_list: nogaï
sense:
A Turkic language spoken in the northern Caucasus region of southwestern Russia and in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.


lexentry: eng/Nordic_combined__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nordic combined
trans_list: combiné nordique
sense:
(skiing) An event in which individual skiers take part in runs on a cross-country skiing course and a ski jumping hill.


lexentry: eng/Norma__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norma
trans_list: Règle
sense:
(constellation) An inconspicuous constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a carpenter's square. It lies south of the constellations Scorpius and Centaurus.


lexentry: eng/Norman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norman
trans_list: normand
sense:
The langue d'oïl variant, closely related to the French of Île-de-France (i.e. Paris), spoken in Normandy and the Channel Islands, and was for several centuries the ruling language of England (see Anglo-Norman).


lexentry: eng/North_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Africa
trans_list: Afrique du Nord
sense:
The northern part of the continent of Africa, usually referring to specifically the regions north of the Sahara Desert where Arabic is widely spoken as a mother tongue.


lexentry: eng/North_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North America
trans_list: Amérique du Nord
sense:
The continent that is the northern part of the Americas; that part east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, north of South America and south of the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/North_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Asia
trans_list: Asie du Nord
sense:
The northern region of Asia, also referred to as Siberia, geographically coextensive with the Asian part of Russia.


lexentry: eng/North_Atlantic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Atlantic
trans_list: océan Atlantique Nord
sense:
The portion of the Atlantic Ocean that lies primarily between North America and the northeast coast of South America to the east, and Europe and the northwest coast of Africa to the west.


lexentry: eng/North_Carolina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Carolina
trans_list: Caroline du Nord
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError situated on the east coast of the North American mainland north of South Carolina and south of Virginia. Capital: Raleigh.


lexentry: eng/North_Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Caucasus
trans_list: Caucase du Nord | Ciscaucasie
sense:
the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Black and Caspian Seas and within European Russia.


lexentry: eng/North_Channel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Channel
trans_list: canal du Nord
sense:
The strait between Northern Ireland and southwestern Scotland, connecting the Irish Sea with the Atlantic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/North_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North East
trans_list: Angleterre du Nord-Est
sense:
(UK) TemplateParserError:LuaError, consisting of the counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and the part of North Yorkshire that was part of the former county of Cleveland or the former county borough of Teesside.


lexentry: eng/North_India__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North India
trans_list: Inde du Nord
sense:
The northern region of India, comprising the states of Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh, and the union territories of Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. Often Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar are included, as well.


lexentry: eng/North_Karelia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Karelia
trans_list: Carélie du Nord
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. (Since 2022, the English term officially prescribed as the name for the Finnish administrative unit long known as a “region” was changed to be called a “county”, although reference to counties as regions is still common. See Counties of Finland.)


lexentry: eng/North_Levantine_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Levantine Arabic
trans_list: Arabe levantin septentrional
sense:
A group of Eastern Arabic dialects spoken primarily in Syria, Lebanon, the north of Palestine, and Cyprus.


lexentry: eng/North_Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Macedonia
trans_list: Macédoine du Nord
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992. The current name was adopted in 2019 to resolve a naming dispute with Greece.


lexentry: eng/North_Pole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Pole
trans_list: pôle Nord
sense:
(geography) The Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole; the point which north is oriented towards, and therefore the northernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of 90°).


lexentry: eng/North_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Sea
trans_list: mer du Nord | Mer du Nord
sense:
A marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Britain (in the west), Scandinavia (in the east) and Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France (in the south).


lexentry: eng/North_Star__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Star
trans_list: Étoile polaire
sense:
(astronomy) The current northern pole star, the star nearest the northern celestial pole, which has been Polaris for the last 1500 years.


lexentry: eng/North_Yorkshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Yorkshire
trans_list: Yorkshire du Nord
sense:
(from 1974) TemplateParserError:LuaError, bordering the East Riding of Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cumbria and County Durham.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Europe
trans_list: Europe du Nord
sense:
A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Sami__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Sami
trans_list: same du Nord
sense:
The most widely spoken Sami language; it is spoken in northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland. It includes three dialects: Torne, Finnmark and Sea Sami.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Sea_Route__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Sea Route
trans_list: passage du Nord-Est | route maritime du nord
sense:
(geography) A shipping lane from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the Russian Arctic coast from the Barents Sea, along Siberia, to the Far East.


lexentry: eng/Northumberland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northumberland
trans_list: Northumberland
sense:
The most northerly county of England bordered by County Durham, Cumbria, Tyne and Wear, Scotland and the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Norway_spruce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norway spruce
trans_list: épicéa commun | épinette de Norvège
sense:
A species of spruce native to Europe and naturalized in temperate northeastern North America, Picea abies.


lexentry: eng/Norwegian__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Norwegian
trans_list: norvégien
sense:
(uncountable) The language of Norway, which has two official forms (written standards): Bokmål and Nynorsk.


lexentry: eng/Nostratic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nostratic
trans_list: nostratique
sense:
A conjectural and not widely accepted grouping of languages including the Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, Chukchi-Kamchatkan, Eskimo-Aleut, Dravidian, Elamite, Sumerian, Kartvelian, and Afroasiatic languages, and less commonly including the Aegean and Ainu languages as well.


lexentry: eng/Nouméa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nouméa
trans_list: Nouméa
sense:
The capital of the French overseas possession New Caledonia, a natural South Sea port on its main island


lexentry: eng/Nova_Scotia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Nova Scotia
trans_list: Nouvelle-Écosse
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising most of the province of Nova Scotia; Nova Scotia peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Novatian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Novatian
trans_list: Novatien
sense:
A Roman priest, who became an antipope against St. Cornelius in 251 AD, and considered by the Catholic Church to be a schismatic heresiarch as founder of a Christian sect known as Novatianism


lexentry: eng/November__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: November
trans_list: novembre
sense:
The eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following October and preceding December. Abbreviation: Nov or Nov.


lexentry: eng/Novorossiya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Novorossiya
trans_list: Nouvelle Russie
sense:
(historical) An area north of the Black Sea which was conquered by the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th century, located in present-day Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Nowheresville__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (slang, pejorative, humorous) A geographical location that is deemed obscure or unimportant.
written_rep: Nowheresville
trans_list:
Perpète-la-Galette | Perpète-les-Alouettes | Perpète-les-Andouillettes | Perpète-les-Bains | Perpète-les-Oies | Pétaouchnok


lexentry: eng/Nubia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nubia
trans_list: Nubie
sense:
The region of the valley of the upper Nile, now part of Sudan (Upper Nubia) and far-southern Egypt (Lower Nubia);(by extension, historical) the polity ruling said region.


lexentry: eng/Numbers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Numbers
trans_list: Nombres
sense:
The Book of Numbers, the fourth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fourth book in the Torah.


lexentry: eng/Nuragic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nuragic
trans_list: nuragique
sense:
Of or relating to a civilization of Sardinia, which lasted from the Mediterranean Bronze Age until the 2nd century CE and built monuments of a type called nuraghe.


lexentry: eng/Nyankole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nyankole
trans_list: runyankole
sense:
The Bantu lect spoken by more than two million members of the Nkore (Banyankore) and Hema (Hima) peoples of southwestern Uganda, closely related to the Kiga language and sometimes considered with Kiga to be a dialect of Nkore-Kiga, or (with Kiga, Nyoro and Tooro) a dialect of Kitara.


lexentry: eng/Nîmes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nîmes
trans_list: Nîmes
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the capital of the department of Gard, formerly in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon.


lexentry: eng/OODA__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: OODA
trans_list: OODA
sense:
(military) Initialism of Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (a decision cycle for military combat operations and other processes)


lexentry: eng/Occidental__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occidental
trans_list: occidental
sense:
An artificial language, created by Edgar de Wahl later renamed Interlingue shortly before the publication of Interlingua


lexentry: eng/Occitan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occitan
trans_list: occitan | langue d'oc
sense:
A Romance language spoken in Occitania, a region of Europe that includes Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy.


lexentry: eng/Occitania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occitania
trans_list: Occitanie
sense:
A region of Europe corresponding to Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy, where the Occitan language was widely spoken and is still spoken.


lexentry: eng/Oceania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oceania
trans_list: Océanie
sense:
A geographical region or continent composed of many islands (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) plus Australasia. It is located between Asia, Antarctica and the Americas.


lexentry: eng/Oceanus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oceanus
trans_list: Océan
sense:
(Greek god) Personification of vast waters or the world ocean. He was the first-born of the Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia, the god that encircled the earth. With his sister-wife, Tethys, he fathered all rivers and the Oceanids.


lexentry: eng/Octans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Octans
trans_list: Octant
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an octant. It lies closest to the southern celestial pole of any constellation.


lexentry: eng/October__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: October
trans_list: octobre
sense:
The tenth month of the Gregorian calendar, following September and preceding November. Abbreviation: Oct.


lexentry: eng/Odense__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Odense
trans_list: Odense
sense:
Odense, the largest city in Region of Southern Denmark (Region Syddanmark) and third-largest city in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Odin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Odin
trans_list: Odin
sense:
(Norse mythology, and, paganism) A major Germanic god, often described as chief of the pantheon, in his Norse form a member of the Æsir, married to Frigg and associated with knowledge, poetry and war. Wednesday refers to him by way of interpretatio germanica.


lexentry: eng/Odysseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Odysseus
trans_list: Ulysse | Odysseus
sense:
(Greek mythology) The son of Laertes and Anticlea and father of Telemachus. A Greek leader during the Trojan War, he was responsible for the Trojan horse. He was also king of Ithaca, hero of the Iliad and protagonist of the Odyssey.


lexentry: eng/Oedipus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oedipus
trans_list: Œdipe
sense:
(Greek mythology) A son of Laius and Jocasta, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother.


lexentry: eng/Oedipus_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oedipus complex
trans_list: complexe d’Œdipe
sense:
(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the complex of emotions aroused in a child by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex.


lexentry: eng/Ohm's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ohm's law
trans_list: loi d'Ohm
sense:
(physics) Ohm's observation that the direct current flowing in an electrical circuit consisting only of resistances is directly proportional to the voltage applied.


lexentry: eng/Ojibwe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ojibwe
trans_list: ojibwé
sense:
The language spoken by the native Algonquin people of central Canada, one of a closely related group of languages and dialects of the Algonquian branch of the Algic language family.


lexentry: eng/Okazaki_fragment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Okazaki fragment
trans_list: fragment d'Okazaki
sense:
(genetics, often, _, in the plural) One of many short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand (i.e. lagging strand) during DNA replication.


lexentry: eng/Old_Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Armenian
trans_list: arménien ancien | arménien classique
sense:
The oldest attested form of the Armenian language, first written down at the beginning of the 5th century AD and spoken until 12th century; then replaced by Middle Armenian. Served as a literary language until the 18-19th centuries. Partly intelligible to speakers of modern Armenian.


lexentry: eng/Old_Believer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Believer
trans_list: vieux-croyant | vieille-croyante | vieille-ritualiste | vieux-ritualiste
sense:
(religion) Any of those who separated from the official Russian Orthodox Church after 1666 as a protest against the church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652 and 1666. They continue liturgical and ritual practices which predate the reforms.


lexentry: eng/Old_Catholic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Catholic
trans_list: vieux-catholique
sense:
Pertaining to a group of churches that split from the Roman Catholic Church over the dogma of papal infallibility, which they did not agree with.


lexentry: eng/Old_Danish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Danish
trans_list: vieux danois
sense:
Old East Norse dialect (also sometimes considered a separate language, several other names are used as well) as spoken from the 9th to 11th centuries in Denmark


lexentry: eng/Old_Dutch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Dutch
trans_list: vieux néerlandais
sense:
A branch of Old Low Franconian, with a Frisian substrate, spoken and written during the Middle Ages (c. 9th to 12th century) in the Netherlands and the northern part of present-day Belgium, as well as in areas of northern France along the North Sea coast and adjoining Belgium. This language represents the first attested stage of the Dutch language and its dialects, being succeeded by Middle Dutch in the later Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Old_East_Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old East Slavic
trans_list: vieux slave oriental
sense:
(historical) A Slavic language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries by East Slavs in the state of Kievan Rus and its successors. The ancestor of Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn and Ukrainian.


lexentry: eng/Old_English_Sheepdog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old English Sheepdog
trans_list: berger anglais ancestral
sense:
A herding dog of a particular breed (also used as a pet), with shaggy grey and white fur also covering its face, and a docked tail.


lexentry: eng/Old_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old English
trans_list: anglo-saxon | vieil anglais
sense:
(linguistics, history) The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100.


lexentry: eng/Old_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Frisian
trans_list: vieux frison
sense:
a West Germanic language spoken on parts of the North Sea coast of modern Netherlands and Germany until the 16th century


lexentry: eng/Old_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Greek
trans_list: vieux grec
sense:
A form of the Greek language intermediate between Ancient Greek and Modern Greek; spoken roughly between the 1st and 16th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Old_High_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old High German
trans_list: vieux haut-allemand
sense:
The early recorded form of the High German language, spoken from the 8th century to the 12th century.


lexentry: eng/Old_Icelandic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Icelandic
trans_list: vieil islandais
sense:
The Old Norse language as spoken and written in Iceland in the Middle Ages, quite similar to Old Norwegian, but differing most markedly in orthography and, to a lesser extent, in phonology.


lexentry: eng/Old_Irish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Irish
trans_list: vieil irlandais
sense:
The Irish language as attested from the sixth to the tenth centuries C.E., the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive texts (written in the Latin alphabet) are extant.


lexentry: eng/Old_Italian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Italian
trans_list: vieil italien
sense:
The continuum of languages derived from Vulgar Latin spoken in the Italian peninsula between circa 960 and the establishment of the Accademia della Crusca in 1582.


lexentry: eng/Old_Japanese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Japanese
trans_list: vieux japonais | ancien japonais | haut japonais
sense:
the oldest stage of the Japanese language; spoken through the 8th century and followed by Late Old Japanese


lexentry: eng/Old_Korean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Korean
trans_list: vieux coréen | ancien coréen
sense:
The language spoken in Korea and written in hanja, which evolved into Middle Korean by the 10th or 13th century, depending on the analysis.


lexentry: eng/Old_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Latin
trans_list: latin archaïque
sense:
The Latin language in the period before the age of Classical Latin; particularly Latin before 75 BC.


lexentry: eng/Old_Maid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Maid
trans_list: pouilleux | vieux garçon
sense:
(uncountable) A children's card game, sometimes played with a special deck, where the object of the game is for each player to find matches for all the cards in his hand, without being stuck with the single unmatchable card.


lexentry: eng/Old_Norse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Norse
trans_list: vieux norrois | norois | norrois | vieil islandais | vieux norois | vieux norvégien
sense:
The language of Scandinavia until the 14th century, the common ancestor of modern Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic.


lexentry: eng/Old_Novgorodian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Novgorodian
trans_list: vieux novgorodien
sense:
A dialect used in Old East Slavic birch-bark writings found around Novgorod, having some archaic features that were lost in other Slavic dialects.


lexentry: eng/Old_Persian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Persian
trans_list: vieux perse | vieux-perse
sense:
The ancestor language of Middle Persian, and via it of New Persian language. Attested in Old Persian cuneiform, in the period 525 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E..


lexentry: eng/Old_Prussian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Prussian
trans_list: vieux prussien
sense:
An extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the Old Prussians, the indigenous peoples of the historical region of Prussia (now north-eastern Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia and Lithuania).


lexentry: eng/Old_Spanish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Spanish
trans_list: castillan ancien | vieil espagnol
sense:
Western Ibero-Romance language that was spoken on the Iberian Peninsula from the 10th century until roughly the beginning of the 15th century, before a consonantic readjustment gave rise to the evolution of Modern Spanish, differentiating Spanish proper from Judæo-Spanish and Haketia.


lexentry: eng/Old_Swedish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Swedish
trans_list: ancien suédois | vieux suédois
sense:
The medieval form of the Swedish language, markedly different from the modern language in having more complex case and gender systems.


lexentry: eng/Old_Testament__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Testament
trans_list: Ancien Testament
sense:
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.


lexentry: eng/Old_Turkic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Turkic
trans_list: vieux-turc
sense:
The earliest attested Turkic language, found in inscriptions by the Göktürks and the Uyghurs in ca. the 7th to 13th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Old_Welsh__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Welsh
trans_list: vieux gallois
sense:
The Welsh language as it existed from about 800 until the early twelfth century (when it developed into Middle Welsh), not readily intelligible to modern Welsh speakers.


lexentry: eng/Old_World_flycatcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old World flycatcher
trans_list: gobemouche
sense:
Any of various small birds of the passerine family Muscicapidae, of Africa and Eurasia; a muscicapid.


lexentry: eng/Old_World_monkey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old World monkey
trans_list: singe de l'Ancien Monde
sense:
A member of a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini.


lexentry: eng/Olympiad__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Olympiad
trans_list: olympiade
sense:
(by, _, extension, usually, _, preceded, _) A competition aspiring to the importance of the Olympic Games or considered similar to them, especially one occurring at 4-year intervals, representing a national or international range of amateur student rather than professional adult competition, and/or requiring the highest level of ability in the field for success.


lexentry: eng/Olympian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympian
trans_list: olympien
sense:
(not comparable) Of or relating to Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece; or (Greek mythology) the Greek gods and goddesses who were believed to live there.


lexentry: eng/Olympian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympian
trans_list: olympien | olympienne
sense:
(Greek mythology) Any of the 12 principal gods and goddesses of the Greek pantheon (Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Demeter, and Hades); (specifically) preceded by the: Zeus, the supreme ruler of the Greek deities.


lexentry: eng/Olympic_Games__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Olympic Games
trans_list: Jeux olympiques
sense:
An international multi-sport event (inspired by the ancient festival) taking place every fourth year. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Olympic_Rings__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympic Rings
trans_list: anneaux olympiques
sense:
A symbol consisting of five interlocking colored rings, each one representing a continent that competes in the Olympic Games.


lexentry: eng/Om_Ali__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Om Ali
trans_list: Om Ali
sense:
A traditional Egyptian dessert resembling bread pudding, typically made with layers of puff pastry or phyllo dough, milk, nuts (such as almonds, pistachios, or hazelnuts), and sometimes raisins or coconut. It is baked until golden and served warm, often garnished with additional nuts, powdered sugar, or whipped cream.


lexentry: eng/Ondine's_curse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ondine's curse
trans_list: syndrome d'Ondine
sense:
(disease) A medical condition marked by malfunction of the nerves that control involuntary body functions, causing breathing to require conscious effort and therefore meaning patients will die if they fall asleep.


lexentry: eng/Onega__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Onega
trans_list: lac Onega
sense:
a freshwater lake in the north-west European part of Russia, located on the territory of Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast


lexentry: eng/Oort_Cloud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oort Cloud
trans_list: nuage de Oort
sense:
(astronomy) The Solar System's Oort cloud, extending from 50,000 to 100,000 astronomical units (approximately 1 light year) from the sun; supposedly the source of most comets around the Solar System.


lexentry: eng/Ophiuchus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ophiuchus
trans_list: Serpentaire | Ophiuchus
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A zodiacal constellation of the northern summer said to depict a man (Asclepius) holding a serpent; the serpent is the constellation Serpens.


lexentry: eng/Opium_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Opium War
trans_list: guerre de opium
sense:
(historical) The First Opium War or the Second Opium War, two Anglo-Chinese disputes in the mid-19th century.


lexentry: eng/Orange_Shirt_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orange Shirt Day
trans_list: Jour du chandail orange | Journée du t-shirt orange
sense:
(Canada, politics, memorials) September 30th; A national observance in remembrance of the time of year that Indigenous children were forcibly removed from Native homes to be forced into schools to assimilate into the colonizer's culture and lose their birth culture; and the cultural genocide and deaths of children at the schools, caused by the residential school system. Observers frequently wear orange shirts to stand in solidarity with survivors of the residential schools. First observed in 2013.


lexentry: eng/Orchies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orchies
trans_list: Orchies
sense:
A commune in the département of Nord, in the region of Hauts-de-France, in France, near its border with Belgium.


lexentry: eng/Orcus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orcus
trans_list: Orcus
sense:
(astronomy) A large planetoid (possibly a dwarf planet) and plutino, sometimes referred to as the “anti-Pluto”. Its moon is Vanth.


lexentry: eng/Order_of_Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Order of Australia
trans_list: ordre d'Australie
sense:
(chiefly, Australia, UK) An order of chivalry established for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement. [Established 1975.]


lexentry: eng/Ordinary_Time__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ordinary Time
trans_list: temps ordinaire
sense:
(Christianity) A season of the Christian liturgical calendar, celebrated in two segments: from the Monday following the baptism of Jesus Christ up to Ash Wednesday; and from Pentecost Monday to the first Sunday of Advent.


lexentry: eng/Oriental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Oriental
trans_list: oriental
sense:
Pertaining to the regions east of the Mediterranean, beyond the Roman Empire or the early Christian world; of the Near East, the Middle East or the Far East, now especially relating to East Asia. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/Oriental_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oriental studies
trans_list: orientalisme | orientologie | orientalistique
sense:
(humanities) an academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology


lexentry: eng/Orion's_Belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orion's Belt
trans_list: Baudrier d'Orion | Ceinture d'Orion
sense:
(constellation) A bright asterism located near the celestial equator; it consists of three bright stars lined up and visibly close together. It is part of the constellation Orion and includes the stars Alnitak (ζ Ori), Alnilam (ε Ori), and Mintaka (δ Ori).


lexentry: eng/Orion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orion
trans_list: Orion
sense:
(constellation) A constellation on the celestial equator close to Gemini and Taurus, containing the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel.


lexentry: eng/Orontes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orontes
trans_list: Oronte | Assi
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, about 400 km (250 mi) long, flowing from Lebanon through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Orpheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orpheus
trans_list: Orphée
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Thracian musician and poet, who failed to retrieve his wife Eurydice from Hades.


lexentry: eng/Orphism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orphism
trans_list: orphisme
sense:
(religion, Ancient Greece) A religious movement in antiquity, supposed to have been founded by Orpheus.


lexentry: eng/Orthodox_Judaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orthodox Judaism
trans_list: judaïsme orthodoxe
sense:
The most traditional Rabbinic branch of Judaism, characterized by the belief in the continued relevance and binding nature of the Rabbinic interpretation of Jewish law.


lexentry: eng/Orthodox__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orthodox
trans_list: orthodoxe
sense:
(Christianity, loosely) Of or pertaining to a particular Orthodox Church, usually the Eastern Orthodox Church, sometimes the Oriental Orthodox Church or the Church of the East.


lexentry: eng/Orthodoxy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orthodoxy
trans_list: orthodoxie
sense:
The aggregate of the definitive elements of the Eastern Orthodox Church, such as its faith, worship, theology, and traditions.


lexentry: eng/Orwellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orwellian
trans_list: orwellien
sense:
Resembling the totalitarian political methods decried in the works of writer George Orwell, particularly in the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four; characterized by use of misleading terminology, propaganda, censorship, surveillance and repression. [1950]


lexentry: eng/Ossetia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ossetia
trans_list: Ossétie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The northern part of the region forms North Ossetia-Alania federal subject of Russia. The southern part is South Ossetia.


lexentry: eng/Ostrogoth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ostrogoth
trans_list: Ostrogoth
sense:
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Visigoths being the other), which invaded Italy in the sixth century


lexentry: eng/Other__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Other
trans_list: autre | autrui
sense:
(philosophy, psychoanalysis) Radical alterity or otherness conceived or reified as a separate entity; “other people” altogether in their difference from oneself.


lexentry: eng/Ottoman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ottoman Empire
trans_list: Empire ottoman
sense:
(historical) A large Turkish empire which began as a Turkish sultanate centered in modern Turkey; founded in the late 13th century, it lasted until the end of World War I.


lexentry: eng/Ottoman_Turkish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ottoman Turkish
trans_list: turc osmanli
sense:
The variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Ouija__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ouija
trans_list: Ouija
sense:
(countable) A board, having letters of the alphabet and the words yes and no; used with a planchette during a seance to "communicate" with spirits.


lexentry: eng/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Our Lady of Sorrows
trans_list: Notre-Dame des Douleurs | Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Catholicism) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her grief at the Crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Outer_Mongolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Outer Mongolia
trans_list: Mongolie extérieure
sense:
Mongolia; a region south of Siberia, west of Manchuria and north of Inner Mongolia (with closely related native Mongolian population), well north of the Great Wall, which never became an integral part of the Chinese empire, and later achieved autonomy and full independence of China, as the republic of Mongolia


lexentry: eng/Oval_Office__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oval Office
trans_list: Bureau ovale
sense:
The official office of the President of the United States, located in the West Wing of the White House.


lexentry: eng/Oxford_shoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oxford shoe
trans_list: Richelieu | richelieu
sense:
A type of leather shoe with lacing seamlessly integrated into the vamp, giving it a formal appearance.


lexentry: eng/Oxfordian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oxfordian
trans_list: Oxfordien
sense:
(geology) The age from 163.5±1.0 Ma to 157.3±1.0 Ma or the stage of rocks (chiefly coral-derived limestones) deposited during it.


lexentry: eng/PADS__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PADS
trans_list: PADS | syndrome de dépression post-Avatar
sense:
(fandom, neologism) Initialism of post-Avatar depression syndrome (“a feeling of depression brought upon by watching the 2009 epic science fiction film Avatar or its sequels, as a result of not being able to experience the movie's world in real life”). [from 2010]


lexentry: eng/PETase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PETase
trans_list: PETase
sense:
An enzyme that breaks down polyethylene terephthalate through hydrolysis into mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate


lexentry: eng/PMO__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: PMO
trans_list: CPM
sense:
(government, Canada, Australia, Singapore) Initialism of Prime Minister's Office; The Office of the Prime Minister, composed of the prime minister and his or her top political staff.


lexentry: eng/PMSL__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PMSL
trans_list: ptdr
sense:
(Commonwealth, Internet slang) Initialism of pissing myself laughing. (used to indicate great amusement)


lexentry: eng/PS__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: PS
trans_list: P.S.
sense:
Initialism of post scriptum, postscriptum, postscript. (initialism written at the end of a text as a footnote)


lexentry: eng/PTO__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PTO
trans_list: TSVP
sense:
Initialism of please turn over (written at the end of the text on a page to say that it continues overleaf)


lexentry: eng/PTO__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PTO
trans_list: Office américain des brevets et marques
sense:
Initialism of patent and trademark office. (United States Patent and Trademark Office), usually abbreviated USPTO.


lexentry: eng/P_U__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: P U
trans_list: pouah
sense:
(euphemistic) An interjection in response to smelling an unpleasant scent; an exaggerated pronunciation of pew.


lexentry: eng/Pacific_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific herring
trans_list: hareng
sense:
A species of the herring family native to north Pacific Ocean from Yellow Sea to Baja California; Clupea pallasii.


lexentry: eng/Pacific_saury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific saury
trans_list: balaou
sense:
A species of the saury family native to north Pacific Ocean from Yellow Sea to Gulf of Alaska; Cololabis saira.


lexentry: eng/Pactolus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pactolus
trans_list: Pactole
sense:
A river, formerly an important feature of ancient Lydia and said to contain gold; now rising and emptying in modern Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Paki_shop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paki shop
trans_list: Arabe
sense:
(UK, Ireland, offensive, _, slang, derogatory) A corner shop run by a Pakistani or any other person of South-West and North-West Asian descent.


lexentry: eng/Palace_of_Westminster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palace of Westminster
trans_list: palais de Westminster
sense:
An extensive building on the north bank of the River Thames in London, housing the House of Commons and the House of Lords.


lexentry: eng/Palaic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palaic
trans_list: palaïte
sense:
An extinct Indo-European language belonging to Anatolian branch, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa.


lexentry: eng/Palearctic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palearctic
trans_list: Paléarctique
sense:
(geography, biogeography) One of the major ecozones of the world, covering Europe, the old USSR territories, part of North Africa, and North Asia including the Himalaya foothills.


lexentry: eng/Paleogene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paleogene
trans_list: paléogène
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene epochs from about 65 to 23 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Palermitan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palermitan
trans_list: Palermitain | Palermitaine
sense:
A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of, Palermo on the island of Sicily in Italy.


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestine
sense:
The territory of the current State of Israel, West Bank and Gaza Strip combined, the homeland of the Palestinian people.


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestine
sense:
(historical, technical) A British colonial entity administering approximately the lands mentioned in definition 3.


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestine
sense:
(historical, technical, rare) The British League of Nations Mandate for Palestine, of which this region was a part (the remainder being Transjordan, which covered approximately the lands of the modern Kingdom (originally Emirate) of Jordan).


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestine
sense:
(historical) Any of four Ancient Roman and Byzantine provinces in the eastern Mediterranean: Syria Palaestina, Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda and Palaestina Salutaris.


lexentry: eng/Pali__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pali
trans_list: pali
sense:
A Middle Indo-Aryan language of north India, closely related to Sanskrit; the sacred language of the Buddhist scriptures. [from 1690s]


lexentry: eng/Pallas's_leaf_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pallas's leaf warbler
trans_list: pouillot de Pallas
sense:
Phylloscopus proregulus, a leaf warbler that breeds in mountain forests from southern Siberia east to northern Mongolia and northeast China.


lexentry: eng/Pan-American__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pan-American
trans_list: panaméricain
sense:
Covering or representing all of the Americas (both North America and South America), particularly with respect to events involving representatives of most or all countries in the Americas.


lexentry: eng/Pan-Scandinavianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pan-Scandinavianism
trans_list: scandinavisme
sense:
(chiefly, historical) A movement aimed at uniting the Scandinavian peoples into a single country; Scandinavian nationalism.


lexentry: eng/Pan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pan
trans_list: Pan
sense:
(Greek god) Greek god of nature, often visualized as half goat and half man playing pipes. His Roman counterpart is Faunus.


lexentry: eng/Panathenaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panathenaea
trans_list: Panathénées
sense:
(Ancient Greece, historical) A festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city's patron goddess Athena, involving animal sacrifices, a grand procession, and, every fourth year, athletic and musical contests.


lexentry: eng/Panchen_Lama__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panchen Lama
trans_list: Panchen-lama
sense:
(Tibetan Buddhism) The second-highest-ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama.


lexentry: eng/Pandora__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pandora
trans_list: Pandore
sense:
(Greek mythology) The first woman on earth, who had been given a box by the gods and instructed not to open it, but who disobeyed the instructions out of curiosity, releasing all manner of evils into the world.


lexentry: eng/Pangaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pangaea
trans_list: Pangée
sense:
(geology) A supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic period and that broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana.


lexentry: eng/Panzerfaust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panzerfaust
trans_list: Panzerfaust
sense:
A light, single-shot anti-tank grenade launcher developed in Germany in the latter stages of the Second World War.


lexentry: eng/Pap_smear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pap smear
trans_list: frottis
sense:
(chiefly, gynaecology) A screening test meant to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells by taking a sample (‘smear’) of cells from the cervix.


lexentry: eng/Pap_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pap test
trans_list: test de Papanicolaou
sense:
(gynaecology) A screening test to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells by taking a sample ('smear') of cells from the cervix.


lexentry: eng/Papal_States__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Papal States
trans_list: États pontificaux
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError that existed until 1870, comprising the territories of Italy over which the pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense.


lexentry: eng/Papua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Papua
trans_list: Papouasie
sense:
The southern part of what is now called Papua New Guinea, formerly administered as a separate territory to New Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Paracelsus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paracelsus
trans_list: Paracelse
sense:
The adopted name of Philippus von Hohenheim, a Swiss thinker of the 16th century known for his pioneering scientific work and his research into the occult and alchemy.


lexentry: eng/Paraclete__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paraclete
trans_list: Paraclet
sense:
(Christianity) The Holy Spirit, the Holy Ghost, especially in its role as comforter of the faithful.


lexentry: eng/Paralympic_Games__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paralympic Games
trans_list: Jeux paralympiques
sense:
An international sports competition participated in by sportspeople with physical disabilities, which is held every four years as a counterpart of the Olympic Games and nowadays at the same venue.


lexentry: eng/Paralympics__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paralympics
trans_list: Paralympiques
sense:
(sports) Synonym of Paralympic Games (“an international sports competition participated in by sportspeople with physical disabilities, which is held every four years as a counterpart of the Olympic Games and nowadays at the same venue”)


lexentry: eng/Pareto_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pareto principle
trans_list: principe
sense:
The principle that describes the phenomenon wherein a small percentage of a population accounts for a large proportion of a particular characteristic of that population.


lexentry: eng/Paris_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paris syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Paris
sense:
An alleged transient psychological disorder encountered by some people visiting or vacationing in Paris, France, resulting from shock at their discovery that Paris is not what they had expected it to be.


lexentry: eng/Parkinson's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parkinson's disease
trans_list: maladie de Parkinson
sense:
(neurology, disease) A chronic neurological disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremor, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), cogwheel or lead-pipe rigidity, and postural instability.


lexentry: eng/Parmenides__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parmenides
trans_list: Parménide
sense:
An Ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, in southern Italy. Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy.


lexentry: eng/Parramatta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Parramatta
trans_list: Parramatta | Rivière Parramatta
sense:
The Parramatta River, TemplateParserError:LuaError, flowing through the suburb and into Sydney Harbour.


lexentry: eng/Parthenon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parthenon
trans_list: Parthénon
sense:
An ancient temple to Athena and monument in the city of Athens. It is a symbol of Greek achievement in the arts and of Athenian democracy.


lexentry: eng/Parthia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Parthia
trans_list: Parthie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; The empire ruled by dynasts from Parthia; Parthian Empire; Arsacid Empire.


lexentry: eng/Parthian_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parthian Empire
trans_list: Empire parthe
sense:
(historical) An ancient empire of Western Asia founded as a kingdom by Arsaces I with his 3rd-century-BCE conquest of Parthia (only recently a satrapy of the Seleucid Empire) and subsequently greatly expanded by Mithridates I.


lexentry: eng/Parti_Quebecois__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parti Quebecois
trans_list: Parti Québécois
sense:
(Canadian politics) A provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, with the central goal of some form of political independence or sovereignty for Quebec.


lexentry: eng/Pascal's_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pascal's triangle
trans_list: triangle de Pascal
sense:
(mathematics) A geometric representation of the binomial coefficients in a triangle, each entry being the sum of the two entries above.


lexentry: eng/Pascal's_wager__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pascal's wager
trans_list: pari de Pascal
sense:
(religion) An argument for theism (and specifically Christianity, according to the writer) maintaining that belief in the divine ensures happiness in this life and offers the possibility of eternal happiness (should God or divine beings exist), whereas atheism, even if it brings happiness in this life, offers no hope of eternal happiness and carries the risk of eternal damnation.


lexentry: eng/Paschal_Lamb__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Paschal Lamb
trans_list: agneau pascal
sense:
(heraldiccharge) A lamb depicted with nimbus and bearing a flag (usually St. George's cross: argent a cross gules).


lexentry: eng/Pasithea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pasithea
trans_list: Pasithéa | Pasithée
sense:
(Greek god) One of the Charites; she is the goddess and personification of relaxation, meditation and hallucinations. She is the wife of Hypnos and the mother of the Oneiroi.


lexentry: eng/Passover__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Passover
trans_list: Pâque | Pessah
sense:
The one-day Biblical feast or festival (not a holy day) that begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month (Nisan 14), which is then immediately followed by the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15 to 21; the first and seventh days are holy days or annual Sabbaths).


lexentry: eng/Pastafarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pastafarianism
trans_list: pastafarisme
sense:
A parody religion centered around the Flying Spaghetti Monster, a creator deity who resembles spaghetti and meatballs.


lexentry: eng/Patriot__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Patriot
trans_list: Patriote
sense:
(Canada, historical) Synonym of Patriote (A devolution-of-power supporter in Lower Canada during the Canadian Rebellions of 1837-1838 (Patriots' War).)


lexentry: eng/Patriote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Patriote
trans_list: Patriote
sense:
(Canada) Patriot (one of the devolution-of-power supporters in Lower Canada during the Canadian Rebellions of 1837-1838 (Patriots' War))


lexentry: eng/Pauli_exclusion_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pauli exclusion principle
trans_list: principe d'exclusion de Pauli
sense:
(physics) A principle in quantum mechanics that states that no two identical fermions may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.


lexentry: eng/Pavlovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pavlovian
trans_list: pavlovien | pavlovienne
sense:
Of or relating to the theories of the Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, especially those related to behavioral conditioning.


lexentry: eng/Pavo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pavo
trans_list: Paon
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a peacock. It lies between the constellations Telescopium and Octans.


lexentry: eng/Pax_Americana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pax Americana
trans_list: pax americana
sense:
The period of relative peace in the Western world since the end of World War II in 1945, coinciding with the military and economic dominance of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Pegasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pegasus
trans_list: Pégase
sense:
(Greek mythology) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the blood of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. Bellerophon tamed and rode upon Pegasus when he defeated the Chimaera.


lexentry: eng/Pegasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pegasus
trans_list: Pégase
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky, near the vernal equinoctial point, representing the winged horse. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the asterism of the Great Square of Pegasus.


lexentry: eng/Peking_opera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peking opera
trans_list: opéra de Beijing | opéra de Pékin
sense:
(music genre) A form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics.


lexentry: eng/Pelagianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pelagianism
trans_list: pélagianisme
sense:
(Christianity) A Christian belief that denies the view of original sin and the necessity of grace, asserting that man is capable of achieving salvation by his own efforts.


lexentry: eng/Peloponnese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peloponnese
trans_list: Péloponnèse
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, separated from mainland Europe by the Gulf of Corinth and connected to it by the Isthmus of Corinth.


lexentry: eng/Pennsylvania_Dutch__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pennsylvania Dutch
trans_list: allemand pennsylvanien
sense:
(uncountable) Their language, Pennsylvania German, a High German language descended from Palatine German.


lexentry: eng/Pennsylvania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pennsylvania
trans_list: Pennsylvanie
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, which grew progressively larger before becoming the present state.


lexentry: eng/Pennsylvanian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pennsylvanian
trans_list: pennsylvanien
sense:
(geology) Of any of the three geologic epochs (lower, middle and upper) within the Carboniferous period from 318 to 299 million years ago; marked by a high oxygen atmosphere and the rise of reptiles and winged insects.


lexentry: eng/Pentelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pentelic
trans_list: pentélique
sense:
Of or relating to Mount Pentelicus (Penteliko Mountain), near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries.


lexentry: eng/People's_Liberation_Army__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: People's Liberation Army
trans_list: Armée populaire de libération
sense:
(military) People's Liberation Army Ground Force, the army branch of the military arm of the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/Periclean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Periclean
trans_list: péricléen
sense:
Of or relating to Pericles, an Ancient Greek politician, or to the golden age of art and literature in Athens.


lexentry: eng/Perioikoi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perioikoi
trans_list: périèques
sense:
The ancient inhabitants of Laconia who were free residents of the mountains and the beaches of Laconia.


lexentry: eng/Peronism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peronism
trans_list: péronisme
sense:
(politics) The eclectic political ideology attributed to the former Argentine leaders Juan Perón and Eva Duarte de Perón, combining populism, nationalism and state intervention, but originally chiefly centred on their personalities.


lexentry: eng/Perseid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perseid
trans_list: Perséides
sense:
(astronomy) Any of the meteors in a meteor shower that appears to come from the constellation Perseus.


lexentry: eng/Persephone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Persephone
trans_list: Perséphone
sense:
(Greek god) A minor deity, the queen of the Underworld/Hades, and goddess of the seasons and vegetation. Originally named Kore/Core, she is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter; and the wife of Hades. Her Roman counterpart is Proserpina.


lexentry: eng/Perseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perseus
trans_list: Persée
sense:
(Greek mythology) The mythological Greek warrior who slew the Gorgon Medusa by decapitating her. He married Andromeda after rescuing her from Ceto and founded Mycenae. He was the son of Zeus and Danae.


lexentry: eng/Perseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Perseus
trans_list: Persée
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It includes the stars Algenib, Algol, and Mirfak.


lexentry: eng/Persia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Persia
trans_list: Perse
sense:
Persia proper (Persis), the land of the ancient Persians, corresponding to modern-day Fars province in southwestern Iran.


lexentry: eng/Persian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Persian
trans_list: persan
sense:
(uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.


lexentry: eng/Pest__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pest
trans_list: peste
sense:
(historical) One of the originally three separate cities that were united in 1873 to become the Hungarian capital, Budapest.


lexentry: eng/Peter_Pan_syndrome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peter Pan syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Peter Pan
sense:
(idiomatic) The supposed psychological phenomenon of immaturity among some men, who, like the fictional character, remain childish and fail to assume appropriate adult social roles and responsibilities.


lexentry: eng/Peter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Peter
trans_list: Pierre | P
sense:
(biblical) The epistles of Peter in the New Testament of the Bible, 1 Peter and 2 Peter attributed to St. Peter.


lexentry: eng/Petrarchan_sonnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Petrarchan sonnet
trans_list: sonnet italien | sonnet pétrarquien | sonnet pétrarquiste
sense:
(poetry) A sonnet comprising an octet and a closing sestet, following the rhyme scheme of either abba abba cde cde or abba abba cd cd cd or abba abba cce dde or abba abba cdd cee.


lexentry: eng/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
trans_list: Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski
sense:
A city in the far East of Russia, administrative centre of Kamchatka kray, also called Petropavlovsk


lexentry: eng/Pharisee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pharisee
trans_list: pharisien
sense:
(historical) A member of an ancient Jewish political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 B.C.E.–70 C.E.). The movement was ultimately the basis for most contemporary forms of Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Phaëthon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phaëthon
trans_list: Phaéthon | Phaéton
sense:
(Greek mythology) the son of the sun god Helios who was killed by Zeus while trying to drive his father's chariot across the sky


lexentry: eng/Philemon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philemon
trans_list: Philémon | Épître à Philémon
sense:
The eighteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to a fellow Christian called Philemon.


lexentry: eng/Philippians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philippians
trans_list: Philippiens
sense:
(biblical) The eleventh book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Philippians.


lexentry: eng/Philippine_eagle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philippine eagle
trans_list: aigle des singes
sense:
Pithecophaga jefferyi, a species of eagle endemic to forests in the Philippines that has brown and white-coloured plumage, and a shaggy crest.


lexentry: eng/Philistine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philistine
trans_list: Philistin | Philistine
sense:
(historical) A non-Semitic person from ancient Philistia, a region in the southwest Levant in the Middle East.


lexentry: eng/Phillips_screwdriver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phillips screwdriver
trans_list: tournevis cruciforme
sense:
A screwdriver having a cross-shaped tip rather than the rectangular tip of a standard (flat-blade) screwdriver.


lexentry: eng/Phoenicia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phoenicia
trans_list: Phénicie
sense:
The land of city states of the Phoenicians which around 1000 BC was situated on the coast of present day Syria and Lebanon, and included the cities of Tyre and Sidon.


lexentry: eng/Phoenix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Phoenix
trans_list: Phénix | Phoenix
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the mythical bird. It lies north of Tucana.


lexentry: eng/Phoenix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Phoenix
trans_list: Phoenix
sense:
(Greek mythology) A character in the Iliad and father of Adonis in Greek mythology or a different character in Greek mythology, brother of Europa and Cadmus.


lexentry: eng/Phoney_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phoney War
trans_list: drôle de guerre
sense:
(historical) During World War Two, the period of limited military activity from the outbreak of hostilities on September 3rd, 1939 until Germany's attack on the Low Countries on May 10th, 1940.


lexentry: eng/Phosphorus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Phosphorus
trans_list: Vénus
sense:
An Ancient Greek name for the morning star (the planet Venus when it is visible in the eastern sky before sunrise).


lexentry: eng/Phrixus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrixus
trans_list: Phryxus
sense:
(Greek mythology) Son of Athamas and brother of Helle, with whom he fled to Colchis on a golden winged ram.


lexentry: eng/Phrygia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrygia
trans_list: Phrygie
sense:
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Phrygian_cap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrygian cap
trans_list: bonnet phrygien
sense:
(Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece) A soft, close-fitting cap represented in Greek and Roman art as worn by Orientals, assumed to have been conical in shape, with the top bent forward.


lexentry: eng/Piagetian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piagetian
trans_list: piagétien
sense:
Of or relating to Jean Piaget (1896–1980), Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his cognitive studies with children.


lexentry: eng/Piarist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piarist
trans_list: piariste
sense:
A member of the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, a Catholic educational order founded in the sixteenth century.


lexentry: eng/Picard__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Picard
trans_list: Picard
sense:
(historical) A member of an Adamite sect of the sixteenth century and earlier, in the Flemish Netherlands and in Bohemia.


lexentry: eng/Pictor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pictor
trans_list: Peintre
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an easel. It lies between the constellations Carina and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/Pied_Piper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pied Piper
trans_list: Joueur de flûte de Hamelin
sense:
A folk tale or legend, dating back to the Middle Ages, about a rat-catcher in variegated attire, hired by the German town of Hamelin, who is not paid for his services and retaliates by luring away the local children by playing a flute.


lexentry: eng/Piedmont__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Piedmont
trans_list: Piémont
sense:
The region of the eastern US between the Appalachian mountains and the coastal plain, extending from eastern Alabama to northern New Jersey.


lexentry: eng/Pierrot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pierrot
trans_list: Pierrot
sense:
A character from French pantomime; a buffoon in a loose white outfit; a popular choice for a masquerade costume.


lexentry: eng/Pijin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pijin
trans_list: Pijin
sense:
In full Solomon Islands Pijin, Solomon Pijin, or Solomons Pijin: a language spoken on the Solomon Islands, which is a form of Melanesian Pidgin.


lexentry: eng/Pikachu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pikachu
trans_list: Pikachu
sense:
(ACG, video games, anime, manga) A small yellow rodent-like Pokémon species that has red cheeks and a tail shaped like a lightning bolt, and has electricity-related powers.


lexentry: eng/Pilate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pilate
trans_list: Pilate
sense:
(biblical character) Pontius Pilate, the man who, according to the Bible, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Pillars_of_Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pillars of Hercules
trans_list: Colonnes d'Hercule
sense:
(historical) The two promontories at the Strait of Gibraltar, and thus the western limit of the Mediterranean world.


lexentry: eng/Piltdown_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piltdown Man
trans_list: homme de Piltdown
sense:
(taxonomy) A supposed early human theorized from bone fragments said to have been found in a gravel pit in Piltdown, England, in 1912, but later identified as a forgery.


lexentry: eng/Pinocchio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pinocchio
trans_list: Pinocchio
sense:
The fictional boy made from wood whose nose gets longer with each lie he tells, protagonist of the story The Adventures of Pinocchio (1881–1883) by Carlo Collodi.


lexentry: eng/Pinyin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pinyin
trans_list: pinyin
sense:
A system of romanization for Standard Mandarin, used in the People’s Republic of China, and more recently in other Mandarin Chinese-speaking areas as well. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Pippi_Longstocking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pippi Longstocking
trans_list: Fifi Brindacier
sense:
A person, especially a girl or woman, with long or flamboyant red hair, especially in pigtails or parted down the middle, and prominent freckles.


lexentry: eng/Piraeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piraeus
trans_list: Le Pirée
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, part of Athens agglomeration, the chief port of Athens, located on the Saronic Gulf.


lexentry: eng/Pirandellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pirandellian
trans_list: pirandellien
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the works of Luigi Pirandello (1867–1936), Italian dramatist and poet; especially describing drama in which actors become inseparable and indistinct from the characters that they play.


lexentry: eng/Pisces__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pisces
trans_list: Poissons
sense:
(zodiac constellations, astrology) The Fish, a Greco-Roman constellation of the zodiac named for its presumed resemblance to a pair of fish and supposed to be ruled by Neptune and to influence events occurring between February 20 and March 20 (tropical) or, less often, between March 15 and April 14 (sidereal).


lexentry: eng/Piscis_Austrinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piscis Austrinus
trans_list: Poisson austral
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a fish. It contains the star Fomalhaut.


lexentry: eng/Plains_of_Abraham__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Plains of Abraham
trans_list: Plaines d'Abraham
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a riverside plain atop the escarpment at the edge of the Saint-Lawrence River


lexentry: eng/Plains_of_Abraham__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Plains of Abraham
trans_list: Bataille des [[Plaines d'Abraham]]
sense:
Ellipsis of Battle of the Plains of Abraham., an 1759 battle that resulted in the change in sovereignty of the colonial province of Canada, New France, from the French Crown to the British Crown; becoming the colonial province of Quebec, British North America (later the British colonial province of Canada, thence Dominion of Canada)


lexentry: eng/Planalto_slaty_antshrike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Planalto slaty antshrike
trans_list: batara du Plano Alto
sense:
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus pelzelni (syn. Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni)


lexentry: eng/Planck's_constant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Planck's constant
trans_list: constante de Planck
sense:
(quantum mechanics) the constant of proportionality (symbol ℎ), relating the energy and frequency of a photon (6.626×10−34 joule-second); also related to the indeterminacy limit in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle; the quantum of action


lexentry: eng/Planet_X__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Planet X
trans_list: planète X
sense:
(astronomy) A hypothetical planet in the Solar system, beyond the currently known outermost planet. (The term was applied to Eris for a short while, when Pluto was still considered the ninth planet.)


lexentry: eng/Platonic_solid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Platonic solid
trans_list: solide de Platon
sense:
(geometry) Any of five convex polyhedra with congruent regular polygonal faces, which have a high degree of symmetry and have been studied since antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Pleiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pleiades
trans_list: Pléiades
sense:
(Greek god) The "seven sisters", companions of Artemis and daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione.


lexentry: eng/Pleiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pleiades
trans_list: Pléiades
sense:
(astronomy) An open cluster of hot blue stars in the constellation Taurus, and the most easily visible such cluster from Earth.


lexentry: eng/Plutarch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Plutarch
trans_list: Plutarque
sense:
The classical historian and essayist Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (46-120 C.E.). Often used as a byword for a biographer, to suggest that the writer is especially skilled or has other attributes associated with Plutarch.


lexentry: eng/Pluto__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pluto
trans_list: Pluton
sense:
(astronomy) The largest dwarf planet and formerly the ninth planet, represented by the symbol ♇ or ⯓, both now used mostly in astrology. [from 1930]


lexentry: eng/Plutonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Plutonian
trans_list: plutonien | plutonique
sense:
(by extension, geology, historical) Synonym of plutonic (“of, pertaining to, or supporting plutonism, the theory that the rocks of the Earth were formed in fire by volcanic activity, with a continuing gradual process of weathering and erosion, then deposited on the sea bed, re-formed into layers of sedimentary rock by heat and pressure, and raised again”)


lexentry: eng/Plutonic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Plutonic
trans_list: profond
sense:
(by extension, geology, mineralogy) Of or pertaining to rocks formed deep in the Earth's crust, rather than by volcanoes at the surface of the Earth.


lexentry: eng/Pluviôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pluviôse
trans_list: pluviôse
sense:
(historical) The fifth month of the French Republican Calendar, from January 20, 21 or 22 to February 18, 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Pnyx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pnyx
trans_list: Pnyx
sense:
(Ancient Greece, historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError west of the Acropolis with a stone platform and steps set into its side, which was used as the meeting place of the democratic assembly in Ancient Greece.


lexentry: eng/Polari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polari
trans_list: polari
sense:
A cant used in the London fishmarkets, in the British theatre, and by the gay community in Britain, attested since at least the 19th century and popularised in the 1950s and 1960s by the camp characters Julian and Sandy in the popular BBC radio show Round the Horne.


lexentry: eng/Polaris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polaris
trans_list: Étoile polaire
sense:
(star) α Ursae Minoris, a trinary star in the constellation Ursa Minor located near the north celestial pole for the last 1500 years.


lexentry: eng/Polish_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish People's Republic
trans_list: République populaire de Pologne
sense:
(historical) A Marxist-Leninist country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, the predecessor of the current Republic of Poland.


lexentry: eng/Polish_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish notation
trans_list: notation polonaise
sense:
(arithmetic, logic) A notation for arithmetic (and logical) formulae in which operations (respectively, quantifiers and operands) are written immediately before their operands, used to avoid the need for parentheses; for example, 3 * (4 + 7) is written as * 3 + 4 7 and A AND B is written as AND A B.


lexentry: eng/Polish_plait__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish plait
trans_list: plique polonaise
sense:
(now, possibly, offensive) A medical condition resulting from deficient hair care in which the uncombed hair becomes irreversibly entangled, forming a matted mass, which can become malodorous and encrusted or sticky.


lexentry: eng/Polish_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish studies
trans_list: polonistique
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Polish language, Polish linguistics, and Polish sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Polonize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polonize
trans_list: poloniser
sense:
(transitive) To make Polish as to custom, culture, language, or style; to adapt to the norms of the Republic of Poland.


lexentry: eng/Ponzi_scheme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ponzi scheme
trans_list: pyramide de Ponzi | système de Ponzi
sense:
A fraudulent scheme where earlier investors are paid with the money taken from new investors, giving the impression that the scheme is a viable investment.


lexentry: eng/Popemobile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Popemobile
trans_list: papamobile
sense:
(informal) Any of various vehicles with bulletproof glass sides used to transport the Pope through crowds safely while allowing an open view.


lexentry: eng/Portuguese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portuguese
trans_list: portugais | Portugais
sense:
A Romance language originating in Portugal, and now the official language of Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guiné Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Cape Verde, East Timor, and Brazil.


lexentry: eng/Portuguese_man-of-war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portuguese man-of-war
trans_list: galère portugaise | physalie | vessie de mer
sense:
Physalia physalis, a marine cnidarian consisting of a floating colony of hydrozoans attached to a float, superficially resembling a jellyfish.


lexentry: eng/Portuguese_oak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portuguese oak
trans_list: chêne portugais | chêne du Portugal
sense:
A species of oak, Quercus faginea, native to the western Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.


lexentry: eng/Poseidon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Poseidon
trans_list: Poséidon
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the sea and other waters, earthquakes and horses; corresponds to the Roman god Neptune.


lexentry: eng/Praetorian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Praetorian
trans_list: prétorien
sense:
(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of a special bodyguard force used by Roman emperors, their symbol being the scorpion.


lexentry: eng/Prakrit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prakrit
trans_list: prakrit
sense:
Any one of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages, all derived from dialects of Old Indo-Aryan languages. [from 1766]


lexentry: eng/Priapus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Priapus
trans_list: Priape
sense:
(Greek god) The son of Aphrodite and Dionysus, god of procreation, and guardian of gardens and vineyards; personification of the phallus.


lexentry: eng/Pride_Month__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pride Month
trans_list: mois de la fierté | mois des fiertés | pride
sense:
(US) The month of June, declared for LGBT pride in commemoration of the Stonewall riots of June 1969.


lexentry: eng/Primat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Primat
trans_list: primate
sense:
A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 27 liters, equivalent to 36 standard bottles.


lexentry: eng/Prince_Charming__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Prince Charming
trans_list: prince charmant
sense:
(by extension) A heterosexual woman's prototypical ideal romantic partner, especially but not necessarily if he embodies common characteristics of the fictional princes, such as being courageous or chivalrous.


lexentry: eng/Prince_Edward_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Prince Edward Island
trans_list: Île-du-Prince-Édouard
sense:
an island in the subantarctic Indian Ocean, part of the Prince Edward Islands, under the care and protection of South African Environmental Management


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Procope
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Saint Procopius, an early Christian martyr of the 3rd century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Procope
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius, a Roman imperial usurper of the 4th century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Procope
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius of Caesarea, a Byzantine Greek historian of the 6th century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procrustes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Procrustes
trans_list: Procruste
sense:
(Greek mythology) A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut off their legs to adapt them to its length.


lexentry: eng/Procyon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Procyon
trans_list: Procyon
sense:
(star) A star in the constellation Canis Minor; Alpha (α) Canis Minoris. The eighth brightest star in the night sky.


lexentry: eng/Produnova__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Produnova
trans_list: Produnova | saut Produnova
sense:
(gymnastics) a vault on the vaulting horse or vaulting table that starts with a front handspring off the gymnastics horse leading to two-and-a-half somersaults in the air, and then landing on their feet. (a three-point landing with the butt and feet is considered a fall)


lexentry: eng/Progressive_Conservative_Party__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Progressive Conservative Party
trans_list: Parti progressiste-conservateur
sense:
(Canada, politics) a political party in Canada with a right of centre ideology, which succeed the old Conservative Party of Canada, Liberal-Conservative Party of Canada, Blue Party and absorbed the Progressive Party of Canada. It was itself succeeded by the new Conservative Party of Canada.


lexentry: eng/Prohibition__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prohibition
trans_list: Prohibition
sense:
(history) Any of several periods during which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages were restricted or illegal.


lexentry: eng/Promethean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promethean
trans_list: prométhéen
sense:
Of or pertaining to Prometheus, a demigod in Greek mythology who created mortals from clay and stole fire from Zeus to give to them, for which Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock and having an eagle feed on his liver which grew back each night; he was later rescued by Heracles.


lexentry: eng/Prometheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Prometheus
trans_list: Prométhée
sense:
(Greek god) The Titan chiefly honored for stealing fire from Zeus in the stalk of a fennel plant and giving it to mortals for their use. The god of fire and craft.


lexentry: eng/Promised_Land__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promised Land
trans_list: terre promise
sense:
(idiomatic, sometimes, lower case) Any place to which one eagerly seeks to go and which one expects to greatly improve one's situation.


lexentry: eng/Promised_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promised Land
trans_list: Terre Promise | Terre promise
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity) The area historically known as Judea, which was promised to the Israelites by God according to oral tradition recorded in the Book of Genesis.


lexentry: eng/Proterozoic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proterozoic
trans_list: protérozoïque
sense:
(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma, the beginning of the Phanerozoic, marked by the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere and the emergence of primitive multicellular life.


lexentry: eng/Protestant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Protestant
trans_list: protestant
sense:
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to several denominations of Christianity that separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation.


lexentry: eng/Protestant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Protestant
trans_list: protestant | protestante
sense:
(Christianity) A member of any of several Christian denominations which separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation (or in some cases later).


lexentry: eng/Proto-Altaic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Altaic
trans_list: proto-altaïque
sense:
The hypothetical prehistoric ancestor of all Altaic languages, the existence of which is now often rejected.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Greek
trans_list: proto-grec | proto-hellénique
sense:
The earliest form of the Greek language, the common ancestor of the Greek dialects, including Mycenaean and the classical Greek dialects; the language was already spoken by the ancestors of the Greeks in the Balkans (i.e. Greece) during the Neolithic period or the Bronze Age.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Indo-European__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Indo-European
trans_list: indoeuropéen | indo-européen commun
sense:
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Indo-European__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Indo-European
trans_list: indo-européen commun | indoeuropéen
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Indo-Iranian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Indo-Iranian
trans_list: proto-indo-iranien
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Indo-Aryan languages, the Iranian languages, the Dardic languages and the Nuristani languages.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Japonic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Japonic
trans_list: proto-japonique
sense:
(linguistics) The hypothetical ancestral language of both modern Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Koreanic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Koreanic
trans_list: proto-coréanique | proto-coréen
sense:
(linguistics) A hypothetical proto-language from which Korean, Jeju, Baekje, and all the other Koreanic languages and varieties later emerged.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Norse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Norse
trans_list: proto-norrois
sense:
An Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia and ancestral to Old Norse that evolved from Proto-Germanic over the first centuries AD.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Slavic
trans_list: proto-slave
sense:
(linguistics) A hypothetical, reconstructed language whence all the Slavic languages later descended.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Turkic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Turkic
trans_list: proto-turc | proto-turcique
sense:
A hypothetical proto-language from which Old Turkic and all the other Turkic languages later emerged.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Uralic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Uralic
trans_list: proto-ouralien
sense:
The ancestor language of the Uralic language family, usually written with the UPA-transcription system.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Yeniseian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Yeniseian
trans_list: Proto-ienisseïenne | proto-ienisseïen
sense:
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Yeniseian language, or the people who spoke it.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Yeniseian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Yeniseian
trans_list: proto-ienisseïen
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Yeniseian languages spoken in central Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Proxima_Centauri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proxima Centauri
trans_list: Alpha Centauri C | Proxima Centauri | Proxima du Centaure
sense:
(star) A red dwarf star, part of the Alpha Centauri system and the nearest star to Earth's solar system.


lexentry: eng/Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Prussia
trans_list: Prusse
sense:
(historical) A German province which was originally located in this area but later greatly expanded, and which was the predecessor to and a member of the German Empire; abolished as an administrative unit at the end of the Second World War.


lexentry: eng/Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Prussia
trans_list: Prusse
sense:
(countable) A country known for exceptional military professionalism in her region. Historically used for Bulgaria as the "Prussia of the Balkans".


lexentry: eng/Psyche__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Psyche
trans_list: Psyché
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) The personification of the soul. Originally a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid, (the god of love), was deified, and bore him a daughter, Hedone/Voluptas.


lexentry: eng/Ptolemaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ptolemaic
trans_list: ptolémaïque
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Ptolemy dynasty of pharaohs, the Ptolemies, rulers of Hellenistic Egypt.


lexentry: eng/Punjab__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Punjab
trans_list: Pendjab | Penjab
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError which has union territory Chandigarh as its capital; its biggest city is Ludhiana.


lexentry: eng/Punjabi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punjabi
trans_list: pendjabi | penjabi
sense:
Of, pertaining to, descended from the people or culture of the Punjab, or written in the Punjabi language.


lexentry: eng/Punjabi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punjabi
trans_list: pendjabi | panjâbî
sense:
(uncountable) The main language spoken in the Punjab region, in eastern Pakistan and Northern India.


lexentry: eng/Puppis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Puppis
trans_list: Poupe
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the stern of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Purgatory__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Purgatory
trans_list: purgatoire
sense:
(Christianity) An intermediate state after death in which some of those ultimately destined for Heaven must first undergo purification prior to entering Heaven.


lexentry: eng/Purim__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Purim
trans_list: Pourim
sense:
(Judaism) A Jewish festival, celebrated on the 14th day of Adar, commemorating the deliverance of the Persian Jews from a complete massacre at the hand of Haman the Amalekite.


lexentry: eng/Pushkinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pushkinian
trans_list: pouchkinien
sense:
Of or relating to Alexander Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин, 1799–1837), Russian author of the Romantic era.


lexentry: eng/Puss_in_Boots__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Puss in Boots
trans_list: chat botté
sense:
A 17th-century French literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master.


lexentry: eng/Putinesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Putinesque
trans_list: poutinesque
sense:
Reminiscent of the beliefs or policies of Vladimir Putin (born 1952), President of Russia since 2012.


lexentry: eng/Putinism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Putinism
trans_list: poutinisme
sense:
(politics) The political policies of Vladimir Putin; the Russian political system during Putin’s tenure in power.


lexentry: eng/Putonghua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Putonghua
trans_list: putonghua
sense:
Standard Mandarin, the official language of the People's Republic of China; the state-designated national speech of the Han nationality using Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, Beijing speech as the basic dialect, and the model writing of the modern vernacular prose as the norm for grammar.


lexentry: eng/Pyrenean_chamois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrenean chamois
trans_list: isard
sense:
Rupicapra pyrenaica, a goat-antelope that lives in the Pyrenees and the Apennine Mountains of central Italy.


lexentry: eng/Pyrenees__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrenees
trans_list: Pyrénées
sense:
The mountain range separating Spain from France, inhabited by Basques in the west, Occitans in the centre-north, Aragonese in the centre-south, and Catalans in the east.


lexentry: eng/Pyrrhic_victory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrrhic victory
trans_list: victoire à la Pyrrhus
sense:
A very costly victory, wherein the considerable losses outweigh the gain, so as to render the struggle not worth the cost.


lexentry: eng/Pyrrhus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrrhus
trans_list: Pyrrhus
sense:
Ancient Greek given name, particularly worn by the king of Epirus (319-272 BC) who defeated Romans in several battles, but sustained heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined.


lexentry: eng/Pythagorean_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pythagorean theorem
trans_list: théorème de Pythagore
sense:
(geometry) A mathematical theorem which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of those of the two other sides.


lexentry: eng/Python__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Python
trans_list: Python
sense:
(computing) An interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language invented by Guido van Rossum.


lexentry: eng/Pyxis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyxis
trans_list: Boussole
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the compass of a ship. It is associated with the larger Argo Navis, although it was never officially part of that constellation.


lexentry: eng/QAnon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: QAnon
trans_list: QAnon
sense:
(US politics) An anonymous poster on the Internet message boards 4chan, 8chan and 8kun, claiming to possess Q clearance, who originated a pro-Trump conspiracy theory claiming that Donald Trump is working against a cabal of Satanic, cannibalistic pedophiles comprised of his political opponents.


lexentry: eng/QPP__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: QPP
trans_list: SQ
sense:
(law enforcement, Canada, uncountable) Initialism of Quebec Provincial Police (Sûreté du Québec); the police force of the Canadian province of Quebec..


lexentry: eng/Q_fever__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Q fever
trans_list: fièvre Q
sense:
An infectious disease, resembling influenza, caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii (previously classified as Rickettsia burnetii).


lexentry: eng/Qadarite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Qadarite
trans_list: cadarien
sense:
A member of the Qadariyya, an early Islamic movement which held that man was endowed by God with free will.


lexentry: eng/Quaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quaker
trans_list: quaker
sense:
A believer of the Quaker faith and a member of the Society of Friends, known for their pacifist views.


lexentry: eng/Quakerism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quakerism
trans_list: quakerisme
sense:
The belief system of the members of the Religious Society of Friends, an ostensibly Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/Quaternary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quaternary
trans_list: quaternaire
sense:
(geology) The geological period of the Cenozoic Era immediately following the Tertiary. It is subdivided into the Pleistocene and the Holocene Epochs.


lexentry: eng/Quebecism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Quebecism
trans_list: québécisme
sense:
(countable) A word or phrase of Quebec; one originating there, or only used there, or having special meaning there.


lexentry: eng/Queen_of_Heaven__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Queen of Heaven
trans_list: Reine du Ciel
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Catholicism) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as queen of Heaven.


lexentry: eng/Quetzalcoatl__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quetzalcoatl
trans_list: Quetzalcóatl
sense:
The Aztec name for the Feathered-Serpent deity of ancient Mesoamerica, one of the main gods of many Mexican and northern Central American civilizations.


lexentry: eng/Quidditch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quidditch
trans_list: quidditch
sense:
A fictional ball game played between two teams of seven players riding flying broomsticks, using four balls and six elevated ring-shaped goals.


lexentry: eng/Quinquagesima__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quinquagesima
trans_list: Quinquagésime
sense:
(Christianity) A moveable feast in the Christian calendar on the Sunday 49 days before Easter Sunday (50 days counting inclusively).


lexentry: eng/Quranism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quranism
trans_list: coranisme
sense:
A denomination in Islam that generally rejects the authoritative role of hadiths, and considers the Qur'an to be the only dependable religious text.


lexentry: eng/R&D__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: R&D
trans_list: R&D
sense:
(business) Initialism of Research and Development (a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting.)


lexentry: eng/RCM__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: RCM
trans_list: MRC
sense:
Initialism of regional county municipality (a county administered as a municipality; a regional municipality, a county-level municipality).


lexentry: eng/REM_sleep__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: REM sleep
trans_list: sommeil paradoxal
sense:
The stage of sleep during which most brain activity and dreams occur, characterised by rapid eye movement (REM).


lexentry: eng/RGB__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: RGB
trans_list: RVB
sense:
Initialism of red, green, blue; a color model in which colors are represented by adding varying amounts of red, green, and blue light.


lexentry: eng/Rabbinic_Judaism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rabbinic Judaism
trans_list: judaïsme rabbinique
sense:
The mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud, having its roots in Pharisaic Judaism and based on the belief that Moses at Mount Sinai received two items from God: the written Torah and the oral Torah.


lexentry: eng/Raeffsky_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Raeffsky Islands
trans_list: Îles Raevski | Îles Raéffsky
sense:
centrally located Tuamotus' subgroup in French Polynesia, consisting of the three communes of Anaa, Makemo and Fakarava


lexentry: eng/Ragnarok__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ragnarok
trans_list: Ragnarök
sense:
(Norse mythology) A series of future events culminating in a battle, fought between the Æsir and einherjar on one side, and the forces of Surtr, Loki, and Loki's children on the other, in which all of creation is burned down and almost all life is extinguished.


lexentry: eng/Raków__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Raków
trans_list: Raków
sense:
A settlement founded in the Sandomierz Voivodeship of Lesser Poland in 1569 as the centre of the Polish Brethren, the site of the Racovian Academy 1602–1638 and of the publication of the Racovian Catechism in 1605; formerly a town until 1869, it is now a village of the Republic of Poland and the seat of the gmina wiejska (rural commune) of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Ramadan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ramadan
trans_list: ramadan
sense:
(Islam) The holy ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which Muslims fast between the break of dawn until sunset; they also refrain from drinking liquids, smoking and having sexual relations.


lexentry: eng/Rapunzel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rapunzel
trans_list: Raiponce
sense:
A German fairy tale about a girl imprisoned in a tower who lets down her long hair for a rescuer to climb.


lexentry: eng/Rastafarianism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rastafarianism
trans_list: rastafarisme
sense:
A religion that emerged in Jamaica in the 1930s out of biblical prophecy and rising black aspirations.


lexentry: eng/Ravenclaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ravenclaw
trans_list: Serdaigle
sense:
A person having traits associated with Ravenclaw house from the Harry Potter series, including intelligence, creativity, and love of learning or an affinity for eagles or the colours blue and bronze.


lexentry: eng/Raëlism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Raëlism
trans_list: raëlisme
sense:
A UFO religion with liberal sexual views, holding that all life on Earth was created in scientific laboratories by extraterrestrials.


lexentry: eng/Red_Army_Faction__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Red Army Faction
trans_list: escouade
sense:
(historical) A far-left terrorist organization active from 1970 to 1998, mainly in West Germany and West Berlin.


lexentry: eng/Red_Forest__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Red Forest
trans_list: Forêt rousse
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a highly radioactive and highly contaminated pine forest caused by fallout from the Chornobyl-Vladimir Lenin nuclear power plant meltdown disaster accident.


lexentry: eng/Red_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Red Sea
trans_list: mer Rouge
sense:
(US politics) The states of the western and southern United States which consistently vote Republican in presidential elections.


lexentry: eng/Redemptorist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Redemptorist
trans_list: Redemptoriste
sense:
A member of the Roman Catholic missionary congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (i.e. Jesus Christ), founded in 1732 by Saint Alphonsus Maria of Liguori


lexentry: eng/Reformation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reformation
trans_list: Réformation | Réforme | réformation | réforme protestante
sense:
(historical) The religious movement initiated in the 16th century against the Roman Catholic Church.


lexentry: eng/Reformed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reformed
trans_list: réformé
sense:
Of the Protestant movement typically associated with John Calvin, as separated from the Lutheran Church to pursue more extensive reformation.


lexentry: eng/Reggio_Calabria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Reggio Calabria
trans_list: Reggio de Calabre
sense:
(history) Regium, an important flourishing Ancient Greek colonial settlement in Magna Graecia on the Strait of Messina from the early 1st millennium BCE thru the Hellenistic, Ancient Roman, Byzantine Roman and medieval epochs.


lexentry: eng/Rehoboam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rehoboam
trans_list: Roboam
sense:
King of Israel after Solomon, whose folly split the kingdom in two; the father of Abijah (biblical character)


lexentry: eng/Remembrance_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Remembrance Day
trans_list: jour du Souvenir
sense:
(Canada) November 11, a federal holiday observed in commemoration of the fallen in the two World Wars and the Korean War.


lexentry: eng/Renaissance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Renaissance
trans_list: Renaissance
sense:
(historical) The 14th-century revival of classical art, architecture, literature and learning that originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe over the following two centuries.


lexentry: eng/Renaissance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Renaissance
trans_list: Renaissance
sense:
The period of this revival, typically lasting from the late 14th to the late 16th centuries; the transition from medieval to modern times.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of China
trans_list: République de Chine | Taiwan
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; modern-day Taiwan (began in the early 20th century in mainland China).


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_Letters__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of Letters
trans_list: République des Lettres
sense:
(historical) The intellectual community in the late 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and the Americas, exchanging ideas by circulating handwritten letters.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_North_Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of North Macedonia
trans_list: République de Macédoine du Nord
sense:
Country situated north of Greece and west of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly partially recognised as the Republic of Macedonia.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_South_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Republic of South Africa
trans_list: République d'Afrique du Sud
sense:
(proscribed) The Transvaal statelet from 1852 to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland's annexation of it in 1902.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_South_Vietnam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of South Vietnam
trans_list: république du Sud Viêt Nam
sense:
(history) An underground government that opposed the South Vietnamese government during the Vietnam War and became its provisional government for a year after the war.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_Texas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of Texas
trans_list: République du Texas
sense:
(historical) A former sovereign state that successfully revolted from Mexico in 1839-1845 and was then annexed into the United States of America as the state of Texas.


lexentry: eng/Republican__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republican
trans_list: républicain | républicaine
sense:
(US politics) A member or supporter of the Republican Party, the more right-wing of the two main political parties in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Reticulum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reticulum
trans_list: Réticule
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern summer sky, said to resemble a reticle. It lies between the constellations of Horologium and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/Reuleaux_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reuleaux triangle
trans_list: triangle de Reuleaux
sense:
(geometry) A figure consisting of three circular arcs, each centered on the intersection of the other two.


lexentry: eng/Rexism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rexism
trans_list: rexisme
sense:
(politics, historical) A fascist movement active in Belgium from 1935 to 1945; the ideology of the Rexist Party


lexentry: eng/Reynold__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reynold
trans_list: Renaud
sense:
A en given name, today more popular in the forms Reginald and Ronald. Modern use is partly transferred from the surname.


lexentry: eng/Rhaeto-Romance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhaeto-Romance
trans_list: rhéto-roman
sense:
(linguistics) A group of related Romance languages spoken in north and north-eastern Italy and southeastern Switzerland, or any of these languages individually. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Rhea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhea
trans_list: Rhéa
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, the mother of Demeter, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus.


lexentry: eng/Rhene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhene
trans_list: Rhènè
sense:
the paramour of King Oïleus of Locris and the mother of either or neither of his sons Medon and Ajax.


lexentry: eng/Rhine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhine
trans_list: Rhin
sense:
A river in western Europe, that flows through Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Germany, France and the Netherlands, before emptying into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Rhineland-Palatinate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhineland-Palatinate
trans_list: Rhénanie-Palatinat
sense:
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.


lexentry: eng/Rhineland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhineland
trans_list: Rhénanie
sense:
(usually, with the definite article) TemplateParserError:LuaError. Roughly equivalent to the former Prussian Rhine Province, now the greater part of Rhineland-Palatinate plus the south-western half of North Rhine-Westphalia.


lexentry: eng/Rhodopes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhodopes
trans_list: Rhodopes
sense:
A mountain range in Southeastern Europe, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece.


lexentry: eng/Richard's_pipit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Richard's pipit
trans_list: pipit de Richard
sense:
Anthus richardi, a medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in open grasslands in the East Palearctic.


lexentry: eng/Richter_scale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Richter scale
trans_list: échelle de Richter
sense:
(seismology) a logarithmic scale used to express the energy released by an earthquake, each increase of 1 representing a 32-fold increase in energy.


lexentry: eng/Riemannian_manifold__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Riemannian manifold
trans_list: variété riemannienne
sense:
(differential geometry, Riemannian geometry) A real, smooth differentiable manifold whose each point has a tangent space equipped with a positive-definite inner product;(more formally) an ordered pair (M, g), where M is a real, smooth differentiable manifold and g its Riemannian metric.


lexentry: eng/Rigel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rigel
trans_list: Rigel
sense:
(star) A blue supergiant star in the constellation Orion; Beta (β) Orionis. The seventh brightest star in the night sky.


lexentry: eng/Righteous_Among_the_Nations__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Righteous Among the Nations
trans_list: Juste parmi les nations
sense:
(State of Israel) Title given to a non-Jew who risked his or her life during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.


lexentry: eng/Ring_of_Fire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ring of Fire
trans_list: ceinture de feu
sense:
(geology, volcanology) An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity, around the Pacific Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Ripuarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ripuarian
trans_list: Franc ripuaire
sense:
(historical) Any of the Ripuarian tribal section of the Frank people (comprising several tribes), who after some migration inhabited this region, as opposed to the Salian branch.


lexentry: eng/Ripuarian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ripuarian
trans_list: francique ripuaire
sense:
A West Central German dialect group, spoken in the northern Rhineland (including the cities of Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf and Aachen), as well as parts of German-speaking Belgium and south-eastern Limburg (Netherlands); linguistically, the least affected by the consonant shift of all High German dialects


lexentry: eng/Robeson_Channel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Robeson Channel
trans_list: passage Robeson
sense:
A strait between Greenland and Ellesmere Island, connecting the Arctic Ocean and Hall Basin, part of the Nares Strait.


lexentry: eng/Robin_Hood__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Robin Hood
trans_list: Robin des Bois
sense:
A legendary English outlaw famous for his skill in archery and his vow to defend the poor and the oppressed against established authority.


lexentry: eng/Roblox__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roblox
trans_list: Roblox
sense:
A massively multiplayer online game and creation system platform (introduced in 2004) in which users design and play video games.


lexentry: eng/Roche_limit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roche limit
trans_list: limite de Roche
sense:
(astronomy) The closest a satellite can approach its parent body before the gravitational forces holding it together are overwhelmed by tidal forces pulling it apart.


lexentry: eng/Rom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Rom
trans_list: Rom | Rrom | bohémien | gitan | tsigane
sense:
(in particular) A male member of the Romani people who is married and considered respectable amongst the family.


lexentry: eng/Roman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roman Empire
trans_list: Empire romain
sense:
(historical) The empire which succeeded the Roman Republic and existed between 27 B.C.E. and 476 C.E. in the west (and until 1453 C.E. in the east; see Byzantine Empire), encompassing territories stretching from Britain and Germany to Spain, North Africa and the Persian Gulf. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/Roman_mile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roman mile
trans_list: lieue
sense:
An ancient Roman unit of itinerant distance of 1000 paces (mille passus, hence also "mile" from Latin mille, "1000"). Indirectly standardized to 5000 Roman feet by Agrippa in 29 BC. In modern times, Agrippa's Imperial Roman mile is empirically estimated to have been around 1481 meters (1620 yards, 4860 English feet, 0.92 English miles); compared with a modern mile, which is 5280 feet.


lexentry: eng/Roman_road__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roman road
trans_list: voie romaine
sense:
(historical) Any of many roads built in Europe, including Britain, by the Ancient Romans, many of which survive in various forms.


lexentry: eng/Roman_shade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roman shade
trans_list: store romain
sense:
A kind of window shade that shows a smooth surface while covering the window (unlike most blinds) but closes up into a stack.


lexentry: eng/Romance__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romance
trans_list: roman
sense:
Of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin: French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Galician, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan, etc.


lexentry: eng/Romanesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romanesque
trans_list: roman
sense:
Somewhat resembling the Roman; applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman Empire, but especially to the more developed art and architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th.


lexentry: eng/Romani__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romani
trans_list: romani | tsigane
sense:
The Indo-Aryan lect of the Roma people, or one of its sublects (such as Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc), closely related to Hindi and Rajasthani.


lexentry: eng/Romanic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Romanic
trans_list: romain
sense:
Of or relating to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.


lexentry: eng/Romanization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romanization
trans_list: romanisation | transcription en caractères romains
sense:
(usually, uncountable) The act or process of putting text into the Latin (Roman) alphabet, by means such as transliteration and transcription.


lexentry: eng/Romans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romans
trans_list: Romains
sense:
(biblical) The sixth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Christians in Rome.


lexentry: eng/Romansch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romansch
trans_list: romanche
sense:
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum) spoken in the Graubünden/Grisons canton of Switzerland; it is one of the four official languages of Switzerland. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Romanticism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romanticism
trans_list: romantisme
sense:
(arts, music) An artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, peaking from 1800 to 1850, characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.


lexentry: eng/Rome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Rome
trans_list: Rome
sense:
The Holy See, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly prior to the establishment of the Vatican City in the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Romeo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Romeo
trans_list: Roméo
sense:
(fiction) One of the main characters of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare: the ardent lover of Juliet.


lexentry: eng/Romeo_and_Juliet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romeo and Juliet
trans_list: Roméo et Juliette
sense:
A pair of lovers, particularly if they are young, visibly enamored, and come from families or groups that are on opposing sides of a dispute.


lexentry: eng/Roof_of_the_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roof of the World
trans_list: toit du monde
sense:
The various high mountainous regions in Asia, made up of the Pamirs, the Himalayas, Tibet and Mount Everest.


lexentry: eng/Rorschach_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rorschach test
trans_list: test de Rorschach
sense:
(psychology) A method of psychological evaluation that uses a person's interpretations of inkblots or similar images to discover information concerning his or her personality, emotional functioning, or unconscious mind.


lexentry: eng/Rosetta_Stone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rosetta Stone
trans_list: Pierre de Rosette
sense:
A large inscribed stone found near Rosetta, Egypt, in 1799, later used as a basis for understanding many previously undecipherable examples of hieroglyphic writing.


lexentry: eng/Rosh_Hashanah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rosh Hashanah
trans_list: Roch Hachana
sense:
The Jewish holiday marking the start of the liturgical year, taking place on the first two days of Tishrei, 163 days after the first day of Passover.


lexentry: eng/Ross's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ross's gull
trans_list: mouette rosée
sense:
Rhodostethia rosea, a small gull breeding in the high Arctic of northernmost North America, and northeast Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Round_Table__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Round Table
trans_list: Table ronde
sense:
(Arthurian legend) King Arthur's table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his knights congregate, all having equal status since the table has no head.


lexentry: eng/Roussillon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roussillon
trans_list: Roussillon
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, approximately coterminous with Pyrénées-Orientales, that was once a part of Catalonia.


lexentry: eng/Roussillonese__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Roussillonese
trans_list: roussillonnais
sense:
Representative of, resembling, or related to the dialect of the Catalan language spoken in Roussillon and North-East Catalonia.


lexentry: eng/Roy_G._Biv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roy G. Biv
trans_list: VIBUJOR
sense:
(mnemonic) An acronym used to remember the color sequence of the visible spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.


lexentry: eng/Royal_Navy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Royal Navy
trans_list: Royal Navy | marine britannique
sense:
The British navy; formed in the 16th century, although England has had naval ships since before the time of Alfred the Great.


lexentry: eng/Rubenid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rubenid
trans_list: roubénide | roupénide
sense:
Of or pertaining to the Rubenids: an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.


lexentry: eng/Rubik's_cube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rubik's cube
trans_list: Rubik's Cube | Cube de Rubik
sense:
A mechanical puzzle in the shape of a cube, all sides able to be rotated, each side divided into 9 squares, the moving pieces allowing the cube to be rearranged. The goal is to get the colored squares aligned so that each side of the cube is the same color.


lexentry: eng/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
trans_list: Rudolphe le renne au nez rouge
sense:
A legendary reindeer with a nose that glows red, the subject of a comic Christmas song; often added among Santa Claus's reindeer as the leading one.


lexentry: eng/Rumpelstiltskin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rumpelstiltskin
trans_list: Grigrigredinmenufretin | Nain Tracassin
sense:
A fairy tale about a dwarf who saves the miller’s daughter by spinning straw into gold in exchange for her first-born child, but is foiled when she guesses his name.


lexentry: eng/Ruritanian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ruritanian
trans_list: chimérique
sense:
Of or having the characteristics of adventure, romance, and intrigue, as in works of romantic fiction.


lexentry: eng/Ruritanian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ruritanian
trans_list: Bordurie | Poldavie | Syldavie
sense:
Used to describe a fictitious and generic foreign government or person, used to state a general or hypothetical situation.


lexentry: eng/Rus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rus
trans_list: Rus | Rus'
sense:
A people made up of Scandinavian warrior merchants who travelled Eastern European river-roads from the eighth century, and whose settlements around Novgorod, Kiev and the Volga and Dnieper gave rise to the Rus' principalities. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Rus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Rus
trans_list: Rous' | Rus' | Ruthénie
sense:
Kievan Rus', the medieval East Slavic state established by these same warrior merchants in the 9th century, whose capital was in Kiev.


lexentry: eng/Ruscism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ruscism
trans_list: ruscisme
sense:
(politics, neologism, slang, derogatory) Russian fascism, Russianism, Great Russian chauvinism; the ideology of Russia, seen as fascism or as fascist.


lexentry: eng/Russenorsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russenorsk
trans_list: russenorsk | russo-norvégien
sense:
An Arctic pidgin language combining elements of Russian and Norwegian, mainly used by traders in the nineteenth century.


lexentry: eng/Russia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Russia
trans_list: Russie
sense:
(dated, countable) Any of several East Slavic states descended from Kievan Rus, typically including Russia (Great Russia), Belarus (White Russia) and Ukraine (Little Russia).


lexentry: eng/Russia_leather__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russia leather
trans_list: youfte
sense:
A form of bark-tanned cow leather, made hard-wearing, flexible, and waterproof with the use of birch oil.


lexentry: eng/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
trans_list: République socialiste fédérative soviétique de Russie
sense:
The official name for modern-day Russia under the Communist Party from 1936 to 1991 (from 1918 to 1937, according to the Constitution of the RSFSR, called the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). Part of the USSR from 1922 to 1991.


lexentry: eng/Russian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Russian
trans_list: Russe | russe
sense:
(countable) An ethnic Russian: a member of the East Slavic ethnic group which is native to, and constitutes the majority of the population of, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Russian_oven__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russian oven
trans_list: petchka
sense:
A kind of oven/furnace that first appeared in the 15th century, used for both cooking and domestic heating in traditional Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian households, and designed to retain heat for long periods of time by channeling the smoke and hot air of combustion through a labyrinth of passages.


lexentry: eng/Russian_roulette__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russian roulette
trans_list: roulette russe
sense:
(idiomatic, games) A deadly game in which a person loads a single bullet in the cylinder of a revolver, spins the cylinder so that the bullet's location is unknown, points the muzzle at his/her head, and pulls the trigger. In its most lethal form, played by multiple participants each of whom takes a turn until the weapon discharges.


lexentry: eng/Russianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russianism
trans_list: russisme
sense:
(countable) A word or other feature originating in the Russian language that has been borrowed by another language.


lexentry: eng/Russophobia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russophobia
trans_list: russophobie
sense:
The contempt or disgust towards Russians or Russia, especially the political system, or the customs of the former Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Rusyn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rusyn
trans_list: Rusin | Rusyn | Carpato-ruthène | Rusnak | Rusniak | Ruthène
sense:
A member of a people living in the eastern Carpathian Mountains, in part of western Ukraine, south-eastern Poland and north-eastern Slovakia.


lexentry: eng/Ruthenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ruthenia
trans_list: Ruthénie
sense:
The territory between Central and Eastern Europe inhabited by Rusyns, on the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains in parts of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia.


lexentry: eng/Ruthenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ruthenia
trans_list: Ruthénie
sense:
(historical) Lands inhabited by Ukrainians (Ruthenians) of the former Austrian Empire kingdom of Galicia (1772–1918), corresponding to parts of Western Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Ruthenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ruthenian
trans_list: ruthènien
sense:
Any of various languages historically spoken in Ruthenia; West Russian, also known as Old Ukrainian, Old Belarusian and Rusian, any Old East Slavic descendant, which is different from Russian, Great Russian or "East Russian"


lexentry: eng/Ruy_Lopez__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ruy Lopez
trans_list: partie espagnole
sense:
(chess) A common chess opening, an Open Game characterized by the moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5, in which White moves king's bishop to the fifth rank.


lexentry: eng/Ryan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ryan
trans_list: Rayan | Ryan
sense:
A en given name رَيَّان. Sometimes written and pronounced as Ryan in English due to the phonetic similarity with the Arabic name.


lexentry: eng/S-train__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: S-train
trans_list: Réseau Express Régional
sense:
(chiefly in German-speaking countries and Copenhagen, Denmark) A commuter rail/metro system (generally overground) serving a metropolitan area; a train in such a system.


lexentry: eng/SIM_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: SIM card
trans_list: carte SIM
sense:
A small, removable card smaller than a credit card which stores mobile phone data such as contact names and numbers, SMSs and security information.


lexentry: eng/SMS__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: SMS
trans_list: SMS | texto
sense:
(telecommunications) Initialism of Short Message Service. A service to send text messages on a cell phone.


lexentry: eng/SPCUM__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: SPCUM
trans_list: SPCUM
sense:
(law enforcement) the Montreal Urban Community police service (Service de police de la Communauté urbaine de Montréal, SPCUM) — replaced by the SPVM


lexentry: eng/SSBN__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: SSBN
trans_list: SNLE
sense:
(US, military, nautical) Sub-surface ballistic nuclear: a nuclear-powered submarine carrying and launching ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons


lexentry: eng/ST__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ST
trans_list: ST
sense:
Someone who acts as a game master (GM) in a tabletop role-playing game, especially any of the games produced by White Wolf.


lexentry: eng/Saba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saba
trans_list: Saba
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; in the southern part of the Caribbean off the west coast of Venezuela.


lexentry: eng/Sabah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sabah
trans_list: maquereau
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError located at the Northern part of the Borneo island with the main city Kota Kinabalu as its capital.


lexentry: eng/Sabbatarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sabbatarian
trans_list: sabbataire | sabbatiste
sense:
A person who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week ("Saturday", the Israelite or Jewish Sabbath) as holy in conformity with the fourth commandment of the Decalogue, such as an Orthodox Jew, Seventh-day Adventist, Seventh Day Baptist, a member of the Church of God (Seventh Day); a Sabbath-keeper, a Saturday-keeper.


lexentry: eng/Sabbatarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sabbatarian
trans_list: sabbataire | sabbatiste
sense:
A person who regards and keeps the first day of the week as holy and often considers it as a replacement for the seventh-day Sabbath, a Sunday-keeper.


lexentry: eng/Sabbatarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sabbatarianism
trans_list: sabbatisme
sense:
The principles and practices of a Sabbatarian; the observance of the Sabbath, the keeping of the Sabbath.


lexentry: eng/Sabbath-day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: The day of the Sabbath; Saturday, the seventh day of the week.
written_rep: Sabbath-day
trans_list:
jour du Chabbat | jour du Sabbat | jour du Schabbat | jour du Shabbat | jour du chabbat | jour du sabbat


lexentry: eng/Sable_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sable Island
trans_list: Île de Sable
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A small island and sand bar of Canada in the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and in its jurisdiction.


lexentry: eng/Sachertorte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sachertorte
trans_list: Sachertorte | tarte Sacher
sense:
A torte made of butter, eggs, confectioner's sugar, toasted breadcrumbs, spices, and chocolate, which is baked in layers, put together with apricot jam and finally frosted with chocolate.


lexentry: eng/Sadducee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sadducee
trans_list: sadducéen
sense:
(historical) A member of an ancient Jewish sect possibly formed as a political party in the 2nd century BCE and existing until around the 1st century CE.


lexentry: eng/Safavid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Safavid
trans_list: safavide
sense:
Relating to the Safavid dynasty, a Muslim dynasty which ruled Iran between the 16th and 18th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Sagitta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sagitta
trans_list: Flèche
sense:
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an arrow. It lies between the constellations of Vulpecula and Aquila.


lexentry: eng/Sagittarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sagittarius
trans_list: Sagittaire
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a centaur who is an archer. It contains the stars Kaus Australis and Nunki.


lexentry: eng/Sagittarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sagittarius
trans_list: Sagittaire
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the archer, ruled by Jupiter and covering November 23 - December 21 (tropical astrology) or December 16 - January 14 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Sahel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sahel
trans_list: Sahel
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, between the Sahara to the north and a more humid zone (Sudan) to the south.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Barbara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Barbara
trans_list: sainte Barbe
sense:
The patron of armourers, military engineers, gunsmiths, miners and anyone else who worked with cannon and explosives.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Martin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Martin
trans_list: Saint-Martin
sense:
An island in the northeast of the Caribbean Sea, whose northern portion is part of France and whose southern portion is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Nicholas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Nicholas
trans_list: saint Nicolas
sense:
(Christianity) A 4th-century Greek bishop from Myra, Anatolia, patron saint of children, mariners and the unwed among others, functioning in multiple countries as a gift-giving figure around his feast day of December 6.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Petersburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Petersburg
trans_list: Saint-Pétersbourg
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, known between 1914 and 1924 as Petrograd and between 1924 and 1991 as Leningrad, and former capital of Russia (1713–1728, 1732–1918).


lexentry: eng/Saint_Valentine's_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Valentine's Day
trans_list: Saint-Valentin
sense:
A holiday in remembrance of Saint Valentine, February 14th, celebrated by sending cards or similar tokens of love.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
trans_list: Saint-Vincent-et-Grenadines | Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising the islands of Saint Vincent and the island chain of the Grenadines.


lexentry: eng/Saladin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saladin
trans_list: Saladin
sense:
(history) First sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, who led the Muslim opposition to the European Crusaders in the Levant.


lexentry: eng/Salafism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Salafism
trans_list: salafisme
sense:
(Islam) A movement comparing itself to Sunni Islam, claiming to taking the pious ancestors, the salaf of the patristic period of early Islam, as exemplary models.


lexentry: eng/Salamis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Salamis
trans_list: Salamine
sense:
(Greek mythology) A nymph, the daughter of Asopus and Metope, who was carried away by Poseidon to the island that bears her name.


lexentry: eng/Salazarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Salazarism
trans_list: salazarisme
sense:
(politics) The politics of António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970), Portuguese professor and politician who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968.


lexentry: eng/Salisbury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Salisbury
trans_list: Salisbury
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, abolished on 1 April 2009 and merged into the Wiltshire unitary authority.


lexentry: eng/Salmanazar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Salmanazar
trans_list: salmanazar
sense:
A bottle of champagne or Burgundy wine containing 9 liters of fluid, twelve times the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/Saluki__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saluki
trans_list: lévrier persan | sloughi
sense:
(cynology) An ancient sighthound breed of dog with a silky coat originating in the Middle East, once sacred to the Egyptians.


lexentry: eng/Salvation_Army__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Salvation Army
trans_list: Armée du salut
sense:
A Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organisation structured in a quasi-military fashion, originally founded to help the poor of London.


lexentry: eng/Samaritan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samaritan
trans_list: Samaritain | Samaritaine
sense:
A native, or inhabitant of Samaria; especially one practising certain ethnoreligious traditions indigenous to that region.


lexentry: eng/Samoa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samoa
trans_list: Samoa
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Formerly Western Samoa, and, before that, German Samoa. It is distinct from American Samoa.


lexentry: eng/Samos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Samos
trans_list: Samos
sense:
A modern Greek prefecture in the eastern part of the Aegean that includes the island along with the islands of Icaria and Fourni.


lexentry: eng/Samoyed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samoyed
trans_list: Samoyède
sense:
(anthropology) A member of the Samoyedic peoples of the Siberian Urals, who speak Samoyedic languages.


lexentry: eng/Samoyedic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samoyedic
trans_list: langues samoyèdes | samoyède
sense:
Any of a group of languages spoken in the Urals that, along with Finno-Ugric, make up the Uralic language group.


lexentry: eng/Samson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samson
trans_list: Samson
sense:
An Israelite judge in the Old Testament who performed feats of strength against the Philistines but was betrayed by Delilah his mistress. (biblical character)


lexentry: eng/Samtskhe-Javakheti__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samtskhe-Javakheti
trans_list: Samtskhé-Djavakhétie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, with Akhaltsikhe as its regional capital; populated mostly by Armenians.


lexentry: eng/San_Francisco__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: San Francisco
trans_list: San Francisco
sense:
A major coastal city in California of over 800,000 widely known for its unique culture, architecture, and LGBT population; formerly Yerba Buena (pre-1847).


lexentry: eng/San_Salvador__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: San Salvador
trans_list: San Salvador
sense:
(historical) Short for San Salvador Island, TemplateParserError:LuaError discovered on Christopher Columbus's first voyage.


lexentry: eng/Sanctus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sanctus
trans_list: Sanctus
sense:
A prayer in Christian liturgy, beginning “Holy, holy, holy …” and typically said or sung as a hymn shortly before the anaphora.


lexentry: eng/Sango__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sango
trans_list: sango
sense:
The primary language spoken in the Central African Republic: it has 5 million second-language speakers, but only 400,000 native speakers, mainly in the towns.


lexentry: eng/Sanskrit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sanskrit
trans_list: sanskrit | sanscrit
sense:
A classical Indo-European language of South Asia, which is the liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism. [from 1610s]


lexentry: eng/Santa's_workshop__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Santa's workshop
trans_list: atelier du Père Noël
sense:
A fanciful replica of this structure, temporarily erected in a retail store, shopping mall, or other public venue at Christmastime as an attraction for children and parents.


lexentry: eng/Santo_Domingo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Santo Domingo
trans_list: Saint-Domingue
sense:
(historical) The Spanish-colonized portion of the island of Hispaniola, which later became the Dominican Republic, especially as contrasted with Saint-Domingue, the French-controlled portion.


lexentry: eng/Sapir-Whorf_hypothesis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
trans_list: hypothèse Sapir-Whorf | hypothèse de Sapir-Whorf
sense:
(linguistics) The principle that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition.


lexentry: eng/Sappho__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sappho
trans_list: Sappho
sense:
An Ancient Greek female name, particularly borne by a poetess from Lesbos who lived between 630 and 570 BC (exact dates unknown).


lexentry: eng/Saracen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saracen
trans_list: Sarrasin | Sarrazin
sense:
A member of a nomadic people from the Sinai near the Roman province of Arabia in the early centuries CE, who were specifically distinct from Arabs.


lexentry: eng/Sargon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sargon
trans_list: Sargon
sense:
An Akkadian emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries BCE.


lexentry: eng/Sark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sark
trans_list: Sercq
sense:
One of the Channel Islands; notable inter alia for its local government containing one of the last vestiges of feudalism in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Sarmatia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sarmatia
trans_list: Sarmatie
sense:
(historical) An ancient territory corresponding to the western part of greater Scythia (modern Ukraine, southern Russia, and the eastern Balkans).


lexentry: eng/Sarmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sarmatism
trans_list: sarmatisme
sense:
(historical) The belief that the people of the Polish Commonwealth descended from the ancient Sarmatians, the legendary invaders of Slavic lands in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Saskatchewan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Saskatchewan
trans_list: Saskatchewan
sense:
Prairie province in western Canada (named after the river, which flows through it) which has Regina as its capital city.


lexentry: eng/Saskatoon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saskatoon
trans_list: Saskatoon
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError (2016 census: 246,376 (city); 295,095 (metro)), located on the South Saskatchewan River.


lexentry: eng/Sassarese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sassarese
trans_list: sassarais | sassarien
sense:
A Romance lect, transitional between Corsican and Sardinian, spoken in the province of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy.


lexentry: eng/Satan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Satan
trans_list: Satan
sense:
(religion) The supreme evil spirit in the Abrahamic religions, who tempts humanity and rules Hell; the Devil; (in, _, Theistic Satanism) the same figure, regarded as a deity to be revered and worshipped.


lexentry: eng/Satanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Satanism
trans_list: satanisme
sense:
A profession, philosophy, or ideological construct featuring a positive, admirable, or useful association to the figure, character or entity known as 'Satan'; or, featuring opposition to all morality and the procurement of what is wanted regardless of the consequences concerning others.


lexentry: eng/Satanist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Satanist
trans_list: sataniste
sense:
One who identifies with Anton Szandor LaVey's philosophical teachings and the religion, Satanism, founded upon it.


lexentry: eng/Saterland_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saterland Frisian
trans_list: frison oriental
sense:
a Frisian language spoken mostly in the municipality of Saterland in the district of Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany


lexentry: eng/Saturday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saturday
trans_list: samedi
sense:
The seventh day of the week in many religious traditions, and the sixth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; observed as the Sabbath/Shabbat in Judaism (Friday sunset to Saturday sunset); it follows Friday and precedes Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Saturn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saturn
trans_list: Saturne
sense:
(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄.


lexentry: eng/Sauer__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sauer
trans_list: Sûre
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows for 173 km (103 mi) through Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany; it empties into the Moselle near Wasserbillig.


lexentry: eng/Save__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Save
trans_list: Save | Savé
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows about 400 km (250 mi) from south of Harare in Zimbabwe, through Mozambique, to the Indian Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Savi's_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Savi's warbler
trans_list: locustelle luscinioïde
sense:
Locustella luscinioides, an Old World warbler, found in parts of Europe, Western Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa.


lexentry: eng/Scandinavian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Scandinavian
trans_list: scandinave
sense:
(Of a language) Of or relating to the North Germanic family of languages to which Swedish, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Danish, Icelandic, and Faeroese belong.


lexentry: eng/Scandinavian_mile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scandinavian mile
trans_list: mille
sense:
A Scandinavian unit of distance of 10 kilometers. Standardized to 10,688.54 meters in 1649, before being defined as 10 km in 1889.


lexentry: eng/Scania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scania
trans_list: Scanie
sense:
A historical region, currently part of Sweden, occupying the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Scheherazade__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Scheherazade
trans_list: Shéhérazade
sense:
A fictional character, the wife and storyteller of the king Shahryar in One Thousand and One Nights.


lexentry: eng/Schengen_Area__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Schengen Area
trans_list: espace Schengen
sense:
(European politics) The group of European countries that have signed the Schengen Agreement, abolishing border controls between each other.


lexentry: eng/Schlegel_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Schlegel diagram
trans_list: diagramme de Schlegel
sense:
(geometry) A projection of a polytope from n-dimensional space to n-1 dimensions through a point beyond one of its faces; especially such a projection (itself represented in 2 dimensions) of a 3- or 4-dimensional polytope.


lexentry: eng/Schlemm's_canal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Schlemm's canal
trans_list: canal de Schlemm
sense:
(anatomy) a circular channel in the eye that collects aqueous humour from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the bloodstream; if it is blocked, a glaucoma results


lexentry: eng/Schopenhauerian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Schopenhauerian
trans_list: schopenhauerien | schopenhauérien
sense:
Of or relating to Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), German philosopher known for his pessimism and clarity.


lexentry: eng/Schrödinger's_cat__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Schrödinger's cat
trans_list: chat de Schrödinger
sense:
The thought experiment which was devised by Erwin Schrödinger, is usually considered a paradox, involves a Schrödinger's cat and is typically supposed to be analysed from the point of view of quantum mechanics.


lexentry: eng/Scientologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scientologist
trans_list: scientologue
sense:
A follower of Scientology, whether belonging to the "official" Church of Scientology or being outside in the so-called Free Zone.


lexentry: eng/Scientology__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scientology
trans_list: scientologie
sense:
A belief system with certain religious aspects, developed in 1952, focused on the teachings of L. Ron Hubbard.


lexentry: eng/Scorpio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Scorpio
trans_list: Scorpion
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the scorpion, ruled by Mars and covering October 23 - November 22 (tropical astrology) or November 16 - December 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Scorpius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scorpius
trans_list: Scorpion
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the zodiac, roughly shaped like a scorpion. Its brightest star is the red giant Antares.


lexentry: eng/Scots__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scots
trans_list: écossais | scots
sense:
A Germanic language closely related to English and descended from northern dialects of Middle English, spoken in parts of Scotland, now especially in the northeastern and southern regions of the country.


lexentry: eng/Scottish_Gaelic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scottish Gaelic
trans_list: gaélique écossais
sense:
The Gaelic language of Scotland, spoken primarily in the northern and western parts of the country, with important communities in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Scottish Gaelic had its widest influence between 800 and 1200 C.E., as place names throughout Scotland attest.


lexentry: eng/Scottish_crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scottish crossbill
trans_list: bec-croisé d'Écosse
sense:
Loxia scotica, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is endemic to the Caledonian Forests of Scotland


lexentry: eng/Scouts__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scouts
trans_list: scoutisme | scouts
sense:
A worldwide youth movement with the aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, so that they may play a constructive role in the society [1].


lexentry: eng/Scrabble__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scrabble
trans_list: Scrabble
sense:
A board game in which players draw letter tiles and take turns to make interlocking words like a crossword, scoring points according to the letters played and their positions on the board.


lexentry: eng/Sculptor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sculptor
trans_list: Sculpteur
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the southern sky. It lies between Aquarius and Phoenix and lies in the direction of the southern pole of the Milky Way.


lexentry: eng/Scutum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scutum
trans_list: Écu de Sobieski
sense:
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a shield. It lies between the constellations of Aquila, Sagittarius, and the tail of Serpens.


lexentry: eng/Scylla__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scylla
trans_list: Scylla
sense:
A dangerous rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirlpool Charybdis on the coast of Sicily. The passage between Scylla and Charybdis was formerly considered perilous; hence, the saying between Scylla and Charybdis signifies a great peril on either hand.


lexentry: eng/Scythia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scythia
trans_list: Scythie
sense:
(historical) A region of Central Eurasia in the classical era, encompassing parts of the Pontic steppe, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, inhabited by nomadic Scythians from at least the 11th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.


lexentry: eng/Sea_of_Galilee__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sea of Galilee
trans_list: lac de Tibériade | mer de Galilée
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of the ancient city of Nazareth.


lexentry: eng/Sea_of_Marmara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sea of Marmara
trans_list: mer de Marmara | Mer de Marmara
sense:
A deep inland sea in north-western Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles.


lexentry: eng/Sea_of_Okhotsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sea of Okhotsk
trans_list: mer d'Okhotsk
sense:
A sea between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaidō to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north.


lexentry: eng/Sealand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sealand
trans_list: Sealand | principauté de Sealand
sense:
A self-proclaimed micronation (full name: the Principality of Sealand) whose capital is HM Fort Roughs, a former British sea fort.


lexentry: eng/Second_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Second World
trans_list: est
sense:
Those countries aligned with the East during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the West (First World).


lexentry: eng/Sedna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sedna
trans_list: Sedna
sense:
(astronomy) 90377 Sedna, a trans-Neptunian dwarf planet whose eccentric detached orbit is wholly beyond the Kuiper belt.


lexentry: eng/Seleucid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seleucid
trans_list: séleucide
sense:
Relating to the Greek-Macedonian dynasty which ruled (312–63 BCE) an empire created by Seleucus out of the eastern conquests of Alexander the Great.


lexentry: eng/Seljuk__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seljuk
trans_list: saljuqide | saljûqide | seldjoukide
sense:
Of or related to Seljuk, to his dynasty, to their empire in southwestern Asia, or to the period of their rule from the 11th–14th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Seljuk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seljuk
trans_list: Saljuq
sense:
Seljuk Bey, the legendary founder of an Oghuz Turk dynasty that ruled an eponymous Sunni Muslim empire in Southwest Asia and numerous successor states, particularly in Anatolia.


lexentry: eng/Senate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Senate
trans_list: Sénat | sénat
sense:
Any of several legislative bodies. (In countries which have multiple legislative bodies, the Senate is often the more senior.)


lexentry: eng/Seneca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seneca
trans_list: Sénèque
sense:
A Roman cognomen, notably borne by Lucius Annaeus Seneca, a Roman stoic philosopher, dramatist, and statesman.


lexentry: eng/Seoul__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seoul
trans_list: Séoul
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, also the historical capital of Korea from 1394 until the country was divided in 1945.


lexentry: eng/September__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: September
trans_list: septembre
sense:
The ninth month of the Gregorian calendar, following August and preceding October. Abbreviations: Sep or Sep., Sept or Sept.


lexentry: eng/Septimania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Septimania
trans_list: Septimanie
sense:
(historical) The western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis (modern-day south France) that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462, when it was ceded to their king, Theodoric II.


lexentry: eng/Septuagint__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Septuagint
trans_list: Septante
sense:
An influential Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible produced in Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.


lexentry: eng/Serapis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Serapis
trans_list: Sérapis
sense:
A Graeco-Egyptian god devised during the 3rd century BC as a means to unify the Greeks and Egyptians in the realm of Ptolemy I.


lexentry: eng/Serbia_and_Montenegro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Serbia and Montenegro
trans_list: Serbie-et-Monténégro
sense:
(historical) Former country on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly part of Yugoslavia. It disbanded in 2006.


lexentry: eng/Serbo-Croatian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Serbo-Croatian
trans_list: serbo-croate
sense:
The South Slavic language of which Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian are literary standards.


lexentry: eng/Serpens__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Serpens
trans_list: Serpent
sense:
(constellation) A large summer constellation of the northern sky said to resemble a snake. It is the only constellation consisting of two parts (Serpens Caput and Serpens Cauda) separated by the constellation Ophiuchus, representing the snake handler Asclepius.


lexentry: eng/Set__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Set
trans_list: Seth
sense:
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian god, variously described as the god of chaos, the god of thunder and storms, or the god of destruction.


lexentry: eng/Seven_Sages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seven Sages
trans_list: Sept sages
sense:
(historical) Seven Ancient Greek men renowned for their wisdom: Thales, Solon, Periander, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias, and Pittacus.


lexentry: eng/Sexagesima__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sexagesima
trans_list: Sexagésime
sense:
(Christianity) In the Christian calendar the Sunday two weeks before Lent, eight before Easter Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Sextans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sextans
trans_list: Sextant
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a sextant. It lies south of the constellation of Leo.


lexentry: eng/Shakespeare__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Shakespeare
trans_list: Shakespeare
sense:
William Shakespeare, an English playwright and poet of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries


lexentry: eng/Shakespearean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shakespearean
trans_list: shakespearien
sense:
(literature) Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, associated with, or suggestive of William Shakespeare (an English playwright), his works, or his authorship, or the time in which he lived.


lexentry: eng/Shakespearean_sonnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shakespearean sonnet
trans_list: sonnet anglais | sonnet shakespearien
sense:
(poetry) A sonnet comprising three quatrains and a final couplet, in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg.


lexentry: eng/Shan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shan
trans_list: Shans
sense:
A member of a people living primarily in the Shan State of Myanmar (also known as Burma), and in adjacent areas of China, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, with about 6 million people.


lexentry: eng/Shanghai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Shanghai
trans_list: Shanghaï | Shanghai
sense:
A major international port including the eastern coast of Shanghai Municipality and the northeastern islands of Zhejiang Province.


lexentry: eng/Shaoxing__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shaoxing
trans_list: Shaoxing
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, along the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay, the site of the former capitals of the Yue kingdom and Kuaiji Commandery.


lexentry: eng/Shavuot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shavuot
trans_list: Chavouot
sense:
A Jewish holiday that occurs in the spring, a harvest festival, also commemorating the anniversary of the giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai.


lexentry: eng/Sheffield_stand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sheffield stand
trans_list: agrafe
sense:
A type of bicycle stand consisting of a single inverted U-shaped metal bar that is mounted onto or embedded into the ground.


lexentry: eng/Sherlockian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sherlockian
trans_list: sherlockien
sense:
A Sherlock Holmes scholar or fan; one who studies and/or appreciates the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.


lexentry: eng/Sherman_necktie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sherman necktie
trans_list: cravate de Sherman
sense:
(US, rail transport, historical, chiefly, in the plural) A segment of rail that has been heated and twisted into a loop, as a means of destroying a railway.


lexentry: eng/Sherpa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sherpa
trans_list: Sherpa
sense:
A member of a particular Himalayan ethnic group living in Nepal and Tibet, known especially as mountaineers.


lexentry: eng/Shinto__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shinto
trans_list: shinto | shintoïsme
sense:
Formerly the state religion of Japan, a type of animism involving the worship of ancestors and nature spirits.


lexentry: eng/Shiva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shiva
trans_list: Shiva
sense:
(Hinduism) The god of destruction and transformation, and together with Brahma and Vishnu, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. Within Shaivism he is viewed as the Supreme deity, whereas in other branches of Hinduism such as the Smarta tradition he is worshipped as one of the six manifestations of the Divine.


lexentry: eng/Shrovetide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shrovetide
trans_list: carnaval
sense:
The three days immediately preceding Lent; Shrove Sunday, Shrove Monday, and Shrove Tuesday, preceding Ash Wednesday.


lexentry: eng/Siamese_cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Siamese cat
trans_list: chat siamois | siamois
sense:
A short-haired breed of domestic cat having blue eyes and pointed coat pattern, that is, a pale body and dark extremities.


lexentry: eng/Siberian_Husky__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Siberian Husky
trans_list: husky de Sibérie | husky sibérien
sense:
(zoology) A medium-sized spitz breed of dog originally used for herding reindeer and pulling sleighs.


lexentry: eng/Siberian_crane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Siberian crane
trans_list: grue de Sibérie
sense:
(ornithology) A large white crane, Grus leucogeranus, which breeds in Arctic Russia and western Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Siberian_elm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Siberian elm
trans_list: orme de Sibérie
sense:
A medium-sized bushy tree, of species Ulmus pumila, native to northern and eastern Asia, naturalized in most of North America.


lexentry: eng/Sichuan_pepper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sichuan pepper
trans_list: poivre du Sichuan
sense:
(countable, uncountable) The outer pod of the tiny fruit of a number of species in the genus Zanthoxylum widely grown and consumed in Asia as a spice. Not closely related to black pepper or to chilli peppers.


lexentry: eng/Sicilian_Defence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sicilian Defence
trans_list: défense sicilienne
sense:
A chess opening characterized by the moves 1.e4 c5, in which both the white king's pawn and the black king's bishop's pawn advance two squares as the first moves.


lexentry: eng/Sicilian_Vespers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sicilian Vespers
trans_list: Vêpres siciliennes
sense:
A rebellion on the island of Sicily, against the rule of Charles I of Anjou, that began at Easter, 1282.


lexentry: eng/Sicily__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sicily
trans_list: Sicile
sense:
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of Sicily, a former kingdom controlling the island and some of southern Italy in the medieval and early modern period


lexentry: eng/Sicily__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Sicily
trans_list: Sicile
sense:
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a former kingdom controlling the island and most of southern Italy in the 19th century


lexentry: eng/Sienese__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sienese
trans_list: siennois
sense:
Of or pertaining to Siena in central Italy, or its school of painting in the 13th and 14th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Sierpinski_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sierpinski triangle
trans_list: triangle de Sierpiński
sense:
A fractal consisting of three copies of itself, shrunk to half size, arranged in a triangular shape without rotating.


lexentry: eng/Sierra_Leonean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
sense: From or of Sierra Leone.
written_rep: Sierra Leonean
trans_list:
sierra-léonais | sierra-léonaise | sierra-léonien | sierra-léonienne | sierraléonais | sierraléonaise


lexentry: eng/Sierra_Leonean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A native or inhabitant of Sierra Leone.
written_rep: Sierra Leonean
trans_list:
Sierra-Léonais | Sierra-Léonaise | Sierra-Léonien | Sierra-Léonienne | Sierraléonais | Sierraléonaise


lexentry: eng/Sikhism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sikhism
trans_list: sikhisme
sense:
A revealed, monotheistic religion originating in northern India, in the 16th century, through Guru Nanak and his successors.


lexentry: eng/Silesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Silesia
trans_list: Silésie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now chiefly in Poland, with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany, from early modernity until 1945 predominantly German-speaking with Slavic-speaking minorities (and local majorities).


lexentry: eng/Silesian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Silesian
trans_list: silésien
sense:
(uncountable) Upper Silesian, a West Slavic language spoken in southwestern parts of Poland and the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Silicon_Valley__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Silicon Valley
trans_list: Silicon Valley | Vallée du Silicium
sense:
(informal) Originally, the region of the San Francisco Bay Area in which there are a high number of industries producing silicon chips; later extended to mean the entire concentration of high-tech businesses in this area.


lexentry: eng/Silk_Road__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Silk Road
trans_list: route de la soie
sense:
(historical) An extensive interconnected network of trade routes across Asia, North and Northeast Africa, and Europe, historically used by silk traders.


lexentry: eng/Simbirsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Simbirsk
trans_list: Simbirsk
sense:
(historical) Former name of Ulyanovsk (till 1924), the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Vladimir Ulyanov).


lexentry: eng/Simon_says__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Simon says
trans_list: Jacques a dit
sense:
(games) A children's game where players must carry out only those commands that are preceded by the utterance "Simon says".


lexentry: eng/Simplified_Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Simplified Chinese
trans_list: caractère chinois simplifié | caractère simplifié | chinois simplifié | sinogramme simplifié
sense:
Chinese written using the forms of Chinese characters introduced by the PRC as script reform. The characters are simplified (with a reduced number of strokes, etc.) compared to their pre-reform shapes.


lexentry: eng/Sinai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sinai
trans_list: Sinaï
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the location where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God.


lexentry: eng/Sinbad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sinbad
trans_list: Sinbad
sense:
(fiction) A fictional sailor, the hero of a story-cycle of Middle Eastern origin, who encountered monsters and magic while travelling the seas east of Africa and south of Asia.


lexentry: eng/Sindhi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sindhi
trans_list: sindhi
sense:
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in four main dialects in Pakistan and India. There are around 35 million Sindhi speakers in Sindh سنڌ and more than 40 million throughout the world. Sindhi is written with a modified Arabic script that has 52 letters, and in a modified Devanagari script too.


lexentry: eng/Singlish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Singlish
trans_list: singlish
sense:
(Singapore, linguistics) A highly colloquial or basilectal variety of Singapore English incorporating much Hokkien and Malay lexis.


lexentry: eng/Sinhalese__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sinhalese
trans_list: cinghalais
sense:
Of or pertaining to the majority ethnic group of Sri Lanka, their Indo-Aryan language, or their culture.


lexentry: eng/Sino-Korean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sino-Korean
trans_list: sino-coréen
sense:
(specifically, linguistics, of a Korean word) Etymologically borrowed or otherwise derived from an eighth-century dialect of Middle Chinese which greatly influenced the Korean language.


lexentry: eng/Sino-Xenic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sino-Xenic
trans_list: sinoxénique
sense:
(linguistics) Related to pronunciations for reading Chinese in Japan, Korea and Vietnam, originating in medieval times and the source of large-scale borrowings of Chinese words into Japonic, Koreanic and Vietnamese languages, none of which are genetically related to Chinese (excluding Sinitic topolects).


lexentry: eng/Sinocentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sinocentrism
trans_list: sinocentrisme
sense:
(historical) The belief, held by the ancient Chinese, that China was literally the centre of the world.


lexentry: eng/Sinop__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sinop
trans_list: Sinop
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located at the northernmost point of the southern coast of the Black Sea.


lexentry: eng/Sinophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sinophone
trans_list: sinophone
sense:
a person who speaks one or more of the Sinitic or Chinese language(s) either natively or by adoption, a Chinese-speaking person.


lexentry: eng/Sisyphus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sisyphus
trans_list: Sisyphe
sense:
(Greek mythology) Son of Aeolus and Enarete, and king of Ephyra, as tragic figure doomed eternally to roll a boulder up a hill in Tartarus, a part of Hades.


lexentry: eng/Six_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Six Nations
trans_list: Six Nations
sense:
(Europe, rugby union) Ellipsis of Six Nations Championship. (an annual rugby union tournament between the nations of Italy, France, England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, the successor to the Five Nations tournament.)


lexentry: eng/Sjögren's_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sjögren's syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren
sense:
An autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.


lexentry: eng/Skagerrak__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Skagerrak
trans_list: Skagerrak
sense:
The marine passage between Norway and Denmark, formerly also including the passage between Sweden and Denmark, comprising the Kattegat.


lexentry: eng/Slavey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slavey
trans_list: Esclave
sense:
An Athabascan First Nations people indigenous to the region near the Great Slave Lake in western Canada


lexentry: eng/Slavic_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slavic studies
trans_list: slavistique
sense:
(humanities, US) A field of academic study concerned with Slavic areas, Slavic languages, literature, history, and culture.


lexentry: eng/Slavism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slavism
trans_list: slavisme
sense:
(countable) A linguistic feature of one or more Slavic languages, especially a Slavic idiom or phrasing that appears in a non-Slavic language.


lexentry: eng/Slavonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Slavonia
trans_list: Slavonie
sense:
In early modern times: Kingdom of Slavonia, covering north-eastern parts of modern Croatia and region of Syrmia in modern Serbia.


lexentry: eng/Slavophilia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Slavophilia
trans_list: slavophilie | slavophilisme
sense:
Ideological commitment to maintaining traditional Slavic culture and values and resisting non-Slavic influences (as first formulated in 19th-century imperial Russia).


lexentry: eng/Sleeping_Beauty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sleeping Beauty
trans_list: Belle au bois dormant | La Belle au bois dormant
sense:
The main character in this story, who is in unbroken slumber under a magical spell, awaiting the kiss of a prince.


lexentry: eng/Slinky__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slinky
trans_list: Ondamania | Slinky
sense:
A toy in the form of a loose metal (originally) or plastic spring that can be made to "walk" down stairs as its coils separate and close up.


lexentry: eng/Slovio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slovio
trans_list: slovio
sense:
An artificial language based on the Slavic languages and written in either the Latin or Cyrillic script, intended to be readily understandable by speakers of any modern Slavic language.


lexentry: eng/Slytherin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slytherin
trans_list: Serpentard
sense:
A person having traits associated with Slytherin house from the Harry Potter series, including ambition, cunning, or an affinity for snakes or the colours green and silver.


lexentry: eng/Smurfette_principle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Smurfette principle
trans_list: syndrome de la Schtroumpfette
sense:
The practice in fiction, such as in film and television series, of including only one woman in an otherwise male ensemble.


lexentry: eng/Smyrna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Smyrna
trans_list: Smyrne
sense:
(chiefly, historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError founded in circa the 11th century BC on the site of the present-day Turkish city of İzmir.


lexentry: eng/Snares_penguin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Snares penguin
trans_list: gorfou des Snares
sense:
A species of crested penguin, Eudyptes robustus, which breed on The Snares, an island group off South Island, New Zealand.


lexentry: eng/Snell's_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Snell's law
trans_list: loi de Snell-Descartes de la réfraction
sense:
(optics) the law that, for a ray incident on the interface of two media, the sine of the angle of incidence times the index of the refraction of the first medium is equal to the sine of the angle of refraction times the index of refraction of the second medium


lexentry: eng/Snoopy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Snoopy
trans_list: Snoopy
sense:
Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz; often representing doggish soulfulness.


lexentry: eng/Snow_White__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Snow White
trans_list: Blanche-Neige
sense:
A fictional character in the fairy tale Snow-White and Rose-Red, from Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot collected by the Brothers Grimm.


lexentry: eng/Society_of_Jesus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Society of Jesus
trans_list: Compagnie de Jésus
sense:
An order of Roman Catholic clergy, the Jesuits, having a tradition of education, theological scholarship, and missionary work; formed during the 16th century.


lexentry: eng/Socratic_irony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Socratic irony
trans_list: ironie socratique
sense:
The practice or act of asking someone a question, as though ignorant of the answer, in order to show a flaw in their argument.


lexentry: eng/Sod's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sod's law
trans_list: loi de l'emmerdement maximum
sense:
(chiefly, UK) The principle that what can go wrong, will go wrong, usually with some observed degree of irony


lexentry: eng/Sodom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sodom
trans_list: Sodome
sense:
(biblical, Quranic) A city in the Middle East which, according to the Bible and Islamic tradition, but not specifically named in the Qur'an, was destroyed by God (along with Gomorrah) for the sins of its inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Sogdiana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sogdiana
trans_list: Sogdiane
sense:
An ancient Iranian-speaking civilization of what is today eastern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan.


lexentry: eng/Solar_System__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Solar System
trans_list: système solaire
sense:
(astronomy) The Sun and all the heavenly bodies that orbit around it, including the eight planets, their moons, the asteroids, and comets.


lexentry: eng/Sologne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sologne
trans_list: Sologne
sense:
A natural region between the French departments of Loiret, Loir-et-Cher and Cher, in Centre-Val de Loire, France.


lexentry: eng/Solomon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Solomon
trans_list: Salomon | Solayman
sense:
(Biblical character) In the Old Testament and Qur'an, a king of Israel famous for his wisdom; father of King Rehoboam and the son of King David.


lexentry: eng/Son_of_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Son of Man
trans_list: Fils de l'homme
sense:
(Christianity) A Christian title of Jesus Christ, referring to his status as a celestial being who presides as an eschatological judge.


lexentry: eng/Song_of_Songs__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Song of Songs
trans_list: Cantique de Cantiques | Cantique de Solomon
sense:
(biblical) The twenty-second book of the Christian Old Testament and the seventeenth book of the Hebrew Bible.


lexentry: eng/Sonoran_Desert__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sonoran Desert
trans_list: désert de Sonora
sense:
A desert which covers large parts of the southwestern United States in Arizona and California, and of Northwestern Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Sony_pony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sony pony
trans_list: poney
sense:
(slang, derogatory, video games) A slavish supporter of Sony's video games or consoles; a Sony fanboy


lexentry: eng/Sophene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sophene
trans_list: Sophène
sense:
(historical) Province of ancient Armenia and of the Roman Empire, located to the south-west of Greater Armenia. Independent kingdom from 3rd century B.C. until 90's B.C. Lies in modern-day southeastern Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Sophocles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sophocles
trans_list: Sophocle
sense:
A Greek dramatic poet (ca. 497 BCE – 405 BCE); Sophocles was one of the three greatest Greek tragedians. In the Athenian dramatic competitions of the Festival of Dionysus, he won more first prizes (around 20) than any other playwright, and placed second in all others he participated in. He is best remembered for his Oedipus Cycle of plays.


lexentry: eng/Soulagean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Soulagean
trans_list: soulagien | soulagésien
sense:
Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, associated with, or suggestive of French abstract painter Pierre Soulages (born 1919), his works, or his authorship; especially of his use of the black color.


lexentry: eng/Sound__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sound
trans_list: Sund | Øresund
sense:
The strait that separates Zealand (an island of Denmark) from Scania (part of Sweden); also sometimes called by the Danish name, Øresund.


lexentry: eng/South_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South America
trans_list: Amérique du Sud
sense:
The continent that is the southern part of the Americas. It is east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, south of North America and north of Antarctica.


lexentry: eng/South_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Asia
trans_list: Asie du Sud
sense:
All the countries of the Indian subcontinent (principally India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan) and the Indian Ocean (principally Sri Lanka, Maldives)


lexentry: eng/South_Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Caucasus
trans_list: Caucase du Sud | Transcaucasie
sense:
A mountainous region in the easternmost part of Europe, lying between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising republics of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Also known as Transcaucasus.


lexentry: eng/South_China_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South China Sea
trans_list: mer de Chine méridionale | Mer de Chine méridionale
sense:
The western arm of the Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland and Taiwan, Borneo and the Philippines.


lexentry: eng/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
trans_list: Géorgie du Sud-et-les Îles Sandwich du Sud
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A territory of inhospitable islands, composed of the South Georgia island group, and the South Sandwich Islands chain.


lexentry: eng/South_India__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South India
trans_list: Inde du Sud
sense:
The southern region of India, comprising the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. These regions speak mainly Dravidian languages, and have distinct cuisine and culture.


lexentry: eng/South_Ossetia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Ossetia
trans_list: Ossétie du Sud
sense:
A disputed region in the South Caucasus. Formally recognized as a part of Georgia by most countries, but de facto an independent country fully named Republic of South Ossetia, with capital city Tskhinvali.


lexentry: eng/South_Pole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Pole
trans_list: pôle Sud
sense:
(geography) The Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole; the point which south is oriented towards, and therefore the southernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of -90°).


lexentry: eng/South_Vietnam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Vietnam
trans_list: République du Viêt Nam
sense:
(historical) A state, officially the Republic of Vietnam, that governed southern Vietnam in 1955–1975.


lexentry: eng/South_West_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South West Africa
trans_list: Sud-Ouest africain
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, which gained independence in 1990 and was renamed to Namibia.


lexentry: eng/South_Yemen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Yemen
trans_list: Yémen du Sud
sense:
(historical) A former country in the Middle East from 1967 until 1990; full name People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.


lexentry: eng/South__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: South
trans_list: sud
sense:
(US) The south-eastern states of the United States, including many of the same states as formed the Confederacy.


lexentry: eng/Southeast_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southeast Asia
trans_list: Asie du Sud-Est
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising the territories of Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.


lexentry: eng/Southern_Altai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southern Altai
trans_list: altaï
sense:
A Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic, Russia on the border of Mongolia and the People's Republic of China. There is no mutual intelligibility with Northern Altai.


lexentry: eng/Southern_Cross__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southern Cross
trans_list: Croix du Sud
sense:
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross, which appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.


lexentry: eng/Southern_Ocean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southern Ocean
trans_list: océan Antarctique | océan Austral | océan glacial Antarctique
sense:
The portion of the World Ocean surrounding Antarctica, variously taken as the waters south of the Antarctic Circle, the waters south of 60° S, or the waters bounded by the Antarctic Convergence.


lexentry: eng/Soviet_Russia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Soviet Russia
trans_list: Russie soviétique
sense:
The unofficial term used for the former Russian Republic for a short period after its collapse - from 7 November 1917 (October Revolution) to 19 July 1918 (1st RSFSR Constitution) or to 30 December 1922 (Treaty on the Creation of the USSR). Also used to refer to the Soviet Union as a whole in the early stages.


lexentry: eng/Space_Race__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Space Race
trans_list: course à l'espace
sense:
The informal competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to launch unmanned satellites, send people into space and land them on the Moon.


lexentry: eng/Space_Shuttle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Space Shuttle
trans_list: navette spatiale
sense:
A space transportation system developed by NASA consisting of a reusable winged orbiter, a set of recoverable booster rockets, and a fuel tank.


lexentry: eng/Spanish_Netherlands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spanish Netherlands
trans_list: Pays-Bas espagnols
sense:
(plurale tantum, historical) The southern part of the Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg) during and after the Eighty Years' War, ruled by Spain and lasting from 1581 to 1713.


lexentry: eng/Spanish_Road__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spanish Road
trans_list: chemin des Espagnols | couloir sarde
sense:
(historical) A land route which was used from 1567–1620 for military supply and trade, and stretched from northern Italy to the Low Countries.


lexentry: eng/Spanish_Sign_Language__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spanish Sign Language
trans_list: langue des signes espagnole
sense:
A language that uses hands, facial expressions, and other bodily behavior to communicate both concrete and abstract ideas.


lexentry: eng/Spanish_fly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spanish fly
trans_list: cantharide
sense:
(uncountable) A supposed aphrodisiac extracted from the beetle Lytta vesicatoria; cantharidin, the active ingredient, a vesicant used as a defence by L. vesicatoria and other blister beetles.


lexentry: eng/Spanish_influenza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spanish influenza
trans_list: grippe espagnole
sense:
(pathology) A form of influenza that spread to nearly every part of the world in a pandemic between 1918 and 1920, killing from 20 to 100 million people.


lexentry: eng/Spanish_moss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spanish moss
trans_list: barbe de vieillard | fille de l'air | mousse espagnole
sense:
A gray epiphyte that hangs down from trees, Tillandsia usneoides, native to the southeastern US and throughout humid tropical and subtropical parts of the Americas.


lexentry: eng/Spartacus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spartacus
trans_list: Spartacus
sense:
A Thracian name, notably borne by a gladiator who was one of the slave leaders in a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.


lexentry: eng/Sphinx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sphinx
trans_list: Sphinx
sense:
(usually, with "the") An ancient, large statue in Egypt, with the face of a man and the body of a lion, lying near the Great Pyramids.


lexentry: eng/Sphinx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sphinx
trans_list: Sphinx
sense:
(Greek mythology) One of the many offspring of Typhon and Echidna, a winged lion-like creature with a woman's face, who committed suicide out of frustration after Oedipus managed to solve her riddles.


lexentry: eng/Spidey-sense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spidey-sense
trans_list: sens d'araignée
sense:
(humorous) An intuitive feeling, usually of something being dangerous or risky; (more generally) instinct, intuition.


lexentry: eng/Spiritism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spiritism
trans_list: spiritisme
sense:
A philosophical doctrine, established in France in the mid nineteenth century, postulating that humans are essentially immortal spirits that temporarily inhabit physical bodies, and may have influence on the physical world.


lexentry: eng/Spree__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spree
trans_list: Spree
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows through Lusatia and into Berlin, where it flows into the Havel.


lexentry: eng/Springtime_of_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Springtime of Nations
trans_list: Printemps des peuples | Printemps des révolutions
sense:
(history, European history) A period, sometimes confounded with the Age of Revolution in Europe and/or the pre-March era (Vormärz) specifically in Germany; variously beginning in 1789 (the French Revolution) or (in Germany) either in 1815 (German Confederation) or 1830 (French July Revolution) and leading up to to the Revolutions of 1848.


lexentry: eng/Sranan_Tongo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sranan Tongo
trans_list: sranan
sense:
A creole language spoken as a first language by approximately 126,000 people in Suriname, the mother tongue of the Creoles.


lexentry: eng/St._Elmo's_fire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: St. Elmo's fire
trans_list: feu de Saint-Elme
sense:
An electrical discharge, or corona, seen around pointed objects, caused by ionization of the atmosphere during storms.


lexentry: eng/St._Stephen's_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: St. Stephen's Day
trans_list: Fête de la Saint-Étienne
sense:
(Christianity) A Christian holiday commemorating Saint Stephen the protomartyr (first Christian martyr; died 34 C.E.), falling immediately after Christmas Day (on December 26 in the Western Church and on December 27 in the Eastern Orthodox Church).


lexentry: eng/St_John's_wort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: St John's wort
trans_list: millepertuis
sense:
Any of several plants, of the genus Hypericum, especially Hypericum perforatum, that have yellow flowers and traditionally ward off evil.


lexentry: eng/Stableford__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stableford
trans_list: stableford
sense:
(golf) A scoring system in the sport of golf that involves scoring points based on the number of strokes taken at each hole; (by extension) a game played according to this system.


lexentry: eng/Stakhanovite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stakhanovite
trans_list: stakhanoviste
sense:
(historical) An extremely productive or hard-working worker, especially in the former USSR, who may earn special rewards; a workaholic.


lexentry: eng/Stalin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stalin
trans_list: Staline
sense:
A surname from Russian; usually referring to the Russian [empire, republic] revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Joseph Stalin.


lexentry: eng/Standard_Model__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Standard Model
trans_list: modèle standard
sense:
(particle physics) A theory about the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions that mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles.


lexentry: eng/Star_Trek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Star Trek
trans_list: Star Trek
sense:
A popular sci-fi media franchise set in the future, primarily focusing on the adventures of the personnel of a space navy of an interstellar political federation of which Earth is a charter member.


lexentry: eng/Star_Wars__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Star Wars
trans_list: Guerre des étoiles | Star Wars
sense:
An American epic space opera franchise centered on a film series created by George Lucas in a setting where futuristic technology co-exists with a semi-sentient form of magic/religion called the Force.


lexentry: eng/Star_of_Bethlehem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Star of Bethlehem
trans_list: étoile de Bethléem | étoile de Noël
sense:
(Biblical) The bright star in the Gospel of Matthew that lead the "wise men from the East" to travel to Bethlehem.


lexentry: eng/Star_of_David__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Star of David
trans_list: étoile de David
sense:
A symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism, having the shape of a hexagram, the compound of two equilateral triangles.


lexentry: eng/Start_button__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Start button
trans_list: mise en service
sense:
(computing, GUI) a labeled button in some versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system that opens the Start menu.


lexentry: eng/Start_menu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Start menu
trans_list: menu démarrer
sense:
(computing) A menu in some operating systems that is launched by pressing an on-screen button and provides a central launching point for applications and tasks.


lexentry: eng/Stasi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stasi
trans_list: Stasi
sense:
(derogatory) People who engage in covert surveillence or similar activities associated with secret police.


lexentry: eng/State_of_Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: State of Palestine
trans_list: État de Palestine
sense:
The country established in West Bank and Gaza Strip, including occupied Palestinian territories and those under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority.


lexentry: eng/State_of_the_Union__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: State of the Union
trans_list: le Discours sur l'état de l'Union
sense:
(US politics) The State of the Union address, an annual event in which a president of the United States reports the status of the country, normally to a joint session of the United States Congress.


lexentry: eng/Statue_of_Liberty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Statue of Liberty
trans_list: statue de la Liberté
sense:
A very large statue in New York harbor, representing the Roman goddess Libertas, and considered emblematic of the United States and its attractiveness to voluntary immigrants.


lexentry: eng/Stendhalian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stendhalian
trans_list: stendhalien
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of French novelist Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842), known as Stendhal.


lexentry: eng/Stigmata__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stigmata
trans_list: stigmates
sense:
(religion, Christianity) bodily marks or sores, corresponding in location to the crucifixion wounds of Christ; supposed to occur during states of religious ecstasy or hysteria, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically


lexentry: eng/Stone_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stone Age
trans_list: âge de pierre | Âge de la pierre
sense:
(archaeology, paleontology) A broad prehistoric period during which humans widely used stone for toolmaking.


lexentry: eng/Stone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stone
trans_list: brique
sense:
(countable) An English occupational and habitational surname from Old English, for someone who lived near a stone worked with stone, from Old English stan.


lexentry: eng/Strabo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strabo
trans_list: Strabon
sense:
(63/64 B.C.E. – ca. 24 C.E.) Ancient Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian from Amaseia in Pontus.


lexentry: eng/Stradivarius__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stradivarius
trans_list: stradivarius
sense:
(musical instruments) A stringed instrument built by members of the Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari.


lexentry: eng/Strait_of_Dover__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strait of Dover
trans_list: Pas de Calais
sense:
A strait in the English Channel, connecting to the North Sea, between Dover (England) and Calais (France)


lexentry: eng/Strait_of_Magellan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strait of Magellan
trans_list: détroit de Magellan
sense:
A navigable sea route between the southern coast of Chile and the northern coast of Tierra del Fuego.


lexentry: eng/Strait_of_Messina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strait of Messina
trans_list: détroit de Messine
sense:
The narrow section of water between the eastern tip of Sicily and the southern tip of mainland Italy.


lexentry: eng/Strasbourg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strasbourg
trans_list: Strasbourg
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; located in the historic region of Alsace, near the border with Germany and at various historical points a part of Germany.


lexentry: eng/Stratford-on-Avon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stratford-on-Avon
trans_list: Stratford-on-Avon
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, birthplace of William Shakespeare. Often used as a byword for a particularly idyllic or historic town.


lexentry: eng/Streisand_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Streisand effect
trans_list: effet Streisand
sense:
A phenomenon in which attempting to suppress an item of information attracts even more unwanted attention, thus furthering its dissemination.


lexentry: eng/Stymphalian_bird__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stymphalian bird
trans_list: oiseaux du lac Stymphale
sense:
(Greek mythology) A man-eating bird with a bronze beak and sharp metallic feathers it could launch at its victims, which infested Stymphalus. They were slain by Herakles as part of his sixth Labour, who took advantage of their sensitive sense of hearing.


lexentry: eng/Styria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Styria
trans_list: Styrie
sense:
(historical) The Duchy of Styria, a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia.


lexentry: eng/Sublime_Porte__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sublime Porte
trans_list: Sublime Porte
sense:
(figuratively) A pars pro toto for the Ottoman sultanic court, hence for the imperial government, notably the vizierial divan and the entire empire, or a personage with a similar standing.


lexentry: eng/Sukkot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sukkot
trans_list: scénopégie | Soukkot | Souccot | fête des Cabanes | fête des Huttes | fête des Tabernacles
sense:
(Judaism) An ancient biblical / Israelite / Jewish festival lasting seven days, celebrating the autumn harvest and commemorating the passage through the wilderness: observed from the 15th day to the 21 day of the month of Tishrei (Tishri).


lexentry: eng/Sumerogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sumerogram
trans_list: sumérogramme
sense:
(linguistics) A Sumerian cuneiform symbol used as a logogram in another language, such as Akkadian or Hittite.


lexentry: eng/Summer_Triangle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Summer Triangle
trans_list: Triangle d'été
sense:
(asterism) A bright asterism of the northern summer sky. Its corners are the three 1st-magnitude stars Altair (α Aql), Deneb (α Cyg), and Vega (α Lyr).


lexentry: eng/Sun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sun
trans_list: Soleil
sense:
The star at the center of the Solar System (our solar system), which shines in our sky, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☉.


lexentry: eng/Sunday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sunday
trans_list: dimanche
sense:
The first day of the week in many religious traditions, and the seventh day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 standard; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day; it follows Saturday and precedes Monday.


lexentry: eng/Sunday_best__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sunday best
trans_list: endimanché
sense:
(idiomatic) A person's finest clothing, especially the clothes one reserves to wear to church on Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Sunni_Islam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sunni Islam
trans_list: sunnisme
sense:
(Islam) The largest branch of Islam, followed by around 1.7 billion people, whose adherents believe that Muhammad died without appointing a successor, leading to the election of Abu Bakr as the legitimate leader of the Muslim community.


lexentry: eng/Superman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Superman
trans_list: Superman
sense:
A fictional comic-book superhero with superhuman strength and speed, X-ray vision, and the ability to fly. [from 1933.]


lexentry: eng/Suprematism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Suprematism
trans_list: suprématisme
sense:
(arts) A genre of abstract art based on simple geometric forms championed by the Russian avant-garde in the early twentieth century.


lexentry: eng/Supreme_Leader__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Supreme Leader
trans_list: Guide suprême
sense:
The head of state and commander-in-chief of the entire armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with the authority to dismiss the Iranian president. The Supreme Leader is also the highest-ranking spiritual leader in Iran.


lexentry: eng/Surzhyk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Surzhyk
trans_list: sourjyk | surzhyk
sense:
A pidgin language or interlanguage combining elements of Russian and Ukrainian, spoken mainly in Ukraine but also some neighbouring regions in Russia (Kursk, Voronezh and Belgorod) or Ukrainians living in Russia.


lexentry: eng/Swabian_Turkey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swabian Turkey
trans_list: Turquie Souabe
sense:
A region of southwestern Hungary inhabited by an ethnic German minority who settled there, beginning in the late 1600s after the land was conquered from the Ottoman Empire, from the Palatinate, Hesse, Swabia, Bavaria and elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/Swadesh_list__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swadesh list
trans_list: liste Swadesh
sense:
(linguistics) One of the lists of vocabulary with universal test meanings/concepts developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950-70s.


lexentry: eng/Swahili__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swahili
trans_list: swahili | souahéli
sense:
An agglutinative language of the Bantu branch widely spoken in East Africa. Born in its modern form from the hybridization of the Arabic and Bantu cultures, it was the language of the traders in East Africa, and spread along the routes of trade.


lexentry: eng/Swazi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swazi
trans_list: Swazi
sense:
A person from Swaziland/Eswatini or of Swazi/Swati descent originally migrating from Central Africa.


lexentry: eng/Swazi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swazi
trans_list: swati
sense:
A Bantu language primarily spoken in Swaziland/Eswatini and the South African regions adjacent to it.


lexentry: eng/Swedenborgian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swedenborgian
trans_list: swedenborgien | swédenborgien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Emanuel Swedenborg (born Emanuel Swedberg in 1688), Swedish scientist, philosopher, Christian mystic and theologian.


lexentry: eng/Swedenborgianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swedenborgianism
trans_list: swedenborgianisme | swedenborgisme | swédenborgianisme | swédenborgisme
sense:
(historical) Any of several related Christian denominations that developed as a new religious movement, informed by the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg.


lexentry: eng/Swedish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swedish
trans_list: suédois
sense:
The language of Sweden and Åland (an autonomous part of Finland). Swedish is also one of the two official languages of Finland, spoken by 6% of the citizens. A very small minority in Estonia has Swedish as their mother tongue.


lexentry: eng/Swedish_massage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swedish massage
trans_list: massage suédois
sense:
A popular style of massage involving effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, and vibration/shaking as the basic strokes.


lexentry: eng/Swedish_mile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swedish mile
trans_list: mille
sense:
A unit of measure used in Sweden and other parts of Scandinavia, today with a length of 10 kilometres, but formerly with different values.


lexentry: eng/Swiss_Army_knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swiss Army knife
trans_list: couteau suisse
sense:
Any of a class of multi-function pocket knives or multitools, having a blade and various tools, such as screwdrivers and can openers.


lexentry: eng/Swiss_roll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swiss roll
trans_list: roulé | rouleau de génoise
sense:
A type of sponge cake rolled up into a cylinder, typically but not exclusively with jam or chocolate filling.


lexentry: eng/Sydney__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Sydney
trans_list: Sydney
sense:
(uncountable) TemplateParserError:LuaError, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island.


lexentry: eng/Syr_Darya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Syr Darya
trans_list: Syr-Daria | Cach | Shash | Sirr
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, running parallel to the Amu Darya. Known in classical times as Jaxartes.


lexentry: eng/Syracusan__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Syracusan
trans_list: syracusain
sense:
Of or belonging to Syracuse, a city in Sicily, Italy, or of the city of Syracuse in central New York State.


lexentry: eng/T-bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T-bar
trans_list: arbalète
sense:
(skiing) A type of ski lift where skiers/snowboarders are dragged up the ski run while they slide along on their skis/snowboards on the slope. They hang onto a T-shaped bar, a crossbar handle and a lead shaft linking to the drive cable.


lexentry: eng/T-beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T-beam
trans_list: fer à T
sense:
(construction, mechanical engineering) A structural member with a cross section shaped like the letter T.


lexentry: eng/T-shirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T-shirt
trans_list: tee-shirt | t-shirt | T-shirt | chandail | ticheurte
sense:
A lightweight shirt without buttons, usually with short sleeves and no collar. Often made of cotton and frequently bears a picture or slogan.


lexentry: eng/T-square__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T-square
trans_list: règle en T
sense:
A rule with a short perpendicular crosspiece at one end, used by draughtsmen to draw parallel lines.


lexentry: eng/TERF__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: TERF
trans_list: TERF
sense:
(see usage notes) A trans-exclusionary radical feminist; a radical feminist who does not consider trans women to be women, or thinks they should not be included in female spaces or organisations, and who considers trans men to be women; a transphobic person.


lexentry: eng/TTBOMK__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: TTBOMK
trans_list: pour autant que je sache
sense:
(Internet slang) Initialism of to the best of my knowledge, indicating uncertainty in spite of having some knowledge on the subject.


lexentry: eng/T_tubule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T tubule
trans_list: tubule T | tubule transverse
sense:
(anatomy) One of the extensions of the cell membrane of striated muscle cells, running in a transverse manner, that permit the transmission of the action potential into the cell and regulate cellular calcium concentration.


lexentry: eng/Tabasco__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tabasco
trans_list: tabasco
sense:
A spicy pepper sauce made from tabasco pepper (a chili pepper) with the addition of vinegar and salt.


lexentry: eng/Tacitus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tacitus
trans_list: Tacite
sense:
A Roman cognomen, notably borne by Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c.56–117), a historian of ancient Rome and Marcus Claudius Tacitus (c.200–275), a Roman emperor.


lexentry: eng/Taimyr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taimyr
trans_list: Taïmyr
sense:
A large peninsula in the Russian North that forms the northernmost part of mainland Eurasia and Asia in Krasnoyarsk kray, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Taiwan_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taiwan Strait
trans_list: détroit de Formose | détroit de Taïwan
sense:
The strait dividing mainland Asia (China) from Taiwan island and connecting the East and South China Seas.


lexentry: eng/Taj_Mahal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taj Mahal
trans_list: Taj Mahal
sense:
A monument located in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world.


lexentry: eng/Tajik__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tajik
trans_list: tadjik
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to Tajikistan, the Tajik people (living in Tajikistan and Afghanistan) or the Tajiki dialect of Persian.


lexentry: eng/Taliban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taliban
trans_list: talibans
sense:
A Deobandi Islamist and largely Pashtun religious political movement founded in Afghanistan in 1994 by mullah Mohammad Omar, which has governed the country from 1996 to 2001 and since 2021.


lexentry: eng/Talmud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Talmud
trans_list: Talmud | talmud
sense:
A collection of Jewish writings related to the practical application of Judaic law and tradition (may refer to either the Babylonian Talmud or the shorter Jerusalem Talmud).


lexentry: eng/Tamil_Tigers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tamil Tigers
trans_list: Tigres de libération de l'Eelam tamoul | Tigres tamouls
sense:
A former guerrilla and conventional militant organization that sought the establishment of an independent homeland () in the northeast of Sri Lanka for the minority Tamil community.


lexentry: eng/Tamil__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tamil
trans_list: tamoul | tamil
sense:
(uncountable) A Dravidian language spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India and in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia.


lexentry: eng/Tanganyika__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tanganyika
trans_list: Tanganyika
sense:
A former British mandate and territory and, between 1961 and 1964, an independent country in East Africa.


lexentry: eng/Tantalus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tantalus
trans_list: Tantale
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Phrygian king who was condemned to remain in Tartarus, chin-deep in water, with fruit-laden branches hanging above his head; whenever he tried to drink or eat, the water and fruit receded out of reach.


lexentry: eng/Taoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taoism
trans_list: taoïsme
sense:
A Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the 6th century B.C.E. that teaches conformity to the tao by unassertive action and simplicity.


lexentry: eng/Tartarus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tartarus
trans_list: Tartare
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A dark and gloomy part of the realm of Hades, reserved for the damned and the wicked, such as the Titans; an equivalent of hell in Greek and Roman mythology.


lexentry: eng/Tasmania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tasmania
trans_list: Tasmanie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, consisting of one large, eponymous and several much smaller islands, off the eastern part of Australia's south coast, having its capital at Hobart.


lexentry: eng/Tasmania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Tasmania
trans_list: Tasmanie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError comprising the majority of the state of Tasmania's land area and on which most of its inhabitants live.


lexentry: eng/Tasmanian_devil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tasmanian devil
trans_list: diable de Tasmanie
sense:
A medium-sized carnivorous marsupial (Sarcophilus harrisii) found exclusively on the island of Tasmania.


lexentry: eng/Tatar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tatar
trans_list: Tatare | Tartare | Tatar
sense:
A person belonging to one of several Turkic, Tatar-speaking ethnic groups in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.


lexentry: eng/Tatar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tatar
trans_list: tatar | Tatar
sense:
An agglutinative language belonging to the Altai group of Turkic languages. It is an official language of Tatarstan. There are some eight million speakers spread across Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.


sense_num: 01
sense: TemplateParserError:LuaError.
written_rep: Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu
trans_list: Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu
lexentry:
eng/Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu__Proper_noun__1


lexentry: eng/Taurus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taurus
trans_list: Taureau
sense:
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a bull and containing the star Aldebaran.


lexentry: eng/Taurus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Taurus
trans_list: Taureau
sense:
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the bull, ruled by Venus and covering April 21 - May 21 (tropical astrology) or May 16 - June 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Taurus__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taurus
trans_list: Taurus
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, almost 4000 metres high and running parallel to the Mediterranean coast


lexentry: eng/Taylorism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Taylorism
trans_list: taylorisme
sense:
Scientific management; a theory of management of the early 20th century that analyzed workflows in order to improve efficiency, originally developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor.


lexentry: eng/Tchaikovsky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tchaikovsky
trans_list: Tchaïkovski
sense:
A transliteration of the Russian surname Чайко́вский (Čajkóvskij), usually applying to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.


lexentry: eng/Telescopium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Telescopium
trans_list: Télescope
sense:
(constellation) A small faint constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a telescope. It lies south of the constellation of Corona Australis.


lexentry: eng/Telesphoros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Telesphoros
trans_list: Télesphore
sense:
(Greek god) A god/personification of recuperation from illness or injury. He is a healer and a son of Asclepius and Epione.


lexentry: eng/Teletext__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Teletext
trans_list: télétexte
sense:
(UK, Ireland) A text-based information retrieval system using television sets with a suitable decoder; developed by the BBC.


lexentry: eng/Teletubby__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Teletubby
trans_list: Télétubby
sense:
Any of the four color-coded robotic tubby creatures in the BBC children's television series Teletubbies.


lexentry: eng/Temple_Mount__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Temple Mount
trans_list: Mont du Temple
sense:
One of the hills in Jerusalem, where King Solomon built his great temple, which was destroyed twice (the hill ultimately leveled, leaving only the Wailing Wall venerated by Jews) and today an Islamic compound/courtyard enclosing the Foundation Stone atop which sit the Dome of the Rock, and containing the Al-Aqsa Mosque and other Islamic-era structures.


lexentry: eng/Temple__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Temple
trans_list: Temple
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, historical) Any of the former chief temples to YHWH in Jerusalem, particularly Solomon's Temple.


lexentry: eng/Temple__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Temple
trans_list: Temple
sense:
Either of two of the Inns of Court in London (the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple), built on a site once occupied by the Knights Templar.


lexentry: eng/Temple_of_Heaven__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Temple of Heaven
trans_list: Temple du ciel
sense:
A religious complex in southeastern Beijing, formerly important to Chinese imperial rituals; the present-day park surrounding and preserving the site.


lexentry: eng/Tempo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tempo
trans_list: Tempo
sense:
(Quebec, automotive) A type of car shelter, a temporary kit-built prefabricated steel-framed high tunnel peaked hoop house with an impermeable translucent plastic fabric cover, and flap doors.


lexentry: eng/Ten_Commandments__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ten Commandments
trans_list: dix commandements | Décalogue
sense:
(religion) A particular list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Old Testament of the Bible or the Hebrew Bible, were twice given or dictated by God to Moses on Mount Sinai and inscribed on two stone tablets.


lexentry: eng/Tengrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tengrism
trans_list: tengrisme
sense:
A Central Asian religion characterized by features of shamanism, animism, totemism, both polytheism and monotheism, and ancestor worship. It was the state religion of the six ancient Turkic states.


lexentry: eng/Terpsichore__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Terpsichore
trans_list: Terpsichore
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of dance and the dramatic chorus, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus & Mnemosyne.


lexentry: eng/Terracotta_Army__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Terracotta Army
trans_list: armée de Terracotta | armée de terre cuite
sense:
A collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, located in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.


lexentry: eng/Terreneuvian__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Terreneuvian
trans_list: terreneuvien
sense:
Synonym of Newfoundland French, a dialect of French found on the Island of Newfoundland, in Canada; on the French Shore.


