# translation

lexentry: eng/-ability__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ability
trans_list: -abilité
sense:
Forms a noun from a verb or an adjective by changing from -able; ability, inclination or suitability for a specified function or condition.


lexentry: eng/-aemia__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -aemia
trans_list: -émie
sense:
(British spelling, medicine) Blood; presence in blood (of a substance denoted by an affixed combining form); state or condition of the blood.


lexentry: eng/-an__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -an
trans_list: -ane
sense:
Of or pertaining to; an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. (Often added to words of Latin origin, but also used with words of other origins. When a word ends in a, -n is used instead.)


lexentry: eng/-ancy__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ancy
trans_list: -ance | -ancie
sense:
Added to verbs and adjectives to form nouns conveying a condition or quality associated with the verb.


lexentry: eng/-ane__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ane
trans_list: -ane
sense:
Variant of -an, usually with differentiation (germane, humane, urbane), but sometimes alone (mundane).


lexentry: eng/-ate__Suffix__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: -ate
trans_list: -ate
sense:
(chemistry, in nouns) a derivative of a specified element or compound; especially a salt or ester of an acid whose name ends in -ic


lexentry: eng/-drome__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -drome
trans_list: -drome
sense:
(literary) Forms placenames related to racetracks (now especially large covered racetracks) or similar structures.


lexentry: eng/-ee__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ee
trans_list: -é | -ée
sense:
Added to transitive verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the object of that verb (i.e., to whom or to which an action is done).


lexentry: eng/-ee__Suffix__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: -ee
trans_list: -eur | -euse
sense:
(law) Used to form words meaning a person who is the other party to a contract or other transaction involving a person described by the corresponding word ending in -or.


lexentry: eng/-elect__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -elect
trans_list: futur
sense:
Used after a title to indicate that the person has been elected to hold the title, but has not yet officially taken it.


lexentry: eng/-er__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -er
trans_list: -eur | -euse
sense:
(added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun.


lexentry: eng/-er__Suffix__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: -er
trans_list: -eur | -euse
sense:
(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root.


lexentry: eng/-er__Suffix__5
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -er
trans_list: plus
sense:
(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative.


lexentry: eng/-ese__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ese
trans_list: -ais | -ois
sense:
Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people.


lexentry: eng/-est__Suffix__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -est
trans_list: -es | -is | -s
sense:
(archaic, dialectal) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs. (if thou is the subject; not used with you)


lexentry: eng/-gon__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -gon
trans_list: -gone
sense:
(geometry) Forms the names of plane figures containing a given number of angles, and thus bounded by that number of line segments (polygons). If the number is large enough, it can take the hyphenated suffix directly.


lexentry: eng/-ible__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ible
trans_list: -ible
sense:
An adjective suffix, now usually in a passive sense; forms adjectives meaning "able to be", "relevant or suitable to, in accordance with", or expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense.


lexentry: eng/-ic__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ic
trans_list: -ique
sense:
(chemistry) Used to denote certain chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a higher oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ous. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃).


lexentry: eng/-illiard__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -illiard
trans_list: -illiard
sense:
Combined with Latin prefixes for names of integers in order to form names of large numbers as 106n+3.


lexentry: eng/-illion__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -illion
trans_list: -illion
sense:
Combined with Latin prefixes for names of integers in order to form names of powers of a million or of a thousand greater than 1,000,000. Thus we have the names billion, trillion, etc.


lexentry: eng/-ing__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ing
trans_list: -age | -ment | -tion
sense:
Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.


lexentry: eng/-ing__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ing
trans_list: -age
sense:
Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.


lexentry: eng/-ish__Suffix__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: -ish
trans_list: -ais | -ain | -aine | -aise | -ois | -oise
sense:
(of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions) Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something).


lexentry: eng/-ism__Suffix__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: -ism
trans_list: -isme
sense:
Used to form names of a tendency of behaviour, action, state, condition or opinion belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology or principle or lack thereof.


lexentry: eng/-ite__Suffix__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: -ite
trans_list: -ite
sense:
(chemistry) Used to form names of certain chemical compounds, especially salts or esters of acids whose name ends in -ous.


lexentry: eng/-itis__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -itis
trans_list: -ite
sense:
(pathology) Suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection.


lexentry: eng/-ity__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ity
trans_list: -ité | -té
sense:
Used to form an uncountable noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.


lexentry: eng/-ive__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ive
trans_list: -if | -ive
sense:
An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to, or serving to; as: affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.


lexentry: eng/-ization__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ization
trans_list: -isation
sense:
A suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing something, or of making something.


lexentry: eng/-less__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -less
trans_list: sans
sense:
Lacking (something); without (something). Added usually to a noun to form an adjective signifying a lack of that noun.


lexentry: eng/-ly__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ly
trans_list: -ment
sense:
Used to form adjectives from nouns, the adjectives having the sense of "appearing like, resembling, or having the likeness of what is denoted by the noun".


lexentry: eng/-mancy__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -mancy
trans_list: -mancie
sense:
(fantasy) Variety of magic, especially that controlling or related to a specific element, substance, or theme.


lexentry: eng/-ness__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ness
trans_list: -ité | -esse
sense:
Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)".


lexentry: eng/-nomy__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -nomy
trans_list: -nomie
sense:
a system of rules, laws, or knowledge about a body of a particular field; distribution, arrangement, management


lexentry: eng/-oid__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -oid
trans_list: -oïde
sense:
Resembling; having the likeness of (usually including the concept of not being the same despite the likeness, but counterexamples exist).


lexentry: eng/-ology__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -ology
trans_list: -ologie
sense:
(often, humorous) added to an ordinary English word to create a name for a (possibly non-existent) field of study.


lexentry: eng/-oma__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -oma
trans_list: -ome
sense:
(pathology, specifically) Forming nouns indicating tumors or masses, which may be non-neoplastic or (more often) neoplastic, and (if the latter) either benign or cancerous (malignant); in accord with present-day understanding of histopathology, the suffix is now nonproductive for non-neoplastic senses.


lexentry: eng/-on__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -on
trans_list: -on
sense:
(physics, maths, and, biology) Forming nouns denoting subatomic particles (proton), quanta (photon), molecular units (codon), or substances (interferon).


lexentry: eng/-on__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -on
trans_list: -on
sense:
(biology, genetics) Forming names of things considered as basic or fundamental units, such as codon or recon.


lexentry: eng/-philia__Suffix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: -philia
trans_list: -philie
sense:
(pathology) Used to form nouns meaning abnormal liking or tendency (for something), e.g. paraphilia.


lexentry: eng/-san__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -san
trans_list: -san
sense:
Honorific ending used to indicate a person is Japanese or talking with Japanese, or treated like Japanese.


lexentry: eng/-ship__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ship
trans_list: -esse | -eur
sense:
Appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union. In particular, the way a set of social duties associated with a particular role shapes or develop's one's character.


lexentry: eng/-stan__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -stan
trans_list: -stan
sense:
Used in the names of regions in the Middle East and Central Asia which were historically influenced by Persian and Turkic cultures.


lexentry: eng/-th__Suffix__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -th
trans_list: -ième
sense:
(mathematics) Used to form a term denoting the ordinal numeral corresponding to the value, being a natural number, of a mathematical expression.


lexentry: eng/-tion__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -tion
trans_list: -tion
sense:
(non-productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used.


lexentry: eng/-uria__Suffix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -uria
trans_list: -urie
sense:
(pathology) urine; urination; presence in urine (of a substance denoted by a prefixed combining form); state or condition of the urine.


lexentry: eng/-ware__Suffix__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: -ware
trans_list: -ciel
sense:
Used to form mass nouns denoting specific classes of computer software, based on use, function, or method of distribution.


lexentry: eng/15_minutes_of_fame__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 15 minutes of fame
trans_list: heure de gloire | quart d'heure de gloire
sense:
(idiomatic) A very short time in the spotlight or brief flurry with fame, after which the person or subject involved is quickly forgotten.


lexentry: eng/15_puzzle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 15 puzzle
trans_list: jeu de taquin
sense:
A sliding-block puzzle with 15 sequentially numbered square tiles in a 4×4 frame, the aim being to arrange the numbers in order by sliding one at a time horizontally or vertically into the single available space.


lexentry: eng/1992__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 1992
trans_list: mille neuf cent quatre-vingt-douze
sense:
(economics) The commencement of the single market trade association of European Union countries, on January 1, 1993.


lexentry: eng/1_Chronicles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 1 Chronicles
trans_list: 1 Chroniques
sense:
(biblical) The first of the two Books of Chronicles and the thirteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.


lexentry: eng/1_Corinthians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 1 Corinthians
trans_list: 1 Corinthiens
sense:
(biblical) The first book of Corinthians and the seventh book in the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Corinth attributed to Paul the Apostle and Sosthenes.


lexentry: eng/1_Maccabees__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 1 Maccabees
trans_list: 1 Maccabées
sense:
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/1_Thessalonians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 1 Thessalonians
trans_list: 1 Thessaloniciens
sense:
(biblical) The thirteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the first epistle to the Thessalonians.


lexentry: eng/2CV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 2CV
trans_list: cane
sense:
deux chevaux (conventional French shortening of deux chevaux-vapeur "two horsepower") (a model of car by French manufacturer, Citroën)


lexentry: eng/2_Chronicles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 2 Chronicles
trans_list: 2 Chroniques
sense:
(biblical) The second of the two Books of Chronicles and the fourteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.


lexentry: eng/2_Corinthians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 2 Corinthians
trans_list: 2 Corinthiens
sense:
(biblical) The second book of Corinthians and the eighth book in the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Corinth attributed to Paul the Apostle and Timothy.


lexentry: eng/311__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 311
trans_list: 311
sense:
(Canada, United States, telephony) The telephonic service for accessing some local government services, depending on jurisdiction


lexentry: eng/610_Office__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 610 Office
trans_list: bureau 610
sense:
(informal) The Public Security Anti-Xie-Jiao Organization (公安部反邪教组, gong'anbu fanxiejiao zu) in the People's Republic of China


lexentry: eng/811__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: 811
trans_list: 811
sense:
(Canada, United States, telephony) The telephonic service for accessing some government services, depending on jurisdiction


lexentry: eng/A-bomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A-bomb
trans_list: bombe atomique
sense:
(slang) An atomic bomb; a weapon that derives its energy from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power.


lexentry: eng/ABC__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ABC
trans_list: b.a.-ba
sense:
(obsolete) A primer for teaching the Latin alphabet and first elements of reading. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid-17th century.]


lexentry: eng/ACAB__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ACAB
trans_list: ACAB | NTP | mort aux vaches | nique la police
sense:
(derogatory) Initialism of all cops are bastards: an anti-police slogan protesting against police behaviour, often used in graffiti, tattoos, and other imagery.


lexentry: eng/AC__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: AC
trans_list: courant alternatif
sense:
(electricity) Initialism of alternating current (often used to indicate an alternating potential rather than a current).


lexentry: eng/AMT__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: AMT
trans_list: AMT
sense:
(transport) AMT — the former Agence métropolitaine de transport – the Metropolitan Transit Agency; the transit agency for the MMC; now replaced by the RTM - Réseau de transport métropolitain.


lexentry: eng/APEC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: APEC
trans_list: APEC | Coopération économique pour l'Asie-Pacifique
sense:
A regional trade agreement between Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan (under the name Chinese Taipei), Hong Kong, the US, and members of ASEAN.


lexentry: eng/ATV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ATV
trans_list: tout-terrain
sense:
(transportation) Initialism of all-terrain vehicle. (an astride-seated quad or tri-wheeled off-road recreational vehicle).


lexentry: eng/A_level__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A level
trans_list: baccalauréat | bac
sense:
A non-compulsory examination taken in the final two years in British high schools; the qualification obtained by passing such an exam


lexentry: eng/A_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: A major
trans_list: la majeur
sense:
(music) The major key with A as its tonic, with the notes A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯, the key signature of which has three sharps.


lexentry: eng/Aaron's_beard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aaron's beard
trans_list: saxifrage stolonifère
sense:
A common name for several plants that have tufts of stamens. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Aaron's_rod__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Aaron's rod
trans_list: arum tacheté
sense:
(archaic) A rod with one serpent twined around it, as used by Aaron (differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two serpents).


lexentry: eng/Abaza__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abaza
trans_list: abaze | abaza
sense:
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in the Russian autonomous republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, in the Caucasus Mountains, as well as in Turkey. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Abba__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abba
trans_list: père
sense:
(Christianity) Father, an honorific title given to God in the New Testament, especially used in prayers. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/Abbasid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abbasid
trans_list: abasside
sense:
(historical) A member of the dynasty of caliphs that ruled from Baghdad, from about 750 to 1250, claiming ancestry of Abbas.


lexentry: eng/Abecedarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abecedarian
trans_list: abécédaire | abécédarien
sense:
(historical) A member of a 16th-century Anabaptist sect, follower of the Zwickau prophets (and specially of Thomas Storch), who believed that any kind of knowledge (even basic reading and writing) would keep one from reaching obtaining salvation. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Abelian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abelian
trans_list: abélien | abélienne | abélite | abélonien | abélonienne
sense:
(Christianity, historical) A member of a sect in fourth-century Africa mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married but lived in continence after the manner, as they claimed, of Abel.


lexentry: eng/Abiturient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abiturient
trans_list: bachelier
sense:
A pupil / student in the German education system who is taking, or who has taken and passed, the Abitur. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Abkhaz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abkhaz
trans_list: Abkhaze | Abkhazien | Abkhazienne
sense:
An Abkhazian; a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, a region just east of the Black Sea. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Aboriginal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aboriginal
trans_list: aborigène | indigène
sense:
Of or pertaining to Australian Aboriginal peoples, Aborigines, or their language. [First attested in the 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Aborigine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aborigine
trans_list: Aborigène
sense:
(offensive, ethnic slur) An Aboriginal person from Australia (descending from, or a member of, one of the indigenous people(s) before British colonization), Aboriginal Australian.


lexentry: eng/Aborigines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Aborigines
trans_list: Aborigènes
sense:
The native peoples of various regions, especially the Australian Aboriginal peoples, but also the original inhabitants of Canada and Argentina. Often considered offensive.


lexentry: eng/Abraham__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abraham
trans_list: Abraham
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i) A prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar. [First attested prior to 1150.]


lexentry: eng/Absurdistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Absurdistan
trans_list: Absurdistan
sense:
(informal) Any country where absurdity is the norm, especially in its public authorities and government.


lexentry: eng/Abyssinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Abyssinian
trans_list: abyssinien
sense:
(dated, usually, _, capitalized) Of or pertaining to Ethiopia or its inhabitants; Ethiopian. [First attested in the late 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/Acadia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acadia
trans_list: Acadie
sense:
(history) A colonial territory owned by France in the 17th and early 18th centuries, spanning over what are now the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island) and part of the state of Maine in the USA.


lexentry: eng/Acadian_Coast__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acadian Coast
sense:
The west coast of the Bay of Fundy that was settled by French colonists to the colony of Acadia in New France of French North America; now part of the east coast of the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

trans_list:
Côte acadienne / Côte Acadienne / côte Acadienne / côte acadienne | Péninsule acadienne / Péninsule Acadienne / péninsule acadienne / péninsule Acadienne


lexentry: eng/Acadian_Coast__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Acadian Coast
trans_list: Côte acadienne / Côte Acadienne / côte Acadienne / côte acadienne
sense:
The east coast of the Bay of Fundy that was settled by French colonists of the colony of eastern peninsular Acadia in New France of French North America; now part of the west coast of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.


lexentry: eng/Acadian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acadian
trans_list: acadien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Acadia, its people, or their language or culture. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/Achaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achaea
trans_list: Achaïe
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the northern head of the Peloponnese peninsula that contains mostly mountains.


lexentry: eng/Achaemenid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achaemenid
trans_list: achéménide
sense:
Relating to the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE (the Achaemenid Empire), founded by Achaemenes.


lexentry: eng/Acheron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acheron
trans_list: Achéron
sense:
(Greek mythology) A river in the infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets, it was supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf.


lexentry: eng/Acherontic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acherontic
trans_list: achérontique
sense:
Of, pertaining to or resembling Acheron (one of the rivers located in the underworld according to ancient Greek mythology).


lexentry: eng/Achilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achilles
trans_list: Achille
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.


lexentry: eng/Achilles_tendon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Achilles tendon
trans_list: tendon d’Achille
sense:
(anatomy) The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, and inserted into the bone of the heel.


lexentry: eng/Acmeism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Acmeism
trans_list: acméisme
sense:
A literary movement in early twentieth-century Russia, reacting against symbolism and concerned with greater immediacy in poetic language.


lexentry: eng/Adam's_apple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adam's apple
trans_list: pomme d'Adam | pomme d’Adam
sense:
(anatomy) The lump in the throat, usually more noticeable in men than in women; the laryngeal prominence.


lexentry: eng/Addison's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Addison's disease
trans_list: maladie d'Addison
sense:
(disease) A disorder in which the adrenal glands fail to produce a sufficient quantity of steroids, causing hypocortisolemia and a resultant brownish discoloration of the skin.


lexentry: eng/Adjara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adjara
trans_list: Adjarie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError located in its southwestern corner, bordered by Turkey to the south and by the Black Sea to the west. Predominantly populated by Muslim Georgians. Capital: Batumi.


lexentry: eng/Admiralty_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Admiralty Islands
trans_list: îles de l'Amirauté
sense:
A group of islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the south Pacific Ocean, belonging to Papua New Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Advent_Sunday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advent Sunday
trans_list: dimanche de l’Avent
sense:
The fourth Sunday before Christmas Day, the start of Advent: 30 November (Saint Andrew's Day) or the nearest Sunday to it.


lexentry: eng/Advent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Advent
trans_list: Avent | avent
sense:
(Christianity) The period or season of the Christian church year between Advent Sunday and Christmas.


lexentry: eng/Advent_calendar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advent calendar
trans_list: calendrier de l'Avent | calendrier de l’Avent
sense:
A calendar used to count down the days of Advent, having windows revealing a hidden picture or gift on each day.


lexentry: eng/Advent_wreath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Advent wreath
trans_list: couronne de l’Avent
sense:
(Christianity) A usually evergreen wreath adorned with four (or sometimes five) candles, the first of which is lit on Advent Sunday, followed by the lighting of an additional candle on each subsequent Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Adventist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Adventist
trans_list: adventiste
sense:
One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second Coming) of Jesus; an advocate of Adventism.


lexentry: eng/Aegle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aegle
trans_list: Églé
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess/personification of good health and the glow of health, one of the daughters of Asclepius.


lexentry: eng/Aeneid__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeneid
trans_list: Énéide
sense:
A classic epic poem, written in Latin by Virgil in the 1st century BCE (between 29 and 19 BCE), that tells the legendary story of Aeneas fleeing Troy and settling in Italy as ancestor of the Romans.


lexentry: eng/Aeolus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeolus
trans_list: Éole
sense:
(Greek god) The name of a number of characters in Greek mythology, including the founder of the Aeolian race, and a god with power over wind.


lexentry: eng/Aeschylus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aeschylus
trans_list: Eschyle
sense:
A Greek dramatic poet (525 BCE—456 BCE); Aeschylus was the earliest of the three greatest Greek tragedians.


lexentry: eng/Aesculapian_snake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aesculapian snake
trans_list: couleuvre d'Esculape
sense:
A European species of nonvenomous snake, Zamenis longissimus, syn. Coluber longissimus, associated with Aesculapius in Ancient Greek mythology.


lexentry: eng/Aether__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aether
trans_list: Éther
sense:
(Greek god) One of the Greek primordial deities who was the personification of light, brother-husband of Hemera and grandson of Chaos.


lexentry: eng/Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Africa
trans_list: Afrique | l’Afrique
sense:
The continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica.


lexentry: eng/Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Africa
trans_list: Afrique | l’Afrique
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError containing what is now modern Tunisia and portions of Libya.


lexentry: eng/African_hunting_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: African hunting dog
trans_list: lycaon
sense:
A wild canid, Lycaon pictus, typically black, white and tan, found in Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa.


lexentry: eng/African_locust_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: African locust bean
trans_list: néré
sense:
Any of various species of Parkia, a genus of trees in the legume family Fabaceae, especially Parkia biglobosa.


lexentry: eng/African_violet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: African violet
trans_list: saintpaulia
sense:
Any perennial plant of section Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia (formerly genus Saintpaulia), especially Streptocarpus ionantha, with fine haired round leaves and velvety petals.


lexentry: eng/Afrikaans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afrikaans
trans_list: afrikaans
sense:
A Germanic language descending from Dutch; the primary language of the descendants of Dutch and other European settlers, as well as many mixed-race (e.g. Rehoboth Basters) living in South Africa and in Namibia. Also, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and until 1990 one of three official languages of Namibia.


lexentry: eng/Afrikaner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afrikaner
trans_list: Afrikaner
sense:
A member of an ethnic group of northwestern European ancestry and associated with southern Africa and the Afrikaans language.


lexentry: eng/Afsharid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Afsharid
trans_list: afcharide
sense:
Relating to the Afsharid dynasty, an Iranian dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Afshar tribe of Khorasan, which ruled Persia in the 18th century.


lexentry: eng/Agamemnon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Agamemnon
trans_list: Agamemnon
sense:
(Greek mythology) One of the most distinguished heroes of Greek mythology. He is the son of King Atreus of Mycenae and Queen Aerope and the brother of Menelaus. He is famous for rallying the Greeks in the Trojan War, yet infamous for the sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia at the commencement of the war.


lexentry: eng/Age_of_Enlightenment__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Age of Enlightenment
trans_list: siècle des Lumières
sense:
(historical period) A period of time ranging from part of the 17th century through much of the 18th century, characterized particularly by the importance of logic and reason.


lexentry: eng/Ainu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ainu
trans_list: aïnou | aïnu
sense:
The endangered language spoken by the Ainu ethnic group, generally considered a language isolate with no known relation to other languages.


lexentry: eng/Aion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aion
trans_list: Éon
sense:
A Hellenistic deity associated with time, the orb or circle encompassing the universe, and the zodiac.


lexentry: eng/Airbnb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Airbnb
trans_list: Airbnb
sense:
(trademark) An American vacation rental online marketplace company based in San Francisco, California, founded in 2008.


lexentry: eng/Airbnb__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Airbnb
trans_list: airbnbiser
sense:
(transitive, neologism) To rent (an apartment) by Airbnb or similar means, whether as a lessor or a lessee.


lexentry: eng/Akhenaten__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Akhenaten
trans_list: Akhénaton
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the 14th century BCE pharaoh Akhenaten, father of Tutankhamon and founder of Atenism


lexentry: eng/Akkadian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Akkadian
trans_list: akkadien | accadien
sense:
The now extinct Semitic language of ancient Mesopotamia, formerly used as an international language of diplomacy.


lexentry: eng/Al_Jazeera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Al Jazeera
trans_list: Al Jazeera
sense:
A group of satellite television channels from Qatar. Two channels broadcast news in English and in Arabic, with other children’s and sport channels in Arabic.


lexentry: eng/Alanic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alanic
trans_list: alain
sense:
of or pertaining to Alans—an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity and middle ages—or their language


lexentry: eng/Alaska_pollock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alaska pollock
trans_list: colin d'Alaska
sense:
A semipelagic schooling fish, Gadus chalcogrammus (syn. Theragra chalcogramma), widely distributed in the North Pacific with largest concentrations found in the eastern Bering Sea.


lexentry: eng/Albanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Albanian
trans_list: albanais
sense:
The languages spoken by the Albanian people, primarily spoken in Albania and Kosovo. (ISO 639 language codes: sq/sqi/alb (Albanian), als (Tosk), aln (Gheg), aat (Arvanitika), aae (Arbëresh).)


lexentry: eng/Alborz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alborz
trans_list: Elbourz
sense:
A mountain range in northern Iran stretching from the borders of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the northwest to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, and ending in the east at the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.


lexentry: eng/Alcaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcaic
trans_list: alcaïque
sense:
Pertaining to Alcaeus, a Greek lyric poet of around 600 BC; especially, of a verse meter in a four-line stanza which he supposedly invented.


lexentry: eng/Alcibiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcibiades
trans_list: Alcibiade
sense:
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Alcibiades (450–404 B.C.), a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general.


lexentry: eng/Alcmene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcmene
trans_list: Alcmène
sense:
(Greek mythology) Descendant of Perseus and Andromeda, the wife of Amphitryon, and mother, by Zeus, of Heracles/Hercules.


lexentry: eng/Alcoholics_Anonymous__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alcoholics Anonymous
trans_list: Alcooliques Anonymes
sense:
A self-supporting organization of alcoholic people, which proves mutual support to obtain and maintain sobriety.


lexentry: eng/Aldebaran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aldebaran
trans_list: Aldébaran
sense:
(star) One of the brightest stars in the sky, now recognised to be a binary star in the constellation Taurus (alpha (α) Tauri); an orange giant, 68 light years from Earth. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/Alemannic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alemannic
trans_list: alémanique
sense:
A language or dialect group, belonging to the High German dialects, spoken in certain parts of South Germany, in Alsace (France), Vorarlberg (Austria), Switzerland and Liechtenstein.


lexentry: eng/Aleut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aleut
trans_list: Aléoute
sense:
A member of the indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska in the United States and of Kamchatka Krai in the Russia.


lexentry: eng/Aleutian_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aleutian Islands
trans_list: îles Aléoutiennes
sense:
An archipelago of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, between Alaska and the Kamchatka Peninsula of Asia; part of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Aleutian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aleutian
trans_list: aléoutien
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Aleutian Islands (a group of islands in the northern Pacific Ocean, west of Alaska), or to its inhabitants, their culture, or their language.


lexentry: eng/Alexander_the_Great__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alexander the Great
trans_list: Alexandre le Grand
sense:
(356–323 BCE) A king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia.


lexentry: eng/Alexiares__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alexiares
trans_list: Alexiarès
sense:
(Greek god) One of the twin sons of Heracles and Hebe, guardian, along with his twin Anicetus and his father, of the gates of Mount Olympus.


lexentry: eng/Algeria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Algeria
trans_list: Algérie
sense:
(historical) Ottoman Algeria, also the regency of Algiers or al-Jazā’ir in Arabic, from 1515 to 1830


lexentry: eng/Algerian_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Algerian War
trans_list: guerre d'Algérie
sense:
The war between France and the Algerian nationalist FLN from 1954 to 1962, as a result of which Algeria gained its independence from France.


lexentry: eng/Algic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Algic
trans_list: algique
sense:
An indigenous language family of North America, comprising Wiyot, Yurok, and many Algonquian languages.


lexentry: eng/Ali_Baba__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Ali Baba
trans_list: Ali Baba
sense:
(mostly, attributive) A large container, such as a jar or a basket, with a flat base and usually a rounded body that tapers to a narrower neck.


lexentry: eng/Alice_in_Wonderland_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alice in Wonderland syndrome
trans_list: syndrome d’Alice au pays des merveilles
sense:
(medicine, neurology) A disorienting neurological condition involving micropsia, macropsia, or size distortion of other sensory modalities.


lexentry: eng/All_Hallows__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: All Hallows
trans_list: Toussaint
sense:
(chiefly, archaic) All Saints' Day, the 1st of November; the Christian feast day honoring all Christian saints. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/All_Saints'_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: All Saints' Day
trans_list: Toussaint
sense:
(Christianity) In Christian tradition, the annual feast day celebrating the life of all saints, taking place on the first day of November, or (in the Greek church) on the first Sunday after Pentecost.


lexentry: eng/All_Souls'_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: All Souls' Day
trans_list: Commémoration des fidèles défunts
sense:
(Christianity) An annual feast day celebrating the faithful departed on the second day of November, immediately following All Saints' Day.


lexentry: eng/Allahu_akbar__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Allahu akbar
trans_list: Allah akbar | Allahou akbar | Allahu akbar
sense:
(Islam) "God is most great"; the Muslim takbir, or liturgical proclamation, used to accept sovereignty of God and as a common form of thanksgiving. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Allies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Allies
trans_list: Alliés
sense:
The countries allied against the Axis Powers during World War II. The major signatories included the United Kingdom, Soviet Union, United States, and China.


lexentry: eng/Allies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Allies
trans_list: Alliés
sense:
The countries allied against the Central Powers during World War I, including especially the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, and France.


lexentry: eng/Almodóvarian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Almodóvarian
trans_list: almodovarien
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Pedro Almodóvar (born 1949), Spanish filmmaker, director, screenwriter, producer, and actor.


lexentry: eng/Alpha_Centauri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alpha Centauri
trans_list: Alpha Centauri | Alpha du Centaure
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is actually a binary star with Proxima Centauri as a third component.


lexentry: eng/Alps__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alps
trans_list: Alpes
sense:
(usually, with "the") TemplateParserError:LuaError, running from France to Slovenia, the highest peak of which is Mont Blanc, at 4808 metres.


lexentry: eng/Alsace__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alsace
trans_list: Alsace
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It has changed hands between France and Germany several times throughout history.


lexentry: eng/Altaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Altaic
trans_list: altaïque
sense:
Of or pertaining to a grouping of languages (formerly proposed to be a language family, now generally considered a sprachbund by linguists) that includes the Turkic languages (e.g. Turkish), the Mongolic (e.g. Mongolian) and Tungusic (e.g. Xibe) languages, and less often the Japonic and Koreanic languages.


lexentry: eng/Altair__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Altair
trans_list: Altaïr
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Aquila; Alpha (α) Aquilae. It is the twelfth brightest star in the sky, and forms one corner of the Summer Triangle.


lexentry: eng/Alzette__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alzette
trans_list: Alzette
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows for 73 km (45 mi) through France and Luxembourg; it empties into the Sauer near Ettelbruck.


lexentry: eng/Alzheimer's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Alzheimer's disease
trans_list: maladie d'Alzheimer | maladie d’Alzheimer
sense:
(neurology, disease) A disorder involving loss of mental functions resulting from brain tissue changes; senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.


lexentry: eng/Amalthea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amalthea
trans_list: Amalthée
sense:
(Greek mythology) The most frequently mentioned foster mother of Zeus, sometimes represented as the goat who suckled the infant-god in a mountain cave, sometimes as a goat-tending nymph.


lexentry: eng/Amaterasu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amaterasu
trans_list: Amaterasu
sense:
(Japanese god, Shinto) The Japanese sun goddess, and most important Shinto deity; she is the daughter of Izanagi and Izanami and the sister of Susanoo, Tsukuyomi, Ōyamatsumi, and Kagutsuchi.


lexentry: eng/Amazon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Amazon
trans_list: Amazone | amazonien
sense:
(sometimes, attributive) A region including much of this river; specifically, the region of the Amazon Rainforest, or of the Amazon River Basin.


lexentry: eng/American_Civil_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American Civil War
trans_list: guerre civile américaine | guerre de Sécession
sense:
A war fought in the United States between 1861 and 1865, between the Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederacy).


lexentry: eng/American_Dream__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: American Dream
trans_list: rêve américain
sense:
(idiomatic) A philosophy that with perseverance, courage and determination, anyone can prosper and achieve success.


lexentry: eng/American_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American English
trans_list: anglais américain
sense:
The form of the English language that is chiefly used in the United States, contrasted with British English or Canadian English and that of other places.


lexentry: eng/American_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: American English
trans_list: anglais américain
sense:
The form of the English language that is chiefly used in North America, contrasted with Commonwealth English (British English and that of other places).


lexentry: eng/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
trans_list: Code américain normalisé pour l'échange d'information
sense:
(computing) A 7-bit character set and character encoding. Based on the Roman alphabet as used in modern English, the code is employed almost universally on computing machinery, and has been integrated into the newer Unicode standard.


lexentry: eng/American__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: American
trans_list: américain
sense:
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian and Native American, of, from, or pertaining to the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas.


lexentry: eng/American__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: American
trans_list: Américain | américain
sense:
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian or Native American, an indigenous inhabitant of the Americas. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/American_bittern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American bittern
trans_list: butor d'Amérique
sense:
A medium-sized bittern most commonly found in North America, Botaurus lentiginosus, known for its resounding calls.


lexentry: eng/American_cheese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American cheese
trans_list: fromage fondu
sense:
A common processed cheese, yellow, or white in colour and mild in flavour, with a medium-firm consistency.


lexentry: eng/American_cocker_spaniel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American cocker spaniel
trans_list: Cocker américain
sense:
A sporting dog of a breed ranging between 18 and 30 lbs., originally bred in Britain as the English cocker spaniel for the sport of cocking, or bird hunting. Breed divided by colors: black, sable, parti, tri, and ASCOB.


lexentry: eng/American_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American football
trans_list: football américain | football
sense:
A game similar to rugby football played on a field of 100 yards long and 53 1/3 yards wide (with two 10 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 11 players attempt to get an ovoid ball into each other's territory.


lexentry: eng/American_foulbrood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American foulbrood
trans_list: loque américaine
sense:
A highly contagious and destructive disease of bees caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae.


lexentry: eng/American_lion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: American lion
trans_list: cougar
sense:
An extinct lion of subspecies †Panthera leo atrox or species †Panthera atrox, endemic to North America and northwestern South America during the Pleistocene epoch.


lexentry: eng/American_planetree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American planetree
trans_list: platane d'Amérique
sense:
A species of large tree native to eastern North America and planted elsewhere, Platanus occidentalis


lexentry: eng/American_winterberry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: American winterberry
trans_list: houx verticillé
sense:
Ilex verticillata, a species of holly native to eastern North America in the United States and southeast Canada, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to Alabama.


lexentry: eng/Americanize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Americanize
trans_list: américaniser
sense:
(US, Canada) To render American; to adapt to the custom, culture, or style of the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/Americas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Americas
trans_list: Amérique | Amériques
sense:
North America and South America taken together; that is, North America, Central America, and South America taken together.


lexentry: eng/Amhara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Amhara
trans_list: Amhara
sense:
Ellipsis of Amhara language; synonym of Amharic; a Semitic language spoken by the Amharas, and a lingua franca used by Ethiopia


lexentry: eng/Amu_Darya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amu Darya
trans_list: Amou-Daria
sense:
A major river in Central Asia flowing across the border of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan parallel to Syr Darya and into the Aral Sea. Known in classical times as Oxus.


lexentry: eng/Amun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amun
trans_list: Amon
sense:
(Egyptian god) An Egyptian wind deity associated with the town of Thebes; later (post-16th century BCE) the creator deity, often depicted with curling ram horns.


lexentry: eng/Amur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Amur
trans_list: Amour
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin.


lexentry: eng/Anabaptist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anabaptist
trans_list: anabaptiste
sense:
A member of a radical wing of Christians during the Protestant Reformation, with a tenet of adult baptism.


lexentry: eng/Anal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Anal
trans_list: Anal
sense:
The Northern Kukish (Sino-Tibetan) language spoken by these people, sometimes called Namfau after the two largest villages it is spoken in.


lexentry: eng/Ananke__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ananke
trans_list: Ananké
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, personification of destiny, necessity and fate, depicted as holding a spindle.


lexentry: eng/Anansi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anansi
trans_list: Anansi
sense:
A trickster spider (though sometimes taking human form), one of the primary characters in West African and Caribbean folklore.


lexentry: eng/Anatolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anatolia
trans_list: Anatolie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. Bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highland to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west.


lexentry: eng/Anaxagoras__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anaxagoras
trans_list: Anaxagore
sense:
An ancient Greek philosopher (c. 500 BCE – 428 BCE) from Clazomenae, who is famous for introducing the cosmological concept of nous (mind), as an ordering force.


lexentry: eng/Anaximander__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anaximander
trans_list: Anaximandre
sense:
(c. 610 BCE–c. 546 BCE) A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus; pupil of Thales and teacher of Anaximenes.


lexentry: eng/Anaximenes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anaximenes
trans_list: Anaximène
sense:
(c. 585 BCE–c. 525 BCE) An ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus; the pupil of Anaximander. He taught that the basic element of which the world is composed is the air.


lexentry: eng/Ancien_Régime__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancien Régime
trans_list: Ancien Régime
sense:
(historical) The aristocratic social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, overthrown by the French Revolution of 1789.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Egypt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancient Egypt
trans_list: Égypte antique
sense:
(historical) A civilization that existed in the valley of the Nile River from ca. 3150 BCE to 30 BCE. Noted for building the Great Pyramids of Giza.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Greece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ancient Greece
trans_list: Grèce antique
sense:
The civilization that flourished around the Mediterranean Sea from the 3rd millennium to the 1st century BCE (including the first two European civilizations, Minoan and Mycenaean), known as the cradle of Western civilization.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancient Greek
trans_list: grec ancien | grec antique
sense:
Any of the various forms of the Greek language of classical antiquity, particularly the classical Attic dialect used in Athenian literature.


lexentry: eng/Ancient_Rome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ancient Rome
trans_list: Rome antique
sense:
The civilization associated with Rome from the 9th century BCE to the 5th century C.E. and the Roman Empire centered on it.


lexentry: eng/Andalusia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Andalusia
trans_list: Andalousie
sense:
The most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain, whose capital is Seville.


lexentry: eng/Andalusian_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andalusian Arabic
trans_list: arabe andalou | arabe espagnol
sense:
An extinct variety of the Arabic language spoken in Al-Andalus, in the Iberian Peninsula, under Muslim rule.


lexentry: eng/Andaman_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andaman Sea
trans_list: mer d'Andaman
sense:
Part of the Indian Ocean, to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Burma (Myanmar), west of Thailand, north-west of the Malay Peninsula, north of Sumatra, and east of the Andaman Islands.


lexentry: eng/Andean_hairy_armadillo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andean hairy armadillo
trans_list: tatou des Andes
sense:
A species of armadillo, Chaetophractus nationi, found in western Bolivia and adjacent areas of South America.


lexentry: eng/Andretti__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andretti
trans_list: Andretti | Mario Andretti
sense:
(automotive, motorsports, figurative) Ellipsis of Mario Andretti. (a common noun, not a proper noun) ((A) a street racer; (B) a U.S. racecar pilot outside of the U.S.)


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromède
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of Eritrea, rescued from her sacrifice to the sea monster Cetus by Perseus, who married her; mother of Perses, ancient king of Persia.


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromède
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky representing the "chained woman" Andromeda in Greek mythology, which is surrounded by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Perseus, and Pegasus, among others.


lexentry: eng/Andromeda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Andromeda
trans_list: Andromède
sense:
(galaxy) The nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, located within the Andromeda constellation (see Andromeda Galaxy); M31.


lexentry: eng/Angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Angle
trans_list: Angle
sense:
(historical) A member of a Germanic tribe first mentioned by Tacitus, one of several which invaded Britain and merged to become the Anglo-Saxons; an Anglian.


lexentry: eng/Anglican_Communion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglican Communion
trans_list: Communion anglicane
sense:
A worldwide network of Churches that are are in communion with the Church of England as represented by the Archbishop of Canterbury


lexentry: eng/Anglican__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglican
trans_list: anglican
sense:
Relating to the Church of England, or one of several related churches, such as those in the Anglican Communion.


lexentry: eng/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
trans_list: Soudan anglo-égyptien
sense:
Sudan, during the time when it was ruled jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, from 1899 until Sudan became independent in 1956.


lexentry: eng/Anglo-Norman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglo-Norman
trans_list: anglo-normand
sense:
The Old French dialect spoken in England by the ruling classes after the Norman Conquest, or the form of this dialect used in English law until the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/Anglocentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglocentrism
trans_list: anglocentrisme
sense:
The practice of viewing the world from an English or Anglo-American perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of English or Anglo-American culture.


lexentry: eng/Anglosphere__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anglosphere
trans_list: anglophonie
sense:
The totality of Anglophone countries, the geographical or cultural realm of native English-speakers.


lexentry: eng/Angoumois__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Angoumois
trans_list: Angoumois
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, nearly corresponding to the modern-day Charente département, with Angoulême as its capital.


lexentry: eng/Angria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Angria
trans_list: Angrie
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in what is now Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia.


lexentry: eng/Anicetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anicetus
trans_list: Anicet | Anicétos
sense:
(Greek god) One of the twin sons of Heracles and Hebe, his twin brother is Alexiares. Along with their father, Anicetus and Alexiares are the guardians and gatekeepers of the gates of Mount Olympus.


lexentry: eng/Annas__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Annas
trans_list: Anân
sense:
(biblical) A Jewish high priest known for having four sons and a son-in-law (Caiaphas) succeed him in his lifetime; and for cooperating with Caiaphas to have Jesus Christ crucified.


lexentry: eng/Annunciation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Annunciation
trans_list: Annonciation
sense:
(Christianity) The announcement by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would give birth to a son, namely Jesus. Celebrated on 25th March.


lexentry: eng/Anointing_of_the_Sick__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anointing of the Sick
trans_list: onction des malades
sense:
A Catholic sacrament in which a priest anoints a sick or dying person with oil and prays for his salvation.


lexentry: eng/Anschluss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anschluss
trans_list: anschluss
sense:
(historical) Political annexation, specifically that of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938. [from 1920s]


lexentry: eng/Antarctic_Circle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antarctic Circle
trans_list: cercle antarctique
sense:
(geography) The line which marks approximately the northernmost place in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.


lexentry: eng/Antares__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antares
trans_list: Antarès
sense:
(star) Alpha Scorpii (α Sco), the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius. It is a M type red giant, and is a binary with a B type companion visible in greenish.


lexentry: eng/Antes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antes
trans_list: antérieurement
sense:
(historical) A medieval European tribal union who lived north of the lower Danube and the Black Sea (on the territory of modern Moldova and Ukraine) in the 6th and 7th century AD.


lexentry: eng/Anthropocene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anthropocene
trans_list: anthropocène | Anthropocène
sense:
(geology) The proposed current geological epoch, in which the effect of human activities on the global environment have disrupted the natural variability of the Holocene. [from 1960s]


lexentry: eng/Antichrist__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antichrist
trans_list: Antéchrist | Antichrist
sense:
(Christianity, Islam) The false messiah who, under direct control of the Devil, will lead the abomination in the end times.


lexentry: eng/Antilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antilles
trans_list: Antilles
sense:
The islands of the West Indies, bounded to the north by (and including) the islands of Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, in the Caribbean Sea.


lexentry: eng/Antisthenes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antisthenes
trans_list: Antisthène
sense:
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Antisthenes of Athens (445–365 B.C.), a Greek philosopher, founder of the school of Cynicism and a pupil of Socrates


lexentry: eng/Antlia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Antlia
trans_list: Machine pneumatique
sense:
(constellation) A faint winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pump. The common English name is "Air pump".


lexentry: eng/Anubis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anubis
trans_list: Anubis
sense:
(Egyptian mythology) In the mythology of ancient Egypt, the god of the dead and tombs, commonly depicted with the head of a jackal.


lexentry: eng/Anzac_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Anzac Day
trans_list: journée de l'ANZAC
sense:
April 25, a public holiday in Australia and New Zealand that originally commemorated the sacrifices made by members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli against the Ottoman Empire during World War I, and now honours people from those countries who have served in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations.


lexentry: eng/Apache__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apache
trans_list: Apaches
sense:
Any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e., Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.


lexentry: eng/Apache__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apache
trans_list: Apache | apache
sense:
The group of languages used by any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e. Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.


lexentry: eng/Apache__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Apache
trans_list: Apache
sense:
(computing, informal) Apache HTTP Server, a widely used open source web server software suite. [released in 1995]


lexentry: eng/Apennines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apennines
trans_list: Apennins | Apennin
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, stretching 1,200 km from the north to the south of the country, along its east coast, traversing the entire Apennine Peninsula, and often called the "spine of Italy".


lexentry: eng/Aphrodite__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aphrodite
trans_list: Aphrodite
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of beauty and love, born when Cronus castrated his father, Uranus, and threw his genitalia into the sea. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.


lexentry: eng/Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apocalypse
trans_list: apocalypse | Apocalypse
sense:
(countable, biblical) The written account of a revelation of hidden things given by God to a chosen prophet.


lexentry: eng/Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Apocalypse
trans_list: Apocalypse
sense:
(Christianity) Revelation (last book of the Bible, composed of twenty-two chapters, which narrates the end of times)


lexentry: eng/Apollinarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apollinarism
trans_list: apollinarisme
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The Christological theology that Jesus's mind was only divine and not human, condemned as a heresy at the First Council of Constantinople.


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollon
sense:
(astronomy) An asteroid possessing an orbit that crosses the orbit of the Earth and an orbital period of over one year, with semimajor axes greater than 1 AU, and perihelion distances less than 1.017 AU.


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollon
sense:
(Greek god, Roman god) The son of Zeus and Leto (or Jupiter and Latona), and the twin brother of Artemis (or Diana). He was the god of light, music, medicine, and poetry; and prophecy, dance, manly beauty, and more.


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollo
sense:
(NASA, space) A United States space program, and the vehicles it created, used for human travel to the moon.


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollo
sense:
(with "the") Apollo Theater, a music hall in New York City associated with African-American performers.


lexentry: eng/Apollo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Apollo
trans_list: Apollo | apollon
sense:
A butterfly of species Parnassius apollo, a large swallowtail with black and red spots on white wings.


lexentry: eng/Apostle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apostle
trans_list: apôtre
sense:
(Christianity) Any of the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach and spread the Gospel.


lexentry: eng/Apostles'_Creed__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Apostles' Creed
trans_list: Symbole des apôtres
sense:
(Christianity) A statement of Christian belief, traditionally ascribed to the twelve Apostles of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Appalachia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Appalachia
trans_list: Appalaches
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, covering a part of the Appalachian Mountains, that stretches from southwestern Pennsylvania to northern Alabama, usually excluding New York State and New England.


lexentry: eng/Appalachians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Appalachians
trans_list: Appalaches
sense:
A range of mountains in eastern North America, running northeast from Alabama in the United States to Newfoundland in Canada, variously including or excluding the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York.


lexentry: eng/Appenzell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Appenzell
trans_list: Appenzell
sense:
A historic canton in the northeast of Switzerland that split up into the two modern half-cantons in 1597.


lexentry: eng/Appian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Appian
trans_list: Appien
sense:
A Roman en given name, notably borne by Appian of Alexandria (c. 95 – c. 165), a Roman historian of Greek descent


lexentry: eng/Appius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Appius
trans_list: Appius
sense:
A Roman en given name, notably borne by Appius Claudius Caecus, a Roman politician of the 4th and 3rd century BC, builder of the Appian Way


lexentry: eng/April__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: April
trans_list: avril
sense:
The fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, following March and preceding May. Abbreviation: Apr or Apr.


lexentry: eng/April_shower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: April shower
trans_list: giboulée de mars
sense:
(UK, &, Ireland) A sporadic burst of light rain in the spring season, especially in the month of April.


lexentry: eng/Aquarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aquarius
trans_list: Verseau
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the water carrier, ruled by Uranus covering January 20 – February 18 (tropical astrology) or February 15 – March 14 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Aquila__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aquila
trans_list: Aigle
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an eagle. It includes the star Altair.


lexentry: eng/Arab_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arab World
trans_list: monde arabe
sense:
(as a minimum) Those Arabic-speaking independent states where Arabic is the main official and spoken language.


lexentry: eng/Arabian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabian Peninsula
trans_list: péninsule Arabique | Arabie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, bordered by Jordan, the Syrian desert and Iraq to the north, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Gulf of Oman to the east, the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean) to the south (southeast), the Gulf of Aden to the south, the Red Sea to the west (southwest) extending north into the Gulf of Aqaba, and north along the Red Sea Rift to the Mediterranean Sea on the west (northwest). It consists mainly of Saudi Arabia, and may be geologically defined as the Arabian plate, also as the Arabian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Arabian_jasmine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabian jasmine
trans_list: jasmin
sense:
A shrubby vine with flowers whose fragrance is used for perfume and flavoring (Jasminum sambac), the jasmine used to make jasmine tea.


lexentry: eng/Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arabic
trans_list: arabe | alphabet arabe
sense:
The Aramaic-derived alphabet used to write the Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, and Uyghur languages, among others.


lexentry: eng/Arabist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arabist
trans_list: arabisant
sense:
(anthropology, linguistics) A scholar who studies Arab or Arabic culture, politics, or language. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arachne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arachne
trans_list: Arachné
sense:
(Greek mythology) A woman famous for her skill at weaving. She was changed into a spider by the goddess Athena.


lexentry: eng/Aragonese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aragonese
trans_list: aragonais
sense:
The language of Aragon, nowadays only spoken as a mother tongue by a few thousand people in some valleys of the Pyrenees.


lexentry: eng/Aramaean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aramaean
trans_list: Araméen | Araméenne
sense:
Any member of a West Semitic semi-nomadic and pastoralist people who lived in the Levant and later also in upper Mesopotamia (Biblical Aram) during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke Aramaic.


lexentry: eng/Arawak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arawak
trans_list: Arawak
sense:
A member of an Amerindian people who lived in the region of the Caribbean when the Spanish arrived in America.


lexentry: eng/Arc_de_Triomphe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arc de Triomphe
trans_list: Arc de Triomphe
sense:
A war monument in Paris, France, designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, started in 1808 and inaugurated in 1836.


lexentry: eng/Archaean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Archaean
trans_list: archaïque
sense:
(geology) Of, or relating to the geologic eon from about 3,800 to 2,500 million years ago; comprises the Eoarchean, Paleoarchean, Mesoarchean and Neoarchean eras; marked by an atmosphere with little oxygen, the formation of the first continents and oceans and the emergence of simple life.


lexentry: eng/Archimedean_solid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Archimedean solid
trans_list: solide d'Archimède
sense:
(geometry) Any of a class of convex semiregular polyhedra, composed of two or more types of regular polygon meeting in identical vertices.


lexentry: eng/Archimedes'_screw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Archimedes' screw
trans_list: cric
sense:
(engineering) A screwlike device invented by Greek mathematician Archimedes, ca. 200 B.C.E., which when twisted inside a cylinder, raises water from a lower level to a higher level, allowing irrigation of fields.


lexentry: eng/Arctic_Circle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arctic Circle
trans_list: cercle arctique
sense:
The parallel of latitude that runs 66° 33′ 39″ north of the Equator, which marks approximately the southernmost place in the Northern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.


lexentry: eng/Arctic_Ocean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arctic Ocean
trans_list: océan Arctique
sense:
The smallest of the five oceans of the Earth, on and around the North Pole, bordered by the three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.


lexentry: eng/Arctic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arctic
trans_list: arctique
sense:
(geography) Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arctic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Arctic
trans_list: arctique
sense:
Extremely cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the Arctic. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arctic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arctic
trans_list: Arctique
sense:
(geography) The region of the Earth above the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Arctic_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arctic warbler
trans_list: pouillot boréal
sense:
Phylloscopus borealis, a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and northern Asia


lexentry: eng/Arcturus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arcturus
trans_list: Arcturus
sense:
(star) A bright yellow-orange star in the constellation Boötes; Alpha (α) Boötis. It is the fourth-brightest star in the night sky.


lexentry: eng/Area_51__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Area 51
trans_list: Zone 51
sense:
(informal, US, military, aviation, research, espionage, ufology) TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is the subject of conspiracy theories claiming it is where the US government hides extra-planetary alien visitors.


lexentry: eng/Ares__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ares
trans_list: Arès
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek god of war, considered equivalent to the Roman Mars and usually described as a son of Zeus and Hera, companion of Eris and Enyo, and by Aphrodite father of Deimos and Phobos.


lexentry: eng/Argand_lamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argand lamp
trans_list: quinquet
sense:
(now, historical) A type of oil lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame.


lexentry: eng/Argo_Navis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argo Navis
trans_list: Navire Argo
sense:
(constellation) : A former constellation of the southern sky, said to represent the mythical ship Argo. In 1763, it was divided into the three new constellations: Carina (keel), Puppis (stern), and Vela (sail).


lexentry: eng/Argo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argo
trans_list: Argo
sense:
(Greek mythology) The ship in which Jason and the Argonauts sailed on their quest for the Golden Fleece.


lexentry: eng/Argonaut__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Argonaut
trans_list: Argonaute
sense:
(Greek mythology) One of the members of the Argo who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece.


lexentry: eng/Arian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arian
trans_list: arien
sense:
(Christianity) A believer of Arianism, particularly (historical) the official Arian churches lasting to the 7th century.


lexentry: eng/Arianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arianism
trans_list: arianisme
sense:
(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, condemned as heretical by the Council of Nicaea, which holds that Jesus was created by God, rather than being God himself.


lexentry: eng/Aries__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aries
trans_list: Bélier
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the ram, ruled by Mars and covering March 20 – April 20 (tropical astrology) or April 15 – May 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Aristophanes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aristophanes
trans_list: Aristophane
sense:
An Ancient Greek male name, most famously borne by a playwright who lived from circa 446 BC to circa 386 BC.


lexentry: eng/Aristotle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aristotle
trans_list: Aristote
sense:
An ancient Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist (382–322 BCE), student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.


lexentry: eng/Arius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arius
trans_list: Arius
sense:
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Arius, circa 250–336, a priest in Alexandria, the founder of Arianism


lexentry: eng/Arizona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Arizona
trans_list: Arizona
sense:
(historical) A territory of the southwest Confederate (1862–1865) and United States of America (1863–1912), with its capitals at Tucson, Prescott, and Phoenix.


lexentry: eng/Ark_of_the_Covenant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ark of the Covenant
trans_list: arche d’alliance
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) The sacred container, a gold-plated wooden chest, of the two tablets of law (the Ten Commandments) given to Moses by the Hebrew God.


lexentry: eng/Armageddon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armageddon
trans_list: Armageddon
sense:
(Christianity, Islam) Mount Megiddo, the site of a prophesied final battle between the forces of good and evil.


lexentry: eng/Armenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenia
trans_list: Arménie
sense:
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the Armenian Highland southeast of Black Sea and southwest of Caspian Sea; area now divided between Turkey, Republic of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_Highland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian Highland
trans_list: haut-plateau arménien
sense:
A plateau in the north of Western Asia, connecting the Lesser Caucasus with the Taurus Mountains. Total area: about 400,000 km². Average elevation: 1500 to 2000 metres, highest point: Mount Ararat. The area lies mostly in eastern Turkey; also includes the whole of modern Armenia, southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran, Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_Question__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian Question
trans_list: question arménienne
sense:
(historical) The issues surrounding the status (and protection by western powers) of Armenians in Ottoman and formerly Ottoman areas.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian SSR
trans_list: RSS d'Arménie
sense:
One of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics that made up the former Soviet Union (1920-1991, name changed in 1990). Became independent as the Republic of Armenia in 1991, after the collapse of the USSR.


lexentry: eng/Armenian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian
trans_list: arménien
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, the Armenian people, the Armenian language, or the Armenian alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Armenian
trans_list: arménien
sense:
(uncountable) A branch of Indo-European languages, which includes the various stages of the Armenian language.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_cucumber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian cucumber
trans_list: concombre arménien | concombre serpent
sense:
Cucumis melo var. flexuosus, a long, slender variety of muskmelon which resembles a cucumber in taste and inner appearance.


lexentry: eng/Armenian_genocide__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Armenian genocide
trans_list: génocide arménien
sense:
(historical) The systematic mass murder of around one million ethnic Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during World War I (1915–1917).


lexentry: eng/Arminianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arminianism
trans_list: arminianisme
sense:
(Christianity) A school of thought within Protestantism based on the theological ideas of Jacobus Arminius.


lexentry: eng/Arminius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arminius
trans_list: Arminius
sense:
(history) A chieftain of the Cherusci (an ancient Germanic tribe) who defeated the Romans in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.


lexentry: eng/Arnhem_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arnhem Land
trans_list: terre d'Arnhem
sense:
An area of 97,000 sq. km in the north-eastern corner of the Northern Territory, Australia, controlled by the Northern Land Council, inhabited by local Aboriginals.


lexentry: eng/Aromanian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aromanian
trans_list: Aroumain
sense:
A member of the people living throughout the southern Balkans, especially in northern Greece, southern and central Albania, parts of North Macedonia, southwestern Bulgaria and Serbia; they are a subgroup of Vlachs.


lexentry: eng/Aromanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aromanian
trans_list: aroumain
sense:
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken mainly in Greece, but also in Albania, North Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and relatively intelligible with Romanian and Megleno-Romanian.


lexentry: eng/Arrernte__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arrernte
trans_list: Arrernte
sense:
An Australian Aboriginal people of central Australia, largely within the southern part of the Northern Territory.


lexentry: eng/Arsacid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Arsacid
trans_list: arsacide
sense:
(historical) of or pertaining to the Parthian dynasty established by Arsaces I which ruled the Parthian Empire during 247 BC – 224 AD, Armenia during 54–428, as well as Iberia and Caucasian Albania


lexentry: eng/Art_Deco__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Art Deco
trans_list: Art déco
sense:
A style of decorative art and architecture originating in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by bold geometric forms and simple composition.


lexentry: eng/Art_Nouveau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Art Nouveau
trans_list: Art nouveau | modern style | modern-style | style 1900 | style nouille
sense:
A decorative style of art and architecture that especially used the sinuous and flowing lines of plants.


lexentry: eng/Artemis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Artemis
trans_list: Artémis
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the hunt, wild animals, and wilderness; the daughter of Leto and Zeus; the sister of Apollo. (Compare Diana.)


lexentry: eng/Aryan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aryan
trans_list: Aryen | Arien | Aryenne
sense:
(theosophy, Germanic, _, mysticism, Nazism) A member of an alleged master race with no fixed definition, comprising people of Germanic descent (in the narrowest sense), or all non-Jewish Caucasians (in the broadest sense)


lexentry: eng/Aryan__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Aryan
trans_list: Aryen
sense:
(Nazi, _, or, _, white supremacist ideology, informal) A person of Caucasian (white / European) ethnicity; a white non-Jew.


lexentry: eng/Ascanius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ascanius
trans_list: Ascagne
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A legendary king of Alba Longa, and the son of the Trojan hero Aeneas.


lexentry: eng/Asclepius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asclepius
trans_list: Asclépios
sense:
(Greek god) A Greek mythological deity, the god of doctors, medicine and healing; a son of Apollo and the Thessalian princess Coronis, husband to the goddess Epione and father of the Asclepiades; identified with the Roman god Aesculapius.


lexentry: eng/Ash_Wednesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ash Wednesday
trans_list: mercredi des Cendres
sense:
(Christianity) The Wednesday 46 days before Easter in a given year, (Catholicism) traditionally observed as the beginning of Lent and a day of strict abstention from certain foods and pleasures.


lexentry: eng/Ashkenazi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ashkenazi
trans_list: ashkénaze
sense:
Of or relating to Jews of Central European, particularly of German and Polish origin, and their traditions, customs, and rituals.


lexentry: eng/Ashoka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ashoka
trans_list: Ashoka
sense:
(historical) An ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Ashura__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ashura
trans_list: Achoura
sense:
(Islam) A holy day falling on the 10th day of Muharram, commemorating the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali in 680 AD.


lexentry: eng/Asia_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asia Minor
trans_list: Asie mineure | Asie Mineure
sense:
A large peninsula, mostly coterminous with Anatolia, between the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea; it makes up the Asian part of Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asia
trans_list: Asie
sense:
A continent located east of Europe (typically delimited by the Urals), west of the Pacific Ocean, north of Oceania and south of the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Asian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asian
trans_list: Asiatique | asiatique
sense:
(US, Canada, Australia, NZ, also International English on the Internet) A person from or with ancestry in East or Southeast Asia, occasionally South Asia.


lexentry: eng/Asian_giant_hornet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asian giant hornet
trans_list: frelon géant
sense:
Vespa mandarinia, the world's largest hornet, native to temperate and tropical Eastern Asia, and having a powerful sting.


lexentry: eng/Asiarch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asiarch
trans_list: asiarque
sense:
(historical) One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites.


lexentry: eng/Asimovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asimovian
trans_list: asimovien | asimovienne
sense:
(literature) Of or pertaining to Isaac Asimov (1920–1992) or his writings, especially science fiction.


lexentry: eng/Asperger's_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asperger's syndrome
trans_list: syndrome d'Asperger
sense:
(dated, uncountable, neurology) An autism-related developmental disorder characterised by sustained impairment in social interaction and nonverbal communication and by repetitive behaviour as well as restricted interests and routines.


lexentry: eng/Assiniboine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assiniboine
trans_list: assiniboine | assiniboines
sense:
A member of an indigenous people related to the Sioux living in the Great Plains in the United States and Canada.


lexentry: eng/Assyria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assyria
trans_list: Assyrie
sense:
A Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant from the mid-23rd century BC to 608 BC and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq), which came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: assyrien
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: assyrien
sense:
(historical) Of, or characteristic of, or pertaining to the ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: Assyrien | Assyrienne
sense:
(historical) A person who resided in the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.


lexentry: eng/Assyrian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Assyrian
trans_list: Assyrien | Assyrienne
sense:
(historical) A citizen of an ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.


lexentry: eng/Asterix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asterix
trans_list: Astérix
sense:
A series of French comic books written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo about an Ancient Gaul named Asterix.


lexentry: eng/Astraea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Astraea
trans_list: Astrée
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of stars and justice; similar to Dike, equivalent to the Roman goddess Justitia.


lexentry: eng/Astraeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Astraeus
trans_list: Astréos
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek god of the dusk. Husband of Eos (goddess of the dawn), and father of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets").


lexentry: eng/Asturias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Asturias
trans_list: Asturies
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Spanish north coast facing the Cantabrian Sea. The capital city is Oviedo.


lexentry: eng/Atalanta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atalanta
trans_list: Atalante
sense:
(Greek mythology) A huntress and heroine in Greek mythology, renowned for her great speed and strength; depending on the version of the myth, either the daughter of Iasus (a prince of Arcadia) by Clymene or of King Schoeneus of Boeotia.


lexentry: eng/Athamas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Athamas
trans_list: Athamas
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Boeotian king, father of Phrixus and Helle by his first wife Nephele, whom he deserted for Ino.


lexentry: eng/Athena__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Athena
trans_list: Athéna | Athéné
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, the arts, and especially crafts, in particular, weaving; daughter of Zeus and Metis. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.


lexentry: eng/Atlantic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Atlantic
trans_list: atlantique
sense:
Pertaining to locations adjacent to or in the vicinity of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the British Isles in Northwestern Europe, or the eastern seaboard of the USA.


lexentry: eng/Atlantic_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atlantic herring
trans_list: hareng de l'Atlantique
sense:
Clupea harengus, an abundant species of herring and an important food fish living in the North Atlantic.


lexentry: eng/Atlantic_horse_mackerel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A jack mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), of the family Carangidae.
written_rep: Atlantic horse mackerel
trans_list:
caringue | chinchard | chinchard commun | maquereau anglais | maquereau bâtard | saurel commun de l'Atlantique


lexentry: eng/Atlas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atlas
trans_list: Atlas
sense:
(Greek god) The son of Iapetus and Clymene, war leader of the Titans ordered by the god Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders; father to the Hesperides, the Hyades, and the Pleiades; king of the legendary Atlantis.


lexentry: eng/Atomic_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atomic Age
trans_list: Âge atomique
sense:
The era, starting in the mid-1940s, during which nuclear energy was developed, and in which it was thought that all energy would be provided by such sources.


lexentry: eng/Atreid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Atreid
trans_list: Atrides
sense:
(Greek mythology) Any of the family and descendants of the mythical Mycenaean king Atreus, including either of his sons Menelaus and Agamemnon, who both feature in the Iliad.


lexentry: eng/Atticize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Atticize
trans_list: atticiser
sense:
(intransitive) To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians.


lexentry: eng/Attila_the_Hun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Attila the Hun
trans_list: Attila | Attila le Hun
sense:
(historical) Attila, kingly ruler of the tribe of the Huns and vast Eurasian Hunnic Empire and feared enemy of the Roman Empire, from 434 until his death in 453.


lexentry: eng/Auckland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Auckland
trans_list: Auckland
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError which includes the city, situated between the Northland region to the north and the Waikato region to the south.


lexentry: eng/Audouin's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Audouin's gull
trans_list: goéland d'Audouin
sense:
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.


lexentry: eng/August__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: August
trans_list: août | aout
sense:
The eighth month of the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, following July and preceding September.


lexentry: eng/Augustus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Augustus
trans_list: Auguste
sense:
The Roman emperor Augustus, also called Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (63 B.C.E. – 14 C.E.); heir to Julius Caesar


lexentry: eng/Aulis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Aulis
trans_list: Aulis
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, where, according to legend, the Greek fleet gathered to set off for Troy, and where Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia.


lexentry: eng/Auriga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Auriga
trans_list: Cocher
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a charioteer. It includes the star Capella.


lexentry: eng/Austenian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austenian
trans_list: austenien
sense:
Of or relating to Jane Austen (1775–1817), English novelist noted for realism and biting social commentary.


lexentry: eng/Austerlitz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austerlitz
trans_list: Austerlitz
sense:
, Czech Republic. The site of Napoleon's victory over the combined Russian and Austrian armies in 1805.


lexentry: eng/Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Australia
trans_list: Australie
sense:
(geology) TemplateParserError:LuaError. New Guinea and the intervening islands are also on the Australian tectonic plate and are thus geologically considered part of the continent.


lexentry: eng/Australian_cattle_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian cattle dog
trans_list: bouvier australien
sense:
A breed of herding dog bred in Australia for controlling cattle; varieties include the Queensland heeler, blue heeler and red heeler.


lexentry: eng/Australian_magpie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian magpie
trans_list: cassican flûteur
sense:
A species of magpie-like black-and-white passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea, Gymnorhina tibicen, and introduced to New Zealand, Fiji, and the Solomon Islands.


lexentry: eng/Australian_rules_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian rules football
trans_list: football australien
sense:
A variety of football devised in Australia, played on an oval field with an oval ball that players try to kick between the goalposts or between a central and outer post.


lexentry: eng/Australian_white_ibis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Australian white ibis
trans_list: bis à cou noir
sense:
Threskiornis molucca, a species of wading bird of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae, which is widespread across much of Australia and has a predominantly white plumage with a bare, black head, long downcurved bill and black legs.


lexentry: eng/Austrian_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austrian German
trans_list: autrichien
sense:
A national standard variety of the German language that is spoken and written in Austria and Bolzano-Bozen (Italy).


lexentry: eng/Austrofascism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austrofascism
trans_list: austrofascisme
sense:
(historical) A fascist political movement in Austria between 1933 and 1938 until the country's annexation by Nazi Germany.


lexentry: eng/Austronesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Austronesia
trans_list: Austronésie
sense:
Those areas of the world, mostly in Southeast Asia and the Pacific but also including Madagascar, that are inhabited by speakers of Austronesian languages.


lexentry: eng/Av__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Av
trans_list: Av
sense:
(Judaism) The eleventh month of the civil year and the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tammuz and before Elul.


lexentry: eng/Avalon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avalon
trans_list: Avalon
sense:
(Arthurian legend) An island, represented as an earthly paradise in the western seas, to which King Arthur and other heroes were carried at death.


lexentry: eng/Avar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avar
trans_list: avar
sense:
A North Caucasian language spoken mainly in Avaria (Republic of Daghestan) as its official language, and in parts of Azerbaijan.


lexentry: eng/Avestan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avestan
trans_list: avestique
sense:
An ancient Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta.


lexentry: eng/Avogadro's_number__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Avogadro's number
trans_list: constante d'Avogadro | nombre d'Avogadro
sense:
(chemistry, physics) The number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12, being 6.02214076 × 1023. By definition, the number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance.


lexentry: eng/Awadhi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Awadhi
trans_list: awadhi
sense:
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and Nepal that is considered to be a part of the Eastern Hindi languages.


lexentry: eng/Axial_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Axial Age
trans_list: période axiale | ère axiale
sense:
(history) The age from about the 8th to the 3rd century BCE, during which broad changes in religious and philosophical thought occurred in a variety of locations.


lexentry: eng/Axis_power__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Axis power
trans_list: axe
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) A country in the alliance (in effect before and during World War II) of Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, imperial Japan, and a few other countries, which opposed the Allies.


lexentry: eng/Ayurveda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ayurveda
trans_list: ayurveda | ayurvéda
sense:
Traditional Hindu alternative medicine, involving balancing three bodily humours of wind, bile, and phlegm.


lexentry: eng/Ayyubid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ayyubid
trans_list: ayyoubide
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Ayyubid dynasty: a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin founded by Saladin and centred in Egypt.


lexentry: eng/Azerbaijan_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Azerbaijan SSR
trans_list: Rss d'Azerbaïdjan
sense:
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Azerbaijan while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1936–1991, name changed in 1990).


lexentry: eng/B-flat_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: B-flat major
trans_list: si bémol majeur
sense:
(music) The major key with B-flat as its tonic, with the notes B♭, C, D, E♭, F, G, and A, the key signature of which has two flats.


lexentry: eng/B-tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: B-tree
trans_list: arbre B
sense:
(computing) An indexed data structure suitable for storage of a large number of items in a balanced fashion, with very few disk accesses required for locating the correct record block.


lexentry: eng/BCE__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BCE
trans_list: AEC | av. è. c. | AÈC | av. n. è.
sense:
(chronology) Initialism of Before Common Era (Before the Common Era, before Common Era, before the Common Era), Before Current Era (Before the Current Era, before current era, before the current era), or before Christian Era.


lexentry: eng/BCG__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BCG
trans_list: BCG
sense:
(medicine) Initialism of Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (“Bacille Calmette-Guérin”)., a vaccine for tuberculosis developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin


lexentry: eng/BDSM__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BDSM
trans_list: BDSM
sense:
Sexual or non-sexual practices or activities involving bondage, discipline, sadism, masochism, or acts of domination and submission.


lexentry: eng/BL_Lac_object__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BL Lac object
trans_list: objet BL Lacertae
sense:
(astronomy) a type of active galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), named after its prototype, BL Lacertae


lexentry: eng/BRICS__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BRICS
trans_list: BRICS
sense:
(geopolitics, economics) Acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa: an international economic organization comprising these fast-growing economies.


lexentry: eng/BRIC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: BRIC
trans_list: BRIC
sense:
(politics, economics) Initialism of Brazil, Russia, India and China: a group of countries with similarly fast-growing economies.


lexentry: eng/B__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: B
trans_list: o
sense:
A personality type of someone who is relaxed and easygoing and able to engage in leisure activities without worrying about work.


lexentry: eng/B__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: B
trans_list: o
sense:
Signifies a second-tier or second class of a given commodity, group, or category, as in B-movie, B-list, etc.


lexentry: eng/B__Noun__2
sense_num: 04
written_rep: B
trans_list: o
sense:
The alternate or secondary part, as the back side of a phonograph record. Contrasted with A, which is the primary part.


lexentry: eng/B_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: B major
trans_list: si majeur
sense:
(music) The major key with B as its tonic, with the notes B, C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, and A♯, the key signature of which has five sharps:


lexentry: eng/Baathism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baathism
trans_list: baasisme
sense:
(politics) An Arab nationalist ideology that promotes the development and creation of a unified Arab state through the leadership of a vanguard party over a progressive revolutionary government.


lexentry: eng/Baba_Yaga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baba Yaga
trans_list: Baba Yaga
sense:
(Slavic mythology) In Russian, Finno-Ugric, Polish and Bulgarian tales, a hag who lives in a hut standing on chicken legs and who flies through the air in a mortar, using the pestle as a rudder. She behaves ambivalently and may be either amiable or hostile.


lexentry: eng/Babel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babel
trans_list: Babel
sense:
(biblical) The city and tower in the land of Shinar where the confusion of languages took place, according to the Bible.


lexentry: eng/Babism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babism
trans_list: babisme | foi babie
sense:
The doctrine of a pantheistical religious sect, founded in Persia in 1844 by Mirza Ali Mohammed ibn Rabhik (1820-1850), who assumed the title of Bab-ed-Din ("Gate of the Faith"). It combines Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Parsi elements, and forbids concubinage, polygamy, mendicancy, slave-dealing, and the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs. Precursor to the Baháʼí Faith.


lexentry: eng/Babuza__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babuza
trans_list: babuza
sense:
A Formosan language of the Babuza and Taokas indigenous peoples of Taiwan, related to or perhaps descended from Favorlang.


lexentry: eng/Babylonian_Talmud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Babylonian Talmud
trans_list: Talmud de Babylone
sense:
The Talmud composed and compiled primarily from the teachings, discussions and disagreements of the Amoraim of the Babylonian exile.


lexentry: eng/Bachelor_of_Arts__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bachelor of Arts
trans_list: baccalauréat universitaire ès lettres
sense:
A collegiate degree, usually involving three to four years of study (about 120 semester hours) in liberal arts.


lexentry: eng/Baconian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baconian
trans_list: baconien
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to Francis Bacon (1561-1626), English statesman and polymath, or his writings.


lexentry: eng/Bactria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bactria
trans_list: Bactriane | Bactrie
sense:
The ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya in the Middle East, encompassing parts of northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and northern Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Badalona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Badalona
trans_list: Badalone | Badalona
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError situated on the left bank of the Besòs River and on the Mediterranean Sea.


lexentry: eng/Baghdad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baghdad
trans_list: Bagdad
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated in the center of the country on the Tigris river; a historical center of the Muslim world.


lexentry: eng/Baháʼí_Faith__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baháʼí Faith
trans_list: bahaïsme | béhaïsme | foi baháʼíe
sense:
A religious movement founded by Baháʼu'lláh, which draws on the Kitáb-i-Aqdas and other Baháʼí texts.


lexentry: eng/Baikonur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baikonur
trans_list: Baïkonour
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, rented and administered by Russia, constructed to service Baikonur Cosmodrome, since 1995 also called Baikonur.


lexentry: eng/Baja_California__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baja California
trans_list: Basse Californie | Basse-Californie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError A mountainous peninsula of western Mexico between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California; administered as the states of Baja California and Baja California Sur.


lexentry: eng/Balachka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balachka
trans_list: balatchka
sense:
The dialects spoken by Cossacks living in Russia, heavily influenced by Ukrainian dialects but features akanye, like standard and central Russian.


lexentry: eng/Balearic_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balearic Islands
trans_list: Baléares | îles Baléares | Îles Baléares
sense:
A group of Mediterranean islands of the east coast of Spain, formed by Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza, and Formentera.


lexentry: eng/Balkan_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkan Peninsula
trans_list: Péninsule Balkanique
sense:
A large peninsula in southeastern Europe surrounded by water on three sides: the Adriatic Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea (including the Ionian and Aegean Seas) to the south and the Black Sea to the east. Its northern boundary is often given as the Danube, Sava and Kupa rivers.


lexentry: eng/Balkanization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkanization
trans_list: balkanisation
sense:
(historical, chiefly, political science) The fragmentation of a geopolitical region into several small states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other.


lexentry: eng/Balkans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balkans
trans_list: Balkans
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, roughly equivalent to the area covered by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, sometimes including Romania, Slovenia, and European Turkey. [19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Balochi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balochi
trans_list: baloutche
sense:
A Northwestern Iranian language spoken mainly in SW Pakistan (80% of speakers), SE Iran and S Afghanistan. SIL standard divides Balochi into three related languages, Eastern Balochi, Southern Balochi and Western Balochi.


lexentry: eng/Balochistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Balochistan
trans_list: Baloutchistan
sense:
A region on the Iranian plateau in south-western Asia, northwest of the Arabian Sea, dominated by desert and mountains, composed of southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Iran and a very small section of southwestern Afghanistan; inhabited by the Baloch people.


lexentry: eng/Baltic_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baltic herring
trans_list: hareng de la Baltique
sense:
A subspecies of Atlantic herring, (Clupea harengus membras), living in the Baltic Sea, smaller than Atlantic herring, with leaner flesh.


lexentry: eng/Bambara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bambara
trans_list: bambara
sense:
A West Sudanic language spoken mainly in Mali by as many as six million people, and by smaller numbers of people in Senegal Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Gambia.


lexentry: eng/Bamboo_Curtain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bamboo Curtain
trans_list: Rideau de bambou
sense:
(historical) The political and ideological barrier between the communist and capitalist states of Asia during the Cold War.


lexentry: eng/Banach_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Banach space
trans_list: espace de Banach
sense:
(functional analysis) A normed vector space which is complete with respect to the norm, meaning that Cauchy sequences have well-defined limits that are points in the space.


lexentry: eng/Banbury_story_of_a_cock_and_a_bull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Banbury story of a cock and a bull
trans_list: une histoire sans queue ni tête
sense:
(idiomatic, obsolete, slang, Britain) A roundabout, nonsensical story. [from about late 17th c. to early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Bantu__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Bantu
trans_list: Bantou
sense:
(uncountable) The largest African language family of the Niger-Congo group, spoken in much of Sub-Saharan Africa.


lexentry: eng/Baphomet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baphomet
trans_list: Baphomet
sense:
A deity which medieval Christians mistakenly imagined that the Knights Templar worshipped, and which figures into some modern occultist and Satanic religions.


lexentry: eng/Baptist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baptist
trans_list: baptiste
sense:
An adherent of a Protestant denomination (or various subdenominations) of Christianity, which believes in the baptism of believers (sometimes only adults), as opposed to the baptism of infants.


lexentry: eng/Barabbas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barabbas
trans_list: Barabbas
sense:
(Christianity) In the accounts of the Passion of Christ, an insurrectionary whom Pontius Pilate freed at the Passover feast in Jerusalem, instead of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Barbary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barbary
trans_list: Berbérie
sense:
(historical) The Mediterranean coastal areas of North Africa that were used as a base by pirates in the 16th to 19th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Barbary_lion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barbary lion
trans_list: lion de barbarie | lion de l'Atlas
sense:
(zoology) Any of the North African population, now extinct in the wild, of the lion subspecies Panthera leo leo.


lexentry: eng/Barbary_macaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barbary macaque
trans_list: Macaque berbère
sense:
Macaca sylvanus, an Old World monkey found in Gibraltar and the Atlas Mountains in Algeria and Morocco.


lexentry: eng/Baroque__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baroque
trans_list: baroque
sense:
(arts, music) A period in western architecture, art and music from ca. 1600 to ca. 1760 CE, known for its abundance of drama, rich color, and extensive ornamentation.


lexentry: eng/Baroque_guitar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baroque guitar
trans_list: guitare baroque | guitare à cinq chœurs
sense:
An archaic form of guitar with five strings, originating in the Baroque era, played by either strumming or plucking, and characterized by the use of reentrant tuning.


lexentry: eng/Barthesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Barthesian
trans_list: barthésien
sense:
Of or relating to Roland Barthes (1915–1980), French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist, critic, and semiotician who influenced the development of schools of theory including structuralism, semiotics, social theory, anthropology and poststructuralism.


lexentry: eng/Baruch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baruch
trans_list: Baruch
sense:
(biblical character) Any of a number of Old Testament men, including the scribe and companion of Jeremiah.


lexentry: eng/Bashkir__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bashkir
trans_list: bachkir | bachkire | bachkires | bachkirs
sense:
Of or pertaining to a certain Turkic ethnic group that lives mostly in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan.


lexentry: eng/Basque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Basque
trans_list: Basque | Basquais | Basquaise
sense:
A member of a cultural and ethnic people living in the western Pyrenees and the Bay of Biscay between France and Spain.


lexentry: eng/Bastille_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bastille Day
trans_list: Fête Nationale
sense:
The French national holiday celebrated on 14 July each year. It commemorates the 1790 Fête de la Fédération, held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789; the Fête de la Fédération was seen as a symbol of the uprising of the modern French "nation".


lexentry: eng/Bastille__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bastille
trans_list: Bastille
sense:
A former fortress and prison in Paris, France, the storming of which in 1789 began the French Revolution.


lexentry: eng/Batavian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Batavian
trans_list: batavien | betawi
sense:
Pertaining to a member of an Indonesian ethnic group consisting of the descendants of the people living around Batavia (Jakarta) from around the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/Batavian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Batavian
trans_list: batavien | betawi
sense:
A member of an Indonesian ethnic group consisting of the descendants of the people living around Batavia (Jakarta) from around the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/Batesian_mimicry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Batesian mimicry
trans_list: mimétisme de Bates
sense:
(biology) The resemblance of one or more non-poisonous species to a poisonous species, for example, the scarlet king snake and the coral snake.


lexentry: eng/Batman__Proper_noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Batman
trans_list: Batman
sense:
A fictional hero and the main protagonist of DC Comics, noted for his intellect and stealth, who uses a bat-themed costume and equipment (including a belt with an array of utilities) and is assisted by his sidekick Robin.


lexentry: eng/Battle_of_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Battle of Britain
trans_list: bataille d'Angleterre
sense:
(historical) A series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe during World War II for air superiority over southern England and the English Channel prior to any German invasion of the British Isles.


lexentry: eng/Baudelairean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baudelairean
trans_list: baudelairien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821–1867), French poet, critic, and translator, or to his works.


lexentry: eng/Baumkuchen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Baumkuchen
trans_list: gâteau à la broche
sense:
A kind of layer cake, traditionally baked on a spit, in which the layers resemble concentric tree rings.


lexentry: eng/Bavaria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Bavaria
trans_list: Bavière
sense:
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation, which includes the historical Bavaria and parts of Swabia and Franconia.


lexentry: eng/Bavarian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bavarian
trans_list: bavarois
sense:
A German dialect spoken in Bavaria (a state of southern West Germany) and Austria, which varies considerably across different regions.


lexentry: eng/Bay_of_Biscay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bay of Biscay
trans_list: golfe de Gascogne
sense:
a gulf of the North Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain, named for the Spanish province of Biscay


lexentry: eng/Bayraktar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bayraktar
trans_list: Bayraktar
sense:
Ellipsis of w:Bayraktar UAV, being any one of the combat drones from the family of the same name designed and manufactured by the Turkish company Baykar.


lexentry: eng/Beast__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beast
trans_list: Bête
sense:
(biblical) A figure in the Book of Revelation (Apocalypse), often identified with Satan or the Antichrist.


lexentry: eng/Beatles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beatles
trans_list: Beatles
sense:
An extremely successful and influential British rock music quartet that operated primarily in the 1960s.


lexentry: eng/Beaufort_scale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beaufort scale
trans_list: échelle de Beaufort
sense:
(nautical) An empirical measure for the intensity of the wind based mainly on the state of the sea or wave conditions.


lexentry: eng/Beckettian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beckettian
trans_list: beckettien
sense:
Of or pertaining to the novelist and playwright Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) or his writings, noted for their bleak outlook and minimalism.


lexentry: eng/Beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beetle
trans_list: Coccinelle
sense:
(UK, Australia, NZ) A small car, the Volkswagen Beetle (original version made 1938–2003, similar models made 1997–2010 and since 2011).


lexentry: eng/Beghard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beghard
trans_list: bégard
sense:
(historical) One of an association of religious laymen living in semimonastic communities in imitation of the Beguines, and influenced by Albigensian teachings and by the Brethren of the Free Spirit.


lexentry: eng/Bel_Paese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bel Paese
trans_list: Bel Paese
sense:
A soft, mild, creamy Italian cheese shaped in small disks and produced from cow's milk, originally from Lombardy.


lexentry: eng/Belarusian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belarusian
trans_list: biélorusse | Biélorusse
sense:
(uncountable) The Slavic language spoken in Belarus (formerly called White Ruthenia or White Russia).


lexentry: eng/Belgian_Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belgian Congo
trans_list: Congo belge
sense:
(historical) A Belgian colony in Africa, the successor to King Leopold II of Belgium's Congo Free State and predecessor of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [from 1908 to 1960]


lexentry: eng/Belgicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belgicism
trans_list: belgicanisme
sense:
(politics) The political ideology which supports the political and economic union of Belgium; Belgian nationalism.


lexentry: eng/Belgicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Belgicism
trans_list: belgicisme
sense:
(linguistics) A Dutch word or phrase of Belgian origin, typically never or rarely present in the Dutch spoken in the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Belgicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Belgicism
trans_list: belgicisme
sense:
(linguistics) A French word or phrase of Belgian origin, typically never or rarely present in the French spoken in France.


lexentry: eng/Belisarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belisarius
trans_list: Bélisaire
sense:
(history) a general of the Byzantine Empire, who was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century previously


lexentry: eng/Bellatrix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bellatrix
trans_list: Bellatrix
sense:
(star) A blue eruptive variable star, the third brightest star in the constellation Orion; Gamma (γ) Orionis.


lexentry: eng/Belle_Époque__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Belle Époque
trans_list: Belle Époque
sense:
(history) A period of European history, extending over several decades until the start of the First World War, characterized by artistic and cultural refinement.


lexentry: eng/Beloved_Disciple__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beloved Disciple
trans_list: disciple bien-aimé
sense:
(biblical) A figure in the Gospel of John whose identity is left implicit within the text; traditionally, John the Evangelist himself.


lexentry: eng/Ben_Wa_ball__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ben Wa ball
trans_list: boule de geisha
sense:
(mostly, in the plural) Either of a pair of marble-sized metal or plastic balls, usually hollow and containing a small weight that rolls around, used for vaginal or anal sexual stimulation.


lexentry: eng/Benedict__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Benedict
trans_list: Benoît
sense:
(countable) A en given name, particularly of the sixth-century founder of the Benedictine order, and of several popes.


lexentry: eng/Benedictine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Benedictine
trans_list: bénédictine
sense:
A type of liqueur originating from the Benedictine cloister of Fécamp in France, made from cognac together with herb and spice extracts.


lexentry: eng/Bengal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bengal
trans_list: Bengale
sense:
A region in the Indian subcontinent which is today divided between Bangladesh and India (particularly the state of West Bengal).


lexentry: eng/Bengal_tiger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bengal tiger
trans_list: tigre du Bengale
sense:
Any tiger of a specific, fragmented population of the subspecies Panthera tigris tigris in the Indian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Bengali__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bengali
trans_list: bengali | bengalî
sense:
(uncountable) A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.


lexentry: eng/Berber__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Berber
trans_list: berbère
sense:
A group of closely related Afroasiatic languages spoken in northern Africa, particularly Morocco and Algeria.


lexentry: eng/Bergamasco__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bergamasco
trans_list: berger bergamasque | berger de Bergame
sense:
A medium-sized breed of herding dog originating in the Italian Alps, known for its heavily matted coat resembling dreadlocks.


lexentry: eng/Bergsonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bergsonian
trans_list: bergsonien
sense:
Of or relating to Henri-Louis Bergson (1859–1941), French philosopher, who convinced many thinkers that immediate experience and intuition are more significant than rationalism and science in understanding reality.


lexentry: eng/Bering_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bering Sea
trans_list: mer de Béring
sense:
The sea between Siberia and Alaska, north of the Pacific Ocean, that is connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait.


lexentry: eng/Berlin_Wall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Berlin Wall
trans_list: mur de Berlin
sense:
(history) A wall that parted the city of Berlin until 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.


lexentry: eng/Bermuda_Triangle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bermuda Triangle
trans_list: Triangle des Bermudes
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError where many ships and planes have disappeared under allegedly mysterious circumstances.


lexentry: eng/Bermuda_grass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bermuda grass
trans_list: Chiendent pied-de-poule
sense:
A perennial grass, Cynodon dactylon, native to Africa and Asia, used in warm areas of the world for pasture, lawn and making hay.


lexentry: eng/Bernoulli's_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bernoulli's principle
trans_list: principe de Bernoulli
sense:
(fluid dynamics) The principle which states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.


lexentry: eng/Bes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bes
trans_list: Bès
sense:
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian god, the protector of households and mothers, children and childbirth.


lexentry: eng/Beskids__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Beskids
trans_list: Beskides
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, running from Czech Republic to Ukraine along the Polish-Slovakia border, with its highest peak Hoverla at 2061 meters.


lexentry: eng/Bessarabia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bessarabia
trans_list: Bessarabie
sense:
(historical) A geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west. Now divided between Moldova and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Betelgeuse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Betelgeuse
trans_list: Bételgeuse
sense:
(star) A bright-red supergiant intrinsic variable star, the second brightest star in the constellation Orion; Alpha (α) Orionis. It is the tenth brightest star in the nighttime, and one of the largest stars known.


lexentry: eng/Bethsaida__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bethsaida
trans_list: Bethsaïda | Bethsaïde
sense:
(Biblical) Either of the two villages, Bethesda Julias and Bethesda of Galilee, mentioned in the New Testament.


lexentry: eng/Betti_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Betti number
trans_list: nombre de Betti
sense:
(topology, algebraic topology) Any of a sequence of numbers, denoted bn, which characterise a given topological space K by giving, for each dimension, the number of holes in K of said dimension; (formally) the rank of the nth homology group, Hn, of K.


lexentry: eng/Bhojpuri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bhojpuri
trans_list: bhojpuri
sense:
An Indo-Aryan language, spoken primarily in India, Mauritius, Nepal, Fiji, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana.


lexentry: eng/Biafra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Biafra
trans_list: Biafra
sense:
(historical) A short-lived secessionist state that declared independence from Nigeria in the late 1960s.


lexentry: eng/Bible_basher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bible basher
trans_list: grenouille de bénitier | punaise de sacristie
sense:
(pejorative) A fundamentalist Christian preacher, or other fervent Christian, who is seen to take every opportunity to talk about Christianity and attempt to convert those around them.


lexentry: eng/Big_Bang__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Bang
trans_list: Bigbang | Big Bang
sense:
(cosmology) The cosmic event that marks the beginning of time and the rapid expansion of space for the visible universe. The evolution of the universe since that beginning point is described by the Big Bang Theory.


lexentry: eng/Big_Ben__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Ben
trans_list: Big Ben
sense:
The hour bell in the Elizabeth Tower (formerly known as the Clock Tower), adjacent to the Houses of Parliament in Westminster, London, United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Big_Crunch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Crunch
trans_list: Big Crunch
sense:
(cosmology) The hypothetical eventual collapse of the universe that would ultimately occur if it contracted continuously in the future.


lexentry: eng/Big_Dipper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Dipper
trans_list: Grand Chariot | Grande Casserole
sense:
(constellation, especially, US) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a ladle or cart. It is part of the constellation Ursa Major and includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid. [from 1845] The other stars in it are Alioth, Megrez, Merak, and Phecda.


lexentry: eng/Big_Mac__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Big Mac
trans_list: Big Mac
sense:
A hamburger from the fast food company McDonald's, served on a three-part bun with various condiments.


lexentry: eng/Bigfoot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bigfoot
trans_list: Bigfoot
sense:
(US, Canada, cryptozoology, folklore) A very large, hairy, humanoid creature, similar to the yeti, said to live in the wilderness areas of the United States and Canada, especially the Pacific Northwest.


lexentry: eng/Bircher_muesli__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bircher muesli
trans_list: bircher
sense:
A breakfast dish originally consisting of rolled oats mixed with apples, nuts, lemon juice, cream and honey.


lexentry: eng/Bislama__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bislama
trans_list: bichelamar
sense:
A creole language spoken on the South Pacific island-nation of Vanuatu, derived from Indo-European (mainly from English) and Oceanic languages.


lexentry: eng/Black_Death__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Black Death
trans_list: peste noire
sense:
(disease, historical) A pandemic outbreak of bubonic plague throughout Europe and most of Asia in the 14th century that killed nearly half the population of Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/Black_Friday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Black Friday
trans_list: Black Friday | vendredi fou | vendredi noir
sense:
(US, Canada, UK, business, retailing) The day after US Thanksgiving Day, generally regarded as the first day of the Christmas season, and the busiest shopping day of the year. Observed in the US, Canada, and more recently to an extent, the UK.


lexentry: eng/Black_Friday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Black Friday
trans_list: vendredi fou
sense:
(by extension) The sales period involving heavy price reductions immediately following US Thanksgiving Day, from Friday (the original Black Friday) through Monday (Cyber Monday).


lexentry: eng/Black_Legend__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Black Legend
trans_list: Légende Noire
sense:
The depiction of Spain and Spaniards (or, by extension, all Hispanics and their countries of origin) as bloodthirsty and cruel, greedy and fanatical.


lexentry: eng/Blue_Banana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Blue Banana
trans_list: banane bleue
sense:
A discontinuous corridor of urbanization in Western Europe, stretching from northwest England to Milan.


lexentry: eng/Bluebeard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bluebeard
trans_list: Barbe-Bleue
sense:
A famous fairy tale written by Charles Perrault in 1697 about a violent nobleman who has the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of his current wife to avoid the same fate.


lexentry: eng/Blyth's_pipit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Blyth's pipit
trans_list: pipit de Godlewski
sense:
Anthus godlewskii, medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in Mongolia and neighbouring areas of China, Tibet and India.


lexentry: eng/Bob's_your_uncle__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bob's your uncle
trans_list: c'est parti mon kiki | et voilà le travail | le tour est joué
sense:
(UK, Commonwealth, Hong Kong, idiomatic) "No problem", "the solution is simple", "there you have it", "It's that easy", "you have what you want", "all will be well": indicates a desirable conclusion has been reached.


lexentry: eng/Boeotia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boeotia
trans_list: Béotie
sense:
A district of Ancient Greece, formerly renowned for the French proverbially equating the residents with philistinism; now, a district in east Central Greece, situated on the peninsula, west of Euboea, north of Attica and Megaris, and east of Phocis. The present-day capital of the prefecture is Livadeia.


lexentry: eng/Bogdania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bogdania
trans_list: Bogdanie | Bogdanie Noire
sense:
(historical) Moldavia, Great Wallachia, the territory between Transylvania and the Dniester north of Wallachia and south of Lithuania, conquered by the Ottomans in 1512


lexentry: eng/Bogomil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bogomil
trans_list: bogomile
sense:
(Christianity, historical) A member of a dualist Christian sect which flourished in the Balkans during the 10th to 15th centuries and was characterized by resistance to the state and church authorities.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bolshevik
trans_list: bolchevik | bolchevique | bolchévique
sense:
(historical) A Russian communist revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party in the 1917 Communist Revolution of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bolshevik
trans_list: bolchevik | bolchevique | bolchévique
sense:
(historical) A member of the Communist Party that ruled the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


lexentry: eng/Bolshevism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bolshevism
trans_list: bolchévisme
sense:
The Communist political ideology adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Marxism-Leninism.


lexentry: eng/Bonaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bonaire
trans_list: Bonaire
sense:
An island in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela, a special municipality of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Bonaparte's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bonaparte's gull
trans_list: mouette de Bonaparte
sense:
Chroicocephalus philadelphia, a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America.


lexentry: eng/Boolean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Boolean
trans_list: boolien | booléen
sense:
(logic, computing) Pertaining to data items that can have “true” and “false” (or, equivalently, 1 and 0 respectively) as their only possible values and to operations on such values.


lexentry: eng/Boolean_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boolean algebra
trans_list: algèbre booléenne | algèbre de Boole
sense:
(algebra) An algebraic structure (\Sigma, \vee, \wedge, \sim, 0, 1) where \vee and \wedge are idempotent binary operators, \sim is a unary involutory operator (called "complement"), and 0 and 1 are nullary operators (i.e., constants), such that (\Sigma, \vee, 0) is a commutative monoid, (\Sigma, \wedge, 1) is a commutative monoid, \wedge and \vee distribute with respect to each other, and such that combining two complementary elements through one binary operator yields the identity of the other binary operator. (See Boolean algebra (structure)#Axiomatics.)


lexentry: eng/Boolean_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Boolean algebra
trans_list: algèbre booléenne | algèbre de Boole
sense:
(algebra, logic, computing) Specifically, an algebra in which all elements can take only one of two values (typically 0 and 1, or "true" and "false") and are subject to operations based on AND, OR and NOT


lexentry: eng/Boolean_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boolean function
trans_list: fonction booléenne
sense:
(algebra, logic, computing) Any function based on the operations AND, OR and NOT, and whose elements are from the domain of Boolean algebra


lexentry: eng/Boolean_variable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boolean variable
trans_list: variable booléenne
sense:
(mathematics, logic, computing) Any variable, from the domain of Boolean algebra, having one of only two values


lexentry: eng/Bose-Einstein_condensate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bose-Einstein condensate
trans_list: condensat de Bose-Einstein
sense:
(physics) A gaseous superfluid phase of matter in which all the particles have the same quantum state.


lexentry: eng/Bosnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bosnia
trans_list: Bosnie
sense:
The northern three-fourths of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a geographic and historical entity, not an administrative unit.


lexentry: eng/Bosnian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Bosnian
trans_list: bosnien | Bosnien | Bosnienne | bosniaque
sense:
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


lexentry: eng/Boston__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: Boston
trans_list: Boston
sense:
(cards) An eighteenth-century trick-taking card game for four players, with two packs of fifty-two cards each.


lexentry: eng/Boston_ivy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boston ivy
trans_list: vigne vierge à trois pointes
sense:
A perennial vine related to the grapevine, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, which, like true ivy (Hedera helix), is planted next to masonry buildings to grow on the walls. In spite of the name, Boston ivy is native to Japan, Korea and China.


lexentry: eng/Botox__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Botox
trans_list: botox
sense:
A toxic compound (generic name botulinum toxin type A) produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, that causes the paralysis of muscles, used in cosmetic surgery to conceal wrinkles and for muscle spasm relief and headache prevention.


lexentry: eng/Boudica__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boudica
trans_list: Boadicée
sense:
A queen of the British Iceni tribe that led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire, died c. 61 CE


lexentry: eng/Bowden_cable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bowden cable
trans_list: câble Bowden
sense:
A flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force by the movement of an inner cable (most commonly of steel) relative to a hollow outer housing.


lexentry: eng/Boötes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Boötes
trans_list: Bouvier
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, called the “bear-guard” or the “herdsman”. It includes the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, Arcturus.


lexentry: eng/Brabant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brabant
trans_list: Brabant
sense:
(historical) Until 1995, a province of central Belgium; since divided into Flemish Brabant, Brussels-Capital Region and Walloon Brabant.


lexentry: eng/Brabant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Brabant
trans_list: Brabant
sense:
Duchy of Brabant; a historical region, roughly comprising the area of modern Flemish and Walloon Brabant, Brussels, the Belgian province of Antwerp, and the Dutch province of North Brabant.


lexentry: eng/Brabantian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brabantian
trans_list: Brabançon | Brabançonne
sense:
A person from the respective provinces or historic region of Brabant (especially if Brabantian-speaking).


lexentry: eng/Brahma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brahma
trans_list: Brahmâ
sense:
(Hinduism, Hindu god) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.


lexentry: eng/Brahman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brahman
trans_list: Brahman
sense:
(Hinduism) The unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe. The nature of Brahman is described as transpersonal, personal and impersonal by different philosophical schools.


lexentry: eng/Brandenburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Brandenburg
trans_list: Brandebourg | Brandebourg-sur-la-Havel
sense:
(historical) The lands of Brandenburg (Mark Brandenburg, Provinz Brandenburg), provinces of Prussia from 1815 to 1946.


lexentry: eng/Brazilian_Portuguese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brazilian Portuguese
trans_list: portugais brésilien | portugais du Brésil
sense:
The Portuguese language as spoken and written in Brazil, particularly when it differs from other regional varieties of that language.


lexentry: eng/Brezhnev__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brezhnev
trans_list: Brejnev
sense:
A transliteration of the Russian surname Бре́жнев (Bréžnev); usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Leonid Brezhnev.


lexentry: eng/Brezhnevian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brezhnevian
trans_list: brejnévien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982), General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964.


lexentry: eng/Briseis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Briseis
trans_list: Briséis
sense:
(Greek mythology) A legendary figure who features in the Iliad; a princess granted as concubine to Achilles after the sacking of her city, Lyrnessus, before the beginning of the story.


lexentry: eng/British_English__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: British English
trans_list: Anglais Britannique
sense:
The English language as written and spoken in the United Kingdom (in contrast with other places, particularly other countries where English is predominant or at least an important language)


lexentry: eng/British_Raj__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: British Raj
trans_list: Raj britannique
sense:
(historical) The period of colonial rule of the Indian subcontinent by the British Empire between 1858 and 1947.


lexentry: eng/Britisher__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Britisher
trans_list: Britannique
sense:
(India) The British colonial authorities; a European member of the British Raj, especially an officer from the colonial authorities.


lexentry: eng/Briton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Briton
trans_list: Britannique | Grand-Breton | Grande-Bretonne
sense:
An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.


lexentry: eng/Britpop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Britpop
trans_list: britpop
sense:
A British alternative rock movement from the mid-1990s, characterised by influences from the 1960s and 1970s, catchy hooks, the glamour of earlier pop stardom, and the sense of creating a soundtrack to the lives of a new generation of British youth.


lexentry: eng/Broca's_aphasia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Broca's aphasia
trans_list: aphasie de Broca
sense:
(medicine, pathology) A disorder where a sufferer is unable to use fluent grammar when speaking or writing, and utterances are almost always ungrammatical.


lexentry: eng/Bronze_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bronze Age
trans_list: âge du bronze
sense:
(archaeology) A period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze.


lexentry: eng/Brownian_motion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brownian motion
trans_list: mouvement brownien
sense:
(statistical mechanics) Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid, arising from those particles being struck by individual molecules of the fluid.


lexentry: eng/Brownshirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brownshirt
trans_list: chemise brune
sense:
(historical) A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung.


lexentry: eng/Brumaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brumaire
trans_list: brumaire
sense:
(historical) The second month of the French Republican Calendar, from October 22, 23 or 24 to November 20, 21 or 22.


lexentry: eng/Brusselization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brusselization
trans_list: bruxellisation
sense:
(urbanism) Careless introduction of high-rise buildings into traditional residential neighbourhoods.


lexentry: eng/Brussels_sprout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brussels sprout
trans_list: chou de Bruxelles
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) The green vegetable Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, a cabbage variety native to Belgium.


lexentry: eng/Brutalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Brutalism
trans_list: brutalisme
sense:
(architecture) A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process.


lexentry: eng/Buddha's_hand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Buddha's hand
trans_list: main de Bouddha
sense:
Citrus medica var. sarcodactylus, a fragrant variant of citron whose fruit is segmented into finger-like sections.


lexentry: eng/Buddha-nature__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Buddha-nature
trans_list: nature de bouddha
sense:
(Buddhism) The potential of achieving the nature of the Buddha through study and religious practice.


lexentry: eng/Buddhahood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Buddhahood
trans_list: bouddhéité
sense:
(Buddhism) The state of being a buddha, or being spiritually enlightened by Buddhist or other teachings.


lexentry: eng/Bukovina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bukovina
trans_list: Bucovine
sense:
A historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and adjoining plains, currently split between Romania and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Bulverism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bulverism
trans_list: bulvérisme
sense:
A rhetorical fallacy in which a speaker assumes that their opponent's argument is wrong, and instead of disproving it, condescendingly explains why their opponent would have come to that conclusion.


lexentry: eng/Busan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Busan
trans_list: Pusan | Busan
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is the second largest city and the largest port city in Korea. It is also well known for its beaches and port.


lexentry: eng/Bushism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bushism
trans_list: bushisme
sense:
The political philosophy associated with former US president George W. Bush or his father, former US president George H. W. Bush.


lexentry: eng/Bushman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bushman
trans_list: Bochiman
sense:
A person who lives in the bush, especially a member of a community or ethnic group who lives in the bush.


lexentry: eng/Byelorussian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byelorussian SSR
trans_list: Rss biélorusse
sense:
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Bolshevik Belarus which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1919–1991).


lexentry: eng/Byron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byron
trans_list: Výronas
sense:
Lord Byron, George Gordon (Noel) Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788–April 19, 1824), a famous English poet and leading figure in romanticism.


lexentry: eng/Byzantine_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byzantine Empire
trans_list: Empire byzantin
sense:
(historical) The predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages with its capital city being Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally known as Byzantium, which fell in 1453.


lexentry: eng/Byzantine_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byzantine Greek
trans_list: grec byzantin
sense:
Collectively, the continuum of forms of the Greek language as written and spoken during the time of the Byzantine Empire (C.E. 330–1453), preceded by Koine Greek and Early Medieval Greek and succeeded by Late Medieval Greek to Modern Greek. (ISO 639-3 code: grc shared with Classical Greek.)


lexentry: eng/Byzantine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Byzantine
trans_list: byzantin
sense:
(history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul.


lexentry: eng/Byzantine_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Byzantine studies
trans_list: byzantinologie
sense:
(humanities) an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, costumes, religion, art, such as literature and music, science, economy, and politics of the Byzantine Empire


lexentry: eng/Béarn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Béarn
trans_list: Béarn
sense:
(historical) A former viscounty in the southwestern French Pyrenees, which became part of the French royal domain before it was united with the French crown, together with Navarra, as a single feudal province of the French realm.


lexentry: eng/Bézier_curve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Bézier curve
trans_list: courbe de Bézier
sense:
(mathematics, computer graphics) A type of parametric curve defined by a set of control points, two of which are the ends of the curve, while the others determine its shape. [From 1960s.]


lexentry: eng/C++__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C++
trans_list: C++
sense:
(computer language) A multi-paradigm high-level compiled programming language, that is a more advanced form of C.


lexentry: eng/C-pop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C-pop
trans_list: C-pop | pop chinoise
sense:
(music genre) Chinese pop music influenced by western genres. It consists of two subgenres, Cantopop and Mandopop, though the gap between them has been narrowing.


lexentry: eng/C-suite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C-suite
trans_list: directeur
sense:
(management) The group of officers of a business organization who have the word "chief" in their titles.


lexentry: eng/CADPAT__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CADPAT
trans_list: DcamC
sense:
(Canada, military) Acronym of Canadian disruption pattern.; The copyrighted digital pixelated squared camouflage pattern used by the Canadian Armed Forces first introduced early in the 21st-century, inspired by dual-tex and inspiring U.S. MARPAT that inspired U.S. UCP.


lexentry: eng/CAF__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: CAF
trans_list: ARC | FAC | FC
sense:
(Canada, military, aviation) Initialism of Canadian Air Force., predecessor of and successor to the Royal Canadian Air Force


lexentry: eng/CAPTCHA__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CAPTCHA
trans_list: CAPTCHA | Captcha
sense:
(computing, Internet) A computerized test requiring the human user to perform a task deemed to be difficult to automate, such as entering a displayed series of distorted characters or describing images, to demonstrate that they are a human and not a computer program.


lexentry: eng/CCGS__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CCGS
trans_list: NGCC
sense:
(nautical, military) Initialism of w:en:Canadian Coast Guard Ship.. The designation for vessels operated by the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG).


lexentry: eng/CD-ROM__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CD-ROM
trans_list: cédérom
sense:
compact disk - read only memory: an optical disc containing data that can be read (but not changed) by a computer


lexentry: eng/CD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CD
trans_list: CD
sense:
Initialism of compact disc; a disc once commonly used to store data, and especially for the distribution of music and software.


lexentry: eng/CE__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CE
trans_list: ÈC (ère commune)
sense:
Initialism of Common Era, Current Era or Christian Era. Equivalent of AD. Like other era initialisms, often written in small caps.


lexentry: eng/CJK__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CJK
trans_list: CJC
sense:
Initialism of Chinese, Japanese, Korean (languages typically grouped because they all use writing systems derived from Chinese characters)


lexentry: eng/CPIL__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CPIL
trans_list: LDIP
sense:
Initialism of Code on Private International Law. (names of laws in Belgium, the Code de droit international privé / Wetboek van internationaal privaatrecht, and in Switzerland, the loi fédérale suisse sur le droit international privé / Schweizerisches Bundesgesetz über das internationale Privatrecht / legge federale svizzera sul diritto internazionale privato)


lexentry: eng/CS__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: CS
trans_list: NC
sense:
(computer games) Initialism of Counter-Strike: a series of multiplayer first-person shooter video games that began in 1999.


lexentry: eng/CV__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: CV
trans_list: PA
sense:
(US, navy) aircraft carrier, a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles (a nuclear-powered one is a CVN)


lexentry: eng/C_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: C major
trans_list: do majeur | ut majeur
sense:
(music) The major key with C as its tonic, and no sharps or flats, having the notes C, D, E, F, G, A, and B.


lexentry: eng/Caelus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caelus
trans_list: Uranus
sense:
(Roman god) The personification of the sky and heavens. Either the brother-husband or son-&-husband of Terra, with whom he fathered the Titans and the Cyclops. He is the Roman counterpart of Uranus.


lexentry: eng/Caesar_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caesar salad
trans_list: salade César
sense:
(gastronomy, countable, and, uncountable) A type of salad, generally made from romaine lettuce, croutons, parmesan cheese, coddled or hard-boiled eggs, fresh-ground black pepper and Worcestershire sauce.


lexentry: eng/California_Spangled_Cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: California Spangled Cat
trans_list: Californian spangled
sense:
(felinology) A domestic cat of an extinct medium-sized, short-haired breed, originating in the United States during the 1980s, which was bred to resemble a leopard.


lexentry: eng/California_hazelnut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: California hazelnut
trans_list: noisetier à long bec
sense:
A shrub with edible nuts, Corylus cornuta subsp. californica, native to the western edge of North America.


lexentry: eng/California_poppy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: California poppy
trans_list: marmotte
sense:
A popular flowering garden plant, Eschscholzia californica, native to the south-western United States, and other similar plants in genus Eschscholzia.


lexentry: eng/California_quail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: California quail
trans_list: colin de Californie
sense:
A quail native to California and areas of neighboring states, but introduced elsewhere, Callipepla californica


lexentry: eng/California_roll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: California roll
trans_list: rouleau californien | rouleau de sushi californien
sense:
(cuisine) A popular form of sushi in the United States, commonly made with avocado, cucumber, and crab meat, and wrapped with rice.


lexentry: eng/Calvary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Calvary
trans_list: Calvaire
sense:
The hill outside Jerusalem which is traditionally held to be the location of the crucifixion of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Calvinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Calvinism
trans_list: calvinisme
sense:
The Christian religious tradition based upon the doctrines and forms of Christian practice of several Protestant reformers, especially John Calvin, in contrast to Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anabaptism, and Arminianism. One distinctive trait of the system is its Augustinian doctrine of predestination, which teaches that God has elected some for salvation, apart from anything they do or believe.


lexentry: eng/Cambrian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cambrian
trans_list: cambrien
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and Furongian epochs from about 542 to 490 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Cambrian_explosion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cambrian explosion
trans_list: explosion cambrienne
sense:
(evolutionary, _, biology) The relatively rapid appearance, during the Cambrian Period around 541 million years ago, of most major animal phyla, as demonstrated in the fossil record.


lexentry: eng/Camelot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Camelot
trans_list: Camelot
sense:
(Arthurian mythology) TemplateParserError:LuaError. The stronghold of King Arthur in the Arthurian legend.


lexentry: eng/Canada__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Canada
trans_list: Canada
sense:
(historical) Lower Canada 1791–1840 (also Canada East 1840–1867, now province of Quebec) or respectively Upper Canada (Canada West, now province of Ontario), often “the Canadas” (or politically, “United Canada” 1840–1867).


lexentry: eng/Canada__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Canada
trans_list: Canada
sense:
(historical) (1608–1763) The most active province of New France. Nowadays corresponds to the territory of much of Quebec, Ontario, and several US states (aligning with the Saint Lawrence River and Ottawa River plains and Great Lakes plains, and Laurentian Mountains)


lexentry: eng/Canadian_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canadian football
trans_list: football | football canadien
sense:
A game similar to American football played on a field of 110 yards long and 65 yards wide (with two 20 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 12 players attempt to get an ovoid ball to the end of each other's territory.


lexentry: eng/Cancer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cancer
trans_list: Cancer
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22 - July 22 (tropical astrology) or July 16 - August 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Candlemas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Candlemas
trans_list: Chandeleur
sense:
The festival in the Christian year celebrated on February 2nd. It commemorates the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple.


lexentry: eng/Canes_Venatici__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canes Venatici
trans_list: Chiens de chasse
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pair of hunting dogs (Chara and Asterion) held on a leash by Boötes and following the bear Ursa Major.


lexentry: eng/Canis_Major__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canis Major
trans_list: Grand Chien
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It includes the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (sometimes called the Dog Star).


lexentry: eng/Canis_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Canis Minor
trans_list: Petit Chien
sense:
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It is most notable for including the eighth brightest star in the night sky, Procyon.


lexentry: eng/Cannae__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cannae
trans_list: Cannes
sense:
(historical) A village in the Apulia region of south east Italy, known as the site of a battle in 216 B.C. in which the Carthaginians under Hannibal defeated the Romans


lexentry: eng/Canso__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Canso
trans_list: Canseau | Canso
sense:
Ellipsis of Canso Crater.; TemplateParserError:LuaError; named after the town of Canso, Nova Scotia, Canada


lexentry: eng/Canterbury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Canterbury
trans_list: Cantorbéry
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the City of Canterbury, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the city itself.


lexentry: eng/Cantonese__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Cantonese
trans_list: cantonais
sense:
(uncountable) A dialect of the Cantonese language, spoken in Guangzhou (Canton), Hong Kong, Macau, and treated as the standard dialect of the Cantonese language.


lexentry: eng/Cantopop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cantopop
trans_list: cantopop
sense:
(uncountable, music genre) Cantonese popular music, originating from Guangdong (Canton) and Hong Kong.


lexentry: eng/Cao_Dai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cao Dai
trans_list: caodaïsme
sense:
(religion) A syncretic monotheistic religion founded in the 20th century in Vietnam, which worships a deity of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Cape_Canaveral__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Cape Canaveral
trans_list: Cap Canaveral
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the cape it is located at; Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.


lexentry: eng/Cape_lion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cape lion
trans_list: lion du Cap
sense:
A lion of the extinct population of subspecies Panthera leo melanochaita which inhabited the Cape of Good Hope.


lexentry: eng/Capeverdean_Crioulo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Capeverdean Crioulo
trans_list: créoles du Cap-Vert
sense:
A creole language spoken in Cape Verde and divided into Santo Antão, São Vicente, São Nicolau, Sal, Boa Vista, Maio, Santiago, Fogo and Brava creoles.


lexentry: eng/Capricorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Capricorn
trans_list: Capricorne
sense:
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the goat, ruled by Saturn and covering December 22 – January 20 (tropical astrology) or January 15 – February 14 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Capsian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Capsian
trans_list: capsien
sense:
(archaeology) of or pertaining to a Paleolithic culture of North Africa (named after primary findings there, in the now southern Tunisian oasis Gafsa) and southern Europe


lexentry: eng/Caravaggio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caravaggio
trans_list: Caravage
sense:
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610), an Italian painter known for the dramatism of his style and subjects.


lexentry: eng/Carboniferous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carboniferous
trans_list: carbonifère
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises the lower, middle and upper Mississippian and lower, middle and upper Pennsylvanian epochs from about 345 to 280 million years ago, when coal was laid down.


lexentry: eng/Care_Bears__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Care Bears
trans_list: Bisounours | Calinours
sense:
A fictional group of multi-colored bear characters, originally painted in 1981 by artist Elena Kucharik to be used on greeting cards from American Greetings but in 1983, the characters were turned into plush teddy bears.


lexentry: eng/Caribbean_Netherlands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caribbean Netherlands
trans_list: Pays-Bas caribéens
sense:
The three special municipalities of the Netherlands that are located in the Caribbean: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba.


lexentry: eng/Caribbean_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caribbean Sea
trans_list: mer des Caraïbes | mer des Antilles
sense:
A tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Caribbean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Caribbean
trans_list: caraïbe | caribéen
sense:
Pertaining to the sea and region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba and Hispaniola).


lexentry: eng/Caribbean__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caribbean
trans_list: Caribéen | Caribéenne
sense:
(countable) A member of the Amerindian tribes that inhabited the Caribbean region before the arrival of the Europeans


lexentry: eng/Caribbean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caribbean
trans_list: Caraïbes | Caraïbe
sense:
The countries that occupy the region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba and Hispaniola)


lexentry: eng/Carina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carina
trans_list: Carène
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the keel of a ship. It contains the star Canopus, the second brightest star in the night sky. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Carlism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carlism
trans_list: carlisme
sense:
A political movement in Spain that seeks the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne.


lexentry: eng/Carmelite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carmelite
trans_list: carme | carmélite
sense:
A member of the Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, a Catholic religious order focusing on contemplative prayer and the Virgin Mary.


lexentry: eng/Carniola__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carniola
trans_list: Carniole
sense:
(historical) A historical region of the Holy Roman and Austrian empires that comprised parts of what is now Slovenia.


lexentry: eng/Carolina_wren__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carolina wren
trans_list: troglodyte de Caroline
sense:
A common species of wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) found throughout the eastern United States and nearby areas. It is the state bird of South Carolina.


lexentry: eng/Carolingian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carolingian
trans_list: carolingien
sense:
Of or pertaining to the dynasty that ruled parts of western Europe from the 7th to the 9th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Carolingian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carolingian
trans_list: carolingien
sense:
Any member of a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the seventh century.


lexentry: eng/Carpathians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carpathians
trans_list: Carpates | Karpates | Karpatique
sense:
A large mountainous system in Central Europe, mainly in Transylvania (Romania) and the Polish (Silesian)-Slovak border region.


lexentry: eng/Carpatho-Ukraine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carpatho-Ukraine
trans_list: Ruthénie_subcarpathique
sense:
(historical) A former region of Czechoslovakia (September 1938 – March 1939) and self-declared independent state (during March of 1939).


lexentry: eng/Cartesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian
trans_list: cartésien
sense:
Of, or pertaining to, Descartes, his mathematical methods, or his philosophy, especially with regard to its emphasis on logical analysis and its mechanistic interpretation of physical nature.


lexentry: eng/Cartesian_coordinate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian coordinate
trans_list: coordonnées cartésiennes
sense:
(geometry) The coordinates of a point measured from an origin along a horizontal axis from left to right (the x-axis) and along a vertical axis from bottom to top (the y-axis). This can be extended to three-dimensions by the z-axis perpendicular to the x- and y-axes.


lexentry: eng/Cartesian_coordinates__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian coordinates
trans_list: coordonnées cartésiennes
sense:
(algebraic geometry) The coordinates of a point measured as its perpendicular distance to the right of a vertical axis (the y-axis) and its perpendicular distance above a horizontal axis (the x-axis).


lexentry: eng/Cartesian_product__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cartesian product
trans_list: produit cartésien
sense:
(set theory) The set of all possible pairs of elements whose components are members of two sets. Notation: X \times Y = \{(x,y)\|x\in X \land y\in Y\}.


lexentry: eng/Carthusian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Carthusian
trans_list: chartreux
sense:
A member of a Christian contemplative order of monks founded by Bruno of Cologne (St Bruno) in 1084.


lexentry: eng/Cassandra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cassandra
trans_list: Cassandre
sense:
(Greek mythology) A prophetess who was daughter of King Priam of Troy and his queen Hecuba. She captured the eye of Apollo and was granted the ability to see the future; however, she was destined never to be believed.


lexentry: eng/Cassiopeia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cassiopeia
trans_list: Cassiopée
sense:
(Greek mythology) Proud wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda, queen of Ethiopia. When she boasted that her beauty was equal to that of the Nereids, she was punished by Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Cassiopeia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cassiopeia
trans_list: Cassiopée
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky representing Queen Cassiopeia from Greek myth. The constellation lies between Cepheus and Perseus and contains the stars Schedar and Caph.


lexentry: eng/Castile__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Castile
trans_list: Castille
sense:
A vaguely defined region of central Spain generally corresponding to the regions of Old and New Castile.


lexentry: eng/Castilian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Castilian
trans_list: castillan
sense:
(inexact, sometimes, _, offensive) Synonym of Spanish, the language of Spain and its former colonies.


lexentry: eng/Castrist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Castrist
trans_list: castriste
sense:
A supporter of Fidel Castro (born 1926), Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who was Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and President from 1976 to 2008.


lexentry: eng/Catalan_Countries__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catalan Countries
trans_list: Pays Catalans
sense:
The territories where Catalan is spoken, and these regions are Catalonia, Valencian Community, the Balearic Islands, the Aragon Strip and the Carxe (in Spain), the Northern Catalonia (in France), the Alghero (in Italy), and Andorra.


lexentry: eng/Catalan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catalan
trans_list: catalan
sense:
The Romance language of Catalonia, an autonomous region in the northeast of Spain, also spoken in the Valencian autonomous region (where the language is officially named valencià), the Balearic Islands, Andorra, Roussillon in France, and the Sardinian city of Alghero.


lexentry: eng/Catalonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Catalonia
trans_list: Catalogne
sense:
(historical) A traditional region and former principality, including the autonomous community of Catalonia, the Aragon Strip and the region of Northern Catalonia (France).


lexentry: eng/Catch-22__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catch-22
trans_list: cercle vicieux
sense:
(idiomatic) A difficult situation from which there is no escape because it involves mutually conflicting or dependent conditions.


lexentry: eng/Cathar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cathar
trans_list: cathare
sense:
A member of certain so self-styled Novatian and other medieval Christian sects embracing a form of dualism and extraordinary practices purportedly adhering to Mary Magdalene's teachings, persecuted by Roman Catholics as heretics.


lexentry: eng/Catholic_Church__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Catholic Church
trans_list: Église catholique
sense:
The Catholic Church, which consists of 24 particular churches in full communion with the Pope as the Bishop of Rome.


lexentry: eng/Caucasian_Albanian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caucasian Albanian
trans_list: aghouanais | albanien | vieil oudi
sense:
The extinct Northeast Caucasian language once spoken by these people, and from which Udi is descended.


lexentry: eng/Caucasian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caucasian
trans_list: caucasien
sense:
(anthropology, dated) Of a racial classification pertaining to people having certain phenotypical features such as straight, curly, or wavy hair and very light to brown pigmented skin, and originating from Europe, parts of Northern Africa and Central, South, and Western Asia.


lexentry: eng/Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Caucasus
trans_list: Caucase
sense:
(geopolitical) A geopolitical region in Eastern Europe, deriving its name from the aforementioned mountains.


lexentry: eng/Celsius__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celsius
trans_list: Celsius
sense:
Related to a metric temperature scale, originally defined as having the freezing point of water as 0 degrees and its boiling point as 100 degrees, at standard atmospheric pressure. The standardized definition has 0.01 °C as the triple point of water, and a difference in temperature of 1 °C corresponds to 1⁄273.16 of the difference in temperature between the triple point and the absolute zero.


lexentry: eng/Celtiberian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtiberian
trans_list: celtibère
sense:
A member of a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain, before and during the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Celtic_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtic Sea
trans_list: mer Celtique
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError The area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded by Saint George's Channel, the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay.


lexentry: eng/Celtic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtic
trans_list: celtique
sense:
A branch of the Indo-European languages that was spread widely over Western and Central Europe in the pre-Christian era.


lexentry: eng/Celtic_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Celtic studies
trans_list: celtologie
sense:
(humanities) the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to a Celtic people


lexentry: eng/Cenozoic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cenozoic
trans_list: Cénozoïque
sense:
(geology) A geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon comprising the Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary periods from about 65 million years ago to the present, when the continents moved to their current position and modern plants and animals evolved.


lexentry: eng/Centaurus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Centaurus
trans_list: Centaure
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky (and autumn of the southern sky) with the outline of a centaur. It includes the stars Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman), Proxima Centauri, and Hadar.


lexentry: eng/Central_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Central Africa
trans_list: Centrafrique | centre d'Afrique
sense:
A core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.


lexentry: eng/Central_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Central Asia
trans_list: Asie centrale
sense:
A landlocked area of continental Asia comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. In the USSR and the modern Russia, the area is called Middle Asia (Средняя Азия).


lexentry: eng/Central_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Central Europe
trans_list: Europe centrale
sense:
A geographic region in the center of Europe, usually including Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Cepheid_variable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cepheid variable
trans_list: céphéide
sense:
(star) A radially pulsating (expanding and contracting) variable star with a regular period and known relationship between period and intrinsic brightness.


lexentry: eng/Cepheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cepheus
trans_list: Céphée
sense:
(Greek mythology) Husband of Cassiopeia, king of Eritrea, father of Andromeda. There may be two mythical kings by this name.


lexentry: eng/Cepheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cepheus
trans_list: Céphée
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, located between Draco and Cassiopeia and representing the king Cepheus from Greek myth. It contains the star Alderamin.


lexentry: eng/Cerberus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cerberus
trans_list: Cerbère
sense:
(Greek mythology) The giant three-headed dog who guards the entrance to Hades; and one of the many offspring of Echidna and Typhon.


lexentry: eng/Cerenkov_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cerenkov effect
trans_list: effet Cerenkov
sense:
(physics) The emission of light (Cerenkov radiation) that occurs when a charged particle passes through an insulator at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium; the characteristic blue glow from a nuclear reactor.


lexentry: eng/Ceres__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ceres
trans_list: Cérès
sense:
(astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, the innermost dwarf planet; officially called (1) Ceres. (see usage notes)


lexentry: eng/Cetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cetus
trans_list: Baleine
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a whale. It includes the star Mira.


lexentry: eng/Chagatai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chagatai
trans_list: Chagatai | Djaghataï | Tchaghataï
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, most famously borne by the Mongol ruler Chagatai Khan (1183–1242), second son of Genghis Khan and first khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a medieval Mongol and later Turkicized khanate of Central Asia (divided after the 14th century).


lexentry: eng/Chagatai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chagatai
trans_list: tchaghataï | turk-oriental
sense:
An extinct literary Turkic language used in Central Asia and Bashkortostan between the 15th and the 20th century.


lexentry: eng/Chaldea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chaldea
trans_list: Chaldée
sense:
A region in the southern portion of Babylonia, Lower Mesopotamia, lying chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates, but commonly used to refer to the whole of the Mesopotamian plain.


lexentry: eng/Chaldean_Catholic_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chaldean Catholic Church
trans_list: Église catholique chaldéenne
sense:
(Christianity) An Eastern Catholic particular church (sui juris), which uses the Chaldean rite, in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church.


lexentry: eng/Chaldiran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chaldiran
trans_list: Tchaldiran
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the site of a battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire in 1514.


lexentry: eng/Challenger_Deep__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Challenger Deep
trans_list: Challenger Deep
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a point in the Mariana Trench, known as the deepest point in the world's oceans.


lexentry: eng/Chamaeleon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chamaeleon
trans_list: Caméléon
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, imagined to resemble a chameleon, which lies south of the constellations Carina and Musca.


lexentry: eng/Chamorro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chamorro
trans_list: chamorro
sense:
An Austronesian language spoken by the indigenous native islanders of the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam.


lexentry: eng/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chancellor of the Exchequer
trans_list: ministre des finances
sense:
The official title held by the British cabinet minister, who is responsible for all governmental economic and financial matters, including the treasury.


lexentry: eng/Channel_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Channel Islands
trans_list: archipel Normand | îles Anglo-Normandes | îles de la Manche
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError: San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Clemente.


lexentry: eng/Chaplinesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chaplinesque
trans_list: chaplinesque
sense:
Reminiscent of Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin (1889–1977), English comic actor and film director of the silent film era.


lexentry: eng/Charlemagne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Charlemagne
trans_list: Charlemagne
sense:
One of the kings of the Franks from 768 to 814, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 until his death in 814.


lexentry: eng/Charles's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Charles's law
trans_list: loi de Charles
sense:
(physics) The law stating that the density of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.


lexentry: eng/Chartism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chartism
trans_list: chartisme
sense:
(historical) A working-class movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century.


lexentry: eng/Chartres_blue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chartres blue
trans_list: bleu de Chartres
sense:
(colour, glassworking) A shade of blue created for the stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral, containing traces of red for enhancement.


lexentry: eng/Chavismo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chavismo
trans_list: chavisme
sense:
a left-wing populist ideology based on the policies of Hugo Chávez, the former president of Venezuela (2002-2013), and the politics of the Bolivarian Revolution (Bolivarianism).


lexentry: eng/Chebyshev's_inequality__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chebyshev's inequality
trans_list: inégalité de Tchebychev
sense:
(statistics) The theorem that in any data sample with finite variance, the probability of any random variable X that lies k or more standard deviations away from the mean is no more than 1/k2, i.e. assuming mean μ and standard deviation σ, the probability is:


lexentry: eng/Chechen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chechen
trans_list: Tchétchène
sense:
A member of a Nakh people of the northern Caucasus and resident in the Russian republic of Chechnya.


lexentry: eng/Chekhov's_gun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chekhov's gun
trans_list: fusil de Tchekhov
sense:
(literature) A dramatic principle that states that every element in a story must be necessary, and irrelevant elements should be removed.


lexentry: eng/Chekist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chekist
trans_list: tchékiste
sense:
(historical) An agent of the Cheka, the Soviet Russian secret police from 1917 to 1922, replacing the Okhrana secret police of Tsarist Russia; succeeded by the OGPU and NKVD.


lexentry: eng/Cheops__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cheops
trans_list: Chéops | Khéops
sense:
a pharaoh of Egypt, who ruled in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC) and is renowned as the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza


lexentry: eng/Chernobyl__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chernobyl
trans_list: Tchernobyl
sense:
(by extension) The 1986 nuclear accident which resulted in the abandonment of the aforementioned city.


lexentry: eng/Cherusci__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cherusci
trans_list: chérusque
sense:
(historical) a Germanic tribe that inhabited parts of the plains and forests of northwestern Germany, in the area possibly near present-day Hanover, during the first centuries BC and AD


lexentry: eng/Cheshire_cat__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cheshire cat
trans_list: chat de Chester | chat du Cheshire
sense:
A fictional cat with a broad fixed grin, made popular by Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865).


lexentry: eng/Chiers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chiers
trans_list: Chiers
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows for about 130 km (81 mi) through Luxembourg, Belgium and France; it joins the Meuse near Sedan.


lexentry: eng/Childermas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Childermas
trans_list: massacre des Innocents
sense:
(Christianity) A religious service and holiday commemorating the supposed Massacre of the Innocents in Judea around the time of the birth of Christ, typically observed on 28 December in Western Christianity and 29 December in Eastern Christianity; in Spanish and Latin American contexts, the day is frequently filled with light-hearted pranks similar to April Fools' Day.


lexentry: eng/Chilean_mussel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chilean mussel
trans_list: moule
sense:
A species of mussel Mytilus chilensis and its edible flesh, native to southern South America and the Kerguelen Islands.


lexentry: eng/Chimera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chimera
trans_list: Chimère | chimère
sense:
(Greek mythology) A supposed fire-breathing monster in Lycia with the head of a lion, body of a goat, and tail of a dragon or snake, killed by the hero Bellerophon.


lexentry: eng/China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: China
trans_list: Chine
sense:
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.


lexentry: eng/China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: China
trans_list: Chine
sense:
The principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/China_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: China syndrome
trans_list: syndrome chinois
sense:
(idiomatic, nuclear physics, uncountable) A hypothetical kind of catastrophic failure in which a nuclear reactor melts through the floor of its containment system and penetrates the Earth's surface, continuing downward as if (from a Western Hemispheric point of view) traveling through the planet toward China.


lexentry: eng/Chinatown__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinatown
trans_list: quartier chinois
sense:
A district of a city or town (in a country other than China) in which there is a large concentration of Chinese residents and businesses.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_Crested_Dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese Crested Dog
trans_list: chien chinois à crête
sense:
A toy dog that resembles a long-snouted Chihuahua with tufts of hair about the head and ears, tail and feet.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_New_Year__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese New Year
trans_list: nouvel an chinois
sense:
An annual Chinese holiday, marking the beginning of a new year according to the traditional Chinese calendar.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_Wall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese Wall
trans_list: Grande muraille
sense:
(idiomatic, jargon) An information barrier within an organization, designed to ensure internal confidentiality; frequently used to prevent conflicts of interest.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: chinois | chinoise
sense:
Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: Chinois | chinois
sense:
(uncountable, collective) The citizens of China, particularly citizens of the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Chinese
trans_list: chinois | langue chinoise
sense:
(uncountable) The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Minnan, and other closely related language varieties and dialects.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_checkers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese checkers
trans_list: dames chinoises
sense:
A board game played by two to six people, in which players aim to move their own pieces to the corner opposite their starting position by single moves or jumps over other pieces.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_cinnamon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese cinnamon
trans_list: cannelier de Chine
sense:
An evergreen tree (Cinnamomum cassia) originating in southern China, and widely cultivated for its aromatic bark, which is used to produce cinnamon.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_cinnamon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chinese cinnamon
trans_list: cannelle de Chine | casse
sense:
The bark of this tree when used as spice, and when distinguishing it from "true cinnamon", the bark of the C. verum.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_crocodile_lizard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese crocodile lizard
trans_list: lézard crocodile de Chine
sense:
A semiaquatic anguimorph lizard, Shinisaurus crocodilurus, found only in cool forests in southeastern China and northeastern Vietnam.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_dragon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese dragon
trans_list: dragon chinois
sense:
(mythology) A legendary creature, usually depicted as long and snake-like, with many claws, common in several East Asian cultures.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_jump_rope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese jump rope
trans_list: jeu de l'élastique
sense:
A children's game in which two participants hold a string of rubber bands tied in a circle with their feet and a third participant is challenged to make a certain series of moves in relation to the string successfully.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_lantern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese lantern
trans_list: lampion
sense:
A paper lantern in bright colours used for decorative purposes, commonly painted with Chinese art and calligraphy motifs.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_mugwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese mugwort
trans_list: armoise chinoise | armoise de Chine
sense:
A herbaceous perennial plant from one of two species, Artemisia argyi or Artemisia verlotiorum, used in traditional Chinese medicine.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_numeral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese numeral
trans_list: chiffre chinois
sense:
(arithmetic) Any of the symbols 〇 (or 零), 一, 二, 三, 四, 五, 六, 七, 八, 九, 十, 百, 千, 萬 / 万, 億 / 亿, etc. used to represent numbers in Chinese-speaking countries/areas, Japan, at some stage in Korea and Vietnam.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese studies
trans_list: sinologie
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literature written in the Chinese language, Chinese linguistics, and Chinese sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_water_torture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese water torture
trans_list: supplice de la goutte d'eau
sense:
A form of torture in which water is repetitively dripped onto the forehead of a victim who is restrained.


lexentry: eng/Chinese_whispers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chinese whispers
trans_list: téléphone arabe | téléphone sans fil
sense:
(games, mostly, UK) A game for several players in which a phrase, whispered by each person in turn to their neighbour, is often unwittingly misunderstood as it is transferred, to humorous effect by the time it reaches the last person and is compared with the original phrase.


lexentry: eng/Chiron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chiron
trans_list: Chiron
sense:
(astronomy, astrology) A centaur (minor planet) and comet-like/asteroid-like object, orbiting between Saturn and Uranus.


lexentry: eng/Chitral__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Chitral
trans_list: Chitral | Chitrâl
sense:
The capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Chitral River, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It also served as the capital of the princely state of Chitral until 1969.


lexentry: eng/Chittagonian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chittagonian
trans_list: chittagonien
sense:
A language spoken in the Chittagong District and Cox's Bazar District of south-eastern Bangladesh as well as neighbouring areas in India and Myanmar, often treated as a dialect of Bengali.


lexentry: eng/Chloris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chloris
trans_list: Chloris
sense:
(Greek god) A nymph and the goddess of flowers and spring. She is a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, the wife of Zephyrus, and mother of Karpos. Her Roman counterpart is Flora.


lexentry: eng/Christian_Era__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christian Era
trans_list: ère chrétienne
sense:
The current date era beginning approximately 2000 years ago in the Gregorian calendar, based on the (assumed) birth of Jesus Christ.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas Day
trans_list: jour de Noël
sense:
The day on which Christmas is celebrated. It is December 25 in the West, and January 7 in some Eastern Orthodox churches.


lexentry: eng/Christmas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas
trans_list: Noël
sense:
(originally, Christianity) A festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas Day) in most places.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas box
trans_list: gratification de Noël
sense:
(historical) A bonus or gift given by an employer to an employee, by a master/mistress to his/her servants, or by a householder to delivery persons at Christmas time, traditionally on Boxing Day.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_season__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Christmas season
trans_list: temps de Noël
sense:
Christmastide, Yuletide; the Twelve Days of Christmas, starting on Christmas Day and ending on Epiphany, January 6.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_season__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Christmas season
trans_list: saison des étrennes
sense:
(US, informal, retail, and, marketing) The winter season starting around Thanksgiving (typically Black Friday) and ending at or about New Year's Eve.


lexentry: eng/Christmas_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christmas tree
trans_list: arbre de Noël | sapin de Noël
sense:
A conifer used during the Christmas holiday season, typically decorated with lights and ornaments and often a star or angel at its tip.


lexentry: eng/Christology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Christology
trans_list: christologie
sense:
(uncountable) A field of study within Christian theology which is concerned with the nature of Jesus Christ, particularly with how the divine and human are related in his person.


lexentry: eng/Chronicles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chronicles
trans_list: Chroniques
sense:
(biblical) A book of the Jewish Tanakh, divided into two Books of Chronicles in the Christian Bible.


lexentry: eng/Chrysaor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chrysaor
trans_list: Chrysaor
sense:
(Greek mythology) A son of Poseidon and Medusa and brother of the winged horse Pegasus, often depicted as a young man, who sprang along with Pegasus from the blood of the decapitated Medusa.


lexentry: eng/Chrysostom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chrysostom
trans_list: chrysostome
sense:
The epithet of John Chrysostom, Dio Chrysostom and several other people, given to them for their eloquence.


lexentry: eng/Chudskoye__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chudskoye
trans_list: lac Peïpous
sense:
A large freshwater lake on the border between Russia and Estonia, part of the larger Pskovsko-Chudskoye (Russian)/Peipus (Estonian) lake system.


lexentry: eng/Chukchi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chukchi
trans_list: tchouktche
sense:
(uncountable) A Paleosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.


lexentry: eng/Church_Father__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church Father
trans_list: père de l'Église
sense:
(Christianity) One of a number of male Christian writers from Antiquity whose doctrinal work is considered authoritative by the later church.


lexentry: eng/Church_of_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church of England
trans_list: Église d'Angleterre
sense:
The English branch of the Christian Church; (since the 16th century) specifically the established Protestant church in England which is the mother church of the Anglican Communion.


lexentry: eng/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
trans_list: Église de Jésus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours
sense:
The major denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded in the United States by Joseph Smith; the Mormon Church.


lexentry: eng/Churchillian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Churchillian
trans_list: churchillien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Winston Churchill (1874–1965), English statesman and author, or to his policies, speeches, or writings.


lexentry: eng/Churrigueresque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Churrigueresque
trans_list: churrigueresque
sense:
(architecture) Relating to a Spanish baroque architectural style that started in the late 17th century to the early 18th century; characterized by flamboyant ornamentation


lexentry: eng/Chuvash__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Chuvash
trans_list: tchouvache
sense:
An agglutinative language of the Bolgar branch of the Turkic language family and is spoken west of the Ural mountains in central Russia. Chuvash is the native language of the Chuvash people and an official language of Chuvashia. It is spoken by about two million people.


lexentry: eng/Châtelaillon-Plage__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Châtelaillon-Plage
trans_list: Châtelaillon | Châtelaillon-Plage
sense:
A commune and town in the Charente-Maritime department, Poitou-Charentes, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.


lexentry: eng/Cilicia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cilicia
trans_list: Cilicie
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, famed for cilice — haircloth made from the hair of Cilician goats


lexentry: eng/Cinderella__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cinderella
trans_list: Cendrillon
sense:
A popular fairy tale embodying a classic folk tale myth-element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward.


lexentry: eng/Cinderella__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cinderella
trans_list: Cendrillon
sense:
The main character in this story, a mistreated and impoverished girl. At a royal ball she meets a handsome prince who later identifies her by means of a dropped article, most commonly a slipper, and removes her from her poverty.


lexentry: eng/Cinerama__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cinerama
trans_list: cinérama
sense:
A wide-screen movie filming and projection system, briefly in vogue during the 1950s, involving three synchronised standard-format films projected onto a wide, curved screen, providing a "wraparound" experience for cinemagoers.


lexentry: eng/Circassian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Circassian
trans_list: Circassien | Circassienne | Tcherkesse
sense:
A native or inhabitant of Circassia (historical) (nowadays shared by Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia), including the Adyghes and Ubykhs.


lexentry: eng/Circinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Circinus
trans_list: Compas
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a compass. It lies between the constellations of Centaurus and Triangulum Australe.


lexentry: eng/Cistercian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cistercian
trans_list: cistercien
sense:
A member of a monastic order which follows the Benedictine rule and emphasizes silent contemplative prayer.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Arabic
trans_list: arabe classique
sense:
The form of the Arabic language used in literary texts around the 8th to 10th centuries, standardized from ancient dialects of Arab tribes and the Qur'an.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Chinese
trans_list: chinois classique
sense:
The written Chinese language used from the Zhou Dynasty (1045 B.C.E.) (especially the Spring and Autumn Period), through to the end of the Han Dynasty (220 C.E.). In Chinese, or, formally, . The language of many classics of Chinese literature.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Greek
trans_list: grec classique
sense:
The form of the Ancient Greek language used during the classical period of Greek literature: approximately 600 to 300 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Latin
trans_list: latin classique
sense:
The Latin language as spoken and written in formal speeches, literature, the arts, etc., by the ancient Romans.


lexentry: eng/Classical_Nahuatl__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Classical Nahuatl
trans_list: nahuatl classique
sense:
The variants of the Nahuatl language spoken in central Mexico at the time of the Spanish colonization.


lexentry: eng/Clean_Monday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clean Monday
trans_list: Lundi pur
sense:
(Christianity) The seventh Monday before Easter, (Eastern Christianity) traditionally regarded as the beginning of Lent


lexentry: eng/Cleopatra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cleopatra
trans_list: Cléopâtre
sense:
A given name of women in the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt; notably Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt (69–30 BCE); last of the Ptolemy line.


lexentry: eng/Clerve__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clerve
trans_list: Clerve
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows for 48 km (30 mi) through Luxembourg; it empties into the Wiltz near Kautenbach.


lexentry: eng/Cleveland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cleveland
trans_list: Cleveland
sense:
A former county in northeast England bordering North Yorkshire and County Durham, created in 1974 from parts of those two counties (mainly the County Borough of Teesside) and abolished in 1996.


lexentry: eng/Clifford_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clifford algebra
trans_list: algèbre de Clifford
sense:
(algebra, mathematical physics) A unital associative algebra which generalizes the algebra of quaternions but which is not necessarily a division algebra; it is generated by a set of \gamma_i (with i ranging from, say, 1 to n) such that the square of each \gamma_i is fixed to be either +1 or −1, depending on each i, and such that any product \gamma_i \gamma_j anticommutes when its factors are distinct (i.e., when i \ne j).


lexentry: eng/Clio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clio
trans_list: Clio
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of history and heroic poetry, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne.


lexentry: eng/Clytemnestra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Clytemnestra
trans_list: Clytemnestre
sense:
(Greek mythology) wife of Agamemnon, whom she killed after the Trojan War, whereupon was killed herself by their son Orestes


lexentry: eng/Cobb_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cobb salad
trans_list: salade Cobb
sense:
(US) A salad consisting of iceberg lettuce, watercress, endive and Romaine lettuce with tomato, bacon, chicken, hard-boiled egg, avocado, chives, Roquefort cheese and a red wine vinaigrette.


lexentry: eng/Cold_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cold War
trans_list: Guerre froide | guerre froide
sense:
(historical) The period of hostility short of open war between the Soviet Bloc and the Western powers, especially the United States, between 1945 and 1991.


lexentry: eng/Colorado_beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colorado beetle
trans_list: doryphore
sense:
A beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, formerly Doryphora decemlineata, with black and yellow stripes, that is a serious pest of potatoes.


lexentry: eng/Colossians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colossians
trans_list: Colossiens
sense:
(biblical) The twelfth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Colossae which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Colossus_of_Rhodes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Colossus of Rhodes
trans_list: Colosse de Rhodes
sense:
A statue of Greek god Helios in ancient Rhodes, Greece. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.


lexentry: eng/Columbia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Columbia
trans_list: Colombie
sense:
District of Columbia The federal capital region of the United States of America, including Washington, D.C.


lexentry: eng/Columbian__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Columbian
trans_list: gros-texte
sense:
(uncountable, US, _, printing, dated) A size of type between English and great primer, standardized as 16-point.


lexentry: eng/Coma_Berenices__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coma Berenices
trans_list: Chevelure de Bérénice
sense:
(constellation) A small dim summer constellation of the northern sky, said to represent an offering of hair from Queen Berenice II of Egypt. Originally considered to represent the tuft of hair on the end of Leo's tail.


lexentry: eng/Comecon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Comecon
trans_list: CAEM
sense:
(historical) , a multinational economic organization that existed in the Eastern Bloc from 1949 to 1991.


lexentry: eng/Comintern__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Comintern
trans_list: Comintern | Komintern
sense:
(historical) An international association of Communist parties, established in 1919 by Vladimir Lenin and dissolved in 1943.


lexentry: eng/Common_Era__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Common Era
trans_list: ère commune | de notre ère | ère vulgaire
sense:
(chronology) The secular equivalent of anno Domini and the Christian Era, the internationally recognized method of numbering years on the Gregorian calendar.


lexentry: eng/Commonwealth_Games__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Commonwealth Games
trans_list: Jeux du Commonwealth
sense:
A sporting event, somewhat like the Olympic Games, held every four years and involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations.


lexentry: eng/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Commonwealth of Independent States
trans_list: Communauté des États indépendants | CEI
sense:
An alliance and confederation of nine former Soviet republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed as a successor to the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Commonwealth_of_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Commonwealth of Nations
trans_list: Commonwealth
sense:
An association of independent, sovereign states most of which formerly constituted the British Empire.


lexentry: eng/Confederate_States_of_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Confederate States of America
trans_list: États confédérés d'Amérique
sense:
(historical) An unrecognized nation existing from 1861–1865, consisting of the eleven Southern states who sought independence from the United States of America over the issue of slavery.


lexentry: eng/Confucianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Confucianism
trans_list: confucianisme
sense:
The philosophy and teaching of Confucius, which emphasizes self-cultivation, collective harmony, righteousness and the family structure.


lexentry: eng/Congo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Congo
trans_list: Congo | Zaïre
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo.


lexentry: eng/Congolese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A person from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire).
written_rep: Congolese
trans_list:
Congolais | Congolaise | Brazza-Congolais | Congolais de Brazzaville | Congolais de Kinshasa | Congolaise de Brazzaville


lexentry: eng/Congress_Poland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Congress Poland
trans_list: Royaume du Congrès
sense:
(historical) The Kingdom of Poland created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.


lexentry: eng/Conservative_Judaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Conservative Judaism
trans_list: judaïsme conservateur
sense:
A moderate stream of Liberal Judaism centered in North America that theoretically maintains Jewish tradition and law, but provides for a more flexible interpretation of it than Orthodox Judaism, in keeping with an evolving world and society.


lexentry: eng/Contra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Contra
trans_list: contre
sense:
A member of any of various rightist guerrilla groups violently opposing the socialist Sandinista government of Nicaragua and secretly funded by the United States government in the 1980s.


lexentry: eng/Conté__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Conté
trans_list: crayon mine
sense:
(art) A drawing medium, usually square in cross-section, composed of compressed powdered charcoal or graphite mixed with a clay or wax base. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Cooper_pair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cooper pair
trans_list: paire de Cooper
sense:
(physics) A pair of electrons (or other fermions), of opposite spin, whose theorised behaviour is the basis of the BCS theory of superconductivity.


lexentry: eng/Copernican_Revolution__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Copernican Revolution
trans_list: révolution copernicienne
sense:
The paradigm shift, from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens based around the Earth to a heliocentric model, proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus and later supported by Galileo and others.


lexentry: eng/Coptic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coptic
trans_list: copte | coptique
sense:
The Afroasiatic language traditionally spoken by the Copts in Egypt, now extinct and used only as a liturgical language.


lexentry: eng/Corbynite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corbynite
trans_list: corbyniste
sense:
(UK politics) A supporter of Jeremy Corbyn (born 1949), British socialist politician elected leader of the Labour Party in 2015.


lexentry: eng/Corduene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corduene
trans_list: Corduène
sense:
(antiquity, historical) An ancient historical region, located south of Lake Van, in present-day eastern Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Corfu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corfu
trans_list: Corfou
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, one of the Ionian Islands. The ancient name is Corcyra (Κόρκυρα), in Modern Greek Kérkira (Κέρκυρα).


lexentry: eng/Corinthian_bronze__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corinthian bronze
trans_list: bronze corinthien
sense:
A hard valuable metal alloy in classical antiquity, of uncertain composition, thought to have been an alloy of copper with gold and/or silver involving heat treatment and quenching, but perhaps only a very high grade of bronze.


lexentry: eng/Corinthians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corinthians
trans_list: Corinthiens
sense:
(biblical) Either of the two books in the New Testament of the Bible that are written as epistles to the people of Corinth and which are attributed to Paul the Apostle, Sosthenes and Timothy.


lexentry: eng/Coriolis_force__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coriolis force
trans_list: force de Coriolis
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A fictitious force apparently exerted on any moving body (including a parcel of air) due to the rotation of the earth, observed as a deflection of the body to the right of its direction of travel (i.e., clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere, or to the left (anticlockwise) in the Southern Hemisphere; any equivalent apparent force that deflects objects in a rotating reference frame.


lexentry: eng/Cornwall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Cornwall
trans_list: Cornouailles
sense:
The country of the Cornish, currently having the status of a royal duchy in England belonging to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch, and consisting at least of the Cornwall County and the Isles of Scilly.


lexentry: eng/Corpus_Christi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corpus Christi
trans_list: Fête-Dieu
sense:
(Christianity) A feast day in honor of the Eucharist, observed by Roman Catholics and high-church Anglicans on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Corvus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Corvus
trans_list: Corbeau
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky south of the constellation Virgo, said to resemble a crow.


lexentry: eng/Cossack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cossack
trans_list: Cosaque | cosaque
sense:
A member or descendant of an originally (semi-)nomadic population of Eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia, formed in part of runaways from neighbouring countries, that eventually settled in parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian tsarist Empire and constituted a military caste, particularly in areas now comprising southern Russia and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Coulomb's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Coulomb's law
trans_list: loi de Coulomb
sense:
(electricity) the fundamental law of electrostatics - the force between two point charges is proportional to the product of their charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them


lexentry: eng/Council_of_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Council of Europe
trans_list: Conseil de l'Europe
sense:
An international organisation focused on protecting human rights, democracy, rule of law in Europe, with headquarters in Strasbourg, France.


lexentry: eng/County_of_Nice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: County of Nice
trans_list: comté de Nice
sense:
(historical) A county and state of Savoy (1388–1847), now located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.


lexentry: eng/County_of_Sicily__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: County of Sicily
trans_list: Comté de Sicile
sense:
(historical) A Norman state, comprising Sicily, Malta and part of Calabria, founded in 1071 and succeeded in 1130 by the Kingdom of Sicily.


lexentry: eng/Cramer's_rule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cramer's rule
trans_list: règle de Cramer
sense:
(linear algebra) An explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns, valid whenever the system has a unique solution.


lexentry: eng/Crater__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crater
trans_list: Coupe
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a cup. It lies between the constellations Virgo and Hydra.


lexentry: eng/Cretaceous__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cretaceous
trans_list: Crétacé | crétacé
sense:
(geology) The geologic period within the Mesozoic era that comprises lower and upper epochs from about 146 to 66 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
trans_list: maladie de Creutzfeld-Jakob
sense:
(disease, neurology) A rare, progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system, characterized by dementia and loss of muscle control. It is a prion disease, apparently transmissible from animals to humans by eating infected tissue, as well as from tissue interchanges among humans (e.g. corneal transplants, blood transfusions).


lexentry: eng/Crimea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimea
trans_list: Crimée
sense:
Synonym of Crimean Peninsula: TemplateParserError:LuaError. A peninsula which juts southwards out of the Ukrainian mainland (to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop) into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Sea of Azov from the Black Sea.


lexentry: eng/Crimean_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimean War
trans_list: guerre de Crimée
sense:
(historical) A conflict held mostly in the Crimean Peninsula between October 1853 and February 1856, in which Russian troops were defeated to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.


lexentry: eng/Crimean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crimean
trans_list: criméen
sense:
Denoting, of, or related to Crimea, a peninsula on the north of the Black Sea, separating it from the Sea of Azov.


lexentry: eng/Crispin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Crispin
trans_list: Crépin
sense:
A Roman shoemaker, martyr and saint, and brother of Crispinian; patron saint of cobblers and tanners.


lexentry: eng/Cro-Magnon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cro-Magnon
trans_list: Cro-Magnon | homme de Cro-Magnon
sense:
(archaeology) The earliest known form of modern human (Homo sapiens) in Europe, dating from the late Paleolithic.


lexentry: eng/Crohn's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crohn's disease
trans_list: maladie de Crohn
sense:
(disease) Crohn’s regional enteritis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can involve any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus.


lexentry: eng/Cronus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cronus
trans_list: Cronos
sense:
(Greek mythology) The youngest of the twelve Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia; father to the first generation of Olympian gods and goddesses.


lexentry: eng/Crown_land__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crown land
trans_list: empire
sense:
(UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) In Britain and some Commonwealth countries, land that is owned by the state, nominally titled to the reigning King or Queen of England, and whose use and disposition is controlled by a government within that Commonwealth country or by an official representative of the monarch.


lexentry: eng/Crown_prosecutor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crown prosecutor
trans_list: procureur de la république | procureur du roi | procureure de la Couronne
sense:
(British, Canadian, Australian) The state prosecutor; the legal party responsible for presenting the case against an individual in a criminal trial.


lexentry: eng/Crusade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crusade
trans_list: croisade
sense:
Any of a series of religious campaigns by Christian forces from the 11th to the 13th century, mostly to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims who occupied it.


lexentry: eng/Crux__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Crux
trans_list: Croix du Sud
sense:
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross. It appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.


lexentry: eng/Cthulhu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cthulhu
trans_list: Cthulhu
sense:
A gigantic fictional humanoid alien god being described with a head resembling an octopus and dragon wings and claws, around whom an insane cult developed.


lexentry: eng/Cuban_red_macaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cuban red macaw
trans_list: ara tricolore
sense:
A small parrot (†Ara tricolor), formerly found in Cuba, and extinct since the late nineteenth century.


lexentry: eng/Cumbric__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cumbric
trans_list: cambrien
sense:
A Brythonic-Celtic language (code xcb) closely related to Welsh that was spoken in Northern England and Southern Scotland but went extinct in perhaps the 13th century.


lexentry: eng/Cupid__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cupid
trans_list: Cupidon
sense:
(Roman god) The god of love, son of Venus; sometimes depicted as a cherub (a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow). The Roman counterpart of Eros.


lexentry: eng/Curetonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Curetonian
trans_list: curetonien
sense:
of or relating to William Cureton, and specifically the Egyptian manuscripts recognised as Syriac Gospels, edited and published, by the assistant keeper of manuscripts at the British Museum, William Cureton in 1858.


lexentry: eng/Cyclades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyclades
trans_list: Cyclades
sense:
An Aegean island chain in southeast-central Greece, surrounding the main island Delos, further including the islands of Andros, Naxos, Paros, Santorini, Syra, Tinos and Zea.


lexentry: eng/Cygnus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cygnus
trans_list: Cygne
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a swan. It includes the triple star system HD 188753 and the stars Deneb and Albireo.


lexentry: eng/Cynic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cynic
trans_list: cynique
sense:
A member of a sect of Ancient Greek philosophers who believed virtue to be the only good and self-control to be the only means of achieving virtue.


lexentry: eng/Cyrene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyrene
trans_list: Cyrène
sense:
(historical) an Ancient Greek colony in North Africa near the coast of Mediterranean Sea in the Cyrenaica region of present-day Libya.


lexentry: eng/Cyrillic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Cyrillic
trans_list: cyrillique
sense:
Denoting an alphabet devised for writing the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language, and its adaptations used for several languages of Eastern Europe and Asia; of or relating to this writing system.


lexentry: eng/Czech_hedgehog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Czech hedgehog
trans_list: hérisson tchèque
sense:
(military) A static antitank and anti-landing craft obstacle, widely used during World War II, constructed from three mutually-perpendicular steel rails connected in the form of a tripod.


lexentry: eng/D-flat_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: D-flat major
trans_list: ré bémol majeur
sense:
(music) a major key with the notes D♭, E♭, F, G♭, A♭, B♭, C, the key signature of which has five flats


lexentry: eng/DMZ_host__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: DMZ host
trans_list: hôte de zone démilitarisée
sense:
(Internet) A single node in a DMZ, typically protected by a firewall, sometimes hidden by NAT. Usually, DMZ hosts accept incoming external connections, but they cannot initiate connections with internal hosts.


lexentry: eng/DNA__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: DNA
trans_list: ADN
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).


lexentry: eng/DVD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: DVD
trans_list: DVD
sense:
(initialism) digital video disc or digital versatile disc; an optical disc on which video is recorded in digital format, such as commercially-released movies and other video media.


lexentry: eng/D_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: D major
trans_list: ré majeur
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯, the key signature of which has two sharps.


lexentry: eng/Dacia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dacia
trans_list: Dacie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The Dacian kingdom was conquered by the Romans and later named Romania after them.


lexentry: eng/Daco-Romanian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daco-Romanian
trans_list: daco-roumain
sense:
The standard Romanian language, distinguished from the Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian), Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian languages.


lexentry: eng/Dada__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dada
trans_list: dadaïsme
sense:
A cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland during and as a reaction to World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920, which primarily involved visual arts, literature (mainly poetry), theatre, and graphic design, and was characterized by deliberate irrationality, disillusionment, cynicism, nihilism, randomness, and rejection of the prevailing standards in art.


lexentry: eng/Daffy_Duck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daffy Duck
trans_list: Daffy Duck
sense:
A fictional anthropomorphic black duck in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated cartoons by Warner Bros.


lexentry: eng/Dakota__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Dakota
trans_list: dakota
sense:
(historical) The Dakota Territory; an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North Dakota and South Dakota.


lexentry: eng/Dalai_Lama__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dalai Lama
trans_list: dalaï-lama
sense:
(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.


lexentry: eng/Daltonism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daltonism
trans_list: daltonisme
sense:
(medicine, pathology) Inability or defective ability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, especially red-green color blindness.


lexentry: eng/Damascus_steel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Damascus steel
trans_list: acier damasquiné
sense:
A kind of steel used in swordmaking from about 300 BC to 1700 AD, characterized by distinctive patterns of banding and mottling reminiscent of flowing water.


lexentry: eng/Danelaw__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Danelaw
trans_list: Danelaw
sense:
(history) The part of Great Britain in which the laws of the Scandinavians dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons.


lexentry: eng/Danish_pastry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Danish pastry
trans_list: danoise | viennoiserie danoise
sense:
A sweet and flaky yeast-raised roll made from a dough using butter or margarine and filled with remonce (butter and sugar) or custard.


lexentry: eng/Dano-Norwegian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dano-Norwegian
trans_list: dano-norvégien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Denmark and/or Norway, especially referring to the former political entity Denmark-Norway.


lexentry: eng/Dano-Norwegian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dano-Norwegian
trans_list: dano-norvégien
sense:
A koiné language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of Denmark-Norway (1536–1814).


lexentry: eng/Dantesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dantesque
trans_list: dantesque
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of Dante; characterized by a formal, elevated tone and somber focus.


lexentry: eng/Danzig__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Danzig
trans_list: Dantzick | Dantzig
sense:
Gdańsk (especially in reference to the times when it was part of a German-speaking state such as Prussia or Germany).


lexentry: eng/Dari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dari
trans_list: dari
sense:
The dialect of the Persian language as spoken natively by approximately one-half of the population in Afghanistan and which serves as the interethnic lingua franca for the vast majority of the population; also referred to as Eastern Persian, Afghan Persian, or simply Persian.


lexentry: eng/Dari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Dari
trans_list: dari
sense:
(historical) A variety of Middle Persian, the court language of the late Sassanid period and of classical Persian poetry.


lexentry: eng/Darija__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Darija
trans_list: darija
sense:
Maghrebi Arabic, an Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb region, in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania. (Western Arabic)


lexentry: eng/Darwinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Darwinian
trans_list: darwinien
sense:
Of or pertaining to the scientific views advanced by the English biologist, geologist, and naturalist Charles Darwin, especially his theory that living organisms evolve through the natural selection of inherited variations that increase organisms' ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.


lexentry: eng/Darwinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Darwinism
trans_list: darwinisme
sense:
The principles of natural selection set out in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), more strictly defined by August Weismann and developed by other authors into a central part of the modern evolutionary synthesis.


lexentry: eng/Daurian_jackdaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Daurian jackdaw
trans_list: choucas de Daourie
sense:
An Asian bird of the crow family (Coloeus dauuricus) closely related to the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula).


lexentry: eng/David__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: David
trans_list: David
sense:
(biblical character) The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon.


lexentry: eng/Davos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Davos
trans_list: Davos | forum de Davos
sense:
(metonymy) An annual meeting of business leaders, major politicians, economists, and other celebrities hosted by the World Economic Forum in the town of Davos, Switzerland at the end of January.


lexentry: eng/Davy_Jones's_locker__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Davy Jones's locker
trans_list: le grand bouillon
sense:
(nautical, idiomatic) The bottom of the ocean, seen as a grave for sailors and the resting-place of anything that goes overboard and is lost.


lexentry: eng/Dead_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dead Sea
trans_list: mer Morte
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth.


lexentry: eng/Death_Valley__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Death Valley
trans_list: Vallée de la mort
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, remarkable for being the lowest-elevated place in North America, and the hottest place on Earth during summer.


lexentry: eng/Death__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Death
trans_list: Mort | camarde
sense:
The personification of death, often a skeleton with a scythe, and one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse.


lexentry: eng/Decameron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Decameron
trans_list: Décaméron
sense:
A collection of 100 short stories by Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio, probably begun in 1350 and finished in 1353.


lexentry: eng/December__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: December
trans_list: décembre
sense:
The twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar, following November and preceding the January of the following year, containing the southern solstice.


lexentry: eng/Dedekind_cut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dedekind cut
trans_list: coupure de Dedekind
sense:
(mathematics) Any partition of the set of rational numbers into non-empty sets A and B such that all elements of A are less than all elements of B and A contains no greatest element; intended as a construction of a real number.


lexentry: eng/Dedekind_domain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dedekind domain
trans_list: anneau de Dedekind
sense:
(algebra, ring theory) An integral domain in which every proper ideal factors into a product of prime ideals which is unique (up to permutations).


lexentry: eng/Defoe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Defoe
trans_list: Defoe
sense:
Daniel Defoe (c. 1659 to 1661 – 1731), English trader, writer, journalist and pamphleteer best known for writing Robinson Crusoe


lexentry: eng/Deism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Deism
trans_list: déisme
sense:
A religious philosophy and movement prominent in 17th-18th-century England, France, and what is now the United States which rejected supernatural events such as prophecy and miracles, divine revelation, and holy books or revealed religions that assert such things exist.


lexentry: eng/Delete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Delete
trans_list: touche de suppression
sense:
(computing) A key that may be pressed to delete something (such as text or files) from a computer. The key also erases text from left to right, unlike the backspace key.


lexentry: eng/Delphinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Delphinus
trans_list: Dauphin
sense:
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dolphin. It lies between the constellations Cygnus and Aquila.


lexentry: eng/Demeter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demeter
trans_list: Déméter
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of the fertility of the Earth and harvests, protector of marriage and social order; daughter of Cronos and Rhea, mother to Persephone.


lexentry: eng/Demiurge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Demiurge
trans_list: démiurge
sense:
(gnosticism) A prideful, inferior being that creates the material world; frequently identified with the creator God of the Hebrew Bible.


lexentry: eng/Democrat__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Democrat
trans_list: démocrate
sense:
(US, _, politics, proscribed, pejorative, offensive) Of or belonging to the Democratic Party in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Democritus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Democritus
trans_list: Démocrite
sense:
A Greek philosopher (c.460-c.370 BC). The originator of the atomic theory together with his teacher Leucippus.


lexentry: eng/Demosthenes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demosthenes
trans_list: Démosthène
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, famously borne by Demosthenes, the Athenian statesman and orator of 4th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Demotic_Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Demotic Greek
trans_list: démotique | dimotiki | grec démotique
sense:
The Modern Greek vernacular language. It became the official Modern Greek in 1976 when Katharevousa was replaced, and was written in polytonic script until 1982, and in monotonic script after 1982.


lexentry: eng/Denali__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Denali
trans_list: Denali | Mont McKinley
sense:
The highest mountain peak in North America (the third most prominent peak after Mount Everest and Aconcagua), located in central Alaska.


lexentry: eng/Deneb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Deneb
trans_list: Deneb
sense:
(star) A blue giant star in the constellation Cygnus; Alpha (α) Cygni. It forms one corner of the Summer Triangle. Deneb is one of the brightest stars in the night sky, and one of the most luminous stars known.


lexentry: eng/Denmark-Norway__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Denmark-Norway
trans_list: Danemark-Norvège
sense:
(historical) A former political entity consisting of the united kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including overseas Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.


lexentry: eng/Denmark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Denmark
trans_list: Danemark
sense:
The main part of the Kingdom of Denmark, excluding the Faroe Islands and Greenland; the metropole of the Kingdom of Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Desdemona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Desdemona
trans_list: Desdémone
sense:
Othello's wife in Shakespeare's play The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, noted for being a victim of jealousy.


lexentry: eng/Deutsche_Mark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Deutsche Mark
trans_list: deutschemark | Deutsche Mark | mark allemand
sense:
(historical, numismatics) The former currency unit of Germany (now replaced by the euro), abbreviated as DM or DEM.


lexentry: eng/Devanagari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Devanagari
trans_list: dévanagari | devanagari
sense:
An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.


lexentry: eng/Devonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Devonian
trans_list: dévonien
sense:
(geology) of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and upper epochs from about 415 to 360 million years ago


lexentry: eng/Diana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Diana
trans_list: Diane
sense:
(Roman god) The daughter of Latona and Jupiter, and twin sister of Apollo; the goddess of the hunt, associated wild animals and the forest or wilderness, and an emblem of chastity; the Roman counterpart of Artemis.


lexentry: eng/Dickensian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Dickensian
trans_list: dickensien
sense:
Reminiscent of the environments and situations most commonly portrayed in Dickens' writings, such as poverty, social injustice, and other aspects of Victorian England.


lexentry: eng/Diocletian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Diocletian
trans_list: Dioclétien
sense:
Roman cognomen, particularly borne by the Roman emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (245-313).


lexentry: eng/Dionysus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dionysus
trans_list: Dionysos
sense:
(Greek god) The god of wine, ivy and grapes, specifically its intoxication and social influence, but also the patron of agriculture and the theater. Also related to the mystery of religion, as in "spiritual intoxication".


lexentry: eng/Discordianism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Discordianism
trans_list: discordianisme
sense:
A minor modern religion with absurdist elements, often seen as a parody, based on the worship of Eris, the Greek goddess of discord and confusion.


lexentry: eng/Disneyland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Disneyland
trans_list: Disneyland
sense:
The archetypical theme park, located in Anaheim, California. Other Disneyland theme parks exist in other cities such as Chessy (Seine-et-Marne, France), Tokyo, Shanghai, and Hong Kong.


lexentry: eng/District_of_Columbia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: District of Columbia
trans_list: District de Columbia | district de Columbia
sense:
The federal capital region of the United States of America. The City of Washington used to be a municipality within the District of Columbia until 1871, when two entities were merged. For this reason, the district is also generally known as Washington, D.C.


lexentry: eng/Dobruja__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dobruja
trans_list: Dobroudja | Dobrogée
sense:
A historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea.


lexentry: eng/Doctor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Doctor
trans_list: docteur
sense:
The title of an academic or medical doctor (a person who holds a doctorate); used before or instead of the doctor's name.


lexentry: eng/Domain_Name_System__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Domain Name System
sense:
(computing, Internet) The distributed database, sometimes including all the supporting hardware or software infrastructure, the Internet uses to translate hostnames into IP addresses and provide other domain-related information.

trans_list:
adressage par domaines | annuaire des domaines | système d'adressage par domaines | système de noms de domaine


lexentry: eng/Don_Quixote__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Don Quixote
trans_list: Don Quichotte
sense:
A famous 1605–1615 Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), whose full title is El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha (The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha).


lexentry: eng/Donald_Duck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donald Duck
trans_list: Donald Duck | Donald
sense:
One of the Disney cartoon characters, an anthropomorphic white-feathered duck who usually wears a sailor suit and is known for his voice especially in tantrums.


lexentry: eng/Donatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donatism
trans_list: donatisme
sense:
(Christianity) An early Christian belief which maintained that apostate priests were incapable of administering the sacraments, as opposed to the orthodox view that any sacrament administered by a properly ordained priest or bishop is valid, regardless of how sinful he is or if he has converted to another religion.


lexentry: eng/Donetsk_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Donetsk People's Republic
trans_list: République populaire de Donetsk
sense:
A partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, on the 7th of April, 2014; it claims to be the successor state of the 1918 Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and is one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya.


lexentry: eng/Doppler_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Doppler effect
trans_list: effet Doppler
sense:
The apparent change in frequency or wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves.


lexentry: eng/Dorado__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dorado
trans_list: Dorade
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a goldfish or swordfish. It lies between the constellations Pictor and Reticulum, and is notable for containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud.


lexentry: eng/Dornfelder__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dornfelder
trans_list: Dornfelder
sense:
(uncountable) A dark-skinned grape variety used for red wine, developed as a hybrid (Helfensteiner × Heroldrebe) by August Herold in 1955 at the Staatliche Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt für Wein- und Obstbau Weinsberg (State Education and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Weinsberg) in Württemberg, Germany.


lexentry: eng/Dorset__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Dorset
trans_list: Dorset
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError which includes all of the traditional county except Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, a separate unitary authority.


lexentry: eng/Dostoyevskian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dostoyevskian
trans_list: dostoïevskien
sense:
Of or relating to Fyodor Dostoyevsky (Russian: Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский; 1821–1881), Russian novelist and philosopher.


lexentry: eng/Douglas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Douglas
trans_list: Douglas
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the origin of Clan Douglas and the Lords of Douglas (OS grid ref NS8330).


lexentry: eng/Douglas_fir__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Douglas fir
trans_list: pin de l'Oregon
sense:
An evergreen conifer of genus Pseudotsuga; there are four to six species native to western North America and eastern Asia.


lexentry: eng/Down_syndrome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Down syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Down | trisomie 21
sense:
(neurology, chiefly, US, Australia, New Zealand) A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (a chromosomal excess), whereby the patients typically have a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, as well as a small head and tilted eyelids. [from 1961.]


lexentry: eng/Draco__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Draco
trans_list: Dragon
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dragon. It features a line of stars (including Thuban) that winds between Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.


lexentry: eng/Drake_equation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Drake equation
trans_list: équation de Drake
sense:
(exobiology) A formula for calculating the probability of civilizations existing elsewhere in the Milky Way galaxy and of their ability to communicate with Earth.


lexentry: eng/Dravidian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dravidian
trans_list: dravidien
sense:
A family of related ethnicities and languages primarily in Southern India, Northeast Sri Lanka, and parts of Pakistan and Bangladesh.


lexentry: eng/Dreamtime__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dreamtime
trans_list: Espaces de rêves
sense:
(Australian Aboriginal mythology) The time of the creation of the world, by the ancestors out of their own essence.


lexentry: eng/Drunken_Fist__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Drunken Fist
trans_list: poing ivre
sense:
A style of martial arts which imitates the movements of a drunkard, both to make the power movements more fluid, and to deceive the opponent.


lexentry: eng/Duckburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Duckburg
trans_list: Donaldville | Canardville
sense:
A fictional city, located in the fictional US state of Calisota, that serves as the home of Donald Duck, his surrounding cast, and several other anthropomorphic animals.


lexentry: eng/Dupuytren's_contracture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dupuytren's contracture
trans_list: contracture de Dupuytren | maladie de Dupuytren
sense:
A fixed flexion contracture of the hand where the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be fully extended (straightened). It is an inherited proliferative connective tissue disorder which involves the palmar fascia of the hand.


lexentry: eng/Dutch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch
trans_list: Hollandais | Néerlandais
sense:
(collective) The people of the Netherlands, or one of certain ethnic groups descending from the people of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Dutch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch
trans_list: néerlandais | hollandais
sense:
The main language of the Netherlands, Flanders (i.e., the northern half of Belgium) and Suriname; Netherlandic.


lexentry: eng/Dutch_auction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Dutch auction
trans_list: adjudication à la hollandaise | enchère descendante | enchère hollandaise | enchère inversée
sense:
A reverse auction that starts at a high price that is gradually reduced by the auctioneer until someone is willing to buy.


lexentry: eng/Dutch_elm_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch elm disease
trans_list: graphiose de l'orme | maladie hollandaise de l'orme
sense:
(plant disease) A disease of elm trees caused by ascomycete fungi in the genus Ophiostoma and spread by bark beetles.


lexentry: eng/Dutch_reach__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dutch reach
trans_list: poignée hollandaise
sense:
A technique for opening a motor vehicle door to avoid striking (“dooring”) passing cyclists or other road users by reaching across the body for the door latch with the more distant hand.


lexentry: eng/Dutchman's_breeches__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Dutchman's breeches
trans_list: dicentre à capuchon
sense:
A plant of the species Lamprocapnos spectabilis, formerly Dicentra spectabilis, similar to D. cucullaria, but red or pink.


lexentry: eng/Dyophysite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dyophysite
trans_list: dyophysite
sense:
(theology) Someone who believes in the doctrine that there are ‘two natures’, human and divine, in Christ.


lexentry: eng/Dönmeh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Dönmeh
trans_list: Dönme
sense:
(historical) A group of crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire who, to avoid imprisonment after declaring arrival of the doomsday messiah, converted publicly to Islam, but retained their Jewish beliefs in secret.


lexentry: eng/EEA__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: EEA
trans_list: EEE
sense:
Initialism of European Economic Area (the area consisting of the European Union plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein).


lexentry: eng/EEC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: EEC
trans_list: CEE
sense:
(historical) Initialism of European Economic Community, forerunner of the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU).


lexentry: eng/E_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: E major
trans_list: mi majeur
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D♯, the key signature of which has four sharps.


lexentry: eng/Early_Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Early Middle Ages
trans_list: Haut Moyen Âge
sense:
(history) The period of the Middle Ages from about the fifth to the eleventh centuries that followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Early_Modern_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Early Modern English
trans_list: anglais moderne naissant
sense:
The form of the English language written and spoken from the end of the 15th century to the mid-17th century.


lexentry: eng/Early_New_High_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Early New High German
trans_list: haut allemand précoce
sense:
The form of the German language spoken from 1350 or 1500 to 1650 CE, successor to Middle High German.


lexentry: eng/Earth_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Earth Day
trans_list: Jour de la Terre
sense:
(North American countries) April 22; Created in 1970, global day of observance of the need to protect the earth.


lexentry: eng/Earth_mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Earth mass
trans_list: masse terrestre
sense:
(astronomy) A unit of mass equal to that of the Earth, used to express the mass of planets and similar astronomical bodies. 1 M🜨 = 6 × 1024 kg.


lexentry: eng/Earthling__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Earthling
trans_list: terrien | terrienne
sense:
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of Earth, as opposed to one of another planet; specifically, a sentient member of any species native to Earth. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/East_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Asia
trans_list: Asie de l'Est
sense:
The eastern part of Asia inclusive of China proper, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan and sometimes inclusive of Mongolia and Tibet and some or all of Southeast Asia and the Philippines.


lexentry: eng/East_China_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East China Sea
trans_list: mer de Chine orientale
sense:
A marginal sea east of China, south of the Korean Peninsula, west of the Ryukyu Islands, and north of Taiwan.


lexentry: eng/East_Flemish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Flemish
trans_list: flamand oriental
sense:
a (rather artificial, by anology with West Flemish) group of Flemish dialects of the Dutch language in the eastern part of the historic countship of Flanders (now in Belgium, and further south/west in France)


lexentry: eng/East_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Frisian
trans_list: frison oriental
sense:
The Frisian language spoken in East Frisia (northwest Germany), of which Saterland Frisian is the last remaining variety.


lexentry: eng/East_Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Germany
trans_list: Allemagne de l'Est
sense:
(historical, 1949–1990) A former Communist country of Central Europe between 1949 and 1990, officially called the German Democratic Republic (GDR), capital East Berlin.


lexentry: eng/East_Indies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Indies
trans_list: Indes orientales
sense:
Southeast Asia, especially Island Southeast Asia or Indonesia, but also including India, Indochina, Malaya and the Malay Archipelago, from the Philippines to Indonesia.


lexentry: eng/East_Malaysia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Malaysia
trans_list: Malaisie orientale
sense:
The eastern half of the country of Malaysia on the island of Borneo, consisting of Sarawak, Sabah and Labuan.


lexentry: eng/East_Midlands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Midlands
trans_list: Midlands de l'Est
sense:
A district in the geographical centre of England, being the counties of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Rutland and Northamptonshire.


lexentry: eng/East_Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Prussia
trans_list: Prusse-Orientale
sense:
(historical) A historical province of Prussia and Germany, since WWII divided between Poland and Russia. A small part of the territory is part of Lithuania.


lexentry: eng/East_Siberian_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: East Siberian Sea
trans_list: mer de Sibérie orientale
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. This sea is bordering on the Laptev Sea in the West and the Chukchi Sea in the East.


lexentry: eng/East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: East
trans_list: levant | orient
sense:
The Eastern world; the regions, primarily situated in the Eastern Hemisphere, whose culture is derived from Arabia, India, Persia or China.


lexentry: eng/Easter_Sunday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter Sunday
trans_list: dimanche de Pâques
sense:
(Christianity) Easter Day, a Christian religious moveable holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.


lexentry: eng/Easter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter
trans_list: Pâques
sense:
A Christian feast commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, celebrated on the first Sunday (and Monday) following the full moon that occurs on or next after the vernal equinox, ranging in most of Western Christianity (such as Protestantism and Roman Catholicism) from March 22 to April 25, and in Eastern Christianity (such as the Coptic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church) from April 4 to May 8.


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter egg
trans_list: œuf de Pâques
sense:
A dyed or decorated egg, traditionally associated with Easter and, in the Western European tradition, sometimes hidden for children to find.


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Easter egg
trans_list: œuf de Pâques
sense:
(computing, video games) An undocumented function hidden in a program or video game, typically triggered by a particular input sequence or combination of keystrokes. [from 1980s]


lexentry: eng/Easter_egg_hunt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Easter egg hunt
trans_list: chasse aux œufs
sense:
A common festive activity held at Easter, where Easter eggs are hidden outdoors (or indoors if in bad weather) for children to run around and find; this may also be a contest to see who can collect the most eggs.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Armenian
trans_list: arménien oriental
sense:
One of the two standardized forms of the modern Armenian language, the other being Western Armenian. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and is the dialect spoken by Armenian diaspora in CIS countries and Iran. It developed in the 19th century in Russian Armenia.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Bloc__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Bloc
trans_list: pays de l'Est
sense:
(historical) The largely Communist countries of the eastern world, usually Eastern Europe and especially in the Cold War era.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Europe
trans_list: Europe de l'Est | Europe orientale
sense:
A socio-politic geographical area of eastern Europe usually including the European countries to the east of Germany, Austria and Italy, and to the west of the Urals. However, a less common definition of the region excludes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Baltic states and some parts of the Balkans - placing them in Central Europe instead.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Hemisphere__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Hemisphere
trans_list: hémisphère est
sense:
The hemisphere of the Earth to the east of the Greenwich Meridian (zero degree longitude) and west of 180 degrees longitude (approximately the International Date Line).


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Orthodox_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Orthodox Church
trans_list: Communion des Églises orthodoxes | Église orthodoxe
sense:
One of the major branches of Christianity; it comprises the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church and other patriarchates.


lexentry: eng/Eastern_Standard_Time__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eastern Standard Time
trans_list: heure normale de l'est
sense:
The timezone that encompasses the East coast of the United States, and parts of Canada during winter and late autumn; it is five hours behind Greenwich Mean Time.


lexentry: eng/Ebola_fever__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ebola fever
trans_list: fièvre Ebola
sense:
(disease) An extremely contagious and often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus, characterised by fever and internal bleeding, contracted through infected body fluids.


lexentry: eng/Ebola_virus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ebola virus
trans_list: virus Ebola
sense:
Any extremely contagious filovirus infection of African origin that causes Ebola fever, spread through contact with bodily fluids or secretions of infected persons and by airborne particles, caused by the viruses in genus Ebolavirus.


lexentry: eng/Echidna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Echidna
trans_list: Échidna
sense:
(Greek mythology) A female monster who, along with Typhon, mothered the vast majority of the famous monsters and creatures of Greek mythology.


lexentry: eng/Echo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Echo
trans_list: Écho
sense:
(Greek mythology) An oread, punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others.


lexentry: eng/Eclectic_Wicca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eclectic Wicca
trans_list: wicca éclectique
sense:
A branch of Wicca based on individuals inventing their own spiritual practices rather than following tradition or by combining multiple traditions in a syncratic manner


lexentry: eng/Eden__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eden
trans_list: Éden
sense:
(biblical) A garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Edwards_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Edwards syndrome
trans_list: syndrome d’Edwards
sense:
A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 18th chromosome, and characterised by organ defects and developmental delays.


lexentry: eng/Egypt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Egypt
trans_list: Égypte
sense:
(historical) A civilization based around the river Nile, on its lower reaches nearer the Mediterranean.


lexentry: eng/Egyptian_cobra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Egyptian cobra
trans_list: cobra égyptien
sense:
A species of cobra found in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (Naja haje) often referred to as an asp.


lexentry: eng/Ehlers-Danlos_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
trans_list: Syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos
sense:
(medicine, pathology) Any of a group of inherited connective tissue disorders caused by a defect in the synthesis of collagen, and resulting in abnormally elastic skin, joints, muscles, etc.


lexentry: eng/Eid_al-Adha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eid al-Adha
trans_list: Aïd el-Kebir | Aīd al-Kabīr
sense:
An Islamic festival commemorating the prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail to Allah.


lexentry: eng/Eid_al-Fitr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eid al-Fitr
trans_list: Aïd el-Fitr
sense:
(Islam) The religious celebration at the end of Ramadan, on the first day of the tenth month of the Muslim lunar calendar.


lexentry: eng/Eiffel_Tower__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eiffel Tower
trans_list: tour Eiffel | Tour
sense:
An iron tower built in 1889 on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris; a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.


lexentry: eng/Eighty_Years'_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eighty Years' War
trans_list: guerre de Quatre-Vingts Ans
sense:
(historical) The conflict in the Low Countries against Spanish rule, from 1568 to 1648, that gradually turned into a Dutch war of independence.


lexentry: eng/Eileithyia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eileithyia
trans_list: Ilithyie
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of childbirth and midwifery; the daughter of Zeus and Hera; the Greek counterpart of the Roman Lucina.


lexentry: eng/Einstein__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Einstein
trans_list: Einstein
sense:
Albert Einstein, the world-famous 20th-century theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity.


lexentry: eng/Einstein_field_equation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Einstein field equation
trans_list: Équation de champ d'Einstein
sense:
(relativity) A symmetric 4 × 4 tensor equation in general relativity in which the gravitational force is described as a curvature of spacetime caused by matter and energy.


lexentry: eng/Einstein_ring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Einstein ring
trans_list: anneau d'Einstein
sense:
(astronomy) A ring-shaped gravitational mirage; an image of a distant light source (such as a galaxy) which has been distorted into a ring by a gravitational lens.


lexentry: eng/Ekavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ekavian
trans_list: ékavien
sense:
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /e/.


lexentry: eng/El_Niño__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: El Niño
trans_list: El Niño
sense:
An invasion of warm water into the surface of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru and Ecuador, the positive phase of the multi-year ENSO cycle, which causes changes in local and regional climate.


lexentry: eng/Elagabalus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Elagabalus
trans_list: Elagabal | Héliogabale
sense:
(Ancient Rome) The Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (reigned 218–222), noted for eccentricity, femininity, decadence, and disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos.


lexentry: eng/Elam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elam
trans_list: Élam
sense:
(historical) An ancient civilization established in what is now south-western Iran before 3000 BC; its capital was Susa and its inhabitants were Elamites; known in classical times as Susiana.


lexentry: eng/Elbrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elbrus
trans_list: Elbrouz
sense:
An inactive volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia. Elbrus's highest peak is the highest mountain in the Caucasus, and in Russia.


lexentry: eng/Elector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elector
trans_list: prince-électeur | princesse-électrice
sense:
(historical) A German prince entitled to elect the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; a prince-elector.


lexentry: eng/Electoral_College__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Electoral College
trans_list: collège électoral
sense:
(US politics) An electoral college chosen, within a state, to formally cast that state's votes for the president and vice president of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Electra_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Electra complex
trans_list: complexe d'Électre
sense:
(psychoanalysis) The theory that a female's psychological development involves a sexual attachment to the father and jealousy of the mother.


lexentry: eng/Elfdalian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elfdalian
trans_list: elfdalien
sense:
A linguistic variety of the Scandinavian language continuum spoken in the old parish of Övdaln in Sweden.


lexentry: eng/Elizabethan_collar__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Elizabethan collar
trans_list: collerette vétérinaire
sense:
(figurative) A protective medical device worn by an animal, usually a cat or dog, shaped like a truncated cone, to prevent the animal from biting or licking at its body or scratching at its head or neck while wounds or injuries heal.


lexentry: eng/Elsinore__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Elsinore
trans_list: Elseneur
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Its Kronborg Castle served as the setting for William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.


lexentry: eng/Emajõgi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Emajõgi
trans_list: Emajõgi
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError which flows from Lake Võrtsjärv through Tartu County into Lake Peipus, crossing the city of Tartu for 10 km. It has a length of 101 km.


lexentry: eng/Ember_day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ember day
trans_list: Quatre-Temps
sense:
(Christianity) Any of the three days within the same week, four separate sets of which occur roughly equidistant in the circuit of the year, that are set aside for fasting and prayer. In Western Christianity they are usually the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday following the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsunday, Holy Cross Day (14 September), and Saint Lucy's Day (13 December).


lexentry: eng/Emesene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Emesene
trans_list: Émésène
sense:
(historical) A region in Syria along the middle and upper section of the Orontes river, between Epiphaneia to the north and Maurikiopolis to the south.


lexentry: eng/Emirate_of_Sicily__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Emirate of Sicily
trans_list: émirat de Sicile
sense:
(historical) A mediaeval Islamic state that ruled Sicily from 831 until falling to the Normans in 1091; specifically, the state ruled by the Kalbids, from 948 to 1091.


lexentry: eng/Empire_of_Japan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Empire of Japan
trans_list: Empire du Japon
sense:
(historical) Japan from the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (1890) until the enactment of the post-WWII Constitution of Japan (1947). Unofficially used for Japan from the end of the shogunate (1868) to the end of the World War II (1945).


lexentry: eng/Engadin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Engadin
trans_list: Engadine
sense:
A long valley in the Swiss Alps located in the canton of Grisons/Graubünden in southeast Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: England
trans_list: Angleterre
sense:
The kingdom established in southeast Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927 and its various successor states, now the largest and most populous of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom; (by extension, sometimes, proscribed) the area of this kingdom generally, south of Scotland and east of Wales, including (historical) this area of Celtic and Roman Britain or the post-Roman kingdoms of the Angles and other Germans taken collectively.


lexentry: eng/English-Canadian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Of or relating to anglophone (English-speaking, English-language) Canadians, of English Canada.
written_rep: English-Canadian
trans_list:
anglo-canadien | anglo-canadienne | canadien anglophone | canadien-anglais | canadienne anglophone | canadienne-anglaise


lexentry: eng/English_Channel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English Channel
trans_list: Manche
sense:
The arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the British Isles from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/English_Opening__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English Opening
trans_list: partie anglaise
sense:
A chess opening in which white begins by playing 1.c4, moving his queen bishop's pawn to the fourth rank.


lexentry: eng/English__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: English
trans_list: anglais
sense:
(uncountable) Facility with the English language, ability to employ English correctly and idiomatically.


lexentry: eng/English__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: English
trans_list: gros-texte
sense:
(printing, dated) A size of type between pica (12 point) and great primer (18 point), standardized as 14-point.


lexentry: eng/English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English
trans_list: anglais
sense:
The language originating in England but now spoken in all parts of the British Isles, the Commonwealth of Nations, North America, and other parts of the world.


lexentry: eng/English_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English bond
trans_list: appareil flamand | appareil français | appareil picard | appareil à la française
sense:
(masonry) In bricklaying, an arrangement of bricks such that one course has the short sides of the bricks (headers) facing outwards, and the next course has the long sides of the bricks (stretchers) facing outwards.


lexentry: eng/English_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: English studies
trans_list: anglistique
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the English language, English linguistics, and English sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Englishman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Englishman
trans_list: Anglais
sense:
A native or inhabitant of England; a man who is English by ancestry, birth, descent, or naturalisation. [from 7th c.]


lexentry: eng/Englishwoman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Englishwoman
trans_list: Anglaise
sense:
A female native or inhabitant of England; a woman who is English by birth, descent or naturalisation.


lexentry: eng/Enlightenment__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Enlightenment
trans_list: lumière
sense:
A 17th- and 18th-century philosophical movement in European history; the Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason emphasizing rationalism.


lexentry: eng/Entente_Cordiale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Entente Cordiale
trans_list: Entente cordiale
sense:
(collectively) A specific set of landmark agreements, signed on April 8, 1904, that resolved a number of long-standing territorial, economic, and strategic points of contention between Britain and France.


lexentry: eng/Enyo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Enyo
trans_list: Ényo
sense:
(Greek god) Goddess of violent war, acting as a counterpart and companion to the war god Ares. Identified with Bellona in Roman mythology.


lexentry: eng/Eos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eos
trans_list: Éos
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the dawn; daughter of Hyperion and Theia, sister of Helios and Selene, wife of Astraeus (god of the dusk), and mother of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets"). Her Roman counterpart is Aurora.


lexentry: eng/Ephesians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ephesians
trans_list: Éphésiens
sense:
(biblical) The tenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Ephesus which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Epicureanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Epicureanism
trans_list: épicurisme
sense:
A system of philosophy, chiefly ethics, based upon the teachings of Epicurus (c. 340–c. 270 BC), that advocated retreat from public life to preserve one's long-term happiness and ataraxia.


lexentry: eng/Epimetheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Epimetheus
trans_list: Épiméthée
sense:
(Greek mythology) Son of Iapetus and Clymene, brother to Atlas, Menoetius and Prometheus, of whom he ignored warnings to beware of any gifts from Zeus. He accepted Pandora as his wife, thereby bringing sorrow to the world; father to Pyrrha.


lexentry: eng/Epirus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Epirus
trans_list: Épire
sense:
(historical) A larger historical kingdom in roughly the same region, widely extended by the Greek general and king Pyrrhus during the early Hellenistic period.


lexentry: eng/Epirus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Epirus
trans_list: Épire
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; one of the thirteen peripheries (administrative regions) of modern Greece.


lexentry: eng/Equatorial_Guinean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Equatorial Guinean
trans_list: équato-guinéen
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to Equatorial Guinea, the Equatorial Guinean people or the Equatorial Guinean culture.


lexentry: eng/Equuleus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Equuleus
trans_list: Petit Cheval
sense:
(constellation) The second smallest constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a little horse. It lies west of the constellation Aquarius.


lexentry: eng/Erasmus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erasmus
trans_list: Érasme | Érasme de Rotterdam
sense:
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam), a Dutch humanist and theologian.


lexentry: eng/Erato__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erato
trans_list: Érato
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of lyric poetry, particularly erotic poetry, eroticism, and mimic imitation, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus & Mnemosyne. Usually depicted with a crown/wreath of myrtle and roses, holding a lyre and a golden arrow and doves. Often accompanies Eros/Cupid.


lexentry: eng/Erinyes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erinyes
trans_list: Érinyes
sense:
(Greek god) The Furies; the goddesses of vengeance against serious moral offence (such as oath-breaking), latterly known as protectors of Athens, of pre-Olympian origin and variously described as having sprung from the spilled blood of Uranus or as daughters of Nyx; identified with the Roman Dirae.


lexentry: eng/Eris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eris
trans_list: Éris
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;(religion, Discordianism) the same figure as principal deity of Discordianism, regarded as the goddess of disorder.


lexentry: eng/Eris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Eris
trans_list: Éris
sense:
(astronomy) The celestial body 136199 Eris, the most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the largest known object in the scattered disk; formerly nicknamed Xena.


lexentry: eng/Erlenmeyer_flask__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erlenmeyer flask
trans_list: erlenmeyer
sense:
(chemistry) A glass laboratory flask of a conical profile with a narrow tubular neck and a flat bottom, used to manipulate solutions or carry out titrations.


lexentry: eng/Eros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eros
trans_list: Éros
sense:
(Greek god) The god of love and sexual desire; son of either Erebus and Nyx or Aphrodite and Ares. His Roman counterpart is Cupid.


lexentry: eng/Erzya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Erzya
trans_list: erzya
sense:
A Finno-Ugric language spoken primarily in the Volga region of Russia, but is also spoken in Azerbaijan, Estonia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Eskimo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eskimo
trans_list: Eskimo | Esquimaux
sense:
(sometimes, offensive) A group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik.


lexentry: eng/Esperantist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Esperantist
trans_list: espérantiste | espérantophone
sense:
A specialist or speaker of Esperanto, the international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof.


lexentry: eng/Esperanto__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Esperanto
trans_list: espéranto
sense:
An international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof with a base vocabulary inspired by Indo-European languages such as English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Russian, and having a streamlined grammar with completely regular conjugations, declensions, and inflections.


lexentry: eng/Estuary_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Estuary English
trans_list: Anglais de l'estuaire
sense:
(British) A variety of English accent, spreading out from London into the area of the Thames estuary, containing features of received pronunciation, Cockney and other regional accents.


lexentry: eng/Ethelred__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ethelred
trans_list: Ethelred | Æthelred
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Ethelred I, King of Wessex between 865 and his death in 871


lexentry: eng/Ethelred__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ethelred
trans_list: Ethelred | Æthelred
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Ethelred II “the Unready”, King of the English between 978 and his death in 1016


lexentry: eng/Ethiopia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ethiopia
trans_list: Éthiopie
sense:
(historical) Sub-Saharan Africa, especially the parts south of Egypt and along and east of the Nile.


lexentry: eng/Etruria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Etruria
trans_list: Étrurie
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, located between the Arno and Tiber rivers, corresponding to modern day Tuscany in Western Italy; the home of Etruscans.


lexentry: eng/Etruscan_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Etruscan bear
trans_list: ours étrusque
sense:
An extinct species of bear, †Ursus etruscus, endemic to Europe, Asia and North Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (approximately 5.3 million to 100,000 years ago).


lexentry: eng/Euboea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euboea
trans_list: Eubée
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the second-largest, just off the eastern coast of Boeotia, in the Aegean Sea.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean
trans_list: euclidien
sense:
(geometry) Adhering to the principles of traditional geometry, in which parallel lines are equidistant.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_algorithm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Euclidean algorithm
trans_list: algorithme d'Euclide
sense:
(arithmetic, number theory) Specifically, a method, based on a division algorithm, for finding the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two given integers; any of certain variations or generalisations of said method.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean geometry
trans_list: géométrie euclidienne
sense:
(geometry) The familiar geometry of the real world, based on the postulate that through any two points there is exactly one straight line.


lexentry: eng/Euclidean_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euclidean space
trans_list: espace euclidien
sense:
Ordinary n-dimensional space, characterized by an infinite extent along each dimension and a constant distance between any pair of parallel lines.


lexentry: eng/Euhemerus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euhemerus
trans_list: Évhémère
sense:
(historical) An ancient Greek Sicilian Skeptic philosopher, famed for a lost work proposing most or all mythology derived from historical figures and natural events which became supernatural only through retelling.


lexentry: eng/Euler's_formula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Euler's formula
trans_list: formule d'Euler
sense:
(differential geometry) Formula which calculates the normal curvature of an arbitrary direction in the tangent plane in terms of the principal curvatures \kappa_1 and \kappa_2 and the angle \theta which that direction makes with the first principal direction:


lexentry: eng/Eumolpus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eumolpus
trans_list: Eumolpe
sense:
(Greek mythology) The son of Poseidon and Chione, who became one of the first priests of Demeter and one of the founders of the Eleusinian Mysteries.


lexentry: eng/Euphrates__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euphrates
trans_list: Euphrate
sense:
The river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf. It forms the Western edge of classical Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Eurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurasia
trans_list: Eurasie
sense:
The largest and most populous landmass on Earth, consisting of Europe and Asia; sometimes also including neighbouring islands. [1881]


lexentry: eng/Eurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Eurasia
trans_list: Eurasie
sense:
A region comprising parts of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia; the countries of the former Soviet Union and the sphere of influence of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Eurasian_jay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurasian jay
trans_list: geai des chênes
sense:
A widespread species of jay, usually crested and with pinkish-brown plumage and a harsh screech (Garrulus glandarius).


lexentry: eng/Eurasian_teal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurasian teal
trans_list: sarcelle d'hiver
sense:
Anas crecca, a common and widespread duck which breeds in temperate Palearctic and migrates south in winter.


lexentry: eng/Euripides__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euripides
trans_list: Euripide
sense:
A Greek tragedian (c. 480–406 B.C.E.); Euripides was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens.


lexentry: eng/Eurocentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocentrism
trans_list: eurocentrisme | européocentrisme
sense:
The practice of viewing the world from a European perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of European culture.


lexentry: eng/Eurocheque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocheque
trans_list: eurochèque
sense:
(finance, historical) A type of cheque formerly used in Europe that was accepted across national borders and could be written in a variety of currencies.


lexentry: eng/Eurocommunism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocommunism
trans_list: eurocommunisme
sense:
An ideological trend within various Western European communist parties in the 1970s and 1980s; a form of communism less aligned with Soviet communism and allegedly more relevant to Western European social conditions.


lexentry: eng/Eurocrat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurocrat
trans_list: eurocrate
sense:
(slang, derogatory) An employee or minister of the European Union, typically working in Brussels or Strasbourg.


lexentry: eng/Eurodollar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurodollar
trans_list: eurodollar
sense:
(economics) A deposit, in US dollars, held in a bank outside of the United States (no longer necessarily in Europe)


lexentry: eng/Eurogroup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurogroup
trans_list: Eurogroupe
sense:
(European politics) The informal body composed of the finance ministers of the countries in the Eurozone.


lexentry: eng/Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Europe
trans_list: Europe
sense:
The portion of Eurasia west of the Urals, traditionally considered a continent in its own right, located north of Africa, west of Asia and east of the Atlantic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/European_Central_Bank__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Central Bank
trans_list: Banque centrale européenne
sense:
The Central bank for the European Union, administering the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states.


lexentry: eng/European_Council__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Council
trans_list: Conseil européen
sense:
an institution of the European Union (EU) charged with defining the EU's overall political direction and priorities, that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission


lexentry: eng/European_Engineer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Engineer
trans_list: ingénieur européen
sense:
European qualification for engineers granted by the European Federation of National Engineering Associations (FEANI).


lexentry: eng/European_Portuguese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Portuguese
trans_list: portugais du Portugal | portugais européen
sense:
The Portuguese language as spoken and written in Portugal, particularly when it differs from other regional varieties of that language.


lexentry: eng/European_Stability_Mechanism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Stability Mechanism
trans_list: Mécanisme européen de stabilité
sense:
(finance, EU) A proposed international organisation that would provide financial assistance to members of the Eurozone in financial difficulty.


lexentry: eng/European_Union__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European Union
trans_list: Union européenne
sense:
A supranational organisation, consisting of 27 member states, created in the 1950s to bring the nations of Europe into closer economic and political connection.


lexentry: eng/European_bitterling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European bitterling
trans_list: bouvière
sense:
A fish of species Rhodeus amarus, originating in Europe, ranging from the Rhone River basin in France to the Neva River in Russia.


lexentry: eng/European_herring_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European herring gull
trans_list: goéland argenté
sense:
A common, large seagull, Larus argentatus, having a white and gray body and a yellow bill with a red spot and found in the coastal areas of Europe.


lexentry: eng/European_larch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European larch
trans_list: mélèze commun | mélèze d'Europe | pin de Briançon
sense:
A deciduous conifer native to central Europe but also cultivated in England and elsewhere, Larix decidua.


lexentry: eng/European_mink__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European mink
trans_list: vison d'Europe
sense:
a species of mink, Mustela lutreola, found mostly in Europe, similar in appearance to the American mink.


lexentry: eng/European_mistletoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European mistletoe
trans_list: gui blanc
sense:
a parasitic evergreen plant (Viscum album) with white berries which grows on oaks, apple and other trees.


lexentry: eng/European_polecat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European polecat
trans_list: putois
sense:
Mustela putorius, related to mink and weasels, native to Europe and parts of Asia, and from which certain of the animals called ferrets have been domesticated.


lexentry: eng/European_pollock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European pollock
trans_list: lieu jaune
sense:
Fish of the species Pollachius pollachius, which live in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly off the coast of Norway and the United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/European_rabbit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European rabbit
trans_list: lapin commun | lapin de garenne
sense:
An animal of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus, native to southwestern Europe and northwest Africa, introduced and invasive elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/European_seabass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European seabass
trans_list: bar commun | bar européen | loup de mer | perche de mer
sense:
A highly appreciated marine food fish found in the coastal waters of eastern Atlantic from Cape Verde to southern Norway and in the Mediterranean, (Dicentrarchus labrax).


lexentry: eng/European_shag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European shag
trans_list: cormoran huppé
sense:
Gulosus aristotelis (syn. Phalacrocorax aristotelis), a member of the Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant) family of seabirds.


lexentry: eng/European_spider_crab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European spider crab
trans_list: araignée de mer
sense:
A species of migratory crab, Maja squinado, found in the north-east Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.


lexentry: eng/European_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: European studies
trans_list: Études européennes
sense:
(humanities) an academic field of study offered by many colleges and universities that focuses on current developments in European integration


lexentry: eng/European_wildcat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Felis silvestris silvestris, a subspecies of the wildcat.
written_rep: European wildcat
trans_list:
chat forestier | chat forestier européen | chat sauvage d'Europe | chat sauvage européen | chat sylvestre


lexentry: eng/Europeanisation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Europeanisation
trans_list: européanisation
sense:
The process whereby the people and institutions of the countries of the European Union become more European and less national.


lexentry: eng/Europop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Europop
trans_list: europop
sense:
A style of continental European pop music from the 1970s and 1980s characterized by catchy beats, slick songs and frothy lyrics.


lexentry: eng/Eurosceptic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurosceptic
trans_list: eurosceptique
sense:
(UK form) One who is sceptical of European integration, such as the EEC, the EC, the EP, the EU, the Euro, etc.


lexentry: eng/Euroscepticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Euroscepticism
trans_list: euroscepticisme
sense:
Opposition to or scepticism of increasing European integration, such as the EEC, the EC, the EP, the EU, the Euro.


lexentry: eng/Eurovision__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurovision
trans_list: Eurovision
sense:
A European broadcasting system, created by the European Broadcasting Union, that produces the Eurovision Song Contest and related programmes.


lexentry: eng/Eurystheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eurystheus
trans_list: Eurysthée
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Mycenaean king of Tiryns (or, according to some authors, of Argos), in Argolis, who imposed the twelve labours on Heracles.


lexentry: eng/Eustachian_tube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eustachian tube
trans_list: trompe auditive | trompe d’Eustache | tube auditif
sense:
(anatomy) In humans and other land vertebrates, a tube that links the nasopharynx to the cavity of the middle ear to allow the equalization of the pressure on both sides of the eardrum.


lexentry: eng/Evangelist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Evangelist
trans_list: évangéliste
sense:
(biblical) A writer of a gospel, especially the four New Testament Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), (also evangelist.)


lexentry: eng/Exodus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Exodus
trans_list: Exode
sense:
The second of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second book in the Torah describing the Exodus.


lexentry: eng/Eyak__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Eyak
trans_list: eyak
sense:
the extinct Na-Dené language of these people, formerly spoken near the mouth of the Copper River in Alaska.


lexentry: eng/F-sharp_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: F-sharp major
trans_list: Fa dièse majeur
sense:
(music) a musical key with the notes F♯, G♯, A♯, B, C♯, D♯, and E♯, the key signature of which has 6 sharps


lexentry: eng/FASTER__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FASTER
trans_list: VITE
sense:
(medicine, pathology) Acronym of face, arms, stability, talking, eyes, react. A mnemonic for diagnosing a or stroke. The mnemonic F-A-S-T-E-R also was coined in recognition of the word faster, as a need for speedy diagnosis and treatment.


lexentry: eng/FAST__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FAST
trans_list: VITE
sense:
(medicine, pathology) Acronym of facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time. A mnemonic for diagnosing a or stroke. The mnemonic F-A-S-T also was coined in recognition of the word fast, as a need for speedy diagnosis and treatment.


lexentry: eng/FSB__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FSB
trans_list: FSB
sense:
(initialism, Russia, politics, espionage, law enforcement) The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.


lexentry: eng/FUBAR__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FUBAR
trans_list: HS | foutu
sense:
(slang) Fucked up (or, bowdlerized, fouled up) beyond all recognition (or beyond all repair, or beyond all reason, or beyond any recovery).


lexentry: eng/Fabergé_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fabergé egg
trans_list: œuf de Fabergé
sense:
One of the thousands of decorated Easter eggs made by the House of Fabergé from 1885 to 1917, especially one of the 69 large jeweled pieces made for Russian imperial family and a few other customers.


lexentry: eng/Facebook__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Facebook
trans_list: Facebook | Fessebouc
sense:
(trademark) A social-networking website where users can find acquaintances or "friends", exchange messages, and post updates.


lexentry: eng/Fahrenheit__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fahrenheit
trans_list: Fahrenheit
sense:
Describing a temperature scale originally defined as having 0°F as the lowest temperature obtainable with a mixture of ice and salt, and 96°F as the temperature of the human body, and now defined with 32°F equal to 0°C, and each degree Fahrenheit equal to 5/9 of a degree Celsius or 5/9 kelvin.


lexentry: eng/Falkland_Islands_wolf__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A warrah, an extinct canid of species †Dusicyon australis.
written_rep: Falkland Islands wolf
trans_list:
Loup des Falkland | Loup des Malouines | Renard des Falkland | Renard des Malouines | Warrah | loup antarctique


lexentry: eng/Falklands_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Falklands War
trans_list: guerre des Malouines
sense:
A conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom over sovereignty of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands), waged between March and June of 1982.


lexentry: eng/Fall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fall
trans_list: chute
sense:
(theology) The sudden fall of humanity into a state of sin, as brought about by the transgression of Adam and Eve. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/Fallopian_tube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fallopian tube
trans_list: trompe de Fallope | oviducte
sense:
(anatomy) Either of the two ducts in female mammals through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus.


lexentry: eng/Far_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Far East
trans_list: Extrême-Orient
sense:
(dated) East Asia (Korea, Japan, China, the Russian Far East, etc.), and Southeast Asia, taken as a whole.


lexentry: eng/Faroese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faroese
trans_list: féroïen | féringien
sense:
(uncountable) The language of the Faroe Islands, closely related to Icelandic, and more distantly to Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish


lexentry: eng/Fata_Morgana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fata Morgana
trans_list: Fata Morgana
sense:
A form of mirage caused by a temperature inversion in the atmosphere, especially one seen in the Strait of Messina.


lexentry: eng/Fatah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fatah
trans_list: Fatah
sense:
a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).


lexentry: eng/Father's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Father's Day
trans_list: fête des Pères
sense:
A holiday in celebration of fatherhood, or to honor fathers, celebrated on the third Sunday of June in most of the world's countries. See Wikipedia:Father's Day:Dates.


lexentry: eng/Father__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Father
trans_list: Père
sense:
(Wicca) One of the triune gods of the Horned God in Wicca, representing a man, younger than the elderly Sage and older than the boyish Master.


lexentry: eng/Faustian_bargain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Faustian bargain
trans_list: pacte avec le diable | pacte faustien
sense:
(idiomatic) An agreement in which a person abandons his or her spiritual values or moral principles in order to obtain knowledge, wealth or other benefits.


lexentry: eng/February__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: February
trans_list: février
sense:
The short month following January and preceding March in the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, used in all three calendars for intercalation or addition of leap days.


lexentry: eng/Federal_District__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Federal District
trans_list: District fédéral
sense:
An administrative division of Brazil; located in the Center West Region of Brazil and containing the country's capital Brasilia


lexentry: eng/Fehmarn_Belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fehmarn Belt
trans_list: Fehmarn Belt
sense:
A strait in the Baltic Sea between the German island of Fehmarn and the Danish island of Lolland, connecting the Bay of Kiel and the Bay of Mecklenburg.


lexentry: eng/Fennoscandia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Fennoscandia
trans_list: Fennoscandie
sense:
(geology) the Fennoscandian Shield underlying Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Northern Denmark; Baltic Shield.


lexentry: eng/Fenrir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fenrir
trans_list: Fenrir
sense:
(Norse mythology) A monstrous wolf, one of Loki's offspring, who bites off Tyr's right hand while being bound by the gods in fear of a prophecy that he will kill Odin, remaining so bound until the events of Ragnarok.


lexentry: eng/Ferguson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ferguson
trans_list: Ferguson
sense:
(countable) A surname transferred from the given name originating in Scotland from Clan Fergusson and now widespread in the English-speaking world.


lexentry: eng/Fermat's_Last_Theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fermat's Last Theorem
trans_list: dernier théorème de Fermat
sense:
(number theory) The theorem that the Diophantine equation a^n + b^n = c^n has no solutions for positive integers a, b, c, n, where n > 2.


lexentry: eng/Fermat's_little_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fermat's little theorem
trans_list: petit théorème de Fermat
sense:
(number theory) The theorem that, for any prime number p and integer a, a^p - a is an integer multiple of p.


lexentry: eng/Fermat's_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fermat's principle
trans_list: principe de Fermat
sense:
(physics, optics) The principle, which links geometrical optics (or "ray optics") with wave optics, that the path traversed by a ray between two given points is: (in the original "strong" formulation) the one that takes the least time, or (in a weaker but more general formulation) one that takes a time that is "stationary" with respect to variations of the path (so that, loosely speaking, a small change in the ray path entails a very small change in the traversal time).


lexentry: eng/Ferris_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ferris wheel
trans_list: grande roue
sense:
An amusement ride, consisting of an upright rotating wheel having seats that remain in a horizontal position as the wheel revolves.


lexentry: eng/Fertile_Crescent__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fertile Crescent
trans_list: Croissant fertile
sense:
(historical) A crescent-shaped strip of fertile land stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey and down the Syrian and Israeli coasts.


lexentry: eng/Feynman_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Feynman diagram
trans_list: diagramme de Feynman
sense:
(physics) A pictorial representation of the interactions of subatomic particles, showing their paths in space and time as lines, and their interactions as points where lines meet.


lexentry: eng/Fibonacci_sequence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fibonacci sequence
trans_list: suite de Fibonacci
sense:
(mathematics) The sequence of integers, each of which is the sum of the preceding two, the first and second numbers both being 1.


lexentry: eng/Fijian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fijian
trans_list: fidjien
sense:
an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken on Fiji. It has 650,000 speakers, including second language users.


lexentry: eng/Filles_du_Roy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Filles du Roy
trans_list: Filles du Roi
sense:
A non-religious program composed of orphaned girls of France shipped to New France to populate French North America with Frenchmen, by providing wives to the bachelor colonial French traders.


lexentry: eng/Finlandization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finlandization
trans_list: finlandisation
sense:
(politics) The process by which a smaller or less powerful sovereign state comes to abide by a more powerful neighbor's foreign policy rules, while retaining its independence.


lexentry: eng/Finn__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Finn
trans_list: Finnois | Finnoise
sense:
A member of another Finnic nationality, such as (more narrowly) a Baltic Finn such as a Karelian or Estonian, or (more broadly) a Volga Finn or Perm Finn.


lexentry: eng/Finnic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Finnic
trans_list: fennique
sense:
(dated) Of the hypothetical Finno-Volgaic subgrouping of the Uralic languages that includes the Baltic-Finnic, Sami, Mordvinic and Mari languages.


lexentry: eng/Finnish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finnish
trans_list: finnois | finlandais
sense:
The Finno-Ugric language spoken by the majority of the people living in Finland, one of the two official languages of the country (the other is Swedish).


lexentry: eng/Finno-Ugric__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Finno-Ugric
trans_list: langues [[finno-ougrien]]nes
sense:
A group of languages that, together with Samoyedic, make up the Uralic family; they are spoken in a broad swathe from Siberia to Norway.


lexentry: eng/Fiordland_penguin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fiordland penguin
trans_list: gorfou du Fiordland
sense:
A species of crested penguin, Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, with distinctive blue-grey upperparts, which breed on the Fiordland coast and on nearby islands.


lexentry: eng/First_Communion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First Communion
trans_list: communion privée
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) The first time that a person, usually a child, receives the sacrament of Communion.


lexentry: eng/First_Communion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: First Communion
trans_list: communion privée
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) The celebration of the former, consisting of a solemn mass and generally a following private party.


lexentry: eng/First_Lady__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First Lady
trans_list: première dame
sense:
The wife of the chief executive of a nation; especially the wife of the President of a country; or a woman (e.g. a relative) who takes on similar public duties, as when the chief executive is unmarried.


lexentry: eng/First_Vision__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First Vision
trans_list: Première Vision
sense:
(Mormonism) The appearance of God the Father and Jesus Christ to the fourteen-year-old Joseph Smith, Jr. in a wooded area (now called the Sacred Grove) near Palmyra, New York in the early spring of 1820.


lexentry: eng/First_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: First World
trans_list: premier monde
sense:
(historical, politics) Those countries aligned with the West during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the East (Second World).


lexentry: eng/Fischer-Tropsch_process__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fischer-Tropsch process
trans_list: procédé Fischer-Tropsch
sense:
(organic chemistry) The synthesis of hydrocarbons by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.


lexentry: eng/Five_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Five Nations
trans_list: Cinq Nations | Cinq-Nations
sense:
(North America) Ellipsis of Iroquois Confederacy of Five Nations. (the original the Iroquois Confederacy; the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca)


lexentry: eng/Flanderization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flanderization
trans_list: Flanderisation
sense:
(uncountable) The progressive exaggeration of a single trait or set of traits of a fictional character until it overtakes all other characterization [from c. 2006]


lexentry: eng/Flash__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flash
trans_list: Flash
sense:
(DC Comics) Any of various DC Comics superheroes who have the power of superspeed, derived from an energy called the Speed Force.


lexentry: eng/Flaubertian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flaubertian
trans_list: flaubertien | flaubertin
sense:
Of or relating to Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880), influential French novelist in the style of literary realism.


lexentry: eng/Flemish_Community__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flemish Community
trans_list: Communauté flamande
sense:
One of the three communities of Belgium, consisting of the Flemish Region (the provinces of West Flanders, East Flanders, Flemish Brabant, Antwerp, Limburg) and partially the Brussels-Capital Region.


lexentry: eng/Flemish__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flemish
trans_list: flamand
sense:
Of or relating to Flanders, either as the historical county of Flanders (the current provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders in Belgium, Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands and French Flanders); or as the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.


lexentry: eng/Flemish_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flemish bond
trans_list: appareil anglais | appareil hollandais | appareil à l'anglaise
sense:
(masonry) In bricklaying, an arrangement of bricks such that each course consists of alternate bricks having their short sides (headers) and long sides (stretchers) facing outwards, with alternate courses being offset.


lexentry: eng/Flora__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flora
trans_list: Flore
sense:
(Roman god) the goddess of flowers, nature and spring; she is also the wife of Favonius and the mother of Karpos. She is the Roman counterpart of Chloris.


lexentry: eng/Florence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: Florence
trans_list: Florence
sense:
(historical) a medieval and early modern republic centered on the city of Florence in Italy that existed from 1115 to 1185 and from 1197 to 1569 when the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was formed.


lexentry: eng/Florida_panther__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Florida panther
trans_list: panthère de Floride
sense:
Puma concolor cougar, an endangered cougar that lives in forests and swamps of southern Florida in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Floréal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Floréal
trans_list: floréal
sense:
(historical) The eighth month of the French Republican Calendar, from April 20 or 21 to May 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Flying_Dutchman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flying Dutchman
trans_list: Hollandais volant
sense:
(nautical, _, folklore) A mythical Dutch-flagged ghost clipper that is very fast sailing, and never makes it to port, seen on the high seas, where upon being hailed, occupants request information on persons long dead, or leave messages for said people. In European naval folklore, it was considered to portend bad luck.


lexentry: eng/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Flying Spaghetti Monster
trans_list: Monstre en Spaghettis volant
sense:
(humorous) A deity consisting of spaghetti and meatballs, the creator of the universe according to the religion of Pastafarianism.


lexentry: eng/Fomalhaut__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fomalhaut
trans_list: Fomalhaut
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Piscis Austrinus and one of the brightest stars in the night sky; Alpha (α) Piscis Austrini.


lexentry: eng/Fordism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fordism
trans_list: fordisme
sense:
An economic and social system based on industrial mass production, where the worker is paid relatively high wages in order to buy in large quantity the products turned out in mass production.


lexentry: eng/Fornax__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fornax
trans_list: Fourneau
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a furnace. It lies near the constellation Eridanus.


lexentry: eng/Fortran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fortran
trans_list: fortran
sense:
(computer language) A high-level programming language first developed in the 1950s for scientific, engineering, and numerical computation.


lexentry: eng/Fosbury_flop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fosbury flop
trans_list: rouleau dorsal
sense:
(athletics) A high jump in which the jumper leaps backward and arches the back over the bar, thereby lowering the jumper's center of gravity below the body while it is aloft.


lexentry: eng/Foucault's_pendulum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Foucault's pendulum
trans_list: pendule de Foucault
sense:
A pendulum on a long wire, free to move in any direction; the plane of its motion appears to turn (clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) as the world turns beneath it.


lexentry: eng/Fountain_of_Youth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fountain of Youth
trans_list: fontaine de jouvence
sense:
(mythology) A legendary spring of water with the magical property of restoring youth and health to those who bathe or drink from it.


lexentry: eng/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
trans_list: Quatre Cavaliers de l'Apocalypse
sense:
(biblical) Four beings in Revelation 6:1–8 that bring about the Apocalypse, each embodied as a horseman riding a different-colored horse that represents a different aspect of the Apocalypse.


lexentry: eng/Fourier_series__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fourier series
trans_list: série de Fourier
sense:
(mathematics, analysis) Any series resulting from the decomposition of a periodic function into terms involving cosines and sines (or, equivalently, complex exponentials).


lexentry: eng/Fourier_transform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fourier transform
trans_list: transformation de Fourier
sense:
(analysis, harmonic analysis, physics, electrical engineering) A particular integral transform that when applied to a function of time (such as a signal), converts the function to one that plots the original function's frequency composition; the resultant function of such a conversion.


lexentry: eng/Fourierism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fourierism
trans_list: fouriérisme
sense:
The cooperative socialistic system of Charles Fourier, a Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society into small communities, living in common.


lexentry: eng/Franche-Comté__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Franche-Comté
trans_list: Franche-Comté
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; since 2015, part of the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.


lexentry: eng/Francia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Francia
trans_list: Francie
sense:
(historical) A former kingdom inhabited by the Franks, spreading over modern-day France (except Brittany and Corsica), the Low Countries, large parts of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Northern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Francoism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Francoism
trans_list: franquisme
sense:
(historical) The period of history in Spain under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, from 1936/1939 to 1975.


lexentry: eng/Frank__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frank
trans_list: Franc | Franque
sense:
One of the Franks, a Germanic federation that inhabited parts of what are now France, the Low Countries and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Franklin's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Franklin's gull
trans_list: mouette de Franklin
sense:
A migratory gull that breeds in the Northern Hemisphere and winters in the Southern Hemisphere; Leucophaeus pipixcan.


lexentry: eng/Fransaskois__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fransaskois
trans_list: franco-saskatchewanais | fransaskois
sense:
Pertaining to the francophone and French Canadian population of Saskatchewan, Franco-Saskatchewanian.


lexentry: eng/Fransén-Robinson_constant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fransén-Robinson constant
trans_list: constante de Fransén-Robinson
sense:
(mathematics) The numeric value of the integral over the positive real numbers of the reciprocal of the gamma function, \textstyle F=\int_0^\infty \frac 1 {\Gamma(x)} dx = 2.8077702420285....


lexentry: eng/Franz_Josef_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Franz Josef Land
trans_list: terre François-Joseph
sense:
An archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the north of Russia, north of Novaya Zemlya, east of Svalbard.


lexentry: eng/FreeCell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: FreeCell
trans_list: FreeCell
sense:
A solitaire card game, similar to Klondike but with the addition of cells where one card can be placed at a time.


lexentry: eng/Free_China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Free China
trans_list: Chine libre
sense:
(dated) The Republic of China in Taiwan as opposed to Communist China, i.e. the People's Republic of China, primarily used during the Cold War prior to 1979.


lexentry: eng/Free_City_of_Danzig__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Free City of Danzig
trans_list: République de Dantzig
sense:
(historical) A sovereign state at the Baltic Sea between the World Wars I and II, encompassing the city of Danzig


lexentry: eng/Freemason__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freemason
trans_list: franc-maçon
sense:
A member of the Free and Accepted Masons (sometimes entitled Ancient Free and Accepted Masons), an international fraternal and charitable organization.


lexentry: eng/French_Academy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Academy
trans_list: Académie française
sense:
An academy dedicated to the perfection of the French language and standards of usage, founded in the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/French_Defence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Defence
trans_list: défense française
sense:
A chess opening characterized by the moves 1.e4 e6, in which the white king's pawn advances two squares and the black king's pawn advance one square.


lexentry: eng/French_Equatorial_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Equatorial Africa
trans_list: Afrique Équatoriale Française
sense:
(historical) A federation in central Africa, stretching from the Sahara to the Congo River, comprising the following colonised countries (present names as independent republics in parentheses if different): Chad, French Congo (Republic of the Congo), Gabon and Ubangi-Shari (Central African Republic).


lexentry: eng/French_India__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French India
trans_list: Indes Françaises
sense:
The administrative whole of the French colonial possessions, all enclaved on the Indian subcontinent (East Indies), comprising Pondicherry (the joint governor's capital), Chandernagor (Chandernagore), Mahé (Mahe), Masulipatam, Yanam (Yanaon) and Karikal


lexentry: eng/French_Indochina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Indochina
trans_list: Indochine française
sense:
A former part of the French colonial empire in Indochina in southeast Asia, consisting of the current territories of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.


lexentry: eng/French_Louisiana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Louisiana
trans_list: Louisiane française
sense:
(historical) The French vast colony of Louisiana in North America, part of New France, sold to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.


lexentry: eng/French_Revolution__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Revolution
trans_list: Révolution française
sense:
A period in France of radical social and political upheaval which saw the country change from a monarchy to a republic (1789–1799).


lexentry: eng/French_Sign_Language__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French Sign Language
trans_list: langage des signes français | langue des signes française
sense:
A dactylological sign language used in seven different countries, based on Old French Sign Language. ISO 639-3 code: fsl.


lexentry: eng/French__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French
trans_list: français | langue française
sense:
(chiefly, _, uncountable) The language of France, shared by the neighboring countries Belgium, Monaco, and Switzerland and by former French colonies around the world.


lexentry: eng/French_drain__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: French drain
trans_list: drain de fondation | drain français
sense:
A gravel-filled corridor with a perforated pipe running through it that runs against the foundation footings of a building, used to collect ground water and drain it away from the building's interior.


lexentry: eng/French_dressing__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: French dressing
trans_list: vinaigrette française
sense:
(US) A salad dressing that is a uniform viscous sauce with a tangy sweet flavor. It is generally made from vegetable oil, vinegar, ketchup (or tomato puree), water, paprika, other spices, and sweeteners. [From the 1950s]


lexentry: eng/French_dressing__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: French dressing
trans_list: vinaigrette française | vinaigrette à la française
sense:
(Canada) A salad dressing that is a uniform viscous sauce with a tangy sweet flavour. It is generally made from vegetable oil, vinegar, mustard, honey, water, and spices.


lexentry: eng/French_drop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French drop
trans_list: tourniquet
sense:
(magic) A sleight of hand technique by which a magician appears to pass an object from one hand to the other while in fact keeping it in the original hand.


lexentry: eng/French_maid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French maid
trans_list: soubrette
sense:
A lady's maidservant of French origin, formerly considered a status symbol among wealthy households; now usually with reference to the titillating costume associated with them.


lexentry: eng/French_onion_soup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French onion soup
trans_list: soupe à l'oignon
sense:
(culinary) A soup made with onions and beef broth or beef stock, traditionally served with croutons and cheese as toppings.


lexentry: eng/French_paradox__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: French paradox
trans_list: paradoxe français
sense:
The observation that the French suffer a relatively low incidence of coronary heart disease, despite having a diet relatively rich in saturated fats.


lexentry: eng/Freudian_slip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freudian slip
trans_list: acte manqué | lapsus révélateur
sense:
(psychology) A mistake in speech or action in which a person supposedly shows their true subconscious desires.


lexentry: eng/Freudianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Freudianism
trans_list: freudisme
sense:
(psychology, psychoanalysis) Freudian beliefs and practices, particularly the mechanism of psychological repression, the centrality of sexual desire to the development of the persona, and the efficacy of the "talking cure" or psychoanalytic technique.


lexentry: eng/Friday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Friday
trans_list: vendredi
sense:
The sixth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fifth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Muslim Sabbath; it follows Thursday and precedes Saturday.


lexentry: eng/Frigg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frigg
trans_list: Frigg
sense:
(Germanic mythology, Norse mythology) The wife of Odin, and the Norse/Germanic goddess of married love, the heavens, home and hearth, after whom Friday is named (due to her being identified with Venus).


lexentry: eng/Frimaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frimaire
trans_list: frimaire
sense:
(historical) The third month of the French Republican Calendar, from November 21, 22 or 23 to December 20, 21 or 22.


lexentry: eng/Frisian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisian
trans_list: Frison | Frisonne
sense:
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).


lexentry: eng/Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frisian
trans_list: frison
sense:
A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Frobenius_endomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Frobenius endomorphism
trans_list: endomorphisme de Frobenius
sense:
(algebra, commutative algebra, field theory) Given a commutative ring R with prime characteristic p, the endomorphism that maps x → x p for all x ∈ R.


lexentry: eng/Fructidor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fructidor
trans_list: fructidor
sense:
(historical) The twelfth and final month of the French Republican Calendar, from August 18 or 19 to September 16 or 17.


lexentry: eng/Fusha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Fusha
trans_list: arabe littéral | arabe standard | fous-ha
sense:
Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, taken together: "standard" Arabic, used in religious texts, in writing, and in formal speech, as opposed to the regional "dialects" used for most daily communication.


lexentry: eng/G20__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: G20
trans_list: Groupe des Vingt
sense:
(politics, economics) A group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 economies: 19 countries plus the European Union.


lexentry: eng/GDPR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: GDPR
trans_list: RGPD
sense:
(European Union, _, law) Initialism of General Data Protection Regulation: a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).


lexentry: eng/GPS_receiver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: GPS receiver
trans_list: appareil de navigation
sense:
An audiovisual device, fitted to a civilian road vehicle, that uses the military Global Positioning System (U.S. Navstar system) as an aid to navigation.


lexentry: eng/GPU__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: GPU
trans_list: Guépéou
sense:
(historical) Initialism of State Political Directorate (Государственное Политическое Управление, Gosudarstvennoye Politicheskoye Upravlenie). (the Russian secret police until 1934)


lexentry: eng/G_major__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: G major
trans_list: sol majeur
sense:
(music) The major key with the notes G, A, B, C, D, E, F♯, the key signature of which has one sharp.


lexentry: eng/Gaelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaelic
trans_list: gaélique
sense:
Of or relating to the Gaels, the Goidel peoples of Scotland, Ireland, and the Manx, or their languages.


lexentry: eng/Gaelic_football__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaelic football
trans_list: football gaelique
sense:
An Irish form of football played by two teams of 15 players each, who score by kicking or punching a ball into the opposing team's goal or over a crossbar and between two upright posts above the goal.


lexentry: eng/Gaia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gaia
trans_list: Gaïa
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend.


lexentry: eng/Galapagos_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galapagos Islands
trans_list: îles Galápagos
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, famed for their influence on Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.


lexentry: eng/Galatians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galatians
trans_list: Galates
sense:
(biblical) The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians.


lexentry: eng/Galego__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galego
trans_list: galicien
sense:
A language spoken in the region of Galicia in the Northwestern corner of the Spanish peninsula and which is related to Portuguese. It is believed to be the parent language of Portuguese and shares many similarities with it, but typically uses Spanish orthography.


lexentry: eng/Galician__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Galician
trans_list: galicien | Galicien | Galicienne
sense:
(uncountable) The language of Galicia; a Romance language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Iberian peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Galilean__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Galilean
trans_list: zélote
sense:
(historical) A zealous follower of Judas of Galilee, who fiercely resented the taxation of the Romans, and whose violence contributed to induce the latter to vow the extermination of the whole race.


lexentry: eng/Galileo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galileo
trans_list: Galilée
sense:
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), an Italian thinker and key figure in the scientific revolution who improved the telescope, made astronomical observations, and put forward the basic principle of relativity in physics.


lexentry: eng/Gallicanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gallicanism
trans_list: gallicanisme
sense:
(historical, chiefly, Roman Catholicism) The doctrine that the church of France is autonomous, especially in relation to the pope; the intellectual movement in support of this doctrine and the policies expressing it.


lexentry: eng/Gallo-Roman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gallo-Roman
trans_list: Gallo-Romain
sense:
(historical) A Romanized Gaul, i.e. a Gaulish person who adopted or adapted the culture, language etc. of the Roman Empire following the establishment of Roman rule in the region of Gaul.


lexentry: eng/Gallurese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gallurese
trans_list: gallurais | gallurien
sense:
A Romance language or dialect, transitional between Corsican and Sardinian, spoken in the historical region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia.


lexentry: eng/Galois_extension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galois extension
trans_list: extension de Galois | extension galoisienne
sense:
(algebra, Galois theory) An algebraic extension that is both a normal and a separable extension; equivalently, an algebraic extension E/F such that the fixed field of its automorphism group (Galois group) Aut(E/F) is the base field F.


lexentry: eng/Galois_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Galois theory
trans_list: théorie de Galois
sense:
(algebra, field theory) The branch of mathematics dealing with Galois groups, Galois fields, and polynomial equations. It provides a link between field theory and group theory: it permits certain problems in the former to be reduced to the latter, which in some respects is simpler and better understood.


lexentry: eng/Gamilaraay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gamilaraay
trans_list: Camilaroi
sense:
The extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language, within the Wiradjuric group, formerly spoken by these people.


lexentry: eng/Gang_of_Four__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gang of Four
trans_list: Bande des quatre
sense:
(China, historical, politics) A leftist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials that came to prominence during the Chinese Cultural Revolution.


lexentry: eng/Ganymede__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ganymede
trans_list: Ganymède
sense:
(Greek god) A Trojan boy who was abducted (either by Zeus or Eos), and ultimately became immortal in order to be Zeus' cupbearer.


lexentry: eng/Garden_of_Eden__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Garden of Eden
trans_list: jardin d'Éden
sense:
(Abrahamic religions) In the Book of Genesis of the Bible and Surat Sad of the Qur'an, a garden at the source of the Gihon, Pishon, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers, where Adam and Eve first lived after being created.


lexentry: eng/Gaugamela__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaugamela
trans_list: Gaugamèles
sense:
(historical) a village in Assyria, where in 331 BC Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III


lexentry: eng/Gaza_Strip__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gaza Strip
trans_list: Bande de Gaza | bande de Gaza
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError: A small area of land on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, a Palestinian territory bordered by Egypt and Israel.


lexentry: eng/Gehenna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gehenna
trans_list: Géhenne
sense:
In rabbinical literature and Christian and Islamic scripture, the place where the souls of the wicked go after death, where they suffer eternal damnation or annihilation.


lexentry: eng/Gemini__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gemini
trans_list: Gémeaux
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac traditionally taken to represent the pair of twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. It contains the stars Castor, Pollux, and Alhena.


lexentry: eng/Gemini__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gemini
trans_list: Gémeaux
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the twins, ruled by Mercury and covering May 22 – June 21 (tropical astrology) or June 16 – July 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Generation_X__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Generation X
trans_list: génération X
sense:
(specifically) The generation of people born after the baby boom that followed World War II, especially those born from the mid 1960s to early 1980s, sometimes characterized as cynical, disaffected, lacking direction in life, and unwilling to take part fully in society.


lexentry: eng/Generation_Y__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Generation Y
trans_list: génération Y
sense:
The generation of people born between the early 1980s and mid-1990s (with 1996 births cited as the last Millennial year), following Generation X.


lexentry: eng/Generation_Z__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Generation Z
trans_list: génération Z
sense:
The generation of people born between the late 1990s to early 2010s, following Generation Y. Typically defined as starting with 1997 births and ending at 2012 births.


lexentry: eng/Geneva_Convention__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Geneva Convention
trans_list: convention de Genève
sense:
(international law) An international treaty which defines the required treatment for prisoners of war by their captors.


lexentry: eng/Genoa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Genoa
trans_list: Gênes
sense:
(historical) a maritime republic in northwestern Italy that existed from the 11th century until its disestablishment in 1797 when Napoleon formed the Ligurian Republic, a client state; Genoa briefly regained independence in 1814 before becoming quickly annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815.


lexentry: eng/Genoa_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Genoa cake
trans_list: galette génoise
sense:
(mostly, UK) A fruitcake consisting of sultanas, currants or raisins, glacé cherries, almonds, and candied orange peel or essence, cooked in a batter of flour, eggs, butter, and sugar.


lexentry: eng/Geocentric_Coordinate_Time__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Geocentric Coordinate Time
trans_list: Temps-coordonnée géocentrique
sense:
[1983–] A coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to precession, nutation, the Moon, and artificial satellites of the Earth, equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the center of the Earth.


lexentry: eng/George__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: George
trans_list: Georges | Jorioz | Jore
sense:
A diminutive of the en given names Georgina or Georgia; also used in the conjoined name George Ann(e).


lexentry: eng/Georgian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Georgian
trans_list: géorgien | Géorgien
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Eastern European country of Georgia, the Georgian people or the Georgian language.


lexentry: eng/Georgian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Georgian
trans_list: Géorgien | Géorgienne | géorgien
sense:
(countable) A person or a descendant of a person from Georgia, a country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.


lexentry: eng/German_Confederation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German Confederation
trans_list: Confédération germanique
sense:
(historical) An association of predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe in the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/German_Spaniel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German Spaniel
trans_list: chien d'oysel allemand
sense:
A hunting dog of a breed developed in Germany around 1890, having a sturdy build and a brown coat with occasional white markings.


lexentry: eng/German__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: German
trans_list: Allemand | Allemande | Germaine | Germain
sense:
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is the most populous ethnic group in Germany; a person of German descent.


lexentry: eng/German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German
trans_list: allemand | Allemand
sense:
(uncountable) An Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) language, primarily spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and a small part of Belgium.


lexentry: eng/German_chamomile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German chamomile
trans_list: camomille
sense:
An annual plant, Matricaria recutita, of the aster family, which is the type of camomile most used for tea.


lexentry: eng/German_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German studies
trans_list: études germaniques
sense:
(humanities) A field that researches, documents, and disseminates German language and literature in both its historic and present forms.


lexentry: eng/German_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: German wheel
trans_list: roue allemande
sense:
(circus arts) An apparatus made up of two large, usually steel rings joined together by a set of parallel steel bars.


lexentry: eng/Germania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germania
trans_list: Germanie
sense:
(historical) Any of several geographical regions of different historical periods that were mainly inhabited by Germanic peoples.


lexentry: eng/Germanic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germanic
trans_list: germanique
sense:
(linguistics) The early, undocumented ancestral language from which other Germanic languages developed, such as Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Frisian, English, German, Faroese, Icelandic, Yiddish, Norwegian and Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Germanist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germanist
trans_list: germaniste
sense:
(humanities, ;, dated) A person who studies the Germanic languages, the associated literatures and/or cultures. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germany
trans_list: Allemagne
sense:
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Rhine, Elbe, and upper Danube Rivers in Central Europe, taken as a whole under its various governments.


lexentry: eng/Germinal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Germinal
trans_list: germinal
sense:
(historical) The seventh month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the vernal equinox (March 21 or 22) and ending on April 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Gesamtkunstwerk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gesamtkunstwerk
trans_list: œuvre d'art totale | spectacle total | théâtre total
sense:
Total artwork; an artistic creation such as an operatic performance that encompasses music, theatre and the visual arts.


lexentry: eng/Gethsemane__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gethsemane
trans_list: Gethsémané
sense:
A biblical location in ancient Jerusalem, a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives where, according to the four Gospels of the New Testament, Jesus underwent the agony in the garden and was arrested the night before his crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Ghibelline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghibelline
trans_list: Gibelin | Gibeline | gibelin | gibeline
sense:
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Holy Roman Emperor in a long struggle against the Guelphs and the Pope.


lexentry: eng/Ghost_Festival__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghost Festival
trans_list: fête des fantômes
sense:
A traditional Buddhist and Taoist festival in Asia, when ghosts and spirits are said to emerge from the lower realm, and deceased ancestors are venerated.


lexentry: eng/Ghost_of_Christmas_Past__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ghost of Christmas Past
trans_list: fantôme des Noëls passés
sense:
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, who visits Ebenezer Scrooge in order to show him his past, especially certain events of past Christmases that contributed to his later distaste for Christmas.


lexentry: eng/Gibranian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gibranian
trans_list: gibranien
sense:
Of or relating to Kahlil Gibran (1883–1931), Lebanese-American writer, poet, visual artist and Syrian nationalist.


lexentry: eng/Gila_monster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gila monster
trans_list: monstre de Gila
sense:
A venomous lizard, Heloderma suspectum, that lives in the deserts of the southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Glagolitic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Glagolitic
trans_list: glagol | alphabet glagolitique | glagolitsa
sense:
(linguistics) The oldest known Slavonic alphabet, designed around 862–863 by Saint Cyril in order to translate the Bible and other texts into Old Church Slavonic. Mostly replaced by Cyrillic alphabet in Orthodox Christian Slavic countries, but still in use in the Croatian Church along the Dalmatian coast, in Czech and Croatian recensions of Church Slavic.


lexentry: eng/Global_Positioning_System__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Global Positioning System
trans_list: Global Positioning System
sense:
(cartography) A system which enables a mobile receiver to determine its precise location based on signals received from a constellation of US military satellites.


lexentry: eng/Globish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Globish
trans_list: globish
sense:
A simplified version of the English language, not created but consisting of the most common English words and phrases, enabling non-English-speakers to communicate.


lexentry: eng/Gnosticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gnosticism
trans_list: gnosticisme
sense:
A wide variety of Jewish and early Christian sects having an interest in gnosis, or divine knowledge, and generally holding the belief that there is a god greater than the Demiurge, or the creator of the world.


lexentry: eng/Go_Fish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Go Fish
trans_list: quatuor
sense:
(card games) A children's card game in which players ask each other for cards of a particular rank, requiring them to "fish" in a pool of additional cards if they do not have the requested card.


lexentry: eng/God-fearer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God-fearer
trans_list: craignant-Dieu
sense:
(historical, Christianity) A member of a class of non-Jewish sympathizers to Second Temple Judaism, mentioned in the New Testament and other contemporary sources.


lexentry: eng/God-fearing__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God-fearing
trans_list: craignant Dieu | religieux
sense:
(religion) Following the precepts of a religious practice; respecting and revering God and his authority.


lexentry: eng/God__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God
trans_list: Dieu
sense:
The single deity of various monotheistic religions, especially the deity of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.


lexentry: eng/God_the_Father__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Father
trans_list: Dieu le Père
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the God of Abraham and the Jewish scriptures and considered the creator of mankind and Father of Jesus Christ


lexentry: eng/God_the_Holy_Ghost__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Holy Ghost
trans_list: Dieu le Saint-Esprit
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly, inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


lexentry: eng/God_the_Son__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: God the Son
trans_list: Dieu le Fils
sense:
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the Word of God, which became flesh—incarnated—in Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God the Father.


lexentry: eng/God_works_in_mysterious_ways__Proverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: God works in mysterious ways
trans_list: les voies de Dieu sont impénétrables | les voies du Seigneur sont impénétrables
sense:
Commenting that a seemingly unfortunate or unfavourable situation or change may be beneficial later or in the long run.


lexentry: eng/Godspeed__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Godspeed
trans_list: bon courage | bonne chance | que Dieu soit avec toi/vous
sense:
(literary) Used, especially at a parting, to express the wish that the outcome of the actions of a person (typically someone about to start a journey or a daring endeavour) is positive for them.


lexentry: eng/Goebbelsian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goebbelsian
trans_list: goebbelsien | goebbelsiene
sense:
Of or pertaining to Joseph Goebbels (1897–1945) or his way of doing propaganda, German politician associated with Nazi atrocities under Adolf Hitler.


lexentry: eng/Golaghat__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golaghat
trans_list: Golaghat
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated near the Dhansiri River in Upper – Assam, and one of the oldest urban agglomerations, raised to the status of a subdivision way back in 1839, and later elevated to a district in 1987.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Fleece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golden Fleece
trans_list: Toison d'or
sense:
(Greek mythology) A magical fleece from a winged ram guarded by the hydra in the tale of Jason and the Argonauts.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Fleece__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Golden Fleece
trans_list: Toison d'or
sense:
A chivalric order founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy. Later awarded in Spain and Habsburg Austria.


lexentry: eng/Golden_Horde__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Golden Horde
trans_list: Horde d'Or
sense:
(historical) A Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.


lexentry: eng/Goldilocks__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goldilocks
trans_list: Boucles d'or
sense:
The protagonist of a traditional fairy tale. She is a golden-haired young girl who inquisitively enters the house of three bears and tries their three bowls of porridge, three chairs, and three beds, in each case finding only one that suits her.


lexentry: eng/Goliard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goliard
trans_list: goliard
sense:
(historical) A wandering student of the 12th or 13th century, whose convivial lifestyle included minstrelsy and a typical satyric Latin poetry.


lexentry: eng/Gomorrah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gomorrah
trans_list: Gomorrhe
sense:
(Biblical, Quranic) TemplateParserError:LuaError which, according to the Hebrew Bible and to Islamic tradition, was destroyed by God (along with Sodom) for the sins of its inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Gondwana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gondwana
trans_list: Gondwana
sense:
(geology) A southern supercontinent, formed before Pangaea between 600 and 530 million years ago, that included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Southern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/Good_Friday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Good Friday
trans_list: vendredi saint | Vendredi saint
sense:
(Christianity) The Friday before Easter Sunday, the commemoration of the day on which Christ was crucified.


lexentry: eng/Good_King_Henry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Good King Henry
trans_list: ansérine bon-henri
sense:
A goosefoot of species Blitum bonus-henricus (syn. Chenopodium bonus-henricus), native to Britain and much of Europe, cultivated as a vegetable.


lexentry: eng/Good_Samaritan_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Good Samaritan law
trans_list: loi du bon Samaritain
sense:
(legal) A law that exempts from legal liability a person who attempts to give reasonable aid to another person who is injured, ill, or otherwise imperiled.


lexentry: eng/Good_Samaritan_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Good Samaritan law
trans_list: loi du bon Samaritain
sense:
(legal) A law that requires able persons, without putting themselves at risk, to provide reasonable aid to persons who are injured, ill, or otherwise imperiled.


lexentry: eng/Goth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Goth
trans_list: Goth | Gothe
sense:
A member of the East Germanic people known for their invasion of the western Roman Empire and subsequent founding of successor states in Italy and Spain during Late Antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Gothic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Gothic
trans_list: gothique
sense:
(architecture) Of or relating to the architectural style favored in Western Europe in the 12th to 16th centuries, with high-pointed arches, clustered columns, etc. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/Gothic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Gothic
trans_list: gothique
sense:
(literature) Of or relating to the style of fictional writing associated with Gothic fiction, emphasizing violent or macabre events in a mysterious, desolate setting. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Gotland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Gotland
trans_list: Gotland
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the only municipality there, so it, the county and island all have the same area.


lexentry: eng/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grand Duchy of Lithuania
trans_list: Grand-duché de Lituanie
sense:
(historical) A former European state from the 13th century until 1795, encompassing the territory of modern-day Lithuania and Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and small parts of Russia and Poland


lexentry: eng/Grand_Slam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Grand Slam
trans_list: Grand Chelem | grand-chelem
sense:
(tennis) The four biggest competitions of the year: Wimbledon, the French Open, Australian Open and the US Open


lexentry: eng/Grandmaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grandmaster
trans_list: grand maître
sense:
(chess) A player of the highest rank, as determined by FIDE, with an Elo rating of at least 2500. [From 1950.]


lexentry: eng/Great_Bear__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Bear
trans_list: Grande Ourse
sense:
(constellation) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a large bear. It is part of the constellation Ursa Major and includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.


lexentry: eng/Great_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Britain
trans_list: Grande-Bretagne
sense:
The island (and sometimes including some of the surrounding smaller islands) off the north-west coast of Europe made up of England, Scotland, and Wales.


lexentry: eng/Great_Britain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Great Britain
trans_list: Grande-Bretagne
sense:
(historical, or, loosely) The United Kingdom, or its predecessor the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801).


lexentry: eng/Great_Depression__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Depression
trans_list: Grande Dépression
sense:
(economics, business, finance, historical) A major economic collapse characterized by mass unemployment and limited business activity that lasted from 1929 to 1940 in the US and a similar period in many other countries.


lexentry: eng/Great_Feasts__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Feasts
trans_list: Douze Grandes Fêtes
sense:
(Eastern Orthodox) Twelve feasts of the Eastern Orthodox Church, of which three are movable and nine are fixed.


lexentry: eng/Great_Game__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Game
trans_list: Grand Jeu
sense:
(historical) The strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia, mainly during the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Great_Hours__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Hours
trans_list: office des Grandes Heures
sense:
A particularly solemn celebration in the Eastern Orthodox Church, occurring thrice a year: on the Eve of the Nativity, the Eve of Theophany, and Great Friday.


lexentry: eng/Great_Lakes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Lakes
trans_list: Grands Lacs
sense:
A group of five lakes on the United States–Canada border, consisting of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (Lake Michigan–Huron), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.


lexentry: eng/Great_Leap_Forward__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Leap Forward
trans_list: Grand Bond en avant
sense:
(historical) A vast economic and social plan lasting from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use the Chinese population to rapidly transform the Communist China from a primarily agrarian economy by peasant farmers into a modern communist society through agriculturalization and industrialization, but failed disastrously (resulting in massive famine and the deaths of many millions of people).


lexentry: eng/Great_Patriotic_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Patriotic War
trans_list: Grande Guerre patriotique
sense:
(historical, in Soviet or Russian contexts) the German-Soviet war (a portion of World War II fought between the USSR and Nazi Germany between 1941 and 1945)


lexentry: eng/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Pyramid of Giza
trans_list: pyramide de Khéops
sense:
The largest and most famous of the Egyptian pyramids, and the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.


lexentry: eng/Great_Russia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Russia
trans_list: Grande Russie
sense:
(historical, obsolete) The territories of "Russia proper", the land that formed the core of Muscovy and, later, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Great_Russian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Great Russian
trans_list: grand-russien
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to Great Russians, the language of Great Russia, as opposed to Little Russia, White Russia, etc.


lexentry: eng/Great_Russian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Russian
trans_list: grand-russien
sense:
(obsolete) The Russian language, especially when (possibly erroneously) considered to be mutually intelligible with the Ukrainian (Little Russian) and Belarusian (White Russian) languages.


lexentry: eng/Great_Satan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Satan
trans_list: Grand Satan
sense:
(pejorative, mostly used by Muslims, especially in Iran) The United States of America, particularly with regard to its perceived imperialist foreign policy.


lexentry: eng/Great_Vowel_Shift__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Vowel Shift
trans_list: grand changement vocalique
sense:
(phonology) A major change in the pronunciation of the English language, affecting the sounds of long vowels, that took place in England between 1350 and 1700.


lexentry: eng/Great_Wall_of_China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Great Wall of China
trans_list: Grande Muraille | Grande Muraille de Chine
sense:
An ancient Chinese fortification, almost 4,000 miles long, originally designed to protect China from the Mongols.


lexentry: eng/Greater_Armenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater Armenia
trans_list: Grande Arménie
sense:
(historical) Ancient Armenian kingdom in the Armenian Highlands, stretching from Euphrates to Kura river, Caspian Sea and lake Urmia, and existing from 190 B.C.E. to 428 C.E.. Traditionally divided into 15 provinces: Aghdznik, Artsakh, Ayrarat, Corduene, Gugark, Moxoene, Parskahayk, Paytakaran, Sophene, Syunik, Tayk, Turuberan, Upper Armenia, Utik, Vaspurakan.


lexentry: eng/Greater_Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater Caucasus
trans_list: Grand Caucase
sense:
the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains, which stretches for about 1,200 kilometres from west-northwest to east-southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea.


lexentry: eng/Greater_London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater London
trans_list: Grand Londres
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError combining the City of London, the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs. Greater London borders (anticlockwise) Essex, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Surrey and Kent.


lexentry: eng/Greater_Manchester__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater Manchester
trans_list: Grand Manchester
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError comprising the cities of Manchester and Salford, and the metropolitan boroughs of Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. Greater Manchester borders Merseyside, Cheshire, Lancashire, West Yorkshire and Derbyshire


lexentry: eng/Greater_Middle_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greater Middle East
trans_list: Grand Moyen-Orient
sense:
The countries of the Muslim world, centred on the Middle East and excluding those in Oceania. The Middle East plus Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and North Africa.


lexentry: eng/Greek_Orthodox_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek Orthodox Church
trans_list: Eglise orthodoxe grecque
sense:
A group of Eastern Orthodox churches comprising the churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Cyprus and Greece.


lexentry: eng/Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek
trans_list: grec
sense:
The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly (depending on context) Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.


lexentry: eng/Greek_fire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek fire
trans_list: feu grégeois
sense:
(historical) A highly flammable substance of unknown composition first used by the Greeks of Constantinople in the 7th century C.E. to set fire to enemy ships, buildings etc.


lexentry: eng/Greek_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greek salad
trans_list: salade grecque
sense:
A salad, popular in Greece, normally consisting of tomatoes, olives and feta cheese among other ingredients.


lexentry: eng/Green_Zone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Green Zone
trans_list: zone verte
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError: A fortified high-security district of Baghdad; established by the United States occupation force in the wake of the U.S.-Iraq War invasion of 2003; which contains major international hotels, international organizations and forces headquarters, Iraqi national ministries and government offices, and VIP residences.


lexentry: eng/Greenland_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Greenland Sea
trans_list: Mer du Groenland
sense:
a sea area to the east of Greenland, bounded by Iceland, the Norwegian Sea, Svalbard and the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Gregorian_calendar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gregorian calendar
trans_list: calendrier grégorien
sense:
The calendar currently used in the western world. It replaced the Julian calendar and was devised to halt the slow drift of the vernal equinox towards earlier in the year.


lexentry: eng/Grim_Reaper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grim Reaper
trans_list: Faucheuse | Grande Faucheuse | Mort | ange de la mort
sense:
A personification of Death as an old man, or a skeleton, carrying a scythe, taking souls to the afterlife.


lexentry: eng/Grimm's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grimm's law
trans_list: loi de Grimm
sense:
(indo-european studies) A sound change that affected the Proto-Indo-European stop consonants in the development of Proto-Germanic, causing devoicing or change into a fricative.


lexentry: eng/Groom_of_the_Stool__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Groom of the Stool
trans_list: porte-coton
sense:
(Britain, monarchy, historical) Originally an official responsible for helping the English monarch use the toilet; later a senior official who was allowed access to the monarch's privy chamber and served as a personal secretary.


lexentry: eng/Grothendieckian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grothendieckian
trans_list: grothendieckien
sense:
Of or relating to Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014), German-born French mathematician who was instrumental in the creation of modern algebraic geometry.


lexentry: eng/Groundhog_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Groundhog Day
trans_list: jour de la marmotte
sense:
An annual festival held in Canada and the USA on February 2 in which the arrival time of the spring season is predicted by whether or not a certain groundhog can see its shadow.


lexentry: eng/Grus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grus
trans_list: Grue
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a crane. It contains the star Alnair and lies south of the constellation Piscis Austrinus.


lexentry: eng/Gryffindor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gryffindor
trans_list: Gryffondor
sense:
(sometimes used attributively) A person having traits associated with Gryffindor house from the Harry Potter series, including bravery, boldness, or an affinity for lions or the colours red and gold.


lexentry: eng/Guaraní__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guaraní
trans_list: guarani
sense:
South-American Indian language of the Tupí-Guaraní family; spoken in Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.


lexentry: eng/Guelph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guelph
trans_list: guelfe | Guelfe
sense:
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Pope in a long struggle against the Ghibellines and the Holy Roman Emperor.


lexentry: eng/Guidonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guidonian
trans_list: guidonien
sense:
Of or relating to Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – after 1033), Italian music theorist and pedagogue of the medieval era, regarded as the inventor of modern musical staff notation.


lexentry: eng/Guillain-Barré_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guillain-Barré syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Guillain-Barré
sense:
(neurology, disease) Rapid-onset muscle weakness, often severe and sometimes fatal, resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function, associated with various viral and other infections.


lexentry: eng/Guiscard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guiscard
trans_list: Guiscard
sense:
the sobriquet of Robert de Hauteville, a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily


lexentry: eng/Gulf_Stream__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf Stream
trans_list: Gulf Stream
sense:
The warm ocean current issuing from the Gulf of Mexico, flowing northeastwards along the coast of North America to the Grand Banks where it breaks eastwards across the Atlantic Ocean and helps to maintain warm temperatures along the western coasts of the British Isles.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf War
trans_list: guerre du Golfe
sense:
(history) One of several wars fought at the Persian Gulf in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, principally the one from 1990 to 1991.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Alaska__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Alaska
trans_list: golfe d'Alaska
sense:
An arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Finland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Finland
trans_list: golfe de Finlande
sense:
An arm of the Baltic Sea that separates the European countries of Estonia and Finland. On its eastern end, the Neva at the Russian city of St. Petersburg empties into it.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Riga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Riga
trans_list: golfe de Riga
sense:
The inland body of water that is part of the Baltic Sea in eastern Europe and is near Latvia and Estonia.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Thailand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Thailand
trans_list: golfe de Thaïlande | golfe du Siam
sense:
An inland body of water in the Pacific Ocean that is southeast of Southeast Asia below the countries of Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, and is close to the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia.


lexentry: eng/Gullah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gullah
trans_list: gullah
sense:
A creole of English and various African languages spoken on a group of islands off the coast of the Carolinas and Georgia in the Southern United States.


lexentry: eng/Gummy_Bears__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gummy Bears
trans_list: ours gluant
sense:
A kind of gummy candy, a type of confectionery made from gelatine, in the miniature form of a toy bear.


lexentry: eng/Gunpowder_Plot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gunpowder Plot
trans_list: Conspiration des poudres
sense:
(British) A failed plot, in November 1605, to kill the Protestant king James I of England and VI of Scotland, and to blow up the House of Lords using gunpowder, annually commemorated on Guy Fawkes Day.


lexentry: eng/Gurbantünggüt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gurbantünggüt
trans_list: Dzoosotoyn Elisen | Gurbantunggut
sense:
A desert that occupies a large part of the Junggar Basin in Northern Xinjiang, in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/Guria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guria
trans_list: Gourie
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea with Ozurgeti as its regional capital.


lexentry: eng/Gutenbergian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gutenbergian
trans_list: gutenbergien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398–1468), inventor of the European technology of printing with movable type.


lexentry: eng/Gutnish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gutnish
trans_list: gotlandais
sense:
The native language of the island of Gotland in present day Sweden, used both as a spoken and written language until late medieval times. Modern Gutnish is increasingly marginalised by Standard Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Gypsy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gypsy
trans_list: tsigane | manouche | gitan | gitane
sense:
(sometimes, offensive) A member of the Romani people, or one of the sub-groups (Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc).


lexentry: eng/Gödel's_incompleteness_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gödel's incompleteness theorem
trans_list: théorème d'incomplétude de Gödel
sense:
(logic, mathematics) One of two theorems in mathematical logic that demonstrates the inherent limitations of every formal axiomatic system containing basic arithmetic.


lexentry: eng/Gödel_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gödel number
trans_list: nombre de Gödel
sense:
(logic) A number uniquely assigned to each symbol, and to each well-formed formula of some formal language.


lexentry: eng/Gülenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gülenist
trans_list: güleniste
sense:
(Turkey, politics) A supporter of the social movement led by Turkish Islamic scholar and preacher Fethullah Gülen.


lexentry: eng/H-hour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: H-hour
trans_list: heure H
sense:
(figuratively) The hour at which any major event planned for the future is set to begin, as used in United States military.


lexentry: eng/HIIT__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HIIT
trans_list: entraînement fractionné de haute intensité
sense:
(exercise) Initialism of high-intensity interval training: a form of exercise based on short bursts of intense effort, such as sprinting.


lexentry: eng/HMCS__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HMCS
trans_list: NCSM
sense:
(Canada, nautical, military) Initialism of Her (or His) Majesty's Canadian Ship; ship prefix of the Royal Canadian Navy


lexentry: eng/HSK__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HSK
trans_list: HSK | Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi | test d'évaluation de chinois
sense:
(education) Initialism of w:Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, standardized test of Standard Mandarin Chinese proficiency for non-native speakers.


lexentry: eng/HTTP_cookie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HTTP cookie
trans_list: cafteur | cookie | témoin
sense:
(Internet) A packet of information sent by a server to a World Wide Web browser and then returned by the browser each time it accesses that server, used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions, for example, to identify the user.


lexentry: eng/Haarlemmermeer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Haarlemmermeer
trans_list: Haarlemmermeer
sense:
A former lake in North Holland, the Netherlands, located between Amsterdam, Leiden and Haarlem, drained between 1849 and 1852.


lexentry: eng/Habakkuk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Habakkuk
trans_list: Habacuc | Habaquq
sense:
A prophetic book in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the minor prophets; or the eighth part of the Tere Asar in the Jewish Tanakh.


lexentry: eng/Hadean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hadean
trans_list: Hadéen
sense:
(geology) The Hadean eon; part of the Precambrian supereon, spanning from around 4.6 to 4 billion years ago.


lexentry: eng/Hades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hades
trans_list: Hadès
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Haemus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haemus
trans_list: Hémos
sense:
(Greek mythology) a king of Thrace, the son of Boreas, who was vain and haughty and compared himself and his wife to Zeus and Hera


lexentry: eng/Hainanese_chicken_rice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hainanese chicken rice
trans_list: riz au poulet hainanais
sense:
A dish of poached chicken and seasoned rice, served with chili sauce and usually cucumber garnishes; a national dish of Singapore.


lexentry: eng/Haitian_Creole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haitian Creole
trans_list: créole haïtien | haïtien
sense:
A language spoken in Haiti; developed first as a creole based on French and several West African languages.


lexentry: eng/Hakka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hakka
trans_list: hakka
sense:
A Chinese language mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi), Taiwan, Hong Kong, and by the Chinese minorities in Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/Halkomelem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Halkomelem
trans_list: halkomelem
sense:
A Central Salishan language spoken on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, by the Musqueam Indian Band, and closely related to Squamish (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh snichim).


lexentry: eng/Halloween__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Halloween
trans_list: Halloween
sense:
The eve of All Hallows' Day; October 31st; celebrated (mostly in English-speaking countries) by children going door-to-door in costume and soliciting candy with menaces.


lexentry: eng/Hamas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hamas
trans_list: Hamas
sense:
A militant Palestinianist and Sunni Muslim movement that presses for an independent, Palestinian Islamic state and the Palestinian right of return.


lexentry: eng/Hamlet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hamlet
trans_list: Hamlet
sense:
The eponymous main character of William Shakespeare's play, whose father's ghost, murdered by Hamlet's uncle, exhorts him to seek revenge.


lexentry: eng/Hamletian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hamletian
trans_list: hamlétien
sense:
Of or pertaining to William Shakespeare's play Hamlet (circa 1600), with themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption.


lexentry: eng/Hampshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hampshire
trans_list: Hampshire
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError bordered by Berkshire, Surrey, West Sussex, Dorset, Wiltshire, the English Channel and the Solent separating it from the Isle of Wight; the county town is Winchester.


lexentry: eng/Han__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Han
trans_list: Dynastie Han
sense:
An imperial Chinese dynasty, ruling (with interruptions) from 206 BC to AD 220, marked by the expansion of the Yellow River's Huaxia culture to the recent conquests of the Qin and a flowering of economic, literary, and scientific development


lexentry: eng/Hannibal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hannibal
trans_list: Annibal | Hannibal
sense:
A en given name of mostly historical use. Most notably borne by the Carthaginian general Hannibal, son of Hamilcar.


lexentry: eng/Hansard__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hansard
trans_list: Hansard
sense:
(chiefly, Britain, Commonwealth) The official report of debates and other proceedings in the British and some Commonwealth parliaments.


lexentry: eng/Hanse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanse
trans_list: Hanse
sense:
(historical) A merchant guild, particularly the Fellowship of London Merchants (the "Old Hanse") given a monopoly on London's foreign trade by the Normans or its successor, the Company of Merchant Adventurers (the "New Hanse"), incorporated in 1497 and chartered under Henry VII and Elizabeth I.


lexentry: eng/Hanseatic_League__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanseatic League
trans_list: Hanse | Ligue hanséatique
sense:
(historical) The commercial and military alliance of Low German merchant guilds and privileged market towns which dominated trade along the coasts of northern Europe from the mid-12th to mid-17th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Hansel_and_Gretel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hansel and Gretel
trans_list: Hansel et Gretel | Jeannot et Margot
sense:
A German fairy tale, recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812, about the siblings named Hansel and Gretel who are threatened by a cannibalistic witch who lives in a house made of cake and bread.


lexentry: eng/Hanukkah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanukkah
trans_list: Hanoukka | Hanoucca
sense:
(Judaism) An eight-day Jewish festival, starting on the 25th day of Kislev, which commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem after the victory of the Maccabees over the Greek Syrians.


lexentry: eng/Haratin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haratin
trans_list: Haratine
sense:
A member of a group of dark-skinned African people in Maghreb and Western part of Sahara (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), who often form a distinct social class.


lexentry: eng/Harvard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Harvard
trans_list: Harvard
sense:
A university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, named after John Harvard, American clergyman and philanthropist.


lexentry: eng/Harvest_Festival__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Harvest Festival
trans_list: fête d'action de grâce pour les récoltes
sense:
(UK) church festival celebrating the harvest, held at the end of September or the beginning of October


lexentry: eng/Harz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Harz
trans_list: Harz
sense:
A mountain range in Northern Germany; its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.


lexentry: eng/Hasdrubal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hasdrubal
trans_list: Hasdrubal
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Hasdrubal Barca and several other Carthaginians


lexentry: eng/Hashemite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hashemite
trans_list: hachémite
sense:
One who lays claim to being a direct descendant of Hashim, the great grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.


lexentry: eng/Haskell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Haskell
trans_list: Haskell
sense:
(programming language) A general-purpose purely functional programming language with support for recursive functions and pattern matching.


lexentry: eng/Hassānīya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hassānīya
trans_list: hassaniya
sense:
A group of Arabic dialects spoken primarily in Mauritania, a portion of southern Morocco, and Western Sahara.


lexentry: eng/Hathor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hathor
trans_list: Hathor
sense:
(Egyptian god) The goddess of joy, love, and motherhood; one of the "Eyes / Daughters of Ra", the consort of Ra/Horus; often depicted as having a cow's head.


lexentry: eng/Haumea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Haumea
trans_list: Hauméa
sense:
A dwarf planet with two known moons orbiting in the Kuiper belt, roughly one-third the mass of Pluto


lexentry: eng/Hausdorff_dimension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hausdorff dimension
trans_list: dimension de Hausdorff
sense:
(analysis) A type of fractal dimension, a real-valued measure of a geometric object that assigns 1 to a line segment, 2 to a square and 3 to a cube. Formally, given a metric space X and a subset of X labeled S, the Hausdorff dimension of S is the infimum of all real-valued d for which the d-dimensional Hausdorff content of S is zero.


lexentry: eng/Haussmannian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haussmannian
trans_list: haussmannien
sense:
Of or relating to Georges-Eugène Haussmann (1809–1891), French civic planner involved in the extravagant rebuilding of Paris in the 1860s.


lexentry: eng/Hayashi_limit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hayashi limit
trans_list: limite de Hayashi
sense:
(astrophysics) A theoretical maximum radius of a star of given mass; the radius at which the inward force of gravity exactly balances the outward pressure of the gas of the star.


lexentry: eng/Headless_Horseman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Headless Horseman
trans_list: cavalier sans tête
sense:
A mythical figure who has appeared in folklore around the world since the Middle Ages, who is traditionally depicted as a man upon horseback who is missing his head.


lexentry: eng/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heard Island and McDonald Islands
trans_list: îles Heard-et-MacDonald
sense:
An Australian external territory and volcanic group of uninhabited Antarctic islands, between Madagascar and Antarctica.


lexentry: eng/Hebe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hebe
trans_list: Hébé
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of youth, and a daughter of Zeus and Hera. Her Roman counterpart is Juventas.


lexentry: eng/Hebrew__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hebrew
trans_list: Hébreu | Hébreuse
sense:
(countable) A member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.


lexentry: eng/Hecate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hecate
trans_list: Hécate
sense:
The powerful goddess, in Greek mythology, of magic, crossroads, fire, light, the moon, and the underworld. Her Roman counterpart is Trivia.


lexentry: eng/Hecatoncheires__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hecatoncheires
trans_list: Hécatonchires
sense:
(Greek mythology) Three monstrous giants of enormous size and strength, each with fifty heads and one hundred arms, who were offspring of Uranus by Gaia, whom Zeus freed from captivity and who in return aided the Olympians in the Titanomachy.


lexentry: eng/Hedone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hedone
trans_list: Hédoné
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of sensual pleasures. She is the daughter of Eros/Cupid and Psyche, and the grandaughter of Aphrodite/Venus and Ares/Mars. Her Roman counterpart is Voluptas.


lexentry: eng/Hegelian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hegelian
trans_list: hégélien | hegelien | hegélien | hégelien
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophical system of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).


lexentry: eng/Heisenberg_uncertainty_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heisenberg uncertainty principle
trans_list: principe d'incertitude d'Heisenberg
sense:
(physics, quantum mechanics) The principle that there is an absolute limit on the combined accuracy of certain pairs of simultaneous, related measurements, especially that of the position and momentum of a particle. Originally posited as a problem of measurement, it was soon refined as an inherent property of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Hejaz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hejaz
trans_list: Hedjaz
sense:
The mountainous area of northwest Saudi Arabia which gave rise to early Islam and which contains the sites of many holy places.


lexentry: eng/Hejaz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hejaz
trans_list: Hedjaz
sense:
An independent kingdom in the area between 1924 and 1932, when it merged with Najd to form the present Saudi Arabia.


lexentry: eng/Hel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hel
trans_list: Hel
sense:
(religion, Norse mythology) The goddess of the realm of the unheroic dead, a daughter of Loki by the jotun Angrboða.


lexentry: eng/Helen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helen
trans_list: Hélène
sense:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War.


lexentry: eng/Helenus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helenus
trans_list: Hélénos
sense:
(Greek mythology) the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy, the twin brother of the prophetess Cassandra.


lexentry: eng/Heliogabalus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heliogabalus
trans_list: Héliogabale
sense:
Synonym of Elagabalus (“Roman emperor, noted for decadence, eccentricity, femininity, and disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos”).


lexentry: eng/Helios__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helios
trans_list: Hélios
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.


lexentry: eng/Hellenic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenic
trans_list: hellénique
sense:
The Greek language and its dialects from the earliest records (Linear B inscriptions, about 1600-1300 B.C.E.) to the present Modern Greek.


lexentry: eng/Hellenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenist
trans_list: helléniste
sense:
A specialist in the study of Greek language, literature, culture, or history, or an admirer of the Greek culture and civilization.


lexentry: eng/Hellenistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenistic
trans_list: hellénistique
sense:
Of or relating to the period of the Greek culture, history, or art after the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian (31 B.C.) – though this end-point is often debated, and can range from 146BC to 330AD [*].


lexentry: eng/Helvétius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helvétius
trans_list: Helvétius
sense:
A surname from French, notably borne by Claude Adrien Helvétius, a French philosopher and littérateur


lexentry: eng/Hephaestus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hephaestus
trans_list: Héphaïstos
sense:
(Greek god) The god of fire, smithwork, metallurgy, volcanoes, and artisans, who served as blacksmith of the gods. His Roman counterpart is Vulcan.


lexentry: eng/Hera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hera
trans_list: Héra
sense:
(Greek god) The queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage and birth; daughter of Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus, mother of Hephaestus, Ares, Hebe, and Enyo.


lexentry: eng/Heracles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heracles
trans_list: Héraclès
sense:
(Greek mythology) : Son of Zeus and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.


lexentry: eng/Heraclitus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heraclitus
trans_list: Héraclite
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Heraclitus of Ephesus, a pre-Socratic Ionian philosopher


lexentry: eng/Herculaneum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herculaneum
trans_list: Herculanum
sense:
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError which was entirely destroyed by the same eruption of Vesuvius that also turned Pompeii into a ruin


lexentry: eng/Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hercules
trans_list: Hercule
sense:
(Roman mythology) The Roman name for the Greek divine hero Heracles, who was the son of Jupiter and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.


lexentry: eng/Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hercules
trans_list: Hercule
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It lies between the constellations Lyra and Corona Borealis.


lexentry: eng/Herero__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herero
trans_list: héréro
sense:
A member of a people belonging to the Bantu group, with about 240,000 members today mostly in Namibia, Angola, and Botswana.


lexentry: eng/Hermes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hermes
trans_list: Hermès
sense:
(Greek god) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft.


lexentry: eng/Herod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herod
trans_list: Hérode
sense:
The name of any of a number of members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled in the Roman province of Judea, most notably Herod the Great, who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, or Herod Antipas, his son, who met Jesus during his Passion.


lexentry: eng/Herostratus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herostratus
trans_list: Érostrate
sense:
an Ancient Greek arsonist who destroyed the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, in order to become famous


lexentry: eng/Hertzsprung-Russell_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
trans_list: diagramme de Hertzsprung-Russell
sense:
(astronomy) A graphic representation of the absolute magnitude of stars against their color (or surface temperature), which shows the main sequence of stars plus the white dwarfs and red giants.


lexentry: eng/Herzeg-Bosnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herzeg-Bosnia
trans_list: Herzég-Bosnie
sense:
A short-lived, unrecognised political entity that existed during the Bosnian war, consisting of the Croat communities of Bosnia.


lexentry: eng/Herzegovina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herzegovina
trans_list: Herzégovine
sense:
Southern wedge of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Represents a geographic and historic entity, not an administrative unit.


lexentry: eng/Hesiod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesiod
trans_list: Hésiode
sense:
Ancient Greek poet and rhapsodist of the 8th century BCE, known as the first author of didactic verse


lexentry: eng/Hesperia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesperia
trans_list: Hespérie
sense:
Literally "western land", a term poetically applied by Ancient Greeks to Italy and by Romans to the Iberian Peninsula and Western Africa.


lexentry: eng/Hesperides__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesperides
trans_list: Hespérides
sense:
(Greek mythology) A group of nymphs who tend a blissful garden filled with trees that grew golden apples in a far western corner of the world, located in Libya or the Atlas Mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus; they are said to be the daughters of Hesperus.


lexentry: eng/Hethumid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hethumid
trans_list: héthoumide
sense:
Of or pertaining to the Hethumids: an Armenian dynasty who ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia as princes and kings.


lexentry: eng/Hettangian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hettangian
trans_list: Hettangien
sense:
The corresponding lowest stage of the Jurassic system, marked by the lowest strata in which the neoammonite genus Psiloceras appears.


lexentry: eng/Hezbollah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hezbollah
trans_list: Hezbollah
sense:
A political and military Shi'a Islamic organization that arose after the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon.


lexentry: eng/Higgs_boson__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Higgs boson
trans_list: boson de Higgs
sense:
(particle) An elementary particle in the Standard Model, namely a boson with zero spin, that gives mass to other particles.


lexentry: eng/High_Mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: High Mass
trans_list: grand-messe
sense:
A Roman Catholic or Anglo-Catholic Mass celebrated in full ceremonial form, in which the celebrant is generally assisted by a deacon and, in the Tridentine form, a subdeacon, and accompanied by acolytes, a thurifer, and a choir.


lexentry: eng/High_Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: High Middle Ages
trans_list: Moyen Âge central
sense:
(history) The period of European history, between the Early Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages, that saw great social and political change.


lexentry: eng/Highway_Code__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Highway Code
trans_list: code de la route
sense:
The official road safety manual for the United Kingdom, covering pedestrians, animals, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers.


lexentry: eng/Hijra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hijra
trans_list: hégire
sense:
The flight of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 ce, which forms the first year of the Islamic era (ah 1).


lexentry: eng/Hilbert_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hilbert space
trans_list: espace de Hilbert
sense:
(functional analysis) A generalized Euclidean space in which mathematical functions take the place of points; crucial to the understanding of quantum mechanics and other applications.


lexentry: eng/Himalayan_salt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himalayan salt
trans_list: sel de l'Himalaya
sense:
A form of rock salt from the Punjab region, sometimes pinkish in colour, used for seasoning food and for making decorative lamps etc.


lexentry: eng/Himalayas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himalayas
trans_list: Himalaya
sense:
The mountain range in south-central Asia which extends about 2,414 km (1,500 mi) through Kashmir, northern India, southern Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam; it contains nine of the world’s ten highest peaks, including Mount Everest/Qomolongma.


lexentry: eng/Himeros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himeros
trans_list: Himéros
sense:
(Greek mythology) The Greek god of uncontrollable desire, often depicted as a winged child attendant to Aphrodite.


lexentry: eng/Hindi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hindi
trans_list: hindî | hindi
sense:
The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.


lexentry: eng/Hinduism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hinduism
trans_list: hindouisme | indouisme
sense:
A religion, philosophy and culture native to India, characterized by the belief in reincarnation and a supreme oneness personified in many forms and natures.


lexentry: eng/Hippocrates__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocrates
trans_list: Hippocrate
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Hippocrates of Cos, an Ancient Greek physician, circa 5th century BC, sometimes called the "father of medicine."


lexentry: eng/Hippocratic_oath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocratic oath
trans_list: serment d'Hippocrate
sense:
(medicine) An oath sworn by newly-qualified physicians that they will observe the medical ethics that derived from Hippocrates.


lexentry: eng/Hippocrene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocrene
trans_list: Hippocrène
sense:
(Greek mythology) A fountain on Mount Helicon, sacred to the Muses and formed by the hooves of Pegasus, the waters of which were supposed to give poetic inspiration when imbibed.


lexentry: eng/Hiroshima__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hiroshima
trans_list: Hiroshima
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It was the target of the first atomic bomb dropped in warfare on August 6, 1945.


lexentry: eng/Hirschsprung's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hirschsprung's disease
trans_list: maladie de Hirschsprung
sense:
(medicine) Congenital aganglionic megacolon, a disorder in which the bowel is obstructed by an aganglionic section of bowel and the colon becomes enlarged.


lexentry: eng/Hispaniola__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hispaniola
trans_list: Hispaniola
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, divided politically into the independent nations of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.


lexentry: eng/Hispaniolan_crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hispaniolan crossbill
trans_list: bec-croisé d'Hispaniola
sense:
Loxia megaplaga, a crossbill that is endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), and the only one of its genus in the Caribbean.


lexentry: eng/Hitchcockian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hitchcockian
trans_list: hitchcockien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Alfred Hitchcock (1899–1980), British filmmaker and producer, or his works, especially noted for suspense and psychothrillers.


lexentry: eng/Hitler__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hitler
trans_list: Hitler
sense:
Ellipsis of w:Adolf Hitler; Führer of the Nazi Party and chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; particularly as the embodiment of Nazism.


lexentry: eng/Hittite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Hittite
trans_list: hittite
sense:
Of or relating to the Hittite Kingdom, located in central Anatolia (modern Turkey), that flourished from about 1800 to 1400 B.C.E..


lexentry: eng/Hittite__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hittite
trans_list: hittite
sense:
An ancient Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested from the 16th century BC until the 13th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Hmong__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hmong
trans_list: hmong
sense:
A people who live predominantly in the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand, and (in diaspora) around the world.


lexentry: eng/Hoabinhian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hoabinhian
trans_list: hoabianien
sense:
(archaeology) Of, relating to, or exhibiting the features of the prehistoric Hòa Bình culture of Southeast Asia, characterised by certain types of stone artifact.


lexentry: eng/Hodgkin's_lymphoma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hodgkin's lymphoma
trans_list: Lymphome de Hodgkin
sense:
(disease, oncology) A malignant lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the formation of large tumour cells (Reed-Sternberg cells) in the lymph nodes.


lexentry: eng/Hofstadter's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hofstadter's law
trans_list: loi de Hofstadter
sense:
The self-referential adage that a task always takes longer than expected, even when Hofstadter's law is taken into account.


lexentry: eng/Hogwarts__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hogwarts
trans_list: Poudlard
sense:
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a school for learning magic in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.


lexentry: eng/Holi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holi
trans_list: Holî
sense:
A Hindu festival, held in the spring, in which people throw coloured powders at each other during noisy street celebrations.


lexentry: eng/Holiness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holiness
trans_list: sainteté
sense:
(countable) Used in connection with His or Your to address the leader of some religious traditions, notably the pope.


lexentry: eng/Holmesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holmesian
trans_list: holmesien
sense:
Of or pertaining to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes or his investigations, methods, or sayings.


lexentry: eng/Holmesian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holmesian
trans_list: holmesien
sense:
A fan of the character Sherlock Holmes; one who studies or enjoys the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.


lexentry: eng/Holocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holocaust
trans_list: Shoah
sense:
(historical, narrowly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Holocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Holocaust
trans_list: Shoah
sense:
(historical, broadly) The systematic mass murder (democide) of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities), perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Holocene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holocene
trans_list: holocène
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about the year 10 000 BC to the present; the age of man.


lexentry: eng/Holodomor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Holodomor
trans_list: Holodomor
sense:
(historical, rare) А famine with mass deaths, especially one of the Soviet famines in 1921–22, 1932–33, or 1946–47.


lexentry: eng/Holofernes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holofernes
trans_list: Holopherne
sense:
a character in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, an invading general of Nebuchadnezzar, beheaded by Judith.


lexentry: eng/Holstein__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holstein
trans_list: Holstein
sense:
The region between the rivers Elbe and Eider, to the south of Schleswig, part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Communion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Communion
trans_list: eucharistie
sense:
A Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper of Christ, with the physical forms of bread and usually wine which are believed by certain denominations to become Christ himself or to host his spiritual presence.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Grail__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Grail
trans_list: Saint-Graal | Graal
sense:
(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Land
trans_list: Terre Sainte
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Prepuce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Prepuce
trans_list: saint Prépuce
sense:
Any of several sacred or holy foreskins (Latin sānctum praepūtium) allegedly from the circumcision of the baby Jesus on the eighth day of his life.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Roman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Roman Empire
trans_list: Saint-Empire romain de la nation germanique | Saint-Empire romain germanique
sense:
(history) A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Holy_See__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy See
trans_list: Saint-Siège
sense:
The episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Spirit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Spirit
trans_list: Saint-Esprit | Esprit-Saint
sense:
(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either from (Eastern Orthodoxy) God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Week__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Week
trans_list: semaine sainte
sense:
The week preceding Easter containing Palm Sunday, Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday), Holy Thursday (Maundy Thursday), Holy Friday (Good Friday), and Holy Saturday.


lexentry: eng/Home_Office__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Home Office
trans_list: bureau de l'Intérieur
sense:
(British, UK politics) The British government department, headed by the Home Secretary, responsible for security and law enforcement in England and Wales.


lexentry: eng/Homocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Homocaust
trans_list: homocaust
sense:
(rare) The persecution of homosexuals which occurred in Nazi Germany, when seen as constituting systematic destruction of them.


lexentry: eng/Hong_Kong__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hong Kong
trans_list: Hong Kong | Hongkong | Xianggang
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located on an island east of the Pearl River delta in the South China Sea; formerly owned by the United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Hooke's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hooke's law
trans_list: loi de Hooke
sense:
(physics) the principle that the stress applied to a solid is directly proportional to the strain produced. This law describes the behavior of springs and solids stressed within their elastic limit.


lexentry: eng/Horned_God__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Horned God
trans_list: dieu cornu
sense:
(Wicca) The second major supernatural figure in the Wiccan religion, a triune god equal to the Goddess, split into the aspects of the Father, Master, and the Sage.


lexentry: eng/Horologium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Horologium
trans_list: Horloge
sense:
(astronomy) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a pendulum clock. It lies between the constellations Fornax and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/House_of_Representatives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: House of Representatives
trans_list: Chambre des représentants
sense:
The lower house in the bicameral legislatures of several countries; also some singular legislative bodies in unicameral systems.


lexentry: eng/Houston__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Houston
trans_list: Houston
sense:
JSC, the NASA Mission Control complex located in Houston, named the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center since 1973.


lexentry: eng/Hubble_constant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hubble constant
trans_list: loi de Hubble
sense:
(astronomy) A number that expresses the rate of expansion of the universe; the velocity at which a distant object is receding from the Earth divided by its distance; its reciprocal determines the age of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Hudson_Bay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hudson Bay
trans_list: baie d'Hudson
sense:
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A large arctic sea, surrounded on three sides, by Quebec on the east, Nunavut to the west, Manitoba to the southwest, Ontario on the south, and extending southeast becoming James Bay. To the north lies the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Hudsonian_godwit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hudsonian godwit
trans_list: barge hudsonienne
sense:
An American wader, Limosa haemastica, gathering on the shores of Hudson Bay to migrate to South America each autumn.


lexentry: eng/Hufflepuff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hufflepuff
trans_list: Poufsouffle
sense:
A person having traits associated with Hufflepuff house from the Harry Potter series, including patience, justice, and loyalty or an affinity for badgers or the colours yellow and black.


lexentry: eng/Human_Genome_Project__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Human Genome Project
trans_list: projet génome humain
sense:
(genetics) an organized international scientific endeavour to determine the complete structure of human genetic material (DNA), identify all the genes, and to understand their function


lexentry: eng/Hungarian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hungarian
trans_list: hongrois
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hungarian
trans_list: Hongrois | Hongroise | hongrois
sense:
A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungarian notation
trans_list: notation hongroise
sense:
(computing, programming) A naming convention in which the name of a variable indicates its data type and intended use by including abbreviations as prefixes.


lexentry: eng/Hungarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungarism
trans_list: hungarisme
sense:
(chiefly, historical) The fascist ideology of the Nazi-aligned Arrow Cross Party, which ruled Hungary from 1944 to 1945, and of its predecessors and subsequent far-right supporters.


lexentry: eng/Hungary_water__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungary water
trans_list: eau de la Reine de Hongrie
sense:
(historical) One of various early modern perfumes and elixirs made of rosemary, camomile or later lavender infused in various alcohols.


lexentry: eng/Huntington's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Huntington's disease
trans_list: maladie de Huntington
sense:
(disease, neurology) A hereditary disorder of the basal ganglia that leads to progressive loss of motor coordination.


lexentry: eng/Hurler_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hurler syndrome
trans_list: maladie
sense:
(pathology, disease) A genetic disorder that results in the buildup of glycosaminoglycans due to a deficiency of alpha-L iduronidase.


lexentry: eng/Hurrian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hurrian
trans_list: Hourrite
sense:
(historical) A member of an ancient people who lived in northern Mesopotamia and created a powerful kingdom called Mitanni in the 16th-13th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Hussitism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hussitism
trans_list: hussitisme
sense:
(Christianity, historical) A religious reform and nationalistic movement of the Bohemian Reformation, based on the teachings of Jan Hus.


lexentry: eng/Hyacinthus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hyacinthus
trans_list: Hyacinthe
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Spartan youth loved and accidentally killed by Apollo. The flower hyacinth sprang from his blood.


lexentry: eng/Hydra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hydra
trans_list: Hydre de Lerne
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours.


lexentry: eng/Hydra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hydra
trans_list: Hydre
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a serpent. It lies just south of the zodiac and contains the star Alphard.


lexentry: eng/Hydrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hydrus
trans_list: Hydre mâle
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a small serpent. It lies between the constellations Mensa and Tucana. It is not to be confused with the constellation Hydra.


lexentry: eng/Hygiea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hygiea
trans_list: Hygie
sense:
(Greek god) Ancient Greek goddess of health, cleanliness, and sanitation. Her Roman name is Hygēa/Hygīa or Salus.


lexentry: eng/Hygieia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hygieia
trans_list: Hygie
sense:
(Greek deities) The goddess and personification of health and healthiness, a daughter of Asclepius and Epione.


lexentry: eng/Hypatia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hypatia
trans_list: Hypatie
sense:
(historical) Hypatia of Alexandria (born c. AD 350–370; died 415), an Ancient Greek mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, and head of the Neoplatonic school at Alexandria.


lexentry: eng/Hypnos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hypnos
trans_list: Hypnos
sense:
(Greek god) The god and personification of sleep. The son of Nyx and Erebus, twin brother of Thanatos, husband of Pasithea, and the father of the Oneiroi. His Roman counterpart is Somnus.


lexentry: eng/Hypsipyle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hypsipyle
trans_list: Hypsipyle
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Thoas and Myrina, queen of Lemnos at the time of the curse by Aphrodite, the island’s subsequent androcide, and the Argonauts’ two-year sojourn on the island, during which time she bore Jason twin sons.


lexentry: eng/Höðr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Höðr
trans_list: Höd
sense:
(Norse mythology) The blind son of the Norse gods Odin and Frigg, whom Loki tricked into shooting Baldur with a mistletoe arrow.


lexentry: eng/I'll_call_the_police__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I'll call the police
trans_list: je vais appeler la police
sense:
Indicates that the speaker is going to call the police, presumably to counter actions from the interlocutor.


